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Piccoli C, Scrima R, Ripoli M, Di Ianni M, Del Papa B, D'Aprile A, Quarato G, Martelli MP, Servillo G, Ligas C, Boffoli D, Tabilio A, Capitanio N. Transformation by retroviral vectors of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells induces mitochondria-dependent cAMP-sensitive reactive oxygen species production. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2843-54. [PMID: 18787213 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral vectors are used in human gene therapy trials to stably introduce therapeutic genes in the genome of patients' cells. Their applicability, however, is frustrated by the limited viability of transformed cells and/or by risks linked to selection of oncogene-mutated clones. The reasons for these drawbacks are not yet completely understood. In this study, we show that LXSN-NeoR gene/interleukin-7-engineered mesenchymal stromal cells exhibited a marked enhancement of reactive oxygen species production compared with untransfected cells. This effect resulted to be independent on the product of the gene carried by the retroviral vehicle as it was reproducible in cells transfected with the empty vector alone. Stable transfection of mesenchymal stromal cells with the different retroviral vectors pBabe-puro and PINCO-puro and the lentiviral vector pSico PGK-puro caused similar redox imbalance, unveiling a phenomenon of more general impact. The enhanced production of reactive oxygen species over the basal level was attributable to mitochondrial dysfunction and brought back to altered activity of the NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase (complex I) of the respiratory chain. The oxidative stress in transfected mesenchymal stem cells was completely reversed by treatment with a cAMP analog, thus pointing to alteration in the protein kinase A-dependent signaling pathway of the host cell. Transfection of mesenchymal stromal cells with a PINCO-parental vector harboring the green fluorescent protein gene as selection marker in place of the puromycin-resistance gene resulted in no alteration of the redox phenotype. These novel findings provide insights and caveats to the applicability of cell- or gene-based therapies and indicate possible intervention to improve them. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Nowis D, Legat M, Grzela T, Niderla J, Wilczek E, Wilczyñski GM, Głodkowska E, Mrówka P, Issat T, Dulak J, Józkowicz A, Waś H, Adamek M, Wrzosek A, Nazarewski S, Makowski M, Stokłosa T, Jakóbisiak M, Gołąb J. Heme oxygenase-1 protects tumor cells against photodynamic therapy-mediated cytotoxicity. Oncogene 2006; 25:3365-74. [PMID: 16462769 PMCID: PMC1538962 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising antitumor treatment modality approved for the management of both early and advanced tumors. The mechanisms of its antitumor action include generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species that directly damage tumor cells and tumor vasculature. A number of mechanisms seem to be involved in the protective responses to PDT that include activation of transcription factors, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and antiapoptotic pathways. Elucidation of these mechanisms might result in the design of more effective combination strategies to improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT. Using DNA microarray analysis to identify stress-related genes induced by Photofrin-mediated PDT in colon adenocarcinoma C-26 cells, we observed a marked induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Induction of HO-1 with hemin or stable transfection of C-26 with a plasmid vector encoding HO-1 increased resistance of tumor cells to PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. On the other hand, zinc (II) protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, markedly augmented PDT-mediated cytotoxicity towards C-26 and human ovarian carcinoma MDAH2774 cells. Neither bilirubin, biliverdin nor carbon monoxide, direct products of HO-1 catalysed heme degradation, was responsible for cytoprotection. Importantly, desferrioxamine, a potent iron chelator significantly potentiated cytotoxic effects of PDT. Altogether our results indicate that HO-1 is involved in an important protective mechanism against PDT-mediated phototoxicity and administration of HO-1 inhibitors might be an effective way to potentiate antitumor effectiveness of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Legat
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Grzela
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research; The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Niderla
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research; The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Wilczek
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - GM Wilczyñski
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Głodkowska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Mrówka
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Issat
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - H Waś
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Adamek
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Chair and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Physical Medicine, Silesian Medical University, Bytom, Poland
| | - A Wrzosek
- Department of Muscle Biochemistry, M Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Nazarewski
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Makowski
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Stokłosa
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jakóbisiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Hoppe G, Chai YC, Sears J. Endogenous oxidoreductase expression is induced by aminoglycosides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 414:19-23. [PMID: 12745250 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases such as glutaredoxin are a major class of enzymes that reversibly catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Transfection experiments using geneticin (G418) selection to identify the specific protein S-thiolated substrates of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1) noted the curious phenomenon that nontransfected control cells treated with G418 had increased levels of Grx-1 expression. Varied concentrations of gentamicin, kanamycin, and hygromycin increased Grx-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in human cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Reactive oxygen species formation after aminoglycoside exposure correlated directly to aminoglycoside treatment. Further indication that oxidation regulates Grx-1 expression was noted by the positive effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a known inducer of redox-sensitive AP-1 transcription factor. In agreement with this hypothesis was the finding that the physiologic reductant N-acetylcysteine decreased Grx-1 expression whereas tert-butyl hydroperoxide increased Grx-1 expression. Our data suggest that aminoglycosides increased Grx-1 expression in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hoppe
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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