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Revtovich S, Lyfenko A, Tkachev Y, Kulikova V, Koval V, Puchkov V, Anufrieva N, Solyev P, Morozova E. Anticandidal Activity of In Situ Methionine γ-Lyase-Based Thiosulfinate Generation System vs. Synthetic Thiosulfinates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1695. [PMID: 38139821 PMCID: PMC10748059 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species are a common cause of human mucosal infections, as well as bloodstream infections and deep mycoses. The emergence of resistance of Candida spp. to antifungal drugs used in practice requires the search for new antimycotics. The present study unravels the antifungal potential of the synthetic dialk(en)ylthiosulfinates in comparison with an enzymatic in situ methionine γ-lyase-based thiosulfinate generation system (TGS). The kinetics of the TGS reaction, namely, the methionine γ-lyase-catalyzed β-elimination of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, was investigated via 1H NMR spectroscopy for the first time, revealing fast conversion rates and the efficient production of anticandidal dialk(en)ylthiosulfinates. The anticandidal potential of this system vs. synthetic thiosulfinates was investigated through an in vitro assay. TGS proved to be more effective (MIC range 0.36-1.1 μg/mL) than individual substances (MIC range 0.69-3.31 μg/mL). The tested preparations had an additive effect with the commercial antimycotics fluconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine demonstrating a fractional inhibitory coefficient index in the range of 0.5-2 μg/mL. TGS can be regarded as an attractive candidate for the targeted delivery of antimycotic thiosulfinates and for further implementation onto medically implanted devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pavel Solyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.R.); (A.L.); (Y.T.); (V.K.); (V.K.); (V.P.); (N.A.)
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.R.); (A.L.); (Y.T.); (V.K.); (V.K.); (V.P.); (N.A.)
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2
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Qu Y, Guo L, Hong C, Wan Y, Tuly J, Ma H. Effects of multi-frequency ultrasonic assisted sodium hypochlorite on the cleaning effect and quality of fresh-cut scallion stems. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106613. [PMID: 37774468 PMCID: PMC10561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on fresh-cut scallion stem (FCS) cleaning. Ultrasonic cleaning parameters (frequency mode, frequency amplitude, and the sample to water ratios) were optimized against cleanliness and microbial biomass as evaluation indexes. Under the optimum conditions, the free chlorine residues and quality attributes of FCS were also investigated. The results showed that the cleanliness of FCS improved significantly (p < 0.05) and the total number of microorganisms, especially Escherichia coli, decreased dramatically under the optimized cleaning condition with the simultaneous ultrasound (US) at the sweep frequency (SF) combination of 20 + 28 kHz, the ultrasonic density of 60 W/L, pulse time of 10 s, which indicated that the shelf life of FCS would be extended. Compared to FCS after the 250 ppm NaClO cleaning, the retention of ascorbic acid (AA), color, and texture structure of FCS had no significant difference after ultrasound-assisted NaClO treatment. Meanwhile, the content of allicin increased by 52.5% under ultrasound-assisted cleaning. The integration of US into the cleaning process resulted in a notably reduction of 68% in NaClO concentration, as well as the weight loss and respiration rate (RR) of the scallion stems. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted NaClO cleaning was regarded as a promising and effective approach for cleaning fresh-cut vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chen Hong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuming Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jamila Tuly
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Phytoestrogens decorated nanocapsules for therapeutic methionine γ-lyase targeted delivery. Biochimie 2023; 209:1-9. [PMID: 36646203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main task of targeted therapy is the selective destruction of cancer cells without affecting normal ones. For these purposes, small molecules and antibodies are used that target specific receptors and proteins or block signaling pathways in tumor cells. The natural phytoestrogens daidzein (Dz) and genistein (Gn) possess binding capacity to estrogen receptors (ER). Methionine γ-lyase (MGL) is promising in two strategies of antitumor therapy: for the elimination of l-methionine, which is necessary for the proliferation of tumor cells, and for the production of cytotoxic dialkyl thiosulfinates in situ. For delivery of MGL-loaded nanocapsules (nanoreactors) to the surface of cancer cells a technique for Dz or Gn incorporation into the shell of polyionic vesicles (PICsomes) was developed. The nanoreactors were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The enzyme retained its catalytic efficiency inside the decorated PICsomes. The binding of Dz/Gn-nanoreactors to the surface of ER + MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was demonstrated. For the first time an influence of enzyme-loaded PICsomes and their individual components on embryos development was evaluated. The high rate of blastocysts formation (>80%) was observed for all tested components and nanoreactors themselves. A strong inhibitory effect on the early embryonic development of MGL-loaded PICsomes in the presence of S-alkyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide substrates was showed. This proves that the substrates can freely penetrate through the polymer shell of the polyionic vesicle and are cleaved by MGL to form cytotoxic thiosulfinates. The data obtained for phytoestrogens decorated PICsomes may be applied in enzyme therapy of malignant tumors.
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4
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Abo Qoura L, Morozova E, Kulikova V, Karshieva S, Sokolova D, Koval V, Revtovich S, Demidkina T, Pokrovsky VS. Methionine γ-Lyase-Daidzein in Combination with S-Propyl-L-cysteine Sulfoxide as a Targeted Prodrug Enzyme System for Malignant Solid Tumor Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912048. [PMID: 36233347 PMCID: PMC9569779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the anticancer effect of dipropyl thiosulfinate produced in situ by the pharmacological pair: (1) conjugated with daidzein C115H methionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11, C115H MGL-Dz) and (2) the substrate, S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (propiin) against various solid tumor types in vitro and in vivo. The MTT test was used to calculate IC50 values for HT29, COLO205 and HCT116 (colon cancer); Panc1 and MIA-PaCa2 (pancreatic cancer); and 22Rv1, DU-145 and PC3 (prostate cancer). The most promising effect for colon cancer cells in vitro was observed in HT29 (IC50 = 6.9 µM). The IC50 values for MIA-PaCa2 and Panc1 were 3.4 and 3.8 µM, respectively. Among prostate cancer cells, 22Rv1 was the most sensitive (IC50 = 5.4 µM). In vivo antitumor activity of the pharmacological pair was studied in HT29, SW620, Panc1, MIA-PaCa2 and 22Rv1 subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nude mice. The application of C115H MGL-Dz /propiin demonstrated a significant reduction in the tumor volume of Panc1 (TGI 67%; p = 0.004), MIA-PaCa2 (TGI 50%; p = 0.011), HT29 (TGI 51%; p = 0.04) and 22Rv1 (TGI 70%; p = 0.043) xenografts. The results suggest that the combination of C115H MGL-Dz/propiin is able to suppress tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and the use of this pharmacological pair can be considered as a new strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Abo Qoura
- Department of Biochemistry, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.S.P.); Tel.: +7-915-143-03-91 (V.S.P.)
| | - Vitalia Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saida Karshieva
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Department of Biochemistry, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.S.P.); Tel.: +7-915-143-03-91 (V.S.P.)
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Marcinkowska MA, Jeleń HH. Role of Sulfur Compounds in Vegetable and Mushroom Aroma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186116. [PMID: 36144849 PMCID: PMC9502545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At the base of the food pyramid is vegetables, which should be consumed most often of all food products, especially in raw and unprocessed form. Vegetables and mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can fulfill various functions in plants, starting from protection against herbivores and being natural insecticides to pro-health functions in human nutrition. Many of these compounds contain sulfur in their structure. From the point of view of food producers, it is extremely important to know that some of them have flavor properties. Volatile sulfur compounds are often potent odorants, and in many vegetables, belonging mainly to Brassicaeae and Allium (Amaryllidaceae), sulfur compounds determine their specific flavor. Interestingly, some of the pathways that form volatile sulfur compounds in vegetables are also found in selected edible mushrooms. The most important odor-active organosulfur compounds can be divided into isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, thiols, sulfides, and polysulfides, as well as others, such as sulfur containing carbonyl compounds and esters, R-L-cysteine sulfoxides, and finally heterocyclic sulfur compounds found in shiitake mushrooms or truffles. This review paper summarizes their precursors and biosynthesis, as well as their sensory properties and changes in selected technological processes.
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6
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Daidzein-directed methionine γ-lyase in enzyme prodrug therapy against breast cancer. Biochimie 2022; 201:177-183. [PMID: 35738490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiosulfinates in situ formed by "pharmacological pair" C115H methionine γ-lyase/S-(allyl/alkyl)-l-cysteine sulfoxides possess cytotoxic activity against various malignant cell lines. To investigate in vivo antitumor activity of thiosulfinates generated directly at the surface of tumor cells, a chemical conjugate between Clostridium novyi C115H methionine γ-lyase (C115H MGL) and isoflavone daidzein was prepared. The binding of conjugate (C115H-Dz) to various breast cancer cell lines was demonstrated, as well as its cytotoxicity in the presence of S-(allyl/alkyl)-l-cysteine sulfoxides. The most promising among thiosulfinates was dipropyl thiosulfinate (IC50 < 0.53 μM). The pharmacokinetic parameters of C115H MGL and C115H-Dz were obtained. Plasma half-lives of the enzyme and conjugated enzyme were 4.4 and 7.2 h, respectively. In vivo antitumor effect of pharmacological pairs on SKBR-3 xenografts was demonstrated. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a pair of C115H-Dz/propiin inhibited tumor growth by 85%.
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7
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Hyslop PA, Chaney MO. Mechanism of GAPDH Redox Signaling by H 2O 2 Activation of a Two-Cysteine Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4604. [PMID: 35562998 PMCID: PMC9102624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 activate pleiotropic signaling pathways is associated with pathophysiological cell fate decisions. Oxidized GAPDH binds chaperone proteins with translocation of the complex to the nucleus and mitochondria initiating autophagy and cellular apoptosis. In this study, we establish the mechanism by which H2O2-oxidized GAPDH subunits undergo a subunit conformational rearrangement. H2O2 oxidizes both the catalytic cysteine and a vicinal cysteine (four residues downstream) to their respective sulfenic acids. A 'two-cysteine switch' is activated, whereby the sulfenic acids irreversibly condense to an intrachain thiosulfinic ester resulting in a major metastable subunit conformational rearrangement. All four subunits of the homotetramer are uniformly and independently oxidized by H2O2, and the oxidized homotetramer is stabilized at low temperatures. Over time, subunits unfold forming disulfide-linked aggregates with the catalytic cysteine oxidized to a sulfinic acid, resulting from thiosulfinic ester hydrolysis via the highly reactive thiosulfonic ester intermediate. Molecular Dynamic Simulations provide additional mechanistic insights linking GAPDH subunit oxidation with generating a putative signaling conformer. The low-temperature stability of the H2O2-oxidized subunit conformer provides an operable framework to study mechanisms associated with gain-of-function activities of oxidized GAPDH to identify novel targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Hyslop
- Arkley Research Labs, Arkley BioTek, LLC, 4444 Decatur Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46241, USA
| | - Michael O. Chaney
- Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA;
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8
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Li J, Dadmohammadi Y, Abbaspourrad A. Flavor components, precursors, formation mechanisms, production and characterization methods: garlic, onion, and chili pepper flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8265-8287. [PMID: 34028311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1926906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an enormous demand in the food industry to shift toward natural flavors. However, most flavor molecules are significantly unstable outside their original sources. Moreover, limited studies are focused on the flavor formation mechanisms, regeneration methods, and stability, which could help facilitate this replacement by establishing a link between food processing conditions and flavor generation.This scoping review summarizes major findings related to the identification of garlic, onion, and chili pepper flavors and their precursor molecules, formation mechanisms, generation of flavors and precursors, characterization methods, and precursor stability under thermal food processing conditions. The findings confirmed that the allium flavors could be generated by alliin and isoalliin precursors through thermal processing. Also, the literature lacks detailed knowledge about chili pepper flavor's precursors, and only capsaicinoids have been reported as a thermally stable chili pepper flavor.Although numerous studies have focused on this area, there is still a lack of detailed applicable knowledge. Future investigations can be framed into (1) Development of efficient methods to generate flavors during food processing; (2) Improvement of flavors' stability; (3) Understanding the interactions of flavors and their precursors with other food ingredients and additives; and (4) Characterization of the organoleptic properties of flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Younas Dadmohammadi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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9
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Morozova E, Anufrieva N, Koval V, Lesnova E, Kushch A, Timofeeva V, Solovieva A, Kulikova V, Revtovich S, Demidkina T. Conjugates of methionine γ-lyase with polysialic acid: Two approaches to antitumor therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:394-401. [PMID: 33839182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The methionine dependence is a well known phenomenon in metabolism of cancer cells. Methionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11, MGL) catalyzes the γ-elimination reaction of L-methionine and thus could effectively inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Recently we have demonstrated that the mutant form of the enzyme C115H MGL can be used as a component of the pharmacological pair enzyme/S-(allyl/alkyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxides to yield thiosulfinates in situ. Thiosulfinates were shown to be toxic to various cancer cell lines. Therefore the application of the enzyme in enzyme pro-drug therapy may be promising. The conjugates of MGL and C115H MGL with polysialic acid were obtained and their kinetic and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The formation of polysialic shell around the enzyme was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The half-life of conjugated enzymes increased 3-6 times compared to the native enzyme. The cytotoxic effect of conjugated MGL against methionine dependent cancer cell lines was increased two times compared to the values for the native enzymes. The anticancer efficiency of thiosulfinates produced by pharmacological pair C115H MGL/S-(allyl/alkyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxides was demonstrated in vitro. The results indicate that the conjugates of MGL with polysialic acid could be new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - N Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Timofeeva
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Solovieva
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Morozova E, Kulikova V, Koval V, Anufrieva N, Chernukha M, Avetisyan L, Lebedeva L, Medvedeva O, Burmistrov E, Shaginyan I, Revtovich S, Demidkina T. Encapsulated Methionine γ-Lyase: Application in Enzyme Prodrug Therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7782-7786. [PMID: 32309686 PMCID: PMC7160827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading reason for death in cystic fibrosis patients. Therapeutic efficacy of the pharmacological pairs, the naked/encapsulated mutant form of Citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase and the substrates, sulfoxides of S-substituted l-cysteine, generating thiosulfinates, was evaluated on the murine model of experimental sepsis caused by the multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa 203-2 strain. The pairs containing the naked enzyme and substrates did not have antibacterial activity. The treatment of mice with the pair encapsulated enzyme and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide, generating dimethyl thiosulfinate, led to a complete recovery of the animals of the model, with the infecting dose equal to LD50. The pair generating diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin) proved to be less effective. So, the substituents, attached to the thiosulfinate moiety, affect the antibacterial activity of thiosulfinates against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitalia Kulikova
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vasily Koval
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalya Anufrieva
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina Chernukha
- National
Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the
Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Healthcare
Ministry of Russia, Gamalei
st. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Lusine Avetisyan
- National
Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the
Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Healthcare
Ministry of Russia, Gamalei
st. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Lada Lebedeva
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Medvedeva
- National
Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the
Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Healthcare
Ministry of Russia, Gamalei
st. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Egor Burmistrov
- National
Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the
Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Healthcare
Ministry of Russia, Gamalei
st. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Igor Shaginyan
- National
Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the
Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, Healthcare
Ministry of Russia, Gamalei
st. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Svetlana Revtovich
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana Demidkina
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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11
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Morozova EA, Kulikova VV, Anufrieva NV, Minakov AN, Chernov AS, Telegin GB, Revtovich SV, Koval VS, Demidkina TV. Methionine γ-lyase in enzyme prodrug therapy: An improvement of pharmacokinetic parameters of the enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1277-1283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Kinalski T, Noreña CPZ. Effect of spray drying encapsulation of garlic extract on inulin and thiosulfinates contents. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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He Y, Fan GJ, Wu CE, Kou XH, Li TT. Influence of illumination on the greening and relative enzyme activity of garlic puree. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12871. [PMID: 31353726 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Garlic has attracted considerable attention because of its bactericidal and anticancer effects. However, the greening of garlic purees greatly affects the product quality. This study investigated the influence of light colors and power on the greening of garlic, and determined the key substances of garlic puree greening, including γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), thiosulfinate, and alliinase. Results showed that purple light source greatly affects greening power, γ-GT, and thiosulfinate. Illumination using a 3-W power lamp could reduce the production of thiosulfinate and alliinase and inhibit the green transformation reaction. Illumination using a 5-W power lamp greatly affected the thiosulfinate content and greening power, whereas that using a 7-W power lamp greatly influenced the γ-GT activity, porphobilinogen content, and alliinase content. Results showed that the green color of garlic puree is greatly affected by the illumination color and intensity, which provides theoretical support for the anti-greening of light garlic puree. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Because garlic puree easily turns green during processing, which affects the product quality and economic value, this study uses controllable light source radiation to influence the greening of garlic puree, hoping to delay or even solve this problem and provide a new simple method to prevent garlic puree from turning greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gong-Jian Fan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-E Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Huang Z, Zhou Q, Wu W, Wan J, Jiang A. Thermal kinetics of enzyme inactivation, color changes, and allicin degradation of garlic under blanching treatments. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- College of Food ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Food ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Liang Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food SafetyGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou P. R. China
- School of Public HealthSouthern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Institute of Tropical Crops, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Min Jiang
- College of Food ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou P. R. China
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15
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Ma Y, Guo S, Zhao X, Zhao W, Xie L, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang D. Comparison of processing technology on quality of “Laba” garlic products. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1564795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Guo
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Long Xie
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Longda Food Group Co. LTD, Shandong, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Longda Food Group Co. LTD, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
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16
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Alhasan R, Kharma A, Nasim MJ, Abdin AY, Bonetti J, Giummelly P, Ejike CECC, Leroy P, Gaucher C, Jacob C. Flush with a flash: natural three-component antimicrobial combinations based on S-nitrosothiols, controlled superoxide formation and "domino" reactions leading to peroxynitrite. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1994-1999. [PMID: 30647877 PMCID: PMC6301271 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiols are ˙NO releasing agents renowned for vasodilatory and antioxidant properties. O2˙- promotes their decomposition, forming highly aggressive peroxynitrite ions (ONOO-). Since the production of O2˙- can be controlled by enzymes or by visible light, such otherwise harmless components can be turned into effective antimicrobial and nematicidal combinations with numerous potential applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
| | - Ahmad Yaman Abdin
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
| | | | | | - Chukwunonso E C C Ejike
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
- Department of Medical Biochemistry , Alex Ekwueme Federal University , Ndufu-Alike , Ebonyi State , Nigeria
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Université de Lorraine , CITHEFOR , F-54000 Nancy , France
| | | | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany .
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Tao Y, Zhang J, Jiang S, Xu Y, Show PL, Han Y, Ye X, Ye M. Contacting ultrasound enhanced hot-air convective drying of garlic slices: Mass transfer modeling and quality evaluation. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kubec R, Štefanová I, Moos M, Urajová P, Kuzma M, Zápal J. Allithiolanes: Nine Groups of a Newly Discovered Family of Sulfur Compounds Responsible for the Bitter Off-Taste of Processed Onion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8783-8794. [PMID: 30041517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The compounds responsible for the bitter off-taste of processed onion ( Allium cepa) were studied. Using a series of sensory-guided HPLC fractionations, the existence of nine groups of hitherto unknown sulfur compounds has been revealed. On the basis of spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, and IR), it was found that these compounds, trivially named allithiolanes A-I, are members of a large family of structurally closely related derivatives of 3,4-dimethylthiolane S-oxide, with the general formulas of C xH yO2S4, C xH yO3S5, and C xH yO4S6 ( x = 10-18, y = 18-30). The presence of multiple stereoisomers was observed for each group of allithiolanes. Allithiolanes possess an unpleasantly bitter taste with detection thresholds in the range of 15-30 ppm. Formation pathways of these newly discovered sulfur compounds were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kubec
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Štefanová
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Biology Centre , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Petra Urajová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Opatovický mlýn , 379 81 Třeboň , Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , 142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zápal
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , 142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
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Petrou AL, Petrou PL, Ntanos T, Liapis A. A Possible Role for Singlet Oxygen in the Degradation of Various Antioxidants. A Meta-Analysis and Review of Literature Data. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E35. [PMID: 29495515 PMCID: PMC5874521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters Eact, ΔH≠, ΔS≠, and ΔG≠ for various processes involving antioxidants were calculated using literature kinetic data (k, T). The ΔG≠ values of the antioxidants' processes vary in the range 91.27-116.46 kJmol-1 at 310 K. The similarity of the ΔG≠ values (for all of the antioxidants studied) is supported to be an indication that a common mechanism in the above antioxidant processes may be taking place. A value of about 10-30 kJmol-1 is the activation energy for the diffusion of reactants depending on the reaction and the medium. The energy 92 kJmol-1 is needed for the excitation of O₂ from the ground to the first excited state (¹Δg, singlet oxygen). We suggest the same role of the oxidative stress and specifically of singlet oxygen to the processes of antioxidants as in the processes of proteinaceous diseases. We therefore suggest a competition between the various antioxidants and the proteins of proteinaceous diseases in capturing singlet oxygen's empty π* orbital. The concentration of the antioxidants could be a crucial factor for the competition. Also, the structures of the antioxidant molecules play a significant role since the various structures have a different number of regions of high electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athinoula L Petrou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros L Petrou
- Private practice in Cardiology, 6-8 Acheans Street, Nicosia 1101, Cyprus.
| | - Theodoros Ntanos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonis Liapis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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20
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Selected Phyto and Marine Bioactive Compounds: Alternatives for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Kulikova VV, Anufrieva NV, Revtovich SV, Chernov AS, Telegin GB, Morozova EA, Demidkina TV. Mutant form C115H ofClostridium sporogenesmethionine γ-lyase efficiently cleaves S-Alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides to antibacterial thiosulfinates. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:830-5. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia V. Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Natalya V. Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander S. Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Moscow Russia
| | - Georgii B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Moscow Russia
| | - Elena A. Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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22
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Engineered Citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase effectively produces antimicrobial thiosulfinates. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim MK, Choi WY, Lee HY. Enhancement of the neuroprotective activity of Hericium erinaceus mycelium co-cultivated with Allium sativum extract. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:19-25. [PMID: 25354984 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.974618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium enriched with garlic extract (HGE) on rat pheochromocytoma nerve cells (PC12). The survival rates of the PC12 nerve cells and the neurite-bearing cells after the addition of HGE were estimated as 3.5 × 10(3) viable cells/ml and 2.3 × 10(3) viable cells/ml, respectively, which were 50% and 30% higher, respectively, compared with the untreated group. For the in vivo ischemia experiments, after treatment with the HGE extract, the hippocampal CA1 region was more strongly stained (>20%) than the control group, and the HGE extract also promoted higher staining levels than HFB, HM and HGEF, and even the garlic extract. This result indicates that HGE must have neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, HGE greatly decreased p21 gene expression to approximately 70% of the control and decreased p21 gene expression to even lower levels compared with HM, HGEF and the garlic extract. This work suggests that a synergistic effect of the H. erinaceus mycelium and the garlic extract (mainly allicin) exist because the amount of allicin in HGE (5.81 µg/ml) was lower than the garlic extract itself (6.89 µg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Ki Kim
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University , Chungbuk , South Korea
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Morozova EA, Revtovich SV, Anufrieva NV, Kulikova VV, Nikulin AD, Demidkina TV. Alliin is a suicide substrate ofCitrobacter freundiimethionine γ-lyase: structural bases of inactivation of the enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3034-42. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The interaction ofCitrobacter freundiimethionine γ-lyase (MGL) and the mutant form in which Cys115 is replaced by Ala (MGL C115A) with the nonprotein amino acid (2R)-2-amino-3-[(S)-prop-2-enylsulfinyl]propanoic acid (alliin) was investigated. It was found that MGL catalyzes the β-elimination reaction of alliin to form 2-propenethiosulfinate (allicin), pyruvate and ammonia. The β-elimination reaction of alliin is followed by the inactivation and modification of SH groups of the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Three-dimensional structures of inactivated wild-type MGL (iMGL wild type) and a C115A mutant form (iMGL C115A) were determined at 1.85 and 1.45 Å resolution and allowed the identification of the SH groups that were oxidized by allicin. On this basis, the mechanism of the inactivation of MGL by alliin, a new suicide substrate of MGL, is proposed.
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Effect of Blanching Treatments on Antioxidant Activity and Thiosulfinate Degradation of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Golub E, Freeman R, Willner I. Hemin/G-quadruplex-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides: application of the process for the development of sensors and aptasensors and for probing acetylcholine esterase activity. Anal Chem 2013; 85:12126-33. [PMID: 24299064 DOI: 10.1021/ac403305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the novel hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides and the respective mechanism. The mechanism of the reaction involves the DNAzyme-catalyzed oxidation of thiols to disulfides and the thiol-mediated autocatalytic generation of H2O2 from oxygen. The coupling of a concomitant H2O2-mediated hemin/G-quadruplex-catalyzed oxidation of Amplex Red to the fluorescent resorufin as a transduction module provides a fluorescent signal for probing the catalyzed oxidation of the thiol to disulfides and for probing sensing processes that yield the hemin/G-quadruplex as a functional label. Accordingly, a versatile sensing method for analyzing thiols (L-cysteine, glutathione) using the H2O2-mediated DNAzyme-catalyzed oxidation of Amplex Red to the resorufin was developed. Also, the L-cysteine and Amplex Red system was implemented as an auxiliary fluorescent transduction module for probing recognition events that form the catalytic hemin/G-quadruplex structures. This is exemplified with the development of thrombin aptasensor. The thrombin/thrombin binding aptamer recognition complex binds hemin, and the resulting catalytic complex activates the auxiliary transduction module, involving the aerobic oxidation of l-cysteine and the concomitant formation of the fluorescent resorufin. Finally, the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme/Amplex Red system was used to follow the activity of acetylcholine esterase, AChE, and to probe its inhibition. The AChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to the thiol-functionalized thiocholine enabled the probing of the enzymatic activity of AChE through the hemin/G-quadruplex-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of thiocholine to the respective disulfide and the concomitant generation of the fluorescent resorufin product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Golub
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Baradaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Histopathological study of the combination of metformin and garlic juice for the attenuation of gentamicin renal toxicity in rats. J Renal Inj Prev 2013; 2:15-21. [PMID: 25340116 PMCID: PMC4205998 DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2013.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tubular toxicity is one of the most important side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially gentamicin. OBJECTIVES We histopathologically studied the effect of garlic extract and metformin co-administration, in attenuation of genetamicin induced tubular toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study seventy rats were divided into seven equal groups and except group 1 (control) were injected 100 mg/kg/day gentamicin (GM) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 days. Other than GM, group III received 20 mg/kg garlic (i.p.), group IV metformin (MF) (100 mg/kg, orally), group V a combination of MF with garlic juice (100 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively) and group VI a combination of MF and garlic juice (50 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively) for following 10 days. Group VII received a combination of MF and garlic juice (100 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) along with GM. Animals were sacrificed on the 20(th) day of the experiment and the kidneys were removed for histological examinations. RESULTS GM induced nephrotoxicity and garlic or MF alone and a combination of both with high doses (not low doses) significantly abolished the kidney tubular injury induced by GM. In addition, co-administration of GM, MF and garlic (group 7) prevented the GM- induced tissue damage more than the groups in which MF and garlic were injected 10 days post GM administration. CONCLUSION Garlic extract and Metformin, alone or in a combination, might be safely used to ameliorate GM induced tubular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Baradaran
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Mass spectrometric and theoretical studies on dissociation of the SS bond in the allicin: Homolytic cleavage vs heterolytic cleavage. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Li JW, Xia L, Su Y, Liu H, Xia X, Lu Q, Yang C, Reheman K. Molecular imprint of enzyme active site by camel nanobodies: rapid and efficient approach to produce abzymes with alliinase activity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13713-21. [PMID: 22374998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.336370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of inhibitory Ab1 antibodies is a critical step for producing catalytic antibodies in the anti-idiotypic approach. However, the incompatible surface of the active site of the enzyme and the antigen-binding site of heterotetrameric conventional antibodies become the limiting step. Because camelid-derived nanobodies possess the potential to preferentially bind to the active site of enzymes due to their small size and long CDR3, we have developed a novel approach to produce antibodies with alliinase activities by exploiting the molecular mimicry of camel nanobodies. By screening the camelid-derived variable region of the heavy chain cDNA phage display library with alliinase, we obtained an inhibitory nanobody VHHA4 that recognizes the active site. Further screening with VHHA4 from the same variable domain of the heavy chain of a heavy-chain antibody library led to a higher incidence of anti-idiotypic Ab2 abzymes with alliinase activities. One of the abzymes, VHHC10, showed the highest activity that can be inhibited by Ab1 VHHA4 and alliinase competitive inhibitor penicillamine and significantly suppressed the B16 tumor cell growth in the presence of alliin in vitro. The results highlight the feasibility of producing abzymes via anti-idiotypic nanobody approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wei Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Nepravishta R, Sabelli R, Iorio E, Micheli L, Paci M, Melino S. Oxidative species and S-glutathionyl conjugates in the apoptosis induction by allyl thiosulfate. FEBS J 2011; 279:154-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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ANIFANTAKI ELENI, TOULOUPAKIS ELEFTHERIOS, GHANOTAKIS DEMETRIOSF. ALLIINASE IMMOBILIZATION IN CALCIUM ALGINATE BEADS AND LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES MATRICES. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shirzad H, Taji F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Correlation Between Antioxidant Activity of Garlic Extracts and WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Tumor Growth in BALB/c Mice. J Med Food 2011; 14:969-74. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taji
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Wang J, Cao Y, Wang C, Sun B. Low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound accelerates alliinase-catalysed synthesis of allicin in freshly crushed garlic. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1766-1772. [PMID: 21480265 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known chemically and therapeutically active compound allicin is formed in crushed garlic by the interaction of alliin with alliinase. In this study, low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound was employed to accelerate the alliinase-catalysed synthesis of allicin in freshly crushed garlic. RESULTS The optimal conditions for improvement of the alliinase-catalysed synthesis of allicin in freshly crushed garlic were found to be as follows: ultrasound intensity 0.4 W cm⁻², ultrasound frequency 50 kHz, enzymatic reaction temperature 35 °C and reaction time 30 min. Under these conditions the yield of allicin was increased by about 25.2% compared with the control without ultrasound. Alliinase in the freshly crushed garlic was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. The employed ultrasound increased the activity of the purified alliinase by about 42.8%, did not affect the enzyme's temperature optimum and improved its thermal stability. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the activity of alliinase in freshly crushed garlic might be enhanced by low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound, thereby accelerating the alliinase-catalysed conversion of alliin in garlic to allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
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Landino LM, Hagedorn TD, Kim SB, Hogan KM. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by hypochlorous acid and chloramines. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1000-8. [PMID: 21256958 PMCID: PMC3051002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein thiol oxidation and modification by nitric oxide and glutathione are emerging as common mechanisms to regulate protein function and to modify protein structure. Also, thiol oxidation is a probable outcome of cellular oxidative stress and is linked to degenerative disease progression. We assessed the effect of the oxidants hypochlorous acid and chloramines on the cytoskeletal protein tubulin. Total cysteine oxidation by the oxidants was monitored by labeling tubulin with the thiol-selective reagent 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein; by reaction with Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); and by detecting interchain tubulin disulfides by Western blot under nonreducing conditions. Whereas HOCl induced both cysteine and methionine oxidation of tubulin, chloramines were predominantly cysteine oxidants. Cysteine oxidation of tubulin, rather than methionine oxidation, was associated with loss of microtubule polymerization activity, and treatment of oxidized tubulin with disulfide reducing agents restored a considerable portion of the polymerization activity that was lost after oxidation. By comparing the reactivity of hypochlorous acid and chloramines with the previously characterized oxidants, peroxynitrite and the nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt, we have identified tubulin thiol oxidation, not methionine oxidation or tyrosine nitration, as a common outcome responsible for decreased polymerization activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Landino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187–8795, USA.
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Appel E, Rabinkov A, Neeman M, Kohen F, Mirelman D. Conjugates of daidzein-alliinase as a targeted pro-drug enzyme system against ovarian carcinoma. J Drug Target 2010; 19:326-35. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.504265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Younis F, Mirelman D, Rabinkov A, Rosenthal T. S-allyl-mercapto-captopril: a novel compound in the treatment of Cohen-Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive rats. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010; 12:451-5. [PMID: 20591093 PMCID: PMC8673246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-allyl-mercapto-captopril (CPSSA) is a conjugate of captopril with allicin, an active principle in garlic with multiple beneficial actions on metabolic syndrome abnormalities, including weight preservation, observed by the authors in fructose-induced hypertensive hyperinsulinemic rats and in Koletsky rats. The aim of the study was to examine blood pressure (BP) and glucose levels in the Cohen-Rosenthal Diabetic Hypertensive (CRDH) model as well as to follow their weight preservation. CRDH rats (n=14) were fed the sugar-rich copper-free diet essential for the development of diabetes mellitus. Two months later BP and blood glucose levels were measured. CPSSA was diluted in drinking water and administered at a final dose of 53.5 mg/kg/d (n=8). Control rats (n=6) received no drug (vehicle group). In contrast to control group, CPSSA prevented progressive weight gain, without a detectable effect on food and water intake. CPSSA was effective in attenuating systolic and diastolic BP (P<0.01) as well as significantly reducing glucose levels (P<0.01). Control rats continued to gain weight, whereas the groups fed CPSSA did not. CPSSA was shown to have additional beneficial effects on improving BP and glucose level, as well as preserving weight gain. The authors conclude that the combined molecule CPSSA integrates the antihypertensive feature of both allicin and captopril, making it a potential antidiabetic and cardiovascular protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Younis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hypertension Research Unit, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Miron T, Listowsky I, Wilchek M. Reaction mechanisms of allicin and allyl-mixed disulfides with proteins and small thiol molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1912-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Therapy of murine pulmonary aspergillosis with antibody-alliinase conjugates and alliin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:898-906. [PMID: 19949059 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01267-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The high morbidity and mortality rates as well as the poor efficacy of antifungal agents remain major clinical concerns. Allicin (diallyl-dithiosulfinate), which is produced by the garlic enzyme alliinase from the harmless substrate alliin, has been shown to have wide-range antifungal specificity. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against A. fumigatus was produced and chemically ligated to the enzyme alliinase. The purified antibody-alliinase conjugate bound to conidia and hyphae of A. fumigatus at nanomolar concentrations. In the presence of alliin, the conjugate produced cytotoxic allicin molecules, which killed the fungus. In vivo testing of the therapeutical potential of the conjugate was carried out in immunosuppressed mice infected intranasally with conidia of A. fumigatus. Intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of the conjugate and alliin (four treatments) resulted in 80 to 85% animal survival (36 days), with almost complete fungal clearance. Repetitive intratracheal administration of the conjugate and alliin was also effective when treatments were initiated at a more advanced stage of infection (50 h). The fungi were killed specifically without causing damage to the lung tissue or overt discomfort to the animals. Intratracheal instillation of the conjugate without alliin or of the unconjugated monoclonal antibody significantly delayed the death of the infected mice, but only 20% of the animals survived. A limitation of this study is that the demonstration was achieved in a constrained setting. Other routes of drug delivery will be investigated for the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary aspergillosis.
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Allicin enhances the oxidative damage effect of amphotericin B against Candida albicans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Novel derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine: Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activities of S-allylthio-mercaptopurines. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:541-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Weiner L, Shin I, Shimon LJW, Miron T, Wilchek M, Mirelman D, Frolow F, Rabinkov A. Thiol-disulfide organization in alliin lyase (alliinase) from garlic (Allium sativum). Protein Sci 2009; 18:196-205. [PMID: 19177363 PMCID: PMC2708034 DOI: 10.1002/pro.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alliinase, an enzyme found in garlic, catalyzes the synthesis of the well-known chemically and therapeutically active compound allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate). The enzyme is a homodimeric glycoprotein that belongs to the fold-type I family of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. There are 10 cysteine residues per alliinase monomer, eight of which form four disulfide bridges and two are free thiols. Cys368 and Cys376 form a S--S bridge located near the C-terminal and plays an important role in maintaining both the rigidity of the catalytic domain and the substrate-cofactor relative orientation. We demonstrated here that the chemical modification of allinase with the colored --SH reagent N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl) maleimide yielded chromophore-bearing peptides and showed that the Cys220 and Cys350 thiol groups are accesible in solution. Moreover, electron paramagnetic resonance kinetic measurements using disulfide containing a stable nitroxyl biradical showed that the accessibilities of the two --SH groups in Cys220 and Cys350 differ. Neither enzyme activity nor protein structure (measured by circular dichroism) were affected by the chemical modification of the free thiols, indicating that alliinase activity does not require free --SH groups. This allowed the oriented conjugation of alliinase, via the --SH groups, with low- or high-molecular-weight molecules as we showed here. Modification of the alliinase thiols with biotin and their subsequent binding to immobilized streptavidin enabled the efficient enzymatic production of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Weiner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irina Shin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Talia Miron
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meir Wilchek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Mirelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Felix Frolow
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Daniella Rich Institute for Structural Biology, Tel Aviv University69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Rabinkov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Sela U, Brill A, Kalchenko V, Dashevsky O, Hershkoviz R. Allicin inhibits blood vessel growth and downregulates Akt phosphorylation and actin polymerization. Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:412-20. [PMID: 18444176 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701733083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Chung JY, Kim CS. Antioxidant Activities of Domestic Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Stems from Different Areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.8.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ghodrati Azadi H, Ghaffari SM, Riazi GH, Ahmadian S, Vahedi F. Antiproliferative activity of chloroformic extract of Persian Shallot, Allium hirtifolium, on tumor cell lines. Cytotechnology 2008; 56:179-85. [PMID: 19002856 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium hirtifolim (Persian Shallot) belongs to Allium genus (Alliaceae family). We investigated the in vitro effects of chloroformic extract of A. hirtifolium and its Allicin on the proliferation of HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF7 (human, caucasion, breast, adenocarcinoma) and L929 (mouse, C3H/An, connective) cell lines. Our results showed that components of A. hirtifolium might inhibit proliferation of tumor cell lines. This inhibition in HeLa and MCF-7 cells was dose-dependent. The presence of Allicin was evaluated by TLC method in bulbs and the extract of A. hirtifolium was analyzed by HPLC. MTT test was performed 24, 48 and 72 h after cell culture. A significant decrease in cell lines was observed in HeLa and MCF-7 as compared to L929 cell lines. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed a large number of apoptotic cells in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cell groups, but no effects in L929 cells. Therefore A. hirtifolium might be a candidate for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Ghodrati Azadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran,
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Doran JA, O'Donnell JS, Lairson LL, McDonald MR, Schwan AL, Grodzinski B. S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides and relative pungency measurements of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues of Allium porrum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8243-50. [PMID: 17803263 DOI: 10.1021/jf071238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Three standard assays for pyruvate gave equivalent measurements of relative pungency for two leek cultivars ( 'Tadorna' and 'Ramona'). Background pyruvate levels varied depending on the assay used, ranging from 0.4 (lactate dehydrogenase) to 1.5 (high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) micromol g(-1) fresh weight (FW) on average. The relative pungencies of the two leek cultivars were also compared to total concentrations of the S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (RCSOs). The average ratio of EPy to total RCSOs was 10.9, indicating that standard pungency assays underestimate the levels of RCSOs in the tissue. A detailed analysis of 'Tadorna' leaves showed that total RCSO concentrations decreased acropetally. Profiles were composed of (-/+)-methyl-, (-/+)-ethyl-, (+)-propyl-, and (+)-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (MCSO, ECSO, PCSO, and 1-PeCSO, respectively). (+)-PCSO was the most prominent in green (2.4 mg g (-1) FW), yellow (5.5 mg g (-1) FW), and white (3.8 mg g (-1) FW) tissues. The prop(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide derivatives were dominant in tissues that had photosynthetic capacity. The (+)-MCSO levels were high in the bulb (3.6 mg g (-1) FW). Interestingly, detectable levels of (-/+)-ECSO were measured in the leaves ( approximately 0.5 mg g (-1) FW). RCSO profiles of the different tissue regions were similar, but more (+)-PCSO and (+)-1-PeCSO were detected in the bulb. In general, mature upper leaf tissues had lower levels of total RCSOs. Overall, mild extraction methods and a low-temperature HPLC protocol (preferably with long retention times) achieved adequate compound separation and resolution of the diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Doran
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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In vitro and in vivo reduction of sodium arsenite induced toxicity by aqueous garlic extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:740-51. [PMID: 17983699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is ubiquitous in the environment, and chronic or acute exposure through food and water as well as occupational sources can contribute to a well-defined spectrum of disease. Despite arsenic being a health hazard and a well-documented human carcinogen, a safe, effective and specific preventive or therapeutic measure for treating arsenic induced toxicity still eludes us. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract (AGE) in terms of normalization of altered biochemical parameters particularly indicative of oxidative stress following sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) exposure and depletion of inorganic arsenic burden, in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS AGE (2mg/ml) co-administered with 10 microM NaAsO(2) attenuated arsenite induced cytotoxicity, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in human malignant melanoma cells (A375), human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and in cultured human normal dermal fibroblast cells. Moreover, AGE application in NaAsO(2) intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a marked inhibition of tissue lipid peroxide generation; enhanced level of total tissue sulfhydryl groups and glutathione; and also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase to near normal. An increase in blood ROS level and myeloperoxidase activity in arsenic-intoxicated rats was effectively prevented by AGE administration. AGE was also able to counter arsenic mediated incongruity in blood hematological variables and glucose level. CONCLUSIONS The restorative property of AGE was attributed to its antioxidant activity, chelating efficacy, and/or oxidizing capability of trivalent arsenic to its less toxic pentavalent form. Taken together, evidences indicate that AGE can be a potential protective regimen for arsenic mediated toxicity.
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Landino LM, Mall CB, Nicklay JJ, Dutcher SK, Moynihan KL. Oxidation of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid, by the biologically relevant oxidants peroxynitrite anion, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. Nitric Oxide 2007; 18:11-8. [PMID: 18023374 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The modification of protein and non-protein thiols by oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is well documented. Using an aromatic thiol, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid, and biologically relevant oxidants, we have identified higher oxidation states of sulfur including the sulfonic acid derivative and the disulfide S-oxide, a thiosulfinate, by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The initial reaction of ONOO(-) with 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid yielded a transient red intermediate, the sulfenate anion. The red intermediate was observed when ONOO(-) and H(2)O(2) were used to oxidize 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid and it persisted for several seconds at pH 7. HOCl oxidized the disulfide, 5,5'dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to the corresponding sulfonic acid and no additional products were detected. Using this system, we can directly compare the thiol-oxidizing abilities of several oxidants. Because 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid is the product of the reaction of Ellman's reagent with protein thiols, a detailed study of its stability in biological matrices where oxidants may be generated is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Landino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.
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Prager-Khoutorsky M, Goncharov I, Rabinkov A, Mirelman D, Geiger B, Bershadsky AD. Allicin inhibits cell polarization, migration and division via its direct effect on microtubules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:321-37. [PMID: 17323373 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is a major biologically active component of garlic that is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The effects of allicin are attributed to its ability to react with thiol groups. However, the mechanism underlying the cytostatic activity of allicin, as well as the identity of the relevant subcellular targets, are not known. In the present study, we found that the effects of allicin on cell polarization, migration, and mitosis are similar to the effects of microtubule-depolymerizing drugs such as nocodazole. Moreover, treatment of cultured fibroblasts with micromolar doses of allicin results in microtubule depolymerization in cells within minutes of its application, without disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or inducing direct cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, allicin blocks the polymerization of pure tubulin in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it acts directly on tubulin dimers. Sulfhydryl (SH)-reducing reagents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol abolish the effect of allicin on microtubule polymerization. Thus, allicin is a potent microtubule-disrupting reagent interfering with tubulin polymerization by reaction with tubulin SH groups.
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Rahman MS. Allicin and Other Functional Active Components in Garlic: Health Benefits and Bioavailability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910601113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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