Elongational Flow of Solutions of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Sulfonated Surfactants

Dynamics and extensional rheology of polymer-surfactant association complexes

Understanding and characterizing the influence of polymers and surfactants on rheology, application, and processing is critical for designing complex fluid formulations for enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, inks, agricultural sprays, and coatings. It is well-established that the addition of anionic surfactant like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to an aqueous solution of an oppositely-charged or uncharged polymer like poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can result in the formation of the polymer-surfactant association complexes (P0S-ACs) and a non-monotonic concentration-dependent variation in zero shear viscosity. However, the extensional rheology response of polymer-surfactant mixtures remains relatively poorly understood, partially due to characterization challenges that arise for low viscosity, low elasticity fluids, even though the response to strong extensional flows impacts drop formation and many processing operations. In this article, we use the recently developed dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols to characterize the pinching dynamics and extensional rheology response of aqueous P0S- solutions formulated with PEO (P0) and SDS (S-), respectively. We find the PEO-SDS mixtures display a significantly weaker concentration-dependent variation in the extensional relaxation time, filament lifespan, and extensional viscosity values than anticipated by the measured shear viscosity.

The Preparation of CMC-PVA-AM Dust Suppression Agent and its Application Appraisement

In this article, a kind of synthetic polymer dust suppressants agent was prepared with poly (vinyl- alcohol) (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and acrylamide (AM). The chemical and physical properties of this dust suppressant was characterized by means of grafting rate, FT-IR analysis, TG test, viscosity analysis and SEM survey. The result showed that grafting rate was reached 95.6%; IR spectrum proved that monomers have been completely reacted basically; thermal gravimetric analysis was characterized that the dust suppressant has good thermal stability between 0°C-250°C; the amount of AM and SDBS were 50% and 1.0% (based on mass of the total materials), the polymer has a suitable viscosity; SEM was used to observe the shape characteristic of the coal dust which formed a link between the dust suppressant and coal dust. The water resistance of the dust suppressant was well in 24h.

The influence of additives and metal rods on the nucleation and growth of gas hydrates

A major technical issue in industrial applications of the gas hydrate storage process is to develop a practical means for rapid hydrate formation. In this paper, the formation processes of HCFC141b (CH(3)CCl(2)F) gas hydrate in a column of water with additives and with an iron rod that was placed in the center of the column have been studied to reveal the influence of the additives and the iron rod on the nucleation and growth of the gas hydrate. The water solution column, in a cylindrical glass container, was placed in a thermostatic bath at 274.15-280.15 K and under atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that, compared to the pure water and the HCFC141b system, the properly placed iron rod combined with proper concentrations of lauryl sodium sulfonate, lauryl sodium sulfate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-6 considerably reduces the hydrate nucleation time and promotes formation speed. The formation rate of HCFC141b gas hydrate increases with increasing concentration of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-6 in the water solution, while the addition of potassium oxalate monohydrate in water has shown no effect on the nucleation and growth of HCFC141b gas hydrate. Under the experimental conditions, both the anion surfactants and the iron rod strongly induce the first nucleation of HCFC141b gas hydrate, while the following growth of the HCFC141b gas hydrate is primarily influenced by the anion surfactant. This experiment suggests a new way of fast formation of clathrate hydrate, which may be much easier for practical application of the gas hydrate for cold storage in air conditioning systems.