1
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Ma Y, Deng L, Du Z. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantifying NAD + and related metabolites in mice sciatic nerves and its application to a nerve injury animal model. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464821. [PMID: 38547681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the pivotal roles of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites in aging and neurodegeneration. Accurate quantification of NAD+ and its metabolite levels in cells or tissues is crucial for advancing biochemical research and interventions targeting aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study presents an accurate, precise, and rapid LC-MS/MS method using a surrogate matrix to quantify endogenous substances NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide (NAM), adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) concentrations in mice sciatic nerves. Considering the properties of the phosphate groups in the analytes, the column and mobile phase were systematically optimized. These five polar analytes exhibited excellent analytical performance and baseline separation within 5 min on an Atlantis Premier BEH C18 AX column, with methylene phosphonic acid as a mobile phase additive. Enhanced sensitivity addressed the challenges posed by the small sample size of mice sciatic nerve and low NMN and cADPR detection. The method was fully validated, with linear correlation coefficients exceeding 0.992, precision (%relative standard deviation, RSD) values within 8.8%, and accuracy values between 92.2% and 107.3%, suggesting good reproducibility. Analytical recoveries in spiked and diluted matrix ranged from 87.8% to 104.7%, indicating the suitability of water as a surrogate matrix. Application of the method to quantify NAD+ and its metabolite levels in normal and injured mice sciatic nerve identified cADPR as a sensitive biomarker in the nerve injury model. This method is anticipated to deepen our understanding of the connections between NAD+ and its metabolites in health and disease, potentially improving diagnoses of various neurological disorders and aiding drug development for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfen Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; DMPK Department, Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Deng
- DMPK Department, Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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McDonough R, Williams CC, Hartley CJ, French N, Scott C, Lewis DA. Kinetic Model for the Heterogeneous Biocatalytic Reactions Using Tethered Cofactors. Langmuir 2024; 40:6685-6693. [PMID: 38525517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of interfacial enzyme kinetics is critical to the development of synthetic biological systems for the production of value-added chemicals. Here, the interfacial kinetics of the catalysis of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes acting on NAD+ tethered to the surface of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has been investigated using two complementary and supporting kinetic approaches: enzyme excess and reactant (NAD+) excess. Kinetic models developed for these two approaches characterize several critical reaction steps including reversible enzyme adsorption, complexation, decomplexation, and catalysis of the surface-bound enzyme/NAD+ complex. The analysis reveals a concentrating effect resulting in a very high local concentration of enzyme and cofactor on the particle surface, in which the enzyme is saturated by surface-bound NAD, facilitating a rate enhancement of enzyme/NAD+ complexation and catalysis. This resulted in high enzyme efficiency within the tethered NAD+ system compared to that of the free enzyme/NAD+ system, which increases with decreasing enzyme concentration. The role of enzyme adsorption onto solid substrates with a tethered catalyst (such as NAD+) has potential for creating highly efficient flow biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan McDonough
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | | | | | - Nigel French
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David A Lewis
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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3
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Duffus BR, Gauglitz M, Teutloff C, Leimkühler S. Redox potentials elucidate the electron transfer pathway of NAD +-dependent formate dehydrogenases. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112487. [PMID: 38306887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal-dependent, nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are complex metalloenzymes coupling biochemical transformations through intricate electron transfer pathways. Rhodobacter capsulatus FDH is a model enzyme for understanding coupled catalysis, in that reversible CO2 reduction and formate oxidation are linked to a flavin mononuclotide (FMN)-bound diaphorase module via seven iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a dimer of heterotetramers. Catalysis occurs at a bis-metal-binding pterin (Mo) binding two molybdopterin guanine dinucleotides (bis-MGD), a protein-based Cys residue and a participatory sulfido ligand. Insights regarding the proposed electron transfer mechanism between the bis-MGD and the FMN have been complicated by the discovery that an alternative pathway might occur via intersubunit electron transfer between two [4Fe4S] clusters within electron transfer distance. To clarify this difference, the redox potentials of the bis-MGD and the FeS clusters were determined via redox titration by EPR spectroscopy. Redox potentials for the bis-MGD cofactor and five of the seven FeS clusters could be assigned. Furthermore, substitution of the active site residue Lys295 with Ala resulted in altered enzyme kinetics, primarily due to a more negative redox potential of the A1 [4Fe4S] cluster. Finally, characterization of the monomeric FdsGBAD heterotetramer exhibited slightly decreased formate oxidation activity and similar iron-sulfur clusters reduced relative to the dimeric heterotetramer. Comparison of the measured redox potentials relative to structurally defined FeS clusters support a mechanism by which electron transfer occurs within a heterotetrameric unit, with the interfacial [4Fe4S] cluster serving as a structural component toward the integrity of the heterodimeric structure to drive efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Duffus
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Gauglitz
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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4
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Kim HS, Hariri K, Zhang X, Chen L, Katz BB, Pei H, Louie SG, Zhang Y. Synthesis of site-specific Fab-drug conjugates using ADP-ribosyl cyclases. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4924. [PMID: 38501590 PMCID: PMC10949397 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of small-molecule drugs via covalent attachments to monoclonal antibodies has proved successful in clinic. For this purpose, full-length antibodies are mainly used as drug-carrying vehicles. Despite their flexible conjugation sites and versatile biological activities, intact immunoglobulins with conjugated drugs, which feature relatively large molecular weights, tend to have restricted tissue distribution and penetration and low fractions of payloads. Linking small-molecule therapeutics to other formats of antibody may lead to conjugates with optimal properties. Here, we designed and synthesized ADP-ribosyl cyclase-enabled fragment antigen-binding (Fab) drug conjugates (ARC-FDCs) by utilizing CD38 catalytic activity. Through rapidly forming a stable covalent bond with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )-based drug linker at its active site, CD38 genetically fused with Fab mediates robust site-specific drug conjugations via enzymatic reactions. Generated ARC-FDCs with defined drug-to-Fab ratios display potent and antigen-dependent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. This work demonstrates a new strategy for developing site-specific FDCs. It may be applicable to different antibody scaffolds for therapeutic conjugations, leading to novel targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimia Hariri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiao‐Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Liang‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Research Center for Liver DiseasesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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5
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Roth S, Niese R, Müller M, Hall M. Redox Out of the Box: Catalytic Versatility Across NAD(P)H-Dependent Oxidoreductases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314740. [PMID: 37924279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric reduction of double bonds using NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases has proven to be an efficient tool for the synthesis of important chiral molecules in research and on industrial scale. These enzymes are commercially available in screening kits for the reduction of C=O (ketones), C=C (activated alkenes), or C=N bonds (imines). Recent reports, however, indicate that the ability to accommodate multiple reductase activities on distinct C=X bonds occurs in different enzyme classes, either natively or after mutagenesis. This challenges the common perception of highly selective oxidoreductases for one type of electrophilic substrate. Consideration of this underexplored potential in enzyme screenings and protein engineering campaigns may contribute to the identification of complementary biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of chiral compounds. This review will contribute to a global understanding of the promiscuous behavior of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases on C=X bond reduction and inspire future discoveries with respect to unconventional biocatalytic routes in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roth
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Niese
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth, Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
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6
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Wang Z, Henriques A, Rouvière L, Callizot N, Tan L, Hotchkin MT, Rossignol R, Mortenson MG, Dorfman AR, Ho KS, Wang H. A Mechanism Underpinning the Bioenergetic Metabolism-Regulating Function of Gold Nanocatalysts. Small 2024; 20:e2304082. [PMID: 37767608 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergetic deficits are known to be significant contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, identifying safe and effective means to address intracellular bioenergetic deficits remains a significant challenge. This work provides mechanistic insights into the energy metabolism-regulating function of colloidal Au nanocrystals, referred to as CNM-Au8, that are synthesized electrochemically in the absence of surface-capping organic ligands. When neurons are subjected to excitotoxic stressors or toxic peptides, treatment of neurons with CNM-Au8 results in dose-dependent neuronal survival and neurite network preservation across multiple neuronal subtypes. CNM-Au8 efficiently catalyzes the conversion of an energetic cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH), into its oxidized counterpart (NAD+ ), which promotes bioenergy production by regulating the intracellular level of adenosine triphosphate. Detailed kinetic measurements reveal that CNM-Au8-catalyzed NADH oxidation obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibits pH-dependent kinetic profiles. Photoexcited charge carriers and photothermal effect, which result from optical excitations and decay of the plasmonic electron oscillations or the interband electronic transitions in CNM-Au8, are further harnessed as unique leverages to modulate reaction kinetics. As exemplified by this work, Au nanocrystals with deliberately tailored structures and surfactant-free clean surfaces hold great promise for developing next-generation therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Cellomet, CARF Center, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Mark G Mortenson
- Clene Nanomedicine, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, 84117, USA
- Clene Nanomedicine, Inc., North East, MD, 21901, USA
| | | | - Karen S Ho
- Clene Nanomedicine, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, 84117, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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7
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Zhang Z, Rondon-Cordero HM, Das C. Crystal structure of bacterial ubiquitin ADP-ribosyltransferase CteC reveals a substrate-recruiting insertion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105604. [PMID: 38159861 PMCID: PMC10810742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in regulation of diverse cellular pathways. Interestingly, many pathogens have been identified to utilize ADP-ribosylation as a way for host manipulation. A recent study found that CteC, an effector from the bacterial pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum, hinders host ubiquitin (Ub) signaling pathways via installing mono-ADP-ribosylation on threonine 66 of Ub. However, the molecular basis of substrate recognition by CteC is not well understood. In this article, we probed the substrate specificity of this effector at protein and residue levels. We also determined the crystal structure of CteC in complex with NAD+, which revealed a canonical mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase fold with an additional insertion domain. The AlphaFold-predicted model differed significantly from the experimentally determined structure, even in regions not used in crystal packing. Biochemical and biophysical studies indicated unique features of the NAD+ binding pocket, while showing selectivity distinction between Ub and structurally close Ub-like modifiers and the role of the insertion domain in substrate recognition. Together, this study provides insights into the enzymatic specificities and the key structural features of a novel bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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8
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Liu J, Liu G, Han X, Tao F, Xu P. Characterization of the Pro101Gln mutation that enhances the catalytic performance of T. indicus NADH-dependent d-lactate dehydrogenase. Structure 2023; 31:1616-1628.e3. [PMID: 37729918 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
NADH-dependent d-lactate dehydrogenases (d-LDH) are important for the industrial production of d-lactic acid. Here, we identify and characterize an improved d-lactate dehydrogenase mutant (d-LDH1) that contains the Pro101Gln mutation. The specific enzyme activities of d-LDH1 toward pyruvate and NADH are 21.8- and 11.0-fold greater compared to the wild-type enzyme. We determined the crystal structure of Apo-d-LDH1 at 2.65 Å resolution. Based on our structural analysis and docking studies, we explain the differences in activity with an altered binding conformation of NADH in d-LDH1. The role of the conserved residue Pro101 in d-LDH was further probed in site-directed mutagenesis experiments. We introduced d-LDH1 into Bacillus licheniformis yielding a d-lactic acid production of 145.9 g L-1 within 60 h at 50°C, which was three times higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. The discovery of d-LDH1 will pave the way for the efficient production of d-lactic acid by thermophilic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Möhler M, Jäschke A. Future Perspectives for the Identification and Sequencing of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Capped RNAs. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3000-3009. [PMID: 37852615 PMCID: PMC10634297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is composed primarily of four canonical building blocks. In addition, more than 170 modifications contribute to its stability and function. Metabolites like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were found to function as 5'-cap structures of RNA, just like 7-methylguanosine (m7G). The identification of NAD-capped RNA sequences was first made possible by NAD captureSeq, a multistep protocol for the specific targeting, purification, and sequencing of NAD-capped RNAs, developed in the authors' laboratory in the year 2015. In recent years, a number of NAD-RNA identification protocols have been developed by researchers around the world. They have enabled the discovery and identification of NAD-RNAs in bacteria, archaea, yeast, plants, mice, and human cells, and they play a key role in studying the biological functions of NAD capping. We introduce the four parameters of yield, specificity, evaluability, and throughput and describe to the reader how an ideal NAD-RNA identification protocol would perform in each of these disciplines. These parameters are further used to describe and analyze existing protocols that follow two general methodologies: the capture approach and the decapping approach. Capture protocols introduce an exogenous moiety into the NAD-cap structure in order to either specifically purify or sequence NAD-capped RNAs. In decapping protocols, the NAD cap is digested to 5'-monophosphate RNA, which is then specifically targeted and sequenced. Both approaches, as well as the different protocols within them, have advantages and challenges that we evaluate based on the aforementioned parameters. In addition, we suggest improvements in order to meet the future needs of research on NAD-modified RNAs, which is beginning to emerge in the area of cell-type specific samples. A limiting factor of the capture approach is the need for large amounts of input RNA. Here we see a high potential for innovation within the key targeting step: The enzymatic modification reaction of the NAD-cap structure catalyzed by ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ADPRC) is a major contributor to the parameters of yield and specificity but has mostly seen minor changes since the pioneering protocol of NAD captureSeq and needs to be more stringently analyzed. The major challenge of the decapping approach remains the specificity of the decapping enzymes, many of which act on a variety of 5'-cap structures. Exploration of new decapping enzymes or engineering of already known enzymes could lead to improvements in NAD-specific protocols. The use of a curated set of decapping enzymes in a combinatorial approach could allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple 5'-caps. The throughput of both approaches could be greatly improved by early sample pooling. We propose that this could be achieved by introducing a barcode RNA sequence before or immediately after the NAD-RNA targeting steps. With increased processing capacity and a potential decrease in the cost per sample, protocols will gain the potential to analyze large numbers of samples from different growth conditions and treatments. This will support the search for biological roles of NAD-capped RNAs in all types of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacy and
Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and
Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Zhao LJ, Zhang C, Zhang S, Lv X, Chen J, Sun X, Su H, Murayama T, Qi C. High Selectivity Cofactor NADH Regeneration Organic Iridium Complexes Used for High-Efficiency Chem-Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17577-17582. [PMID: 37843583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Our research demonstrated that novel pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) iridium pyridine sulfonamide complex PySO2NPh-Ir (7) could highly specifically catalyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into the corresponding reducing cofactor NADH in cell growth media containing various biomolecules. The structures and catalytic mechanism of 7 were studied by single-crystal X-ray, NMR, electrochemical, and kinetic methods, and the formation of iridium hydride species Ir-H was confirmed to be the plausible hydride-transfer intermediate of 7. Moreover, benefiting from its high hydrogen-transfer activity and selectivity for NADH regeneration, 7 was used as an optimal metal catalyst to establish a chem-enzyme cascade catalytic hydrogen-transfer system, which realized the high-efficiency preparation of l-glutamic acid by combining with l-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huijuan Su
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Toru Murayama
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Caixia Qi
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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11
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Arachchige DL, Dwivedi SK, Jaeger S, Olowolagba AM, Mahmoud M, Tucker DR, Fritz DR, Werner T, Tanasova M, Luck RL, Liu H. Highly Sensitive Cyanine Dyes for Rapid Sensing of NAD(P)H in Mitochondria and First-Instar Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:3199-3212. [PMID: 37556116 PMCID: PMC10584401 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed two highly sensitive cyanine dyes, which we refer to as probes A and B. These dyes are capable of quick and sensitive sensing of NAD(P)H. The dyes were fabricated by connecting benzothiazolium and 2,3-dimethylnaphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-3-ium units to 3-quinolinium through a vinyl bond. In the absence of NAD(P)H, both probes have low fluorescence and absorption peaks at 370 and 400 nm, correspondingly. This is because of their two electron-withdrawing acceptor systems with high charge densities. However, when NAD(P)H reduces the probes' electron-withdrawing 3-quinolinium units to electron-donating 1,4-dihydroquinoline units, the probes absorb at 533 and 535 nm and fluoresce at 572 and 586 nm for A and B correspondingly. This creates well-defined donor-π-acceptor cyanine dyes. We successfully used probe A to monitor NAD(P)H levels in live cells during glycolysis, under hypoxic conditions induced by CoCl2 treatment and after treatment with cancer drugs, including cisplatin, camptothecin, and gemcitabine. Probe A was also employed to visualize NAD(P)H in Drosophila melanogaster first-instar larvae. We observed an increase in NAD(P)H levels in A549 cancer cells both under hypoxic conditions and after treatment with cancer drugs, including cisplatin, camptothecin, and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Sophia Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Daniel R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Delaney Raine Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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12
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Speirs M, Hardman SJO, Iorgu AI, Johannissen LO, Heyes DJ, Scrutton NS, Sazanovich IV, Hay S. Photoinduced Electron Transfer from a 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) Analogue to Oxidized Flavin in an Ene-Reductase Flavoenzyme. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3236-3242. [PMID: 36972502 PMCID: PMC10084465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have described the use of ene-reductase flavoenzymes to catalyze non-natural photochemical reactions. These studies have focused on using reduced flavoenzyme, yet oxidized flavins have superior light harvesting properties. In a binary complex of the oxidized ene-reductase pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase with the nonreactive nicotinamide coenzyme analogs 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro NAD(P)H, visible photoexcitation of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) leads to one-electron transfer from the NAD(P)H4 to FMN, generating a NAD(P)H4 cation radical and anionic FMN semiquinone. This electron transfer occurs in ∼1 ps and appears to kinetically outcompete reductive quenching from aromatic residues in the active site. Time-resolved infrared measurements show that relaxation processes appear to be largely localized on the FMN and the charge-separated state is short-lived, with relaxation, presumably via back electron transfer, occurring over ∼3-30 ps. While this demonstrates the potential for non-natural photoactivity, useful photocatalysis will likely require longer-lived excited states, which may be accessible by enzyme engineering and/or a judicious choice of substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Speirs
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha J. O. Hardman
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Andreea I. Iorgu
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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13
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Blacker TS, Duchen MR, Bain AJ. NAD(P)H binding configurations revealed by time-resolved fluorescence and two-photon absorption. Biophys J 2023; 122:1240-1253. [PMID: 36793214 PMCID: PMC10111271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
NADH and NADPH play key roles in the regulation of metabolism. Their endogenous fluorescence is sensitive to enzyme binding, allowing changes in cellular metabolic state to be determined using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). However, to fully uncover the underlying biochemistry, the relationships between their fluorescence and binding dynamics require greater understanding. Here we accomplish this through time- and polarization-resolved fluorescence and polarized two-photon absorption measurements. Two lifetimes result from binding of both NADH to lactate dehydrogenase and NADPH to isocitrate dehydrogenase. The composite fluorescence anisotropy indicates the shorter (1.3-1.6 ns) decay component to be accompanied by local motion of the nicotinamide ring, pointing to attachment solely via the adenine moiety. For the longer lifetime (3.2-4.4 ns), the nicotinamide conformational freedom is found to be fully restricted. As full and partial nicotinamide binding are recognized steps in dehydrogenase catalysis, our results unify photophysical, structural, and functional aspects of NADH and NADPH binding and clarify the biochemical processes that underlie their contrasting intracellular lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Research Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Research Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angus J Bain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Yang B, Li S, Mu W, Wang Z, Han X. Light-Harvesting Artificial Cells Containing Cyanobacteria for CO 2 Fixation and Further Metabolism Mimicking. Small 2023; 19:e2201305. [PMID: 35905491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up constructed artificial cells help to understand the cell working mechanism and provide the evolution clues for organisms. The energy supply and metabolism mimicry are the key issues in the field of artificial cells. Herein, an artificial cell containing cyanobacteria capable of light harvesting and carbon dioxide fixation is demonstrated to produce glucose molecules by converting light energy into chemical energy. Two downstream "metabolic" pathways starting from glucose molecules are investigated. One involves enzyme cascade reaction to produce H2 O2 (assisted by glucose oxidase) first, followed by converting Amplex red to resorufin (assisted by horseradish peroxidase). The other pathway is more biologically relevant. Glucose molecules are dehydrogenated to transfer hydrogens to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) for the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) molecules in the presence of glucose dehydrogenase. Further, NADH molecules are oxidized into NAD+ by pyruvate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, meanwhile, lactate is obtained. Therefore, the cascade cycling of NADH/NAD+ is built. The artificial cells built here pave the way for investigating more complicated energy-supplied metabolism inside artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
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15
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Fontana-Escartín A, El Hauadi K, Lanzalaco S, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Armelin E, Turon P, Alemán C. Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized Surgical Meshes for Early Detection of Bacterial Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1104-1115. [PMID: 36693280 PMCID: PMC10889595 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) nonabsorbable surgical meshes are modified by incorporating a conducting polymer (CP) layer to detect the adhesion and growth of bacteria by sensing the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a metabolite produced by the respiration reactions of such microorganisms, to NAD+. A three-step process is used for such incorporation: (1) treat pristine meshes with low-pressure O2 plasma; (2) functionalize the surface with CP nanoparticles; and (3) coat with a homogeneous layer of electropolymerized CP using the nanoparticles introduced in (2) as polymerization nuclei. The modified meshes are stable and easy to handle and also show good electrochemical response. The detection by cyclic voltammetry of NADH within the interval of concentrations reported for bacterial cultures is demonstrated for the two modified meshes. Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus and both biofilm-positive (B+) and biofilm-negative (B-) Escherichia coli cultures are used to prove real-time monitoring of NADH coming from aerobic respiration reactions. The proposed strategy, which offers a simple and innovative process for incorporating a sensor for the electrochemical detection of bacteria metabolism to currently existing surgical meshes, holds considerable promise for the future development of a new generation of smart biomedical devices to fight against post-operative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Fontana-Escartín
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karima El Hauadi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Lanzalaco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U., Carretera de Terrassa 121, 08191Rubí (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Yao J, Yin Y, Han H, Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang B, Wu M, Shu K, Debnath B, Lombard DB, Wang Q, Cheng K, Neamati N, Liu Y. Pyrazolone derivatives as potent and selective small-molecule SIRT5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115024. [PMID: 36543033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sirtiun 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase. It is emerging as a promising target for the development of drugs to treat cancer and metabolism-related diseases. In this study, we screened 5000 compounds and identified a hit compound 14 bearing a pyrazolone functional group as a novel SIRT5-selective inhibitor. Structure-based optimization of 14 resulted in compound 47 with an IC50 value of 0.21 ± 0.02 μM and a 100-fold improved potency. Compound 47 showed substantial selectivity for SIRT5 over SIRT1-3 and SIRT6. Biochemical studies suggest that 47 does not occupy the NAD + -binding pocket and acts as a substrate-competitive inhibitor. The identified potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitors allow further studies as research tools and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yudong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Mengyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Kangqi Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Bikash Debnath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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17
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Vainstein S, Banta S. Engineering Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase for activity with the non-canonical cofactor 3'-NADP(H). Protein Eng Des Sel 2023; 36:gzad009. [PMID: 37658768 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductases catalyze essential redox reactions, and many require a diffusible cofactor for electron transport, such as NAD(H). Non-canonical cofactor analogs have been explored as a means to create enzymatic reactions that operate orthogonally to existing metabolism. Here, we aimed to engineer the formate dehydrogenase from Candid boidinii (CbFDH) for activity with the non-canonical cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3'-phosphate (3'-NADP(H)). We used PyRosetta, the Cofactor Specificity Reversal Structural Analysis and Library Design (CSR-SALAD), and structure-guided saturation mutagenesis to identify mutations that enable CbFDH to use 3'-NADP+. Two single mutants, D195A and D195G, had the highest activities with 3'-NADP+, while the double mutant D195G/Y196S exhibited the highest cofactor selectivity reversal behavior. Steady state kinetic analyses were performed; the D195A mutant exhibited the highest KTS value with 3'-NADP+. This work compares the utility of computational approaches for cofactor specificity engineering while demonstrating the engineering of an important enzyme for novel non-canonical cofactor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Vainstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Scott Banta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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18
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Chung I, Grba DN, Wright JJ, Hirst J. Making the leap from structure to mechanism: are the open states of mammalian complex I identified by cryoEM resting states or catalytic intermediates? Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 77:102447. [PMID: 36087446 PMCID: PMC7614202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is a multi-subunit, energy-transducing mitochondrial enzyme that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation and regulating NAD+/NADH pools. Despite recent advances in structural knowledge and a long history of biochemical analyses, the mechanism of redox-coupled proton translocation by complex I remains unknown. Due to its ability to separate molecules in a mixed population into distinct classes, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy has enabled identification and characterisation of different complex I conformations. However, deciding on their catalytic and/or regulatory properties to underpin mechanistic hypotheses, especially without detailed biochemical characterisation of the structural samples, has proven challenging. In this review we explore different mechanistic interpretations of the closed and open states identified in cryoEM analyses of mammalian complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injae Chung
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel N Grba
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John J Wright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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19
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Sharma VK, Hutchison JM, Allgeier AM. Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200888. [PMID: 36129761 PMCID: PMC10029092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processes, particularly those capable of performing redox reactions, have recently been of growing research interest. Substrate specificity, optimal activity at mild temperatures, high selectivity, and yield are among the desirable characteristics of these oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) or NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases have been extensively studied for their potential applications like biosynthesis of chiral organic compounds, construction of biosensors, and pollutant degradation. One of the main challenges associated with making these processes commercially viable is the regeneration of the expensive cofactors required by the enzymes. Numerous efforts have pursued enzymatic regeneration of NAD(P)H by coupling a substrate reduction with a complementary enzyme catalyzed oxidation of a co-substrate. While offering excellent selectivity and high total turnover numbers, such processes involve complicated downstream product separation of a primary product from the coproducts and impurities. Alternative methods comprising chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical regeneration have been developed with the goal of enhanced efficiency and operational simplicity compared to enzymatic regeneration. Despite the goal, however, the literature rarely offers a meaningful comparison of the total turnover numbers for various regeneration methodologies. This comprehensive Review systematically discusses various methods of NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration and quantitatively compares performance across the numerous methods. Further, fundamental barriers to enhanced cofactor regeneration in the various methods are identified, and future opportunities are highlighted for improving the efficiency and sustainability of commercially viable oxidoreductase processes for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Sharma
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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20
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Ibáñez D, González-García MB, Hernández-Santos D, Fanjul-Bolado P. Spectroelectrochemical Enzyme Sensor System for Acetaldehyde Detection in Wine. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1032. [PMID: 36421150 PMCID: PMC9688840 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new spectroelectrochemical two-enzyme sensor system has been developed for the detection of acetaldehyde in wine. A combination of spectroscopy and electrochemistry improves the analytical features of the electrochemical sensor because the optical information collected with this system is only associated with acetaldehyde and avoids the interferents also present in wines as polyphenols. Spectroelectrochemical detection is achieved by the analysis of the optical properties of the K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] redox couple involved in the enzymatic process: aldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the aldehyde oxidation using β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NAD+) as a cofactor and, simultaneously, diaphorase reoxidizes the NADH formed in the first enzymatic process due to the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6]. An analysis of the characteristic UV-vis bands of K3[Fe(CN)6] at 310 and 420 nm allows the detection of acetaldehyde, since absorption bands are only related to the oxidation of this substrate, and avoids the contribution of other interferents.
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21
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Li W, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Kuhn A. Fine-Tuning the Electrocatalytic Regeneration of NADH Cofactor Using [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl] +-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:46673-46681. [PMID: 36215128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical regeneration of the reduced form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor catalyzed by immobilized [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ is a promising approach for the enzymatic synthesis of many valuable chemicals with NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. However, rational control of the efficiency is often limited by the irregular structure of the electrode/electrolyte interface and the accessibility of the molecular catalyst. Here, we propose an electrochemical system for NADH cofactor regeneration, based on highly ordered three- dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (NU-1000) films. [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ is incorporated at the zirconium nodes of NU-1000 via solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI), leading to a diffusion-controlled behavior, associated with an electron hopping mechanism. Varying the ratio of redox-active [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ and inactive postgrafting agents enables the elaboration of functional electrodes with tunable electrocatalytic activity for NADH regeneration. The exceptionally high faradic efficiency of 97%, associated with a very high turnover frequency (TOF) of ∼1400 h-1 for NADH regeneration, and the total turnover number (TTN) of over 20000 for the enzymatic conversion from pyruvate to l-lactate, when coupled with l-lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) as a model reaction, open up promising perspectives for employing these electrodes in various alternative bioelectrosynthesis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Ziman Zheng
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, Pessac 33400, France
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22
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Plapp BV, Gakhar L, Subramanian R. Dependence of crystallographic atomic displacement parameters on temperature (25-150 K) for complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:1221-1234. [PMID: 36189742 PMCID: PMC9527765 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322008361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding and orienting substrates with dynamic interactions. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes hydrogen transfer with quantum-mechanical tunneling that involves fast motions in the active site. The structures and B factors of ternary complexes of the enzyme with NAD+ and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol or NAD+ and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol were determined to 1.1-1.3 Å resolution below the `glassy transition' in order to extract information about the temperature-dependent harmonic motions, which are reflected in the crystallographic B factors. The refinement statistics and structures are essentially the same for each structure at all temperatures. The B factors were corrected for a small amount of radiation decay. The overall B factors for the complexes are similar (13-16 Å2) over the range 25-100 K, but increase somewhat at 150 K. Applying TLS refinement to remove the contribution of pseudo-rigid-body displacements of coenzyme binding and catalytic domains provided residual B factors of 7-10 Å2 for the overall complexes and of 5-10 Å2 for C4N of NAD+ and the methylene carbon of the alcohols. These residual B factors have a very small dependence on temperature and include local harmonic motions and apparently contributions from other sources. Structures at 100 K show complexes that are poised for hydrogen transfer, which involves atomic displacements of ∼0.3 Å and is compatible with the motions estimated from the residual B factors and molecular-dynamics simulations. At 298 K local conformational changes are also involved in catalysis, as enzymes with substitutions of amino acids in the substrate-binding site have similar positions of NAD+ and pentafluorobenzyl alcohol and similar residual B factors, but differ by tenfold in the rate constants for hydride transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce V. Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA
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Wu X, Wang S, Fang J, Chen H, Liu H, Li R. Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency in Visible-Light-Induced NADH Regeneration by Intramolecular Electron Transfer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38895-38904. [PMID: 35986690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, photocatalytic NADH regeneration has drawn increasing interest in the recent decade as it provides a perfect approach for NAD+ reduction into NADH, which can be further consumed by oxidordeuctase for enzymatic redox reactions. However, two issues still remain unsolved in this procedure. First, the photocatalytic efficiency in NAD+ hydrogenation requires further improvement. Second, the rhodium electron mediator [Cp*Rh(bpy)H2O]2+ (M), which is always required for selective 1,4-NADH regeneration, is difficult to recover because of its good solubility in aqueous solution. Given the high price of M, it is highly wasteful and inefficient if it only spends once. Here, we report a Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl implanted conjugated microporous polymer DTS/Rh@CMPs which can be employed as a highly effective visible light photocatalysts for in situ NADH regeneration without using additional M. In addition, the insertion of Rh complex into a polymer skeleton, as demonstrated in UV-vis, fluorescence, photocurrent and electrochemical impedance, dramatically improves the light absorption capacity and the electron separation and transfer efficiency. Compared with that of DTS@CMP-1 with M, an enhanced reaction yield of 33% was determined in DTS/Rh@CMP-1 suggesting that intramolecular electron transfer has a better activity than that of intermolecular electron transfer in photocatalytic NAD+ reduction. Moreover, as the Rh complex is rooted firmly in a polymer framework, negligible Rh loss and conversion decrease in NADH regeneration are observed. When the DTS/Rh@CMP-1 was coupled with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 1.36 mM of methanol was accumulated, implying an excellent biocompatibility of DTS/Rh@CMP-1 and a high feasibility of photobiocatalysis for formaldehyde hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiewen Wu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Run Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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Alenazi J, Mayclin S, Subramanian S, Myler PJ, Asojo OA. Crystal structure of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Burkholderia phymatum in complex with NAD. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:52-58. [PMID: 35102893 PMCID: PMC8805215 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia phymatum is an important symbiotic nitrogen-fixing betaproteobacterium. B. phymatum is beneficial, unlike other Burkholderia species, which cause disease or are potential bioagents. Structural genomics studies at the SSGCID include characterization of the structures of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) from multiple Burkholderia species. The crystal structure of a short-chain dehydrogenase from B. phymatum (BpSDR) was determined in space group C2221 at a resolution of 1.80 Å. BpSDR shares less than 38% sequence identity with any known structure. The monomer is a prototypical SDR with a well conserved cofactor-binding domain despite its low sequence identity. The substrate-binding cavity is unique and offers insights into possible functions and likely inhibitors of the enzymatic functions of BpSDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alenazi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 200 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Stephen Mayclin
- UCB Pharma, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandhya Subramanian
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North Suite 500, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North Suite 500, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oluwatoyin A. Asojo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 200 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
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25
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Weber JM, Henderson BL, LaRowe DE, Goldman AD, Perl SM, Billings K, Barge LM. Testing Abiotic Reduction of NAD + Directly Mediated by Iron/Sulfur Minerals. Astrobiology 2022; 22:25-34. [PMID: 34591607 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Life emerged in a geochemical context, possibly in the midst of mineral substrates. However, it is not known to what extent minerals and dissolved inorganic ions could have facilitated the evolution of biochemical reactions. Herein, we have experimentally shown that iron sulfide minerals can act as electron transfer agents for the reduction of the ubiquitous biological protein cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) under anaerobic prebiotic conditions, observing the NAD+/NADH redox transition by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. This reaction was mediated with iron sulfide minerals, which were likely abundant on early Earth in seafloor and hydrothermal settings; and the NAD+/NADH redox reaction occurred in the absence of UV light, peptide ligand(s), or dissolved mediators. To better understand this reaction, thermodynamic modeling was also performed. The ability of an iron sulfide mineral to transfer electrons to a biochemical cofactor that is found in every living cell demonstrates how geologic materials could have played a direct role in the evolution of certain cofactor-driven metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Weber
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Bryana L Henderson
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Douglas E LaRowe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron D Goldman
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Perl
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Keith Billings
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Laura M Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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26
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Schwartz-Duval AS, Wen R, Srivastava I, Moitra P, Pan D. A Simplistic Single-Step Method for Preparing Biomimetic Nanoparticles from Endogenous Biomaterials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46464-46477. [PMID: 34569780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many works utilize products isolated from nature as capping agents to functionalize gold nanoparticles for targeting and therapeutic applications. Some of the most advanced of these strategies utilize complex multicomponent biomaterials, such as whole cell-membranes, for nanoparticle functionalization strategies for evading or initializing immune response as well as for targeting. Strategies like these, wherein whole cell membrane is utilized for functionalization, take advantage of the complexity of the protein-lipid content and organization, which cells normally use for communication and interaction (instilling these capacities to nanoparticle vectors). Many approaches for achieving this in functionalizing the surface of nanoparticles rely on multistep processes, which necessitate the addition and then removal of synthetic molecules, heating, or pH modifications. These processes can have deleterious modifying effects on the functionalizing biomolecules, resulting in loss of product and time during each purification step, as well as potentially changing the biomolecule functionality toward a nondesirable effect. Here, we describe methods for forming gold nanoparticles at room temperature in a single step, functionalized with proteins, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). This process enables formation of nanoparticles that can be functionalized by individual proteins (demonstrated with FBS) or whole cells membrane (extracted from B16F10 cells). This work is derivative from observations found in the literature by us and others, that mammalian cells are capable of producing gold nanoparticles from ionic gold without the supplementation of chemical species. The products of this single-step synthesis described herein have been optimized to maintain biomolecule integrity and so that there are no further purification steps required. To characterize the nanoparticles in terms of their shape, size, surface functionality, and biomolecule integrity throughout development, we employed light-based spectroscopy techniques, molecular modeling, electron microscopy, light scattering, and gel electrophoresis techniques. In order to compare the optimized biomolecule-functionalized nanoparticles against current standards (which require synthetic linkers, heating, or pH manipulation), we employed metabolic and live/dead assays as well as light-based microscopy/spectroscopy in vitro. In comparing our synthetic process against others for forming gold nanoparticles functionalized with complex biomolecule components (whole-cell membrane), we found that this process had superior particle internalization. Our strategy has similar outlets for application to these other works, however, because this process is entirely reliant on endogenous biomaterials and has additional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rachele Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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27
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Shen Y, Wang L, Xu Z, Ning F, Zhan Y, Bai C, Zhou X. Low-Temperature Methanol-Water Reforming Over Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Immobilized Ruthenium Complex. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3867-3875. [PMID: 34310047 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is one of the most promising sustainable energy carriers for its high gravimetric energy density and abundance. Nowadays, hydrogen production and storage are the main constraints for its commercialization. As a current research focus, hydrogen production from methanol-water reforming, especially at low temperature, is particularly important. In this study, a novel reaction path for low-temperature methanol reforming through synergistic catalysis was developed. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ ) were employed for methanol catalytic dehydrogenation at low temperature, which could generate formaldehyde and reductive coenzyme I (NADH). Covalent triazine framework-immobilized ruthenium complex (Ru-CTF) was prepared afterwards. On one hand, the catalyst exhibited high activity for the formaldehyde-water shift reaction to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the NADH dehydrogenation was also catalyzed by the Ru-CTF, producing NAD+ and hydrogen. Additionally, the catalyst also showed high biocompatibility with ADH. Through the synergistic effect of the above two main processes, methanol could be converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide stably at low temperature for more than 96 h. The hydrogen production rate was dependent on the pH of the reaction solution as well as the ADH dosage. A hydrogen production rate of 157 mmol h-1 mol-1 Ru was achieved at the optimum pH (8.1). Additionally, the hydrogen production rate increased linearly with the ADH dosage, reaching 578 mmol h-1 mol-1 Ru when the ADH dosage was 180 U at 35 °C. This research could not only help overcome the difficulties for methanol reforming near room temperature but also give new inspiration for designing new reaction pathways for methanol reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Shen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Fandi Ning
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Institution Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yulu Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Bai
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Institution Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Institution Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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28
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Heidelman M, Dhakal B, Gikunda M, Silva KPT, Risal L, Rodriguez AI, Abe F, Urayama P. Cellular NADH and NADPH Conformation as a Real-Time Fluorescence-Based Metabolic Indicator under Pressurized Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:5020. [PMID: 34443607 PMCID: PMC8402201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular conformation of reduced pyridine nucleotides NADH and NADPH sensed using autofluorescence spectroscopy is presented as a real-time metabolic indicator under pressurized conditions. The approach provides information on the role of pressure in energy metabolism and antioxidant defense with applications in agriculture and food technologies. Here, we use spectral phasor analysis on UV-excited autofluorescence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to assess the involvement of one or multiple NADH- or NADPH-linked pathways based on the presence of two-component spectral behavior during a metabolic response. To demonstrate metabolic monitoring under pressure, we first present the autofluorescence response to cyanide (a respiratory inhibitor) at 32 MPa. Although ambient and high-pressure responses remain similar, pressure itself also induces a response that is consistent with a change in cellular redox state and ROS production. Next, as an example of an autofluorescence response altered by pressurization, we investigate the response to ethanol at ambient, 12 MPa, and 30 MPa pressure. Ethanol (another respiratory inhibitor) and cyanide induce similar responses at ambient pressure. The onset of non-two-component spectral behavior upon pressurization suggests a change in the mechanism of ethanol action. Overall, results point to new avenues of investigation in piezophysiology by providing a way of visualizing metabolism and mitochondrial function under pressurized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heidelman
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Bibek Dhakal
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Millicent Gikunda
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Kalinga Pavan Thushara Silva
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Laxmi Risal
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Andrew I. Rodriguez
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Fumiyoshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan;
| | - Paul Urayama
- Department of Physics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (M.H.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (K.P.T.S.); (L.R.); (A.I.R.)
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29
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Xie J, Liang C, Luo S, Pan Z, Lai Y, He J, Chen H, Ren Q, Huang H, Zhang Q, Zhang P. Water-Soluble Iridic-Porphyrin Complex for Non-invasive Sonodynamic and Sono-oxidation Therapy of Deep Tumors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27934-27944. [PMID: 34101408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to conventional photodynamic therapy encountering serious problems of phototoxicity and low tissue-penetrating depth of light, other dynamic therapy-based therapeutic methods such as sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are expected to be developed. To improve the therapeutic response to SDT, more effective sonosensitizers are imperative. In this study, a novel water-soluble iridium(III)-porphyrin sonosensitizer (IrTMPPS) was synthesized and used for SDT. IrTMPPS generated ample singlet oxygen (1O2) under US irradiation and especially showed distinguished US-activatable abilities at more than 10 cm deep-tissue depths. Interestingly, under US irradiation, IrTMPPS sonocatalytically oxidized intracellular NADH, which would enhance SDT efficiency by breaking the redox balance in the tumor. Moreover, IrTMPPS displayed great sonocytotoxicity toward various cancer cells, and in vivo experiments demonstrated efficient tumor inhibition and anti-metastasis to the lungs in the presence of IrTMPPS and US irradiation. This report gives a novel idea of metal-based sonosensitizers for sonotherapy by fully taking advantage of non-invasiveness, water solubility, and deep tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shuangling Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yidan Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
Molecular communication across physical barriers requires pores to connect the environments on either side and discriminate between the diffusants. Here we use porous virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage P22 to investigate the range of molecule sizes able to gain access to its interior. Although there are cryo-EM models of the VLP, they may not accurately depict the parameters of the molecules able to pass across the pores due to the dynamic nature of the P22 particles in the solution. After encapsulating the enzyme AdhD within the P22 VLPs, we use a redox reaction involving PAMAM dendrimer modified NADH/NAD+ to examine the size and charge limitations of molecules entering P22. Utilizing the three different accessible morphologies of the P22 particles, we determine the effective pore sizes of each and demonstrate that negatively charged substrates diffuse across more readily when compared to those that are neutral, despite the negatively charge exterior of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin LaFrance
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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31
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Chen H, Yu J, Men X, Zhang J, Ding Z, Jiang Y, Wu C, Chiu DT. Reversible Ratiometric NADH Sensing Using Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12007-12012. [PMID: 33730372 PMCID: PMC8119375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a key coenzyme in living cells due to its role as an electron carrier in redox reactions, and its concentration is an important indicator of cell metabolic state. Abnormal NADH levels are associated with age-related metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, creating a demand for a simple, rapid analytical method for point-of-care NADH sensing. Here we develop a series of NADH-sensitive semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as nanoprobes for NADH measurement, and test their performance in vitro and in vivo. NADH sensing is based on electron transfer from semiconducting polymer chains in the Pdot to NADH upon UV excitation, quenching Pdot fluorescence emission. In polyfluorene-based Pdots, this mechanism resulted in an on-off NADH sensor; in DPA-CNPPV Pdots, UV excitation resulted in NADH-sensitive emission at two wavelengths, enabling ratiometric detection. Ratiometric NADH detection using DPA-CNPPV Pdots exhibits high sensitivity (3.1 μM limit of detection), excellent selectivity versus other analytes, reversibility, and a fast response (less than 5 s). We demonstrate applications of the ratiometric NADH-sensing Pdots including smartphone-based NADH imaging for point-of-care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Plapp BV, Subramanian R. Alternative binding modes in abortive NADH-alcohol complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108825. [PMID: 33675814 PMCID: PMC7980771 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes typically have high specificity for their substrates, but the structures of substrates and products differ, and multiple modes of binding are observed. In this study, high resolution X-ray crystallography of complexes with NADH and alcohols show alternative modes of binding in the active site. Enzyme crystallized with the good substrates NAD+ and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol was found to be an abortive complex of NADH with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol rotated to a "non-productive" mode as compared to the structures that resemble reactive Michaelis complexes with NAD+ and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol. The NADH is formed by reduction of the NAD+ with the alcohol during the crystallization. The same structure was also formed by directly crystallizing the enzyme with NADH and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol. Crystals prepared with NAD+ and 4-bromobenzyl alcohol also form the abortive complex with NADH. Surprisingly, crystals prepared with NAD+ and the strong inhibitor 1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol also had NADH, and the alcohol was bound in two different conformations that illustrate binding flexibility. Oxidation of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol during the crystallization apparently led to reduction of the NAD+. Kinetic studies show that high concentrations of alcohols can bind to the enzyme-NADH complex and activate or inhibit the enzyme. Together with previous studies on complexes with NADH and formamide analogues of the carbonyl substrates, models for the Michaelis complexes with NAD+-alcohol and NADH-aldehyde are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Jo S, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Enzyme-Loaded Nanoreactors Enable the Continuous Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Artificial Metabolisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7728-7734. [PMID: 33427354 PMCID: PMC8048563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme for numerous biocatalytic pathways. While in nature, NAD+ is continuously regenerated from NADH by enzymes, all synthetic NAD+ regeneration strategies require a continuous supply of expensive reagents and generate byproducts, making these strategies unattractive. In contrast, we present an artificial enzyme combination that produces NAD+ from oxygen and water continuously; no additional organic substrates are required once a minimal amount pyruvate is supplied. Three enzymes, i.e., LDH, LOX, and CAT, are covalently encapsulated into a substrate-permeable silica nanoreactor by a mild fluoride-catalyzed sol-gel process. The enzymes retain their activity inside of the nanoreactors and are protected against proteolysis and heat. We successfully used NAD+ from the nanoreactors for the continuous production of NAD+ i) to sense glucose in artificial glucose metabolism, and ii) to reduce the non-oxygen binding methemoglobin to oxygen-binding hemoglobin. This latter conversion might be used for the treatment of Methemoglobinemia. We believe that this versatile tool will allow the design of artificial NAD+ -dependent metabolisms or NAD+ -mediated redox-reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Min Jo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry GroupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversiteit TwentePO Box 2177500AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
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Ottone C, Pugliese D, Laurenti M, Hernández S, Cauda V, Grez P, Wilson L. ZnO Materials as Effective Anodes for the Photoelectrochemical Regeneration of Enzymatically Active NAD . ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10719-10727. [PMID: 33645209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the study of ZnO-based anodes for the photoelectrochemical regeneration of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The latter is the most important coenzyme for dehydrogenases. However, the high costs of NAD+ limit the use of such enzymes at the industrial level. The influence of the ZnO morphologies (flower-like, porous film, and nanowires), showing different surface area and crystallinity, was studied. The detection of diluted solutions (0.1 mM) of the reduced form of the coenzyme (NADH) was accomplished by the flower-like and the porous films, whereas concentrations greater than 20 mM were needed for the detection of NADH with nanowire-shaped ZnO-based electrodes. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was reduced at increasing concentrations of NAD+ because part of the ultraviolet irradiation was absorbed by the coenzyme, reducing the photons available for the ZnO material. The higher electrochemical surface area of the flower-like film makes it suitable for the regeneration reaction. The illumination of the electrodes led to a significant increase on the NAD+ regeneration with respect to both the electrochemical oxidation in dark and the only photochemical reaction. The tests with formate dehydrogenase demonstrated that 94% of the regenerated NAD+ was enzymatically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, 2340000 Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Diego Pugliese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Simelys Hernández
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Paula Grez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, 2340000 Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, 2340000 Valparaiso, Chile
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Lim K, Lee YS, Simoska O, Dong F, Sima M, Stewart RJ, Minteer SD. Rapid Entrapment of Phenazine Ethosulfate within a Polyelectrolyte Complex on Electrodes for Efficient NAD + Regeneration in Mediated NAD +-Dependent Bioelectrocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10942-10951. [PMID: 33646753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the designs of redox polymers have become critical to the field of mediated bioelectrocatalysis and are used in commercial glucose biosensors, as well as other bioelectrochemical applications (e.g., energy harvesting). These polymers are specifically used to immobilize redox mediators on electrode surfaces, allowing for self-exchange-based conduction of electrons from enzymes far from the electrode to the electrode surface. However, the synthesis of redox polymers is challenging and results in large batch-to-batch variability. Herein, we report a rapid entrapment of mediators for NAD+-dependent bioelectrocatalysis within reverse ionically condensed polyelectrolytes. A high ionic strength aqueous solution of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, composed of cationic polyguanidinium (PG) chloride and anionic sodium hexametaphosphate (P6), undergoes phase inversion into a solid microporous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) when introduced into a low ionic strength aqueous solution. The ionic strength-triggered phase inversion of PGP6 solutions was investigated as a means to entrap mediators on the surface of electrodes for mediated bioelectrocatalysis. Compared to the traditional cross-linked immobilizations using redox polymers, this phase inversion takes place within seconds and requires up to 60 min for complete stabilization. In this work, redox mediator phenazine ethosulfate (PES) was entrapped within PGP6 on electrode surfaces for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent bioelectrocatalysis. In the bulk solution, NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of the substrate while reducing NAD to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The resulting NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ by the entrapped PES that gets reduced on the electrode, completing the NAD+-regeneration-based bioelectrocatalysis. To show the use of these new materials in an application, biofuel cells were evaluated using four different anodic enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate hydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, and glucose dehydrogenase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Teanphonkrang S, Suginta W, Sucharitakul J, Fukamizo T, Chaiyen P, Schulte A. An electrochemical method for detecting the biomarker 4-HPA by allosteric activation of Acinetobacterbaumannii reductase C1 subunit. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100467. [PMID: 33639166 PMCID: PMC8027283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1 (reductase) subunit of 4-hydroxy-phenylacetate (4-HPA) 3-hydroxylase (HPAH) from the soil-based bacterium Acinetobacterbaumannii catalyzes NADH oxidation by molecular oxygen, with hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. 4-HPA is a potent allosteric modulator of C1, but also a known urinary biomarker for intestinal bacterial imbalance and for some cancers and brain defects. We thus envisioned that C1 could be used to facilitate 4-HPA detection. The proposed test protocol is simple and in situ and involves addition of NADH to C1 in solution, with or without 4-HPA, and direct acquisition of the H2O2 current with an immersed Prussian Blue–coated screen-printed electrode (PB-SPE) assembly. We confirmed that cathodic H2O2 amperometry at PB-SPEs is a reliable electrochemical assay for intrinsic and allosterically modulated redox enzyme activity. We further validated this approach for quantitative NADH electroanalysis and used it to evaluate the activation of NADH oxidation of C1 by 4-HPA and four other phenols. Using 4-HPA, the most potent effector, allosteric activation of C1 was related to effector concentration by a simple saturation function. The use of C1 for cathodic biosensor analysis of 4-HPA is the basis of the development of a simple and affordable clinical routine for assaying 4-HPA in the urine of patients with a related disease risk. Extension of this principle to work with other allosteric redox enzymes and their effectors is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somjai Teanphonkrang
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand; School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, The Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand; School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, The Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Vatta M, Lyons B, Heney KA, Lidster T, Merrill AR. Mapping the DNA-Binding Motif of Scabin Toxin, a Guanine Modifying Enzyme from Streptomyces scabies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010055. [PMID: 33450958 PMCID: PMC7828395 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabin is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin/enzyme and possible virulence factor produced by the agriculture pathogen, Streptomyces scabies. Recently, molecular dynamic approaches and MD simulations revealed its interaction with both NAD+ and DNA substrates. An Essential Dynamics Analysis identified a crab-claw-like mechanism, including coupled changes in the exposed motifs, and the Rβ1-RLa-NLc-STTβ2-WPN-WARTT-(QxE)ARTT sequence motif was proposed as a catalytic signature of the Pierisin family of DNA-acting toxins. A new fluorescence assay was devised to measure the kinetics for both RNA and DNA substrates. Several protein variants were prepared to probe the Scabin-NAD-DNA molecular model and to reveal the reaction mechanism for the transfer of ADP-ribose to the guanine base in the DNA substrate. The results revealed that there are several lysine and arginine residues in Scabin that are important for binding the DNA substrate; also, key residues such as Asn110 in the mechanism of ADP-ribose transfer to the guanine base were identified. The DNA-binding residues are shared with ScARP from Streptomyces coelicolor but are not conserved with Pierisin-1, suggesting that the modification of guanine bases by ADP-ribosyltransferases is divergent even in the Pierisin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Vatta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Bronwyn Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Kayla A. Heney
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Taylor Lidster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - A. Rod Merrill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-519-837-1802
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Panchapakesan SSS, Corey L, Malkowski SN, Higgs G, Breaker RR. A second riboswitch class for the enzyme cofactor NAD . RNA 2021; 27:99-105. [PMID: 33087526 PMCID: PMC7749635 DOI: 10.1261/rna.077891.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial noncoding RNA motif almost exclusively associated with pnuC genes was uncovered using comparative sequence analysis. Some PnuC proteins are known to transport nicotinamide riboside (NR), which is a component of the ubiquitous and abundant enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Thus, we speculated that the newly found "pnuC motif" RNAs might function as aptamers for a novel class of NAD+-sensing riboswitches. RNA constructs that encompass the conserved nucleotides and secondary structure features that define the motif indeed selectively bind NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NR. Mutations that disrupt strictly conserved nucleotides of the aptamer also disrupt ligand binding. These bioinformatic and biochemical findings indicate that pnuC motif RNAs are likely members of a second riboswitch class that regulates gene expression in response to NAD+ binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanker S S Panchapakesan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Sarah N Malkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Gadareth Higgs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
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Miller R, Wentzel AR, Richards GA. COVID-19: NAD + deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110044. [PMID: 32758884 PMCID: PMC7322475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 hyperinflammatory response is associated with high mortality. This hypothesis suggests that a deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be the primary factor related to the SARS-Cov-2 disease spectrum and the risk for mortality, as subclinical nutritional deficiencies may be unmasked by any significant increase in oxidative stress. NAD+ levels decline with age and are also reduced in conditions associated with oxidative stress as occurs with hypertension, diabetes and obesity. These groups have also been observed to have high mortality following infection with COVID-19. Further consumption of NAD+ in a pre-existent depleted state is more likely to cause progression to the hyperinflammatory stage of the disease through its limiting effects on the production of SIRT1. This provides a unifying hypothesis as to why these groups are at high risk of mortality and suggests that nutritional support with NAD+ and SIRT1 activators, could minimise disease severity if administered prophylactically and or therapeutically. The significance of this, if proven, has far-reaching consequences in the management of COVID-19 especially in third world countries, where resources and finances are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Miller
- Telluraves Aerospace, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A R Wentzel
- Consultant Anaesthesiologist, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - G A Richards
- Emeritus Professor Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Madern JM, Kim RQ, Misra M, Dikic I, Zhang Y, Ovaa H, Codée JDC, Filippov DV, van der Heden van Noort GJ. Synthesis of Stable NAD + Mimics as Inhibitors for the Legionella pneumophila Phosphoribosyl Ubiquitylating Enzyme SdeC. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2903-2907. [PMID: 32421893 PMCID: PMC7687180 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stable NAD+ analogues carrying single atom substitutions in either the furanose ring or the nicotinamide part have proven their value as inhibitors for NAD+ -consuming enzymes. To investigate the potential of such compounds to inhibit the adenosine diphosphate ribosyl (ADPr) transferase activity of the Legionella SdeC enzyme, we prepared three NAD+ analogues, namely carbanicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (c-NAD+ ), thionicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (S-NAD+ ) and benzamide adenosine dinucleotide (BAD). We optimized the chemical synthesis of thionicotinamide riboside and for the first time used an enzymatic approach to convert all three ribosides into the corresponding NAD+ mimics. We thus expanded the known scope of substrates for the NRK1/NMNAT1 enzyme combination by turning all three modified ribosides into NAD+ analogues in a scalable manner. We then compared the three NAD+ mimics side-by-side in a single assay for enzyme inhibition on Legionella effector enzyme SdeC. The class of SidE enzymes to which SdeC belongs was recently identified to be important in bacterial virulence, and we found SdeC to be inhibited by S-NAD+ and BAD with IC50 values of 28 and 39 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerre M. Madern
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q. Kim
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CentreEinthovenweg 202333 ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Mohit Misra
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Faculty of MedicineTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg CampusMax-von-Laue-Strasse 1560438Frankfurt amMainGermany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Faculty of MedicineTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg CampusMax-von-Laue-Strasse 1560438Frankfurt amMainGermany
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Southern California1985 Zonal AvenueLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CentreEinthovenweg 202333 ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Fawibe KB, Azmanova M, Rafols L, Pitto-Barry A, Eke UB, Barry NPE. Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Catalytically Active Indole-Based Half-Sandwich Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4540. [PMID: 33022980 PMCID: PMC7583056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of four indole-based half-sandwich metal complexes towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. Although capable of inducing catalytic oxidation of NADH and able to reduce NAD+ with high turnover frequencies, in cells and in the presence of sodium formate, these complexes also strongly interact with biomolecules such as glutathione. This work highlights that efficient out-of-cells catalytic activity might lead to higher reactivity towards biomolecules, thus inhibiting the in-cells catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan J. Soldevila-Barreda
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Kehinde B. Fawibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Laia Rafols
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Uche B. Eke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
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Xu J, Yu H, Chen X, Liu L, Zhang W. Accelerated Green Process of 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine Production from Glucose by Genetically Modified Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2576-2587. [PMID: 32841563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) is an indispensable additive for flavoring in the food industry and an important substrate for producing hypoglycemic and antilipolytic drugs. However, 2,5-DMP is produced by chemical synthesis in industry. Herein, a "green" strategy to produce 2,5-DMP has been reported for the first time. To do this, we rewrote the de novo 2,5-DMP biosynthesis pathway and substrate transmembrane transport in an l-threonine high-yielding strain to promote highly efficient 2,5-DMP production from glucose by submerged fermentation. The final strain T6-47-7 could produce 1.43 ± 0.07 g/L of 2,5-DMP with a carbon yield of 6.78% and productivity of 0.715 g/(L·d) in shake-flask fermentation using a phase-wise manner of hypoxia-inducible expression. The design-based strategy for constructing the 2,5-DMP high-yielding strain reported here could serve as a general concept for breeding high-yielding strains that produce some other type of alkylpyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Azmi L, Bragginton EC, Cadby IT, Byron O, Roe AJ, Lovering AL, Gabrielsen M. High-resolution structure of the alcohol dehydrogenase domain of the bifunctional bacterial enzyme AdhE. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:414-421. [PMID: 32880589 PMCID: PMC7470043 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase (AdhE) comprises both an N-terminal aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) and a C-terminal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In vivo, full-length AdhE oligomerizes into long oligomers known as spirosomes. However, structural analysis of AdhE is challenging owing to the heterogeneity of the spirosomes. Therefore, the domains of AdhE are best characterized separately. Here, the structure of ADH from the pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was determined to 1.65 Å resolution. The dimeric crystal structure was confirmed in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyana Azmi
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eilis C Bragginton
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian T Cadby
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Olwyn Byron
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Roe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Lovering
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mads Gabrielsen
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Liu MR, Yao YC, Bostrom IK, Wang YD, Chen AQ, Li JX, Gu SH, Ji CN. Characterization and structure of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase type 1 from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:406-413. [PMID: 32880588 PMCID: PMC7470045 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Here, the full-length GAPDH type 1 from Escherichia coli (EcGAPDH1) was cloned and overexpressed, and the protein was purified. Biochemical analyses found that the optimum reaction temperature and pH of EcGAPDH1 were 55°C and 10.0, respectively. The protein has a certain amount of thermostability. Crystals of EcGAPDH1 were obtained using the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion technique and X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.88 Å resolution. Characterization of the crystals showed that they belonged to space group P41212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 89.651, c = 341.007 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The structure of EcGAPDH1 contains four subunits, each of which includes an N-terminal NAD+-binding domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain. Analysis of the NAD+-bound form showed some differences between the structures of EcGAPDH1 and human GAPDH. As EcGAPDH1 shares 100% identity with GAPDH from Shigella sonnei, its structure may help in finding a drug for the treatment of shigellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - M. R. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. C. Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - I. K. Bostrom
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Y. D. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - A. Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - J. X. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - S. H. Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - C. N. Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
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Huang SP, Zhou LC, Wen B, Wang P, Zhu GP. Biochemical Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Novel NAD +-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165915. [PMID: 32824636 PMCID: PMC7460673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum originated from a series of secondary symbiotic events and has been used as a model organism for studying diatom biology. A novel type II homodimeric isocitrate dehydrogenase from P. tricornutum (PtIDH1) was expressed, purified, and identified in detail through enzymatic characterization. Kinetic analysis showed that PtIDH1 is NAD+-dependent and has no detectable activity with NADP+. The catalytic efficiency of PtIDH1 for NAD+ is 0.16 μM-1·s-1 and 0.09 μM-1·s-1 in the presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+, respectively. Unlike other bacterial homodimeric NAD-IDHs, PtIDH1 activity was allosterically regulated by the isocitrate. Furthermore, the dimeric structure of PtIDH1 was determined at 2.8 Å resolution, and each subunit was resolved into four domains, similar to the eukaryotic homodimeric NADP-IDH in the type II subfamily. Interestingly, a unique and novel C-terminal EF-hand domain was first defined in PtIDH1. Deletion of this domain disrupted the intact dimeric structure and activity. Mutation of the four Ca2+-binding sites in the EF-hand significantly reduced the calcium tolerance of PtIDH1. Thus, we suggest that the EF-hand domain could be involved in the dimerization and Ca2+-coordination of PtIDH1. The current report, on the first structure of type II eukaryotic NAD-IDH, provides new information for further investigation of the evolution of the IDH family.
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Rodriguez Buitrago JA, Klünemann T, Blankenfeldt W, Schallmey A. Expression, purification and crystal structure determination of a ferredoxin reductase from the actinobacterium Thermobifida fusca. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:334-340. [PMID: 32744244 PMCID: PMC7397466 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x2000922x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferredoxin reductase FdR9 from Thermobifida fusca, a member of the oxygenase-coupled NADH-dependent ferredoxin reductase (FNR) family, catalyses electron transfer from NADH to its physiological electron acceptor ferredoxin. It forms part of a putative three-component cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system in T. fusca comprising CYP222A1 and the [3Fe-4S]-cluster ferredoxin Fdx8 as well as FdR9. Here, FdR9 was overexpressed and purified and its crystal structure was determined at 1.9 Å resolution. The overall structure of FdR9 is similar to those of other members of the FNR family and is composed of an FAD-binding domain, an NAD-binding domain and a C-terminal domain. Activity measurements with FdR9 confirmed a strong preference for NADH as the cofactor. Comparison of the FAD- and NAD-binding domains of FdR9 with those of other ferredoxin reductases revealed the presence of conserved sequence motifs in the FAD-binding domain as well as several highly conserved residues involved in FAD and NAD cofactor binding. Moreover, the NAD-binding site of FdR9 contains a modified Rossmann-fold motif, GxSxxS, instead of the classical GxGxxG motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Alexander Rodriguez Buitrago
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Klünemann
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anett Schallmey
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kulikova VA, Nikiforov AA. Role of NUDIX Hydrolases in NAD and ADP-Ribose Metabolism in Mammals. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2020; 85:883-894. [PMID: 33045949 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the NUDIX hydrolase (NUDT) superfamily that cleave organic pyrophosphates are found in all classes of organisms, from archaea and bacteria to higher eukaryotes. In mammals, NUDTs exhibit a wide range of functions and are characterized by different substrate specificity and intracellular localization. They control the concentration of various metabolites in the cell, including key regulatory molecules such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), ADP-ribose, and their derivatives. In this review, we discuss the role of NUDT proteins in the metabolism of NAD and ADP-ribose in human and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kulikova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia.
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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Chen M, Gai Z, Okada C, Ye Y, Yu J, Yao M. Flexible NAD + Binding in Deoxyhypusine Synthase Reflects the Dynamic Hypusine Modification of Translation Factor IF5A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155509. [PMID: 32752130 PMCID: PMC7432094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic and archaeal translation factor IF5A requires a post-translational hypusine modification, which is catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) at a single lysine residue of IF5A with NAD+ and spermidine as cofactors, followed by hydroxylation to form hypusine. While human DHS catalyzed reactions have been well characterized, the mechanism of the hypusination of archaeal IF5A by DHS is not clear. Here we report a DHS structure from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 (PhoDHS) at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure reveals two states in a single functional unit (tetramer): two NAD+-bound monomers with the NAD+ and spermidine binding sites observed in multi-conformations (closed and open), and two NAD+-free monomers. The dynamic loop region V288–P299, in the vicinity of the active site, adopts different positions in the closed and open conformations and is disordered when NAD+ is absent. Combined with NAD+ binding analysis, it is clear that PhoDHS can exist in three states: apo, PhoDHS-2 equiv NAD+, and PhoDHS-4 equiv NAD+, which are affected by the NAD+ concentration. Our results demonstrate the dynamic structure of PhoDHS at the NAD+ and spermidine binding site, with conformational changes that may be the response to the local NAD+ concentration, and thus fine-tune the regulation of the translation process via the hypusine modification of IF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Chen
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zuoqi Gai
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chiaki Okada
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuxin Ye
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Yu
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Min Yao
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (M.C.); (Z.G.); (C.O.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-11-706-4481
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49
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Sharma S, Grudzien-Nogalska E, Hamilton K, Jiao X, Yang J, Tong L, Kiledjian M. Mammalian Nudix proteins cleave nucleotide metabolite caps on RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6788-6798. [PMID: 32432673 PMCID: PMC7337524 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-capped RNAs in mammalian cells and a role for DXO and the Nudix hydrolase Nudt12 in decapping NAD-capped RNAs (deNADding) in cells. Analysis of 5'caps has revealed that in addition to NAD, mammalian RNAs also contain other metabolite caps including flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and dephosphoCoA (dpCoA). In the present study we systematically screened all mammalian Nudix proteins for their potential deNADing, FAD cap decapping (deFADding) and dpCoA cap decapping (deCoAping) activity. We demonstrate that Nudt16 is a novel deNADding enzyme in mammalian cells. Additionally, we identified seven Nudix proteins-Nudt2, Nudt7, Nudt8, Nudt12, Nudt15, Nudt16 and Nudt19, to possess deCoAping activity in vitro. Moreover, our screening revealed that both mammalian Nudt2 and Nudt16 hydrolyze FAD-capped RNAs in vitro with Nudt16 regulating levels of FAD-capped RNAs in cells. All decapping activities identified hydrolyze the metabolite cap substrate within the diphosphate linkage. Crystal structure of human Nudt16 in complex with FAD at 2.7 Å resolution provide molecular insights into the binding and metal-coordinated hydrolysis of FAD by Nudt16. In summary, our study identifies novel cellular deNADding and deFADding enzymes and establishes a foundation for the selective functionality of the Nudix decapping enzymes on non-canonical metabolite caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ewa Grudzien-Nogalska
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Keith Hamilton
- Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xinfu Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Megerditch Kiledjian
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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50
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular energy currency, is essential for life. The ability to provide a constant supply of ATP is therefore crucial for the construction of artificial cells in synthetic biology. Here, we describe the bottom-up assembly and characterization of a minimal respiratory system that uses NADH as a fuel to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and is thus capable of sustaining both upstream metabolic processes that rely on NAD+, and downstream energy-demanding processes that are powered by ATP hydrolysis. A detergent-mediated approach was used to co-reconstitute respiratory mitochondrial complex I and an F-type ATP synthase into nanosized liposomes. Addition of the alternative oxidase to the resulting proteoliposomes produced a minimal artificial "organelle" that reproduces the energy-converting catalytic reactions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: NADH oxidation, ubiquinone cycling, oxygen reduction, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that our nanovesicles are capable of using an NAD+-linked substrate to drive cell-free protein expression. Our nanovesicles are both efficient and durable and may be applied to sustain artificial cells in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Biner
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Justin G Fedor
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Zhan Yin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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