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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Histone Deacetylase 6 Knockout Mice Exhibit Higher Susceptibility to Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070728. [PMID: 32640546 PMCID: PMC7411611 DOI: 10.3390/v12070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The host innate defence against influenza virus infection is an intricate system with a plethora of antiviral factors involved. We have identified host histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) as an anti-influenza virus factor in cultured cells. Consistent with this, we report herein that HDAC6 knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to influenza virus A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) infection than their wild type (WT) counterparts. The KO mice lost weight faster than the WT mice and, unlike WT mice, could not recover their original body weight. Consequently, more KO mice succumbed to infection, which corresponded with higher lung viral loads. Conversely, the expression of the critical innate antiviral response genes interferon alpha/beta, CD80, CXCL10 and IL15 was significantly downregulated in KO mouse lungs compared to WT mouse lungs. These data are consistent with the known function of HDAC6 of de-acetylating the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and activating the host innate antiviral response cascade. Loss of HDAC6 thus leads to a blunted innate response and increased susceptibility of mice to influenza A virus infection.
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POPX2 phosphatase regulates apoptosis through the TAK1-IKK-NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3051. [PMID: 28906490 PMCID: PMC5636987 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the leading causes that contributes to tumor relapse and poor patient outcome after several rounds of drug therapy. The causes of chemoresistance are multi-factorial. Ultimately, it is the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic activities in the cells. We have previously reported links between POPX2 serine/threonine phosphatase with cell motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Here, we show that POPX2 plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. The effect of POPX2 on apoptosis centers on the inactivation of TGF-β activated kinase (TAK1). TAK1 is essential for several important biological functions including innate immunity, development and cell survival. We find that POPX2 interacts directly with TAK1 and is able to dephosphorylate TAK1. Cells with lower levels of POPX2 exhibit higher TAK1 activity in response to etoposide (VP-16) treatment. This subsequently leads to increased translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. Consequently, NF-κB-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins is upregulated to promote cell survival. On the other hand, cells with higher levels of POPX2 are more vulnerable to apoptosis induced by etoposide. Our data demonstrate that POPX2 is a negative regulator of TAK1 signaling pathway and modulates apoptosis through the regulation of TAK1 activity. As inhibition of TAK1 has been proposed to reduce chemoresistance and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in certain types of cancer, modulation of POPX2 levels may provide an additional avenue and consideration in fine-tuning therapeutic response.
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Lippens C, Duraes FV, Dubrot J, Brighouse D, Lacroix M, Irla M, Aubry-Lachainaye JP, Reith W, Mandl JN, Hugues S. IDO-orchestrated crosstalk between pDCs and Tregs inhibits autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:39-49. [PMID: 27470005 PMCID: PMC5127883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to both mediate and prevent autoimmunity, and the regulation of their immunogenic versus tolerogenic functions remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that, compared to other cells, pDCs are the major expressors of Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in steady-state lymph nodes (LNs). IDO expression by LN pDCs was closely dependent on MHCII-mediated, antigen-dependent, interactions with Treg. We further established that IDO production by pDCs was necessary to confer suppressive function to Tregs. During EAE development, IDO expression by pDCs was required for the generation of Tregs capable of dampening the priming of encephalitogenic T cell and disease severity. Thus, we describe a novel crosstalk between pDCs and Tregs: Tregs shape tolerogenic functions of pDCs prior to inflammation, such that pDCs in turn, promote Treg suppressive functions during autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/enzymology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lippens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Dale Brighouse
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Lacroix
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Magali Irla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Ragot A, Pietropaolo S, Vincent J, Delage P, Zhang H, Allinquant B, Leinekugel X, Fischer A, Cho YH. Genetic deletion of the Histone Deacetylase 6 exacerbates selected behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model for Huntington's disease. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00361. [PMID: 26445700 PMCID: PMC4589808 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inhibition of the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) increases tubulin acetylation, thus stimulating intracellular vesicle trafficking and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, that is, cellular processes markedly reduced in Huntington's disease (HD). METHODS We therefore tested that reducing HDAC6 levels by genetic manipulation would attenuate early cognitive and behavioral deficits in R6/1 mice, a mouse model which develops progressive HD-related phenotypes. RESULTS In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the genetic deletion of HDAC6 did not reduce the weight loss or the deficits in cognitive abilities and nest-building behavior shown by R6/1 mice, and even worsened their social impairments, hypolocomotion in the Y-maze, and reduced ultrasonic vocalizations. CONCLUSIONS These results weaken the validity of HDAC6 reduction as a possible therapeutic strategy for HD. The data are discussed in terms of additional cellular consequences and anatomical specificity of HDAC6 that could explain these unexpected effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienor Ragot
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susanna Pietropaolo
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Delage
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France ; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire INSERM, UMR 894- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France ; Neurocentre Magendie 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen Grisebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen Grisebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yoon H Cho
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France ; University of Bordeaux 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, France
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Ju ST, Sharma R, Gaskin F, Kung JT, Fu SM. The Biology of Autoimmune Response in the Scurfy Mice that Lack the CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T-Cells. BIOLOGY 2012; 1:18-42. [PMID: 24832045 PMCID: PMC4011033 DOI: 10.3390/biology1010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a mutation in the Foxp3 transcription factor, Scurfy mice lack regulatory T-cells that maintain self-tolerance of the immune system. They develop multi-organ inflammation (MOI) and die around four weeks old. The affected organs are skin, tail, lungs and liver. In humans, endocrine and gastrointestinal inflammation are also observed, hence the disease is termed IPEX (Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome. The three week period of fatal MOI offers a useful autoimmune model in which the controls by genetics, T-cell subsets, cytokines, and effector mechanisms could be efficiently investigated. In this report, we will review published work, summarize our recent studies of Scurfy double mutants lacking specific autoimmune-related genes, discuss the cellular and cytokine controls by these genes on MOI, the organ-specificities of the MOI controlled by environments, and the effector mechanisms regulated by specific Th cytokines, including several newly identified control mechanisms for organ-specific autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyr-Te Ju
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Felicia Gaskin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John T Kung
- Academia Sinica, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu Man Fu
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Loss of deacetylation activity of Hdac6 affects emotional behavior in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30924. [PMID: 22328923 PMCID: PMC3273475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is mediated by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, and occurs not only on histones but also on diverse proteins. Although histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription has been well studied, the biological roles of non-histone acetylation remain elusive. Histone deacetylase 6 (Hdac6), a member of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, is a unique deacetylase that localizes to cytoplasm and functions in many cellular events by deacetylating non-histone proteins including α-tubulin, Hsp90, and cortactin. Since robust expression of Hdac6 is observed in brain, it would be expected that Hdac6-mediated reversible acetylation plays essential roles in CNS. Here we demonstrate the crucial roles of Hdac6 deacetylase activity in the expression of emotional behavior in mice. We found that Hdac6-deficient mice exhibit hyperactivity, less anxiety, and antidepressant-like behavior in behavioral tests. Moreover, administration of Hdac6-specific inhibitor replicated antidepressant-like behavior in mice. In good agreement with behavioral phenotypes of Hdac6-deficient mice, Hdac6 dominantly localizes to the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, which are involved in emotional behaviors. These findings suggest that HDAC6-mediated reversible acetylation might contribute to maintain proper neuronal activity in serotonergic neurons, and also provide a new therapeutic target for depression.
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Bernard JJ, Seweryniak KE, Koniski AD, Spinelli SL, Blumberg N, Francis CW, Taubman MB, Palis J, Phipps RP. Foxp3 regulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1874-82. [PMID: 19661482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.193805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets are crucial for hemostasis and are vital regulators of inflammation. Foxp3 is a key transcription factor for T regulatory cell development. Humans with IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked) and the scurfy (Foxp3(sf)) mouse have mutations in the Foxp3 gene that lead to a host of pathologies including autoimmunity and skin diseases. Scurfy mice and some humans with IPEX are also thrombocytopenic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the absence of functional Foxp3 leads to defects in megakaryocytes and platelets. METHODS AND RESULTS We discovered that human and mouse megakaryocytes express Foxp3 mRNA and protein. Using shRNA and Foxp3(sf) mice, we demonstrated that Foxp3-deficient mouse and human megakaryocyte progenitors exhibited proliferation defects. Striking platelet abnormalities were observed in both an IPEX patient and Foxp3(sf) mice. Impaired platelet spreading and release of TGF-beta and CD40 ligand (CD40L), and abnormal levels of plasma CD40L were observed in a case of IPEX syndrome. Foxp3(sf) mice were thrombocytopenic and had increased platelet volume and altered serum levels of CD40L, TXB(2), and TGF-beta. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide compelling new evidence that Foxp3 is needed for proper megakaryopoiesis and plays a role in regulating platelet function including spreading and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Bernard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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9
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Abstract
Far from being mutually exclusive, immunodeficiency and autoimmunity may occur simultaneously. During the last years, analysis of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy--Candidiasis--Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) and Immunodysregulation--Polyendocrinopathy--Enteropathy--X-linked (IPEX), two rare monogenic forms of immunodeficiency associated with autoimmunity, has led to the identification of Auto Immune Regulator (AIRE) and Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), essential transcriptional regulators, involved in central tolerance and peripheral immune homeostasis, respectively. Characterization of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in APECED, and recognition that AIRE expression is sustained by effective thymopoiesis, has recently allowed to define that the autoimmunity of Omenn syndrome, a combined immunodeficiency due to defects of V(D)J recombination, also results from defective expression of AIRE. The implications of identification of the basis of autoimmunity in these rare forms of immunodeficiency have important implications for a better understanding of more common autoimmune disorders, and for development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi D Notarangelo
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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10
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Ulmanen I, Halonen M, Ilmarinen T, Peltonen L. Monogenic autoimmune diseases — lessons of self-tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 17:609-15. [PMID: 16226439 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular defects recently identified in the rare monogenic autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have pinpointed critical steps in the pathways that contribute to the development of normal immune responses and self-tolerance. Recent studies of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked, IL-2 receptor alpha-chain deficiency, and, in particular, their corresponding mouse models, have revealed the details of the molecular mechanisms of normal immune tolerance, and exposed how defects in these mechanisms result in human autoimmunity. In addition to a deeper understanding of the immune system, detailed molecular characterization of monogenic AIDs will help us to understand the mechanisms behind common polygenic AIDs and, furthermore, to develop novel therapies and intervention strategies to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo Ulmanen
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Zhang Y, Li N, Caron C, Matthias G, Hess D, Khochbin S, Matthias P. HDAC-6 interacts with and deacetylates tubulin and microtubules in vivo. EMBO J 2003; 22:1168-79. [PMID: 12606581 PMCID: PMC150348 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2002] [Revised: 01/07/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cylindrical cytoskeletal structures found in almost all eukaryotic cell types which are involved in a great variety of cellular processes. Reversible acetylation on the epsilon-amino group of alpha-tubulin Lys40 marks stabilized microtubule structures and may contribute to regulating microtubule dynamics. Yet, the enzymes catalysing this acetylation/deacetylation have remained unidentified until recently. Here we report that beta-tubulin interacts with histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC-6) in a yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. We find that HDAC-6 is a micro tubule-associated protein capable of deacetylating alpha-tubulin in vivo and in vitro. HDAC-6's microtubule binding and deacetylation functions both depend on the hdac domains. Overexpression of HDAC-6 in mammalian cells leads to tubulin hypoacetylation. In contrast, inhibition of HDAC-6 function by two independent mechanisms--pharmacological (HDAC inhibitors) or genetic (targeted inactivation of HDAC-6 in embryonic stem cells)--leads to hyperacetylation of tubulin and microtubules. Taken together, our data provide evidence that HDAC-6 might act as a dual deacetylase for tubulin and histones, and suggest the possibility that acetylated non-histone proteins might represent novel targets for pharmacological therapy by HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cécile Caron
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
INSERM U309, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | | | - Saadi Khochbin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
INSERM U309, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
INSERM U309, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France Corresponding author e-mail:
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Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome and the scurfy mutant mouse. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(01)00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Childs KL, Klein RR, Klein PE, Morishige DT, Mullet JE. Mapping genes on an integrated sorghum genetic and physical map using cDNA selection technology. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 27:243-255. [PMID: 11532170 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important target of plant genomics. This cereal has unusual tolerance to adverse environments, a small genome (750 Mbp) relative to most other grasses, a diverse germplasm, and utility for comparative genomics with rice, maize and other grasses. In this study, a modified cDNA selection protocol was developed to aid the discovery and mapping of genes across an integrated genetic and physical map of the sorghum genome. BAC DNA from the sorghum genome map was isolated and covalently bound in arrayed tubes for efficient liquid handling. Amplifiable cDNA sequence tags were isolated by hybridization to individual sorghum BACs, cloned and sequenced. Analysis of a fully sequenced sorghum BAC indicated that about 80% of known or predicted genes were detected in the sequence tags, including multiple tags from different regions of individual genes. Data from cDNA selection using the fully sequenced BAC indicate that the occurrence of mislocated cDNA tags is very low. Analysis of 35 BACs (5.25 Mb) from sorghum linkage group B revealed (and therefore mapped) two sorghum genes and 58 sorghum ESTs. Additionally, 31 cDNA tags that had significant homologies to genes from other species were also isolated. The modified cDNA selection procedure described here will be useful for genome-wide gene discovery and EST mapping in sorghum, and for comparative genomics of sorghum, rice, maize and other grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Childs
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Wildin RS, Ramsdell F, Peake J, Faravelli F, Casanova JL, Buist N, Levy-Lahad E, Mazzella M, Goulet O, Perroni L, Bricarelli FD, Byrne G, McEuen M, Proll S, Appleby M, Brunkow ME. X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy. Nat Genet 2001; 27:18-20. [PMID: 11137992 DOI: 10.1038/83707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1335] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether human X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome (IPEX; MIM 304930) is the genetic equivalent of the scurfy (sf) mouse, we sequenced the human ortholog (FOXP3) of the gene mutated in scurfy mice (Foxp3), in IPEX patients. We found four non-polymorphic mutations. Each mutation affects the forkhead/winged-helix domain of the scurfin protein, indicating that the mutations may disrupt critical DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wildin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
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Brunkow ME, Jeffery EW, Hjerrild KA, Paeper B, Clark LB, Yasayko SA, Wilkinson JE, Galas D, Ziegler SF, Ramsdell F. Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse. Nat Genet 2001; 27:68-73. [PMID: 11138001 DOI: 10.1038/83784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1869] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scurfy (sf) is an X-linked recessive mouse mutant resulting in lethality in hemizygous males 16-25 days after birth, and is characterized by overproliferation of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes, extensive multiorgan infiltration and elevation of numerous cytokines. Similar to animals that lack expression of either Ctla-4 or Tgf-beta, the pathology observed in sf mice seems to result from an inability to properly regulate CD4+CD8- T-cell activity. Here we identify the gene defective in sf mice by combining high-resolution genetic and physical mapping with large-scale sequence analysis. The protein encoded by this gene (designated Foxp3) is a new member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and is highly conserved in humans. In sf mice, a frameshift mutation results in a product lacking the forkhead domain. Genetic complementation demonstrates that the protein product of Foxp3, scurfin, is essential for normal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Brunkow
- Celltech Chiroscience, Inc., Bothell, Washington, USA.
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16
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Chatila TA, Blaeser F, Ho N, Lederman HM, Voulgaropoulos C, Helms C, Bowcock AM. JM2, encoding a fork head-related protein, is mutated in X-linked autoimmunity-allergic disregulation syndrome. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:R75-81. [PMID: 11120765 PMCID: PMC387260 DOI: 10.1172/jci11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked autoimmunity-allergic disregulation syndrome (XLAAD) is an X-linked recessive immunological disorder characterized by multisystem autoimmunity, particularly early-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus, associated with manifestations of severe atopy including eczema, food allergy, and eosinophilic inflammation. Consistent with the allergic phenotype, analysis of two kindreds with XLAAD revealed marked skewing of patient T lymphocytes toward the Th2 phenotype. Using a positional-candidate approach, we have identified in both kindreds mutations in JM2, a gene on Xp11.23 that encodes a fork head domain-containing protein. One point mutation at a splice junction site results in transcripts that encode a truncated protein lacking the fork head homology domain. The other mutation involves an in-frame, 3-bp deletion that is predicted to impair the function of a leucine zipper dimerization domain. Our results point to a critical role for JM2 in self tolerance and Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Chatila
- Department of Pediatrics, and. Department of Pathology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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