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Zafar A, Jabbar M, Manzoor Y, Gulzar H, Hassan SG, Nazir MA, Ain-ul-Haq, Mustafa G, Sahar R, Masood A, Iqbal A, Hussain M, Hasan M. Quantifying Serum Derived Differential Expressed and Low Molecular Weight Protein in Breast Cancer Patients. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:658-673. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200110155609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:Searching the biomarker from complex heterogeneous material for early detection of disease is a challenging task in the field of biomedical sciences.Objective:The study has been arranged to explore the proteomics serum derived profiling of the differential expressed and low molecular weight protein in breast cancer patient.Methods:Quantitative proteome was analyzed using the Nano LC/Mass and Bioinformatics tool.Results:This quantification yields 239 total protein constituting 29% of differentially expressed protein, with 82% downregulated differential protein and 18% up-regulated differential protein. While 12% of total protein were found to be cancer inducing proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) described that the altered proteins with 0-60 kDa mass in nucleus, cytosol, ER, and mitochondria were abundant that chiefly controlled the RNA, DNA, ATP, Ca ion and receptor bindings.Conclusion:The study demonstrate that the organelle specific, low molecular weighted proteins are significantly important biomarker. That act as strong agents in the prognosis and diagnosis of breast cancer at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maryum Jabbar
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasmeen Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Huma Gulzar
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Gul Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Muniba Anum Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ain-ul-Haq
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Romana Sahar
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Masood
- Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur (BVH), Pakistan
| | | | - Mulazim Hussain
- Department of Pediatrician, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Noutsios GT, Silveyra P, Bhatti F, Floros J. Exon B of human surfactant protein A2 mRNA, alone or within its surrounding sequences, interacts with 14-3-3; role of cis-elements and secondary structure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L722-35. [PMID: 23525782 PMCID: PMC3680765 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00324.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human surfactant protein A, an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes: SFTPA1 (SP-A1) and SFTPA2 (SP-A2). The 5' untranslated (5'UTR) splice variant of SP-A2 (ABD), but not of SP-A1 (AD), contains exon B (eB), which is an enhancer for transcription and translation. We investigated whether eB contains cis-regulatory elements that bind trans-acting factors in a sequence-specific manner as well as the role of the eB mRNA secondary structure. Binding of cytoplasmic NCI-H441 proteins to wild-type eB, eB mutant, AD, and ABD 5'UTR mRNAs were studied by RNA electromobility shift assays (REMSAs). The bound proteins were identified by mass spectroscopy and specific antibodies (Abs). We found that 1) proteins bind eB mRNA in a sequence-specific manner, with two cis-elements identified within eB to be important; 2) eB secondary structure is necessary for binding; 3) mass spectroscopy and specific Abs in REMSAs identified 14-3-3 proteins to bind (directly or indirectly) eB and the natural SP-A2 (ABD) splice variant but not the SP-A1 (AD) splice variant; 4) other ribosomal and cytoskeletal proteins, and translation factors, are also present in the eB mRNA-protein complex; 5) knockdown of 14-3-3 β/α isoform resulted in a downregulation of SP-A2 expression. In conclusion, proteins including the 14-3-3 family bind two cis-elements within eB of hSP-A2 mRNA in a sequence- and secondary structure-specific manner. Differential regulation of SP-A1 and SP-A2 is mediated by the 14-3-3 protein family as well as by a number of other proteins that bind UTRs with or without eB mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios T Noutsios
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Meyer-Hoffert U, Hornef M, Henriques-Normark B, Normark S, Andersson M, Pütsep K. Identification of heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein as a major broad-spectrum antimicrobial protein in lung and small intestine. FASEB J 2008; 22:2427-34. [PMID: 18299334 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are continuously exposed to a broad array of microbes through inhalation, and microorganisms that escape clearance by the upper airway mucociliary motion will deposit in the alveolar compartment of the lower airways. The pulmonary epithelium in the alveolar compartment is covered by a thin aqueous layer that contains surfactant proteins but also microbicidal components. We have here identified the epithelial cell surface-expressed heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein (HIP/RPL29) by high-performance liquid chromatography-fractionation, N-terminal sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis as a major antimicrobial component in extracts of mouse lung tissue. HIP/RPL29 was also detected in extracts of mouse small intestinal tissue. HIP/RPL29 exhibited broad antibacterial activity, notably against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Human recombinant HIP/RPL29 exhibited killing activity in the same order of magnitude. The HIP/RPL29 protein was demonstrated to be localized to the epithelial cells and cell surface of the lungs and intestines by immunohistochemistry. We suggest that HIP/RPL29 fulfills a function as an abundant antibacterial factor of the epithelial innate defense shield against invading bacteria in both the lungs and the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Meyer-Hoffert
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Assavalapsakul W, Smith DR, Panyim S. Identification and characterization of a Penaeus monodon lymphoid cell-expressed receptor for the yellow head virus. J Virol 2007; 80:262-9. [PMID: 16352551 PMCID: PMC1317559 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.1.262-269.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow head virus is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes significant mortality in farmed penaeid shrimp. This study sought to isolate and characterize the receptor protein used by the virus to gain entry into Penaeus monodon Oka (lymphoid) organ cells, a primary target of yellow head virus infections. Virus overlay protein binding assay on Oka organ membrane preparations identified a 65-kDa protein, and antibodies raised against this protein inhibited virus entry in primary Oka cell cultures by approximately 80%. N-terminal sequence analysis of the 65-kDa protein generated a 17-amino acid peptide fragment which was used to design degenerate primers that amplified a 1.5-kbp product from Oka organ total RNA, which was cloned and sequenced. Northern analysis and PCR were used to confirm a single RNA transcript that was expressed in most tissues. Subsequently, the mature cDNA was recloned and the expressed protein shown to cross-react with the antibody raised against the original virus binding band. Down regulation of the message through double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference silencing resulted in the complete inhibition of virus entry. While the identity of the clone remains unknown, it nevertheless represents the first invertebrate Nidovirus receptor isolated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamontol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Kirn-Safran CB, Julian J, Fongemie JE, Hoke DE, Czymmek KJC, Carson DD. Changes in the cytologic distribution of heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein/ribosomal protein L29 (HIP/RPL29) during in vivo and in vitro mouse mammary epithelial cell expression and differentiation. Dev Dyn 2002; 223:70-84. [PMID: 11803571 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
HIP/RPL29 is a small, highly basic, heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein identical to ribosomal protein L29 and present in most adult epithelia. In the present study, we show that mouse HIP/RPL29 is ubiquitously present in adult mammary epithelia and is significantly increased during pregnancy and lactation. We observed for the first time that HIP/RPL29 intracellular expression and distribution varies, depending on the growth/differentiation state of the luminal epithelium. HIP/RPL29 was detected at low levels in mammary glands of virgin animals, increased markedly during lactation, and was lost again during involution. HIP/RPL29, preferentially found in the expanded cytoplasm of mature epithelial cells secreting milk, is present also in the nucleus of proliferating and differentiating ductal and alveolar elements. We used COMMA-D cells as an in vitro model for mammary-specific differentiation and examined similar intracellular redistribution of HIP/RPL29 associated with functional differentiation. However, no changes in HIP/RPL29 expression levels were detected in response to lactogenic hormones. Finally, the cellular distribution of HIP/RPL29 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments was confirmed by transfecting a normal mammary epithelial cell line, NMuMG, with a fusion protein of HIP/RPL29 and EGFP. Collectively, these data support the idea that HIP/RPL29 plays more than one role during adult mammary gland development.
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Wood J, Frederickson RM, Fields S, Patel AH. Hepatitis C virus 3'X region interacts with human ribosomal proteins. J Virol 2001; 75:1348-58. [PMID: 11152508 PMCID: PMC114041 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.3.1348-1358.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Accepted: 11/07/2000] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify proteins that can bind the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) we screened human cDNA libraries using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae three-hybrid system. Screening with an RNA sequence derived from the 3'-terminal 98 nucleotides (3'X region) of an infectious clone of HCV (H77c) yielded clones of human ribosomal proteins L22, L3, S3, and mL3, a mitochondrial homologue of L3. We performed preliminary characterization of the binding between the 3'X region and these proteins by a three-hybrid mating assay using mutant 3'X sequences. We have further characterized the interaction between 3'X and L22, since this protein is known to be associated with two small Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA species (EBERs) which are abundantly produced in cells latently infected with EBV. The EBERs, which have similar predicted secondary structure to the HCV 3'X, assemble into ribonucleoprotein particles that include L22 and La protein. To confirm that L22 binds HCV 3'X we performed in vitro binding assays using recombinant L22 (expressed as a glutathione S-transferase [GST] fusion protein) together with a 3'X riboprobe. The 3'X region binds to the GST-L22 fusion protein (but not to GST alone), and this interaction is subject to competition with unlabeled 3'X RNA. To establish the functional role played by L22 in internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation of HCV sequences we performed translational analysis in HuH-7 cells using monocistronic and bicistronic reporter constructs. The relative amount of core-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter protein translated under the control of the HCV IRES was stimulated in the presence of L22 and La when these proteins were supplied in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wood
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Glasgow G11 5JR, United Kingdom
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Shu-Nu C, Lin CH, Lin A. An acidic amino acid cluster regulates the nucleolar localization and ribosome assembly of human ribosomal protein L22. FEBS Lett 2000; 484:22-8. [PMID: 11056215 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The control of human ribosomal protein L22 (rpL22) to enter into the nucleolus and its ability to be assembled into the ribosome is regulated by its sequence. The nuclear import of rpL22 depends on a classical nuclear localization signal of four lysines at positions 13-16. RpL22 normally enters the nucleolus via a compulsory sequence of KKYLKK (I-domain, positions 88-93). An acidic residue cluster at the C-terminal end (C-domain) plays a nuclear retention role. The retention is concealed by the N-domain (positions 1-9) which weakly interacts with the C-domain as demonstrated in the yeast two-hybrid system. Once it reaches the nucleolus, the question of whether rpL22 is assembled into the ribosome depends upon the presence of the N-domain. This suggests that the N-domain, on dissociation from its interaction with the C-domain, binds to a specific region of the 28S rRNA for ribosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shu-Nu
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kirn-Safran CB, Dayal S, Martin-DeLeon PA, Carson DD. Cloning, expression, and chromosome mapping of the murine Hip/Rpl29 gene. Genomics 2000; 68:210-9. [PMID: 10964519 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously have identified murine heparin/heparan sulfate-interacting protein (HIP) identical to mouse ribosomal protein L29 that is, like its human orthologue, distinctively expressed both on the cell surface and intracellularly in different adult tissues and cell types. In the present study, we show that mouse HIP/RPL29 is encoded by a single mRNA and that it is expressed to different extents in most of the tissues of the developing embryo without restriction to a specific cell type. We isolated the single-copy gene coding for murine Hip/Rpl29 among a large number of pseudogenes, established its structure, and assigned its location to distal chromosome 9. Similar to other ribosomal protein promoters, the promoter of Hip/Rpl29 is rich in polypyrimidine tracts, contains binding motifs for ubiquitously expressed transcription factors, and lacks a TATA box. Progressive 5' deletion analyses identified a strong enhancer region that includes CT-rich sequences and a potential consensus binding site for NF-kappaB. These data will provide valuable tools to progress the understanding of HIP/RPL29 function as a ribosomal protein and/or as a regulator of growth and cell adhesion through interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Kirn-Safran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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9
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Koyama Y, Katagiri S, Hanai S, Uchida K, Miwa M. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase interacts with novel Drosophila ribosomal proteins, L22 and l23a, with unique histone-like amino-terminal extensions. Gene 1999; 226:339-45. [PMID: 9931508 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme that recognizes and binds to the nicks and ends of DNA, and catalyses successive ADP-ribosylation reactions. To clarify the function of PARP at the molecular level, we searched proteins which interact with PARP. In the auto-modification domain of PARP in Drosophila, there is a putative leucine-zipper motif which can interact with other protein molecules. To find interacting proteins we examined the auto-modification domain of Drosophila PARP, using the Far-Western screening method. From six independent cDNA clones isolated, we characterized two clones, PBP-3 and PBP-12. The predicted amino acid sequences from 109 to 269 of PBP-3 and from 184 to 312 of PBP-12 had more than 62% identities to mammalian L23a (rpl23a) and L22 (rpl22), the ribosomal proteins of the large subunit. This indicated that PBP-3 and PBP-12 are Drosophila homologues of L23a and L22, respectively. These Drosophila ribosomal protein L22 and L23a have additional Ala-, Lys- and Pro-rich sequences at the amino terminus, which have a resemblance to the carboxy-terminal portion of histone H1. Thus, Drosophila L22 and L23a might have two functions, namely the role of DNA-binding similar to histone H1 and the role of organizing the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Koyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Hiraki Y, Inoue H, Kondo J, Kamizono A, Yoshitake Y, Shukunami C, Suzuki F. A novel growth-promoting factor derived from fetal bovine cartilage, chondromodulin II. Purification and amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:22657-62. [PMID: 8798437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.37.22657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During endochondral bone formation, cartilage cells show increased matrix synthesis and rapid proliferation. We found that cartilage matrix contains at least two types of heparin binding growth-promoting components. One, with a higher affinity to heparin, was identified as chondromodulin I (Hiraki, Y., Tanaka, H., Inoue, H. , Kondo, J., Kamizono, A., and Suzuki, F. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 871-977). In this study, we isolated a novel growth-promoting component, chondromodulin II, which has a lower heparin affinity, from the dissociative extracts of fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage. Chondromodulin II stimulated the proteoglycan synthesis in rabbit cultured growth plate chondrocytes, an expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes. It also stimulated DNA synthesis in chondrocytes in both the absence and the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2. The apparent molecular mass of chondromodulin II on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 16 kDa. Its complete amino acid sequence was determined by overlapping sequences of the peptides released by endopeptidase digestion and CNBr cleavage. Chondromodulin II consists of 133 amino acids (calculated Mr = 14,548). The sequence was unique but homologous to the repeats 1 and 2 of the deduced amino acid sequence of the chicken mim-1 gene, which is specifically transactivated by the v-Myb oncogene product in promyelocytes. We also found a minor component with a higher heparin affinity, chondromodulin III, in cartilage extracts. Chondromodulin III stimulated DNA synthesis in chondrocytes in vitro, and its N-terminal sequence was identical with ribosomal protein L31 lacking the N-terminal three amino acids. These findings suggest that the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes are regulated by multiple components in the cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hiraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Calcified Tissue Metabolism, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka 565, Japan
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