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Zhao Z, Kim J, Suja VC, Kapate N, Gao Y, Guo J, Muzykantov VR, Mitragotri S. Red Blood Cell Anchoring Enables Targeted Transduction and Re-Administration of AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201293. [PMID: 35780495 PMCID: PMC9404386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising therapeutic modality for curing many diseases including monogenic diseases. However, limited tissue-targeting and restricted re-administration due to the vector immunogenicity largely restrict its therapeutic potential. Here, using a red blood cell (RBC) as the carrier vehicle for AAV is demonstrated to improve its tissue-targeted transduction and enable its re-administration. Anchoring AAV to the RBC surface minimally affected its infectability toward endothelial cells. Meanwhile, AAV anchored onto RBCs is predominantly delivered to and shows efficient transduction in the lungs by virtue of the biophysical features of RBCs. RBC-anchored AAVs lead to a four- to five-fold enhancement in target gene expression in the lungsas compared to free AAVs following a single- or dual-dosing regimen. While RBC anchoring does not prevent the induction of adaptive immune responses against AAV, it results in successful transgene expression upon re-administration following prior AAV exposure. The ability to re-administer is partially attributed to the delayed and reduced AAV neutralization by neutralizing antibodies, resulting from the combination of limited exposure of physically confined AAVs and the short time required to reach the lungs. This study's findings suggest that the RBC-mediated approach is a promising strategy for repetitive, targeted AAV gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Present address:
Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Vinny Chandran Suja
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Junling Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and NanomedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
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Glassman PM, Villa CH, Marcos-Contreras OA, Hood ED, Walsh LR, Greineder CF, Myerson JW, Shuvaeva T, Puentes L, Brenner JS, Siegel DL, Muzykantov VR. Targeted In Vivo Loading of Red Blood Cells Markedly Prolongs Nanocarrier Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1286-1294. [PMID: 35710322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Engineering drug delivery systems for prolonged pharmacokinetics (PK) has been an ongoing pursuit for nearly 50 years. The gold standard for PK enhancement is the coating of nanoparticles with polymers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEGylation), which has been applied in several clinically used products. In the present work, we utilize the longest circulating and most abundant component of blood─the erythrocyte─to improve the PK behavior of liposomes. Antibody-mediated coupling of liposomes to erythrocytes was tested in vitro to identify a loading dose that did not adversely impact the carrier cells. Injection of erythrocyte targeting liposomes into mice resulted in a ∼2-fold improvement in the area under the blood concentration versus time profile versus PEGylated liposomes and a redistribution from the plasma into the cellular fraction of blood. These results suggest that in vivo targeting of erythrocytes is a viable strategy to improve liposome PK relative to current, clinically viable strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Landis R Walsh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tea Shuvaeva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Laura Puentes
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Wang C, Wang M, Zhang Y, Jia H, Chen B. Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-modified red blood cells for drug delivery: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:324-331. [PMID: 35582403 PMCID: PMC9091773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are an excellent choice for cell preparation research because of their biocompatibility, high drug loading, and long half-life. In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated with RBCs as the carrier. The biotin-avidin system binding principle was used to modify biotinylated cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) onto RBC surfaces for accurate targeting, high drug loading, and sustained drug release. The RBC drug delivery system (DDS) was characterized, and the concentration of surface sulfur in the energy spectrum was 6.330%. The physical and chemical properties of RBC DDS were as follows: drug content, 0.857 mg/mL; particle size, 3339 nm; potential value, -12.5 mV; and cumulative release rate, 81.35%. There was no significant change in RBC morphology for up to seven days. The results of the targeting and cytotoxicity studies of RBC DDS showed that many RBCs covered the surfaces of U251 cells, and the fluorescence intensity was higher than that of MCF-7 cells. The IC50 value of unmodified drug-loaded RBCs was 2.5 times higher than that of targeted modified drug-loaded RBCs, indicating that the targeting of cancer cells produced satisfactory inhibition. This study confirms that the RBC DDS has the characteristics of accurate targeting, high drug loading, and slow drug release, which increases its likelihood of becoming a clinical cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Hongxin Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, China
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Glassman PM, Hood ED, Ferguson LT, Zhao Z, Siegel DL, Mitragotri S, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Red blood cells: The metamorphosis of a neglected carrier into the natural mothership for artificial nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113992. [PMID: 34597748 PMCID: PMC8556370 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery research pursues many types of carriers including proteins and other macromolecules, natural and synthetic polymeric structures, nanocarriers of diverse compositions and cells. In particular, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles represent arguably the most advanced and popular human-made nanocarriers, already in multiple clinical applications. On the other hand, red blood cells (RBCs) represent attractive natural carriers for the vascular route, featuring at least two distinct compartments for loading pharmacological cargoes, namely inner space enclosed by the plasma membrane and the outer surface of this membrane. Historically, studies of liposomal drug delivery systems (DDS) astronomically outnumbered and surpassed the RBC-based DDS. Nevertheless, these two types of carriers have different profile of advantages and disadvantages. Recent studies showed that RBC-based drug carriers indeed may feature unique pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics favorably changing benefit/risk ratio of some cargo agents. Furthermore, RBC carriage cardinally alters behavior and effect of nanocarriers in the bloodstream, so called RBC hitchhiking (RBC-HH). This article represents an attempt for the comparative analysis of liposomal vs RBC drug delivery, culminating with design of hybrid DDSs enabling mutual collaborative advantages such as RBC-HH and camouflaging nanoparticles by RBC membrane. Finally, we discuss the key current challenges faced by these and other RBC-based DDSs including the issue of potential unintended and adverse effect and contingency measures to ameliorate this and other concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Brenner JS, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov VR. Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking: A Novel Approach for Vascular Delivery of Nanocarriers. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:225-248. [PMID: 33788581 PMCID: PMC8277719 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-121219-024239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking is a method of drug delivery that can increase drug concentration in target organs by orders of magnitude. In RBC hitchhiking, drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) are adsorbed onto red blood cells and then injected intravascularly, which causes the NPs to transfer to cells of the capillaries in the downstream organ. RBC hitchhiking has been demonstrated in multiple species and multiple organs. For example, RBC-hitchhiking NPs localized at unprecedented levels in the brain when using intra-arterial catheters, such as those in place immediately after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. RBC hitchhiking has been successfully employed in numerous preclinical models of disease, ranging from pulmonary embolism to cancer metastasis. In addition to summarizing the versatility of RBC hitchhiking, we also describe studies into the surprisingly complex mechanisms of RBC hitchhiking as well as outline future studies to further improve RBC hitchhiking's clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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6
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Rossi L, Fraternale A, Bianchi M, Magnani M. Red Blood Cell Membrane Processing for Biomedical Applications. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1070. [PMID: 31481901 PMCID: PMC6710399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are actually exploited as innovative drug delivery systems with unconventional and convenient properties. Because of a long in vivo survival and a non-random removal from circulation, RBC can be loaded with drugs and/or contrasting agents without affecting these properties and maintaining the original immune competence. However, native or drug-loaded RBC, can be modified decorating the membrane with peptides, antibodies or small chemical entities so favoring the targeting of the processed RBC to specific cells or organs. Convenient modifications have been exploited to induce immune tolerance or immunogenicity, to deliver antibodies capable of targeting other cells, and to deliver a number of constructs that can recognize circulating pathogens or toxins. The methods used to induce membrane processing useful for biomedical applications include the use of crosslinking agents and bifunctional antibodies, biotinylation and membrane insertion. Another approach includes the expression of engineered membrane proteins upon ex vivo transfection of immature erythroid precursors with lentiviral vectors, followed by in vitro expansion and differentiation into mature erythrocytes before administration to a patient in need. Several applications have now reached the clinic and a couple of companies that take advantage from these properties of RBC are already in Phase 3 with selected applications. The peculiar properties of the RBC and the active research in this field by a number of qualified investigators, have opened new exciting perspectives on the use of RBC as carriers of drugs or as cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.,EryDel SpA, Bresso, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.,EryDel SpA, Bresso, Italy
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Villa CH, Pan DC, Zaitsev S, Cines DB, Siegel DL, Muzykantov VR. Delivery of drugs bound to erythrocytes: new avenues for an old intravascular carrier. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:795-826. [PMID: 26228773 PMCID: PMC4712023 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, researchers have used erythrocytes for drug delivery of a wide variety of therapeutics in order to improve their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, controlled release and pharmacodynamics. Approaches include encapsulation of drugs within erythrocytes, as well as coupling of drugs onto the red cell surface. This review focuses on the latter approach, and examines the delivery of red blood cell (RBC)-surface-bound anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-microbial agents, as well as RBC carriage of nanoparticles. Herein, we discuss the progress that has been made in surface loading approaches, and address in depth the issues relevant to surface loading of RBC, including intrinsic features of erythrocyte membranes, immune considerations, potential surface targets and techniques for the production of affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sergei Zaitsev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald L Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Muzykantov VR. Drug delivery by red blood cells: vascular carriers designed by mother nature. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:403-27. [PMID: 20192900 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003610633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Vascular delivery of several classes of therapeutic agents may benefit from carriage by red blood cells (RBC), for example, drugs that require delivery into phagocytic cells and those that must act within the vascular lumen. The fact that several protocols of infusion of RBC-encapsulated drugs are now being explored in patients illustrates a high biomedical importance for the field. AREAS COVERED BY THIS REVIEW: Two strategies for RBC drug delivery are discussed: encapsulation into isolated RBC ex vivo followed by infusion in compatible recipients and coupling therapeutics to the surface of RBC. Studies of pharmacokinetics and effects in animal models and in human studies of diverse therapeutic enzymes, antibiotics and other drugs encapsulated in RBC are described and critically analyzed. Coupling to RBC surface of compounds regulating immune response and complement, affinity ligands, polyethylene glycol alleviating immune response to donor RBC and fibrinolytic plasminogen activators are described. Also described is a new, translation-prone approach for RBC drug delivery by injection of therapeutics conjugated with fragments of antibodies providing safe anchoring of cargoes to circulating RBC, without need for ex vivo modification and infusion of RBC. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will gain historical perspective, current status, challenges and perspectives of medical applications of RBC for drug delivery. TAKE HOME MESSAGE RBC represent naturally designed carriers for intravascular drug delivery, characterized by unique longevity in the bloodstream, biocompatibility and safe physiological mechanisms for metabolism. New approaches for encapsulating drugs into RBC and coupling to RBC surface provide promising avenues for safe and widely useful improvement of drug delivery in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Muzykantov
- University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Program in Targeted Therapeutics of Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, IFEM, One John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6068, USA.
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Muzykantov VR, Zaltsman AB, Smirnov MD, Samokhin GP, Morgan BP. Target-sensitive immunoerythrocytes: interaction of biotinylated red blood cells with immobilized avidin induces their lysis by complement. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1279:137-43. [PMID: 8603079 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) coated with antibody (immunoerythrocytes) may be useful for drug targeting. Previously we have developed a methodology for avidin (streptavidin)-mediated attachment of biotinylated antibodies (b-Ab) to biotinylated RBC (B-RBC). We have observed that binding of avidin to B-RBC in suspension leads to their complement-mediated lysis by autologous serum. In the present work we have studied the interaction of B-RBC, which are not complement susceptible, with immobilized avidin and their consequent susceptibility to lysis by complement. B-RBC adhered tightly to avidin-coated surfaces and were rendered susceptible to lysis by autologous serum. A long biotin ester provided more effective binding of the B-RBC to immobilized avidin and greater lysis by complement, than a short biotin ester. Based on these results, we have hypothesized that targeting of serum-stable drug-loaded B-RBC attained by step-wise administration of b-Ab and streptavidin may provide target-sensitive lysis of B-RBC. To confirm this hypothesis, we have studied b-Ab and streptavidin mediated targeting of B-RBC to immobilized antigen. Step-wise addition of biotinylated antibody, avidin or streptavidin and b-RBC caused specific binding of B-RBC to immobilized antigen and their subsequent lysis by autologous serum. Therefore, our results obtained in an in vitro model demonstrate that B-RBC might be used for targeting and local release of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Muzykantov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian National Cardiology Research Center, Moscow
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10
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Zaltzman AB, Van den Berg CW, Muzykantov VR, Morgan BP. Enhanced complement susceptibility of avidin-biotin-treated human erythrocytes is a consequence of neutralization of the complement regulators CD59 and decay accelerating factor. Biochem J 1995; 307 ( Pt 3):651-6. [PMID: 7537958 PMCID: PMC1136700 DOI: 10.1042/bj3070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biotinylation of erythrocytes (E) followed by avidin cross-linking at specific sites has been suggested as a novel means of drug delivery. Upon avidin cross-linking, biotinylated E become complement-activating and highly susceptible to complement lysis, thus bringing about release of entrapped drug. We set out to examine the mechanisms of this biotin-avidin-induced lytic susceptibility, focusing on the effects of biotinylation and avidin cross-linking on the major E complement regulatory molecules, decay accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59. We demonstrate here that biotinylation of E, which does not render them complement activating, partially inhibits DAF but has little effect on CD59. Subsequent cross-linking with avidin causes complete inhibition of DAF and near complete loss of CD59 activity. Following cross-linking, DAF and CD59 become associated in high molecular mass avidin-containing complexes on the membrane. Incorporation of physiological amounts of CD59 into the membranes of biotinylated and avidin cross-linked E is sufficient to render these cells resistant to complement lysis whereas incorporation of DAF has relatively little effect. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complement susceptibility of biotin-avidin treated E should allow a rational design of strategies for drug delivery using E or other large, potentially complement-activating carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Zaltzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K
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11
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Flynn G, McHale L, McHale AP. Methotrexate-loaded, photosensitized erythrocytes: a photo-activatable carrier/delivery system for use in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 1994; 82:225-9. [PMID: 8050095 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
With a view towards the design of a system incorporating both the use of chemotherapeutics and photodynamic therapy for use in cancer treatment modalities, erythrocytes have been loaded with methotrexate and subsequently photosensitized by exposure to hematoporphyrin derivative. Loading of methotrexate into erythrocytes has been optimized by examining variations in electroporation conditions. Maximum loading indices observed were in the region of 64%. In order to obtain rapid pre-defined release of chemotherapeutic from the system, the erythrocytes were photosensitized. Light-dependent release of methotrexate from the system was examined. In addition, studies measuring the cytotoxic effects of light-activated release from the system using Hela cells as a target, suggested that decreases in cell viability following exposure to light resulted from the combined effects of chemotherapy and photoradiation therapy. Potential applications and advantages associated with this novel system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Flynn
- Department of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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12
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Muzykantov VR, Zalzman AB, Fuki IV, Smirnov MD, Samokhin GP, Romanov YA. Interaction of avidin-carrying red blood cells with nucleated cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1179:148-56. [PMID: 8218357 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90136-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vivo application of red blood cells (RBC) modified with avidin-biotin complex has been suggested recently for various purposes. However, avidin attachment to RBC alters their biocompatibility. Thus, it has been described that avidin-carrying biotinylated RBC were lysed by the complement. In the present work interaction between avidin-carrying RBC and nucleated cells has been examined. It was found that attachment of avidin, but not streptavidin, to RBC led to binding of avidin-carrying RBC to nucleated cells. Adhesiveness of nucleated cells for avidin-carrying RBC varied for different types of nucleated cells. The strongest adhesion was observed with human fibroblasts and rat Kupffer cells, while rat liver endothelial cells were practically non-adhesive for avidin-carrying RBC of corresponding species. In contrast with avidin (streptavidin)-induced lysis by the complement, avidin-induced adhesion was independent of temperature, the presence of divalent ions and mode of avidin attachment. Polyanions (dextran sulphate and heparin) efficiently inhibited the adhesion presumably due to interaction with the membrane-bound avidin. Polyanions to a much lesser extent inhibited lysis of avidin-carrying RBC, which might be a result of their interaction with the complement components. Polycations also blocked adhesion of avidin-carrying RBC to nucleated cells, presumably due to interaction with negatively charged cell-surface components. Therefore, attachment of avidin to RBC alters their biocompatibility, due to both high positive charge of avidin and the cross-linking of biotinylated membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Muzykantov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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