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Carbajo D, Pérez Y, Guerra-Rebollo M, Prats E, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Dynamic Combinatorial Optimization of In Vitro and In Vivo Heparin Antidotes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4865-4877. [PMID: 35235323 PMCID: PMC8958503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Heparin-like macromolecules
are widely used in clinics as anticoagulant,
antiviral, and anticancer drugs. However, the search of heparin antidotes
based on small synthetic molecules to control blood coagulation still
remains a challenging task due to the physicochemical properties of
this anionic polysaccharide. Here, we use a dynamic combinatorial
chemistry approach to optimize heparin binders with submicromolar
affinity. The recognition of heparin by the most amplified members
of the dynamic library has been studied with different experimental
(SPR, fluorescence, NMR) and theoretical approaches, rendering a detailed
interaction model. The enzymatic assays with selected library members
confirm the correlation between the dynamic covalent screening and
the in vitro heparin inhibition. Moreover, both ex vivo and in vivo blood coagulation assays
with mice show that the optimized molecules are potent antidotes with
potential use as heparin reversal drugs. Overall, these results underscore
the power of dynamic combinatorial chemistry targeting complex and
elusive biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Guerra-Rebollo
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarriá (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Carbajo D, Pérez Y, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Live‐Cell‐Templated Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17202-17206. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carbajo
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez
- NMR Facility (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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Carbajo D, Pérez Y, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Live‐Cell‐Templated Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carbajo
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez
- NMR Facility (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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Cheong HY, Groner M, Hong K, Lynch B, Hollingsworth WR, Polonskaya Z, Rhee JK, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Gale AJ, Udit AK. Heparin Binding to an Engineered Virus-like Nanoparticle Antagonist. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4113-4120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Myles Groner
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Brennen Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | | | - Zinaida Polonskaya
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department
of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seou 03760, Korea
| | - Michael M. Baksh
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gale
- Department
of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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5
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Bio-layer interferometry of a multivalent sulfated virus nanoparticle with heparin-like anticoagulant activity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5843-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lipponen K, Liu Y, Stege PW, Öörni K, Kovanen PT, Riekkola ML. Capillary electrochromatography and quartz crystal microbalance, valuable techniques in the study of heparin–lipoprotein interactions. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Köping-Höggård M, Vårum KM, Issa M, Danielsen S, Christensen BE, Stokke BT, Artursson P. Improved chitosan-mediated gene delivery based on easily dissociated chitosan polyplexes of highly defined chitosan oligomers. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1441-52. [PMID: 15269712 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery systems based on conventional high-molecular-weight chitosans are efficient after lung administration in vivo, but have poor physical properties such as aggregated shapes, low solubility at neutral pH, high viscosity at concentrations used for in vivo delivery and a slow dissociation and release of plasmid DNA, resulting in a slow onset of action. We therefore developed highly effective nonviral gene delivery systems with improved physical properties from a series of chitosan oligomers, ranging in molecular weight from 1.2 to 10 kDa. First, we established structure-property relationships with regard to polyplex formation and in vivo efficiency after lung administration to mice. In a second step, we isolated chitosan oligomers from a preferred oligomer fraction to obtain fractions, ranging from 10 to 50-mers, of more homogeneous size distributions with polydispersities ranging from 1.01 to 1.09. Polyplexes based on chitosan oligomers dissociated more easily than those of a high-molecular-weight ultrapure chitosan (UPC, approximately a 1000-mer), and released pDNA in the presence of anionic heparin. The more easily dissociated polyplexes mediated a faster onset of action and gave a higher gene expression both in 293 cells in vitro and after lung administration in vivo as compared to the more stable UPC polyplexes. Already 24 h after intratracheal administration, a 120- to 260-fold higher luciferase gene expression was observed compared to UPC in the mouse lung in vivo. The gene expression in the lung was comparable to that of PEI (respective AUCs of 2756+/-710 and 3320+/-871 pg luciferase x days/mg of total lung protein). In conclusion, a major improvement of chitosan-mediated nonviral gene delivery to the lung was obtained by using polyplexes of well-defined chitosan oligomers. Polyplexes of oligomer fractions also had superior physicochemical properties to commonly used high-molecular-weight UPC.
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Schick BP, Maslow D, Moshinski A, San Antonio JD. Novel concatameric heparin-binding peptides reverse heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant activities in patient plasma in vitro and in rats in vivo. Blood 2004; 103:1356-63. [PMID: 14576044 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Patients given unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis sometimes suffer serious bleeding. We showed previously that peptides containing 3 or more tandem repeats of heparin-binding consensus sequences have high affinity for LMWH and neutralize LMWH (enoxaparin) in vivo in rats and in vitro in citrate. We have now modified the (ARKKAAKA)n tandem repeat peptides by cyclization or by inclusion of hydrophobic tails or cysteines to promote multimerization. These peptides exhibit high-affinity binding to LMWH (dissociation constant [Kd], ≈ 50 nM), similar potencies in neutralizing anti–Factor Xa activity of UFH and enoxaparin added to normal plasma in vitro, and efficacy equivalent to or greater than protamine. Peptide (ARKKAAKA)3VLVLVLVL was most effective in all plasmas from enoxaparin-treated patients, and was 4- to 20-fold more effective than protamine. Several other peptide structures were effective in some patients' plasmas. All high-affinity peptides reversed inhibition of thrombin-induced clot formation by UFH. These peptides (1 mg/300 g rat) neutralized 1 U/mL anti–Factor Xa activity of enoxaparin in rats within 1 to 2 minutes. Direct blood pressure and heart rate measurements showed little or no hemodynamic effect. These heparin-binding peptides, singly or in combination, are potential candidates for clinical reversal of UFH and LMWH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Schick
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Yu WH, Yu S, Meng Q, Brew K, Woessner JF. TIMP-3 binds to sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31226-32. [PMID: 10900194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the four known tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TIMP-3 is distinguished by its tighter binding to the extracellular matrix. The present results show that glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C, and sulfated compounds such as suramin and pentosan efficiently extract TIMP-3 from the postpartum rat uterus. Enzymatic treatment by heparinase III or chondroitinase ABC also releases TIMP-3, but neither one alone gives complete release. Confocal microscopy shows colocalization of heparan sulfate and TIMP-3 in the endometrium subjacent to the lumen of the uterus. Immunostaining of TIMP-3 is lost upon digestion of tissue sections with heparinase III and chondroitinase ABC. The N-terminal domain of human TIMP-3 was expressed and found to bind to heparin with affinity similar to that of full-length mouse TIMP-3. The A and B beta-strands of the N-terminal domain of TIMP-3 contain two potential heparin-binding sequences rich in lysine and arginine; these strands should form a double track on the outer surface of TIMP-3. Synthetic peptides corresponding to segments of these two strands compete for heparin in the DNase II binding assay. TIMP-3 binding may be important for the cellular regulation of activity of the matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
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Reeder JC, Hodder AN, Beeson JG, Brown GV. Identification of glycosaminoglycan binding domains in Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 of a chondroitin sulfate A-adherent parasite. Infect Immun 2000; 68:3923-6. [PMID: 10858204 PMCID: PMC101668 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.7.3923-3926.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta is a key feature of maternal malaria. This process is mediated in part by the parasite ligand P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) at the surface of the infected erythrocyte interacting with the host receptor chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) on the placental lining. We have localized CSA binding activity to two adjacent domains in PfEMP1 of an adherent parasite line and shown the presence of at least three active glycosaminoglycan binding sites. A putative CSA binding sequence was identified in one domain, but nonlinear binding motifs are also likely to be present, since binding activity in the region was shown to be dependent on conformation. Characterization of this binding region provides an opportunity to investigate further its potential as a target for antiadhesion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Reeder
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Yu WH, Woessner JF. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans as extracellular docking molecules for matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7). J Biol Chem 2000; 275:4183-91. [PMID: 10660581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are tightly bound to tissues; matrilysin (MMP-7), although the smallest of the MMPs, is one of the most tightly bound. The most likely docking molecules for MMP-7 are heparan sulfate proteoglycans on or around epithelial cells and in the underlying basement membrane. This is established by extraction experiments and confocal microscopy. The enzyme is extracted from homogenates of postpartum rat uterus by heparin/heparan sulfate and by heparinase III treatment. The enzyme is colocalized with heparan sulfate in the apical region of uterine glandular epithelial cells and can be released by heparinase digestion. Heparan sulfate and MMP-7 are expressed at similar stages of the rat estrous cycle. The strength of heparin binding by recombinant rat proMMP-7 was examined by affinity chromatography, affinity coelectrophoresis, and homogeneous enzyme-based binding assay; the K(D) is 5-10 nM. Zymographic measurement of MMP-7 activity is greatly enhanced by heparin. Two putative heparin-binding peptides have been identified near the C- and N-terminal regions of proMMP-7; however, molecular modeling suggests a more extensive binding track or cradle crossing multiple peptide strands. Evidence is also found for the binding of MMP-2, -9, and -13. Binding of MMP-7 and other MMPs to heparan sulfate in the extracellular space could prevent loss of secreted enzyme, provide a reservoir of latent enzyme, and facilitate cellular sensing and regulation of enzyme levels. Binding to the cell surface could position the enzyme for directed proteolytic attack, for activation of or by other MMPs and for regulation of other cell surface proteins. Dislodging MMPs by treatment with compounds such as heparin might be beneficial in attenuating excessive tissue breakdown such as occurs in cancer metastasis, arthritis, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
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