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Ciesielski GL, Nadalutti CA, Oliveira MT, Jacobs HT, Griffith JD, Kaguni LS. Structural rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila melanogaster induced by elevated levels of the replicative DNA helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:3034-3046. [PMID: 29432582 PMCID: PMC5887560 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions impairing functions of mitochondria often lead to compensatory upregulation of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replisome machinery, and the replicative DNA helicase appears to be a key factor in regulating mtDNA copy number. Moreover, mtDNA helicase mutations have been associated with structural rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome. To evaluate the effects of elevated levels of the mtDNA helicase on the integrity and replication of the mitochondrial genome, we overexpressed the helicase in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider cells and analyzed the mtDNA by two-dimensional neutral agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. We found that elevation of mtDNA helicase levels increases the quantity of replication intermediates and alleviates pausing at the replication slow zones. Though we did not observe a concomitant alteration in mtDNA copy number, we observed deletions specific to the segment of repeated elements in the immediate vicinity of the origin of replication, and an accumulation of species characteristic of replication fork stalling. We also found elevated levels of RNA that are retained in the replication intermediates. Together, our results suggest that upregulation of mtDNA helicase promotes the process of mtDNA replication but also results in genome destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Cristina A Nadalutti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Elstner M, Turnbull DM. Transcriptome analysis in mitochondrial disorders. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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NARP mutation and mtDNA depletion trigger mitochondrial biogenesis which can be modulated by selenite supplementation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1178-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reinecke F, Smeitink JAM, van der Westhuizen FH. OXPHOS gene expression and control in mitochondrial disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:1113-21. [PMID: 19389473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cellular consequences of deficiencies of the mitochondrial OXPHOS system include a variety of direct and secondary changes in metabolite homeostasis, such as ROS, Ca(2+), ADP/ATP, and NAD/NADH. The adaptive responses to these changes include the transcriptional responses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes that are mediated by these metabolites, control of the mitochondria permeability transition pore, and a great variety of secondary signalling elements. Among the transcriptional responses reported over more than a decade using material harboring mtDNA mutations, deletions, or depletions, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA OXPHOS genes have mostly been up-regulated. However, it is evident from the limited data in a variety of disease models that expression responses are highly diverse and inconsistent. In this article, the mechanisms and controlling elements of these transcriptional responses are reviewed. In addition, the elements that need to be evaluated, in order to gain an improved perspective of the manner in which OXPHOS genes respond and impact on mitochondrial disease expression, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fimmie Reinecke
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, School for Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Zhang H, Mizumachi T, Carcel-Trullols J, Li L, Naito A, Spencer HJ, Spring PM, Smoller BR, Watson AJ, Margison GP, Higuchi M, Fan CY. Targeting human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) to mitochondria enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1629-37. [PMID: 17389610 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chemoradiation therapies cause DNA damage through oxidative stress. An important cellular mechanism that protects cells against oxidative stress involves DNA repair. One of the primary DNA repair mechanisms for oxidative DNA damage is base excision repair (BER). BER involves the tightly coordinated function of four enzymes (glycosylase, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, polymerase and ligase), in which 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 initiates the cycle. An imbalance in the production of any one of these enzymes may result in the generation of more DNA damage and increased cell killing. In this study, we targeted mitochondrial DNA to enhance cancer chemotherapy by over-expressing a human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene in the mitochondria of human hepatoma cells. Increased hOGG1 transgene expression was achieved at RNA, protein and enzyme activity levels. In parallel, we observed enhanced mitochondrial DNA damage, increased mitochondrial respiration rate, increased membrane potential and elevated free radical production. A greater proportion of the hOGG1-over-expressing hepatoma cells experienced apoptosis. Following exposure to a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, cancer cells over-expressing hOGG1 displayed much shortened long-term survival when compared with control cells. Our results suggest that over-expression of hOGG1 in mitochondria may promote mitochondrial DNA damage by creating an imbalance in the BER pathway and sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin. These findings support further evaluation of hOGG1 over-expression strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Galluzzi L, Pinti M, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Troiano L, Roat E, Giovenzana C, Nemes E, Nasi M, Orlando G, Salomoni P, Cossarizza A. Altered Mitochondrial Rna Production in Adipocytes from HIV-Infected Individuals with Lipodystrophy. Antivir Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350501002s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Damage to mitochondria (mt) is a major side effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that includes a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Such damage is associated with the onset of lipodystrophy in HAART-treated HIV+ patients. To further investigate mt changes during this syndrome, we analysed the expression of mtRNA in adipocytes from lipodystrophic HIV+ patients taking NRTI-containing HAART and compared it with similar cells from healthy individuals. Materials and methods Total RNA was extracted from adipocytes collected from different anatomical locations of 11 HIV+ lipodystrophic patients and seven healthy control individuals. RNA was reverse transcribed and Taqman-based real-time PCR was used to quantify three different mt transcripts (ND1, CYTB and ND6 gene products). mtRNA content was normalized versus the housekeeping transcript L13. Results ND1, CYTB and ND6 expression was significantly reduced in HIV+ lipodystrophic patients. HIV+ men and women did not differ in a statistically significant way regarding the levels of ND1 and ND6, whereas the opposite occurred for CYTB. Conclusions Lipodystrophy following treatment with NRTI-containing HAART is associated with a decrease in adipose tissue mtRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonarda Troiano
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erika Roat
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Giovenzana
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Nemes
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Orlando
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability II, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Dou L, Cerini C, Brunet P, Guilianelli C, Moal V, Grau G, De Smet R, Vanholder R, Sampol J, Berland Y. P-cresol, a uremic toxin, decreases endothelial cell response to inflammatory cytokines. Kidney Int 2002; 62:1999-2009. [PMID: 12427124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.t01-1-00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are among the most morbid events in uremia. The uremic toxin p-cresol may play a role in the immunodeficiency of uremia by depressing phagocyte functional capacity. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, a key event in the immune response, is mediated by endothelial adhesion molecules. These include intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, which are induced by various inflammatory cytokines. We asked whether p-cresol alters endothelial adhesion molecule expression and modifies endothelial/leukocyte adhesion. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with p-cresol in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Thereafter, the endothelial molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were quantitated and the monocyte (THP-1) adhesion to HUVEC measured. RESULTS P-cresol decreased cytokine-induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, p-cresol significantly decreased the adhesion of THP-1 to cytokine-stimulated HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS P-cresol may play a role in the immune defect of uremic patients by inhibiting cytokine-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression and endothelium/monocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dou
- INSERM EMI0019, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, and Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
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Bonod-Bidaud C, Chevrollier A, Bourasseau I, Lachaux A, Mousson de Camaret B, Stepien G. Induction of ANT2 gene expression in liver of patients with mitochondrial DNA depletion. Mitochondrion 2001; 1:217-24. [PMID: 16120279 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7249(01)00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2001] [Accepted: 05/04/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described two cases of children with a liver mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome, characterised by a low ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA. Light microscopy performed on liver biopsy showed abnormal hepatocytes with a characteristic 'oncocytic' appearance, indicative of perturbed oxidative phosphorylation. The adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), the last step in oxidative phosphorylation catalyses the exchange of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) between the cytosol and mitochondria. The ANT2 gene, which is not normally expressed in human tissues, encodes an isoform preferentially expressed under conditions of glycolytic metabolism. ANT2 gene expression is regulated by a transcription factor involved in a molecular mechanism selecting for the import of glycolytic ATP into the mitochondrial matrix. This ATP import is required in highly proliferative cells, such as tumour cells, which are highly dependent on glycolysis for ATP synthesis. We postulated that, as a result of the defective oxidative phosphorylation observed in these patient biopsies, the ANT2 expression would be induced. We simultaneously quantified the mtDNA depletion and the ANT2 gene expression in liver biopsies from the two patients and six controls. ANT2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the two patient liver biopsies. Moreover, in one patient, the liver mtDNA depletion was found to be partially reversed after less than 4 years and this reversion was coupled to a concomitant decrease of the ANT2 expression. These results suggest that dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation could lead to a switch from mitochondrial to glycolytic ATP production, to restore tissue-specific energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonod-Bidaud
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR-5534, Université Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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