Role of TSG101 in uterine cervix cancer

Malfunctions within the Cbl interactome uncouple receptor tyrosine kinases from destructive transport

Proteins of the Cbl family are adaptor molecules and ubiquitin ligases with major functions in the regulation, intracellular transport and degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Due to this central role, mutations that cause malfunctions of Cbl or their associated proteins - termed the Cbl interactome - easily lead to the transformation of affected cells and eventually the development of cancer. This review intends to give an overview on the mechanisms of Cbl-mediated cell transformation in light of the dysregulated intracellular trafficking of RTKs.

The growth-regulatory protein HCRP1/hVps37A is a subunit of mammalian ESCRT-I and mediates receptor down-regulation

The biogenesis of multivesicular bodies and endosomal sorting of membrane cargo are driven forward by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport, ESCRT-I, -II, and -III. ESCRT-I is characterized in yeast as a complex consisting of Vps23, Vps28, and Vps37. Whereas mammalian homologues of Vps23 and Vps28 (named Tsg101 and hVps28, respectively) have been identified and characterized, a mammalian counterpart of Vps37 has not yet been identified. Here, we show that a regulator of proliferation, hepatocellular carcinoma related protein 1 (HCRP1), interacts with Tsg101, hVps28, and their upstream regulator Hrs. The ability of HCRP1 (which we assign the alternative name hVps37A) to interact with Tsg101 is conferred by its mod(r) domain and is shared with hVps37B and hVps37C, two other mod(r) domain-containing proteins. HCRP1 cofractionates with Tsg101 and hVps28 by size exclusion chromatography and colocalizes with hVps28 on LAMP1-positive endosomes. Whereas depletion of Tsg101 by siRNA reduces cellular levels of both hVps28 and HCRP1, depletion of HCRP1 has no effect on Tsg101 or hVps28. Nevertheless, HCRP1 depletion strongly retards epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor degradation. Together, these results indicate that HCRP1 is a subunit of mammalian ESCRT-I and that its function is essential for lysosomal sorting of EGF receptors.

Tumor markers and molecular biological markers in gynecologic malignancies

Gynecologic oncology is a rapidly growing field due to constant advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. This review serves as an overview of new studies promoting the use of tumor markers and molecular biological prognostic factors in malignancies affecting women. The majority of studies focus on either endometrial or ovarian carcinoma. Other gynecologic malignancies (cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinoma) have a much smaller representation in the world literature. Multiple new markers were examined over the last year. We conclude that although some markers show promise as potential new consensus prognostic indicators, more work is needed to confirm results and clarify any existing discrepancies.