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Zheng R, Xia Y, Keyhani NO. Differential responses of the antennal proteome of male and female migratory locusts to infection by a fungal pathogen. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104050. [PMID: 33217581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The narrow host range entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum, is an environmentally friendly acridid specific pathogen used for locust control. The locust is capable of responding within hours of infection, however, little is known concerning how the locust detects the pathogen. Here, we have identified 3213 proteins in the infected antennal proteome of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. iTRAQ comparative analyses of antennal proteomes identified 194 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between uninfected and infected males, 218 DAPs between uninfected and infected females, and 240 DAPs between infected males and infected females. In relation to olfaction, a total of 29 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 9 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 31 odorant receptors (ORs), and 8 ionotropic receptors (IRs) were differentially abundant after M. acridum infection, with a subset of 12 proteins found in both infected male and female antennae not present in uninfected individuals. The time course of the gene expression profiles of olfaction related DAPs were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our data indicate significant changes in the antennal proteomes of male and female locusts in response to a microbial pathogen, highlighting the potential participation of olfactory processes in pathogen detection and response. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The ability of an organism to detect microbial pathogens is essential for mounting a response to mitigate the spread of the infection. Using iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses changes in the protein repertoire of the antennae of male and female locusts in response to infection by a host-specific pathogen were determined. These data show proteomic alterations that are also sex-specific, identifying members of olfactory pathways that are modified in response to infection. Our data identify antennal and related olfactory proteins that are candidates for mediating host detection of pathogens, and that may contribute to subsequent behavioral and/or immune responses of the host to the infection challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Bldg. 981, Museum Rd., Gainesville FL32611, USA.
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Dakhel WH, Latchininsky AV, Jaronski ST. Efficacy of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium brunneum, Strain F52 Alone and Combined with Paranosema locustae against the Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10040094. [PMID: 30935086 PMCID: PMC6523512 DOI: 10.3390/insects10040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grasshopper outbreaks cause significant damage to crops and grasslands in US. Chemical control is widely used to suppress these pests but it reduces environmental quality. Biological control of insect pests is an alternative way to reduce the use of chemical insecticides. In this context, two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 and Paranosema locustae were evaluated as control agents for the pest migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Third-instar grasshoppers, reared in the laboratory, were exposed up to fourteen days to wheat bran treated with different concentrations of each of the fungi alone or the two pathogens combined. In the greenhouse, nymphs were placed individually in cages where they were able to increase their body temperatures by basking in the sun in an attempt to inhibit the fungal infection, and treated with each pathogen alone or in combination. Mortality was recorded daily and presence of fungal outgrowth in cadavers was confirmed by recording fungal mycosis for two weeks’ post-treatment (PT). For combination treatment, the nature of the pathogen interaction (synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects) was also determined. In laboratory conditions, all treatments except P. locustae alone resulted in grasshopper mortality. The application of the pathogen combinations caused 75% and 77%, mortality for lower and higher concentrations, respectively than each of the pathogens alone. We infer a synergistic effect occurred between the two agents. In greenhouse conditions, the highest mortalities were recorded in combination fungal treatments with a M. brunneum dose (60% mortality) and with a combination of the two pathogens in which M. brunneum was applied at high rate (50%) two weeks after application. This latter combination also exhibited a synergistic effect. Exposure to the P. locustae treatment did not lead to mortality until day 14 PT. We infer that these pathogens are promising for developing a biopesticide formulation for rangeland pest grasshopper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid H Dakhel
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | | | - Stefan T Jaronski
- Department of Agriculture, USDA, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Sidney, MT 59270, USA.
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Mohammed AA, Kadhim JH, Hasan AMH. Laboratory Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Control of Khapra Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and Their Effects on the Beetles' Fecundity and Longevity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3954/1523-5475-35.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal H. Kadhim
- Plant Protection Department, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
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Gao T, Wang Z, Huang Y, Keyhani NO, Huang Z. Lack of resistance development in Bemisia tabaci to Isaria fumosorosea after multiple generations of selection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42727. [PMID: 28230074 PMCID: PMC5322360 DOI: 10.1038/srep42727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of insecticide resistant insect pests is of significant concern worldwide. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is an important agricultural pest and has shown incredible resilience developing resistance to a number of chemical pesticides. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Isaria fumosorosea offer an attractive alternative to chemical pesticides for insect control, and this fungus has been shown to be an effective pathogen of B. tabaci. Little is known concerning the potential for the development of resistance to I. fumosorosea by B. tabaci. Five generations of successive survivors of B. tabaci infected by I. fumosorosea were assayed with I. fumosorosea. No significant differences in susceptibility to I. fumosorosea, number of ovarioles, or ovipostioning were seen between any of the generations tested. Effects of I. fumosorosea and cell-free ethyl acetate fractions derived from the fungus on the B. tabaci fat body, ovary, and vitellogenin were also investigated. These data revealed significant deformation and degradation of ovary tissues and associated vitellogenin by the fungal mycelium as well as by cell-free ethyl acetate fungal extracts. These data indicate the lack of the emergence of resistance to I. fumosorosea under the conditions tested and demonstrate invasion of the insect reproductive tissues during fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianni Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaolei Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yü Huang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Bldg. 981, Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL32611, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Bldg. 981, Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL32611, USA
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Nian XG, He YR, Lu LH, Zhao R. Evaluation of alternative Plutella xylostella control by two Isaria fumosorosea conidial formulations - oil-based formulation and wettable powder - combined with Bacillus thuringiensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1675-1684. [PMID: 25641869 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for controlling the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The control efficacy of two Isaria fumosorosea conidial formulations - wettable powder and oil-based formulation - combined with Bacillus thuringiensis against P. xylostella was tested. RESULTS In the laboratory, the combined application of two pathogens increased larval mortality either in an additive or a synergistic way. P. xylostella larvae treated with oil-based formulation died sooner than larvae infected with wettable powder. For pot and field experiments, each formulation was applied alone or combined with B. thuringiensis 668 µg mL(-1) , and then larval mortality, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, female longevity and fecundity were recorded. In pot experiments there was no evidence of any antagonistic effects between the two pathogens. Combined application of B. thuringiensis and a high concentration of the two I. fumosorosea formulations resulted in higher mortality (84.4 and 86.2%) with minimum pupation (15.6 and 11.9%) and adult emergence rates (8.7 and 7.0%). Female longevity and fecundity were significantly reduced by the two formulations at high concentration compared with the control. Similar results were also observed in field experiments. CONCLUSION The combined application of I. fumosorosea and B. thuringiensis is a promising alternative strategy for P. xylostella control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ge Nian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Rong He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Hua Lu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Advances in Microbial Insect Control in Horticultural Ecosystem. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06904-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Challenges in modelling complexity of fungal entomopathogens in semi-natural populations of insects. THE ECOLOGY OF FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGENS 2009. [PMCID: PMC7120796 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3966-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Baverstock J, Roy HE, Clark SJ, Alderson PG, Pell JK. Effect of fungal infection on the reproductive potential of aphids and their progeny. J Invertebr Pathol 2006; 91:136-9. [PMID: 16410010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of infection by Pandora neoaphidis and Beauveria bassiana on the reproductive potential of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and their progeny was assessed. Infection by either P. neoaphidis or B. bassiana reduced the number of nymphs produced within 24 h of inoculation and over the entire infection period compared to uninfected aphids. However, infection by either P. neoaphidis or B. bassiana for 24 or 72 h did not alter the intrinsic rate of increase of the host aphid's progeny. Therefore, fungal infection appears to have no indirect effects on the fitness of the host's progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baverstock
- Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Roy HE, Steinkraus DC, Eilenberg J, Hajek AE, Pell JK. Bizarre interactions and endgames: entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2006; 51:331-57. [PMID: 16332215 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate pathogens and their hosts are taxonomically diverse. Despite this, there is one unifying concept relevant to all such parasitic associations: Both pathogen and host adapt to maximize their own reproductive output and ultimate fitness. The strategies adopted by pathogens and hosts to achieve this goal are almost as diverse as the organisms themselves, but studies examining such relationships have traditionally concentrated only on aspects of host physiology. Here we review examples of host-altered behavior and consider these within a broad ecological and evolutionary context. Research on pathogen-induced and host-mediated behavioral changes demonstrates the range of altered behaviors exhibited by invertebrates including behaviorally induced fever, elevation seeking, reduced or increased activity, reduced response to semiochemicals, and changes in reproductive behavior. These interactions are sometimes quite bizarre, intricate, and of great scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Roy
- Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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Furlong MJ, Pell JK. Conflicts between a fungal entomopathogen, Zoophthora radicans, and two larval parasitoids of the diamondback moth. J Invertebr Pathol 2000; 76:85-94. [PMID: 11023731 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2000.4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are all natural enemies of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Adult C. plutellae are not susceptible to Z. radicans infection but the pathogen can infect and kill adult D. semiclausum. Infection of adult D. semiclausum prior to exposure to P. xylostella host larvae significantly reduced the number of parasitoid cocoons subsequently developing from the host larvae. Although Z. radicans infection of P. xylostella larvae prior to parasitism by D. semiclausum or C. plutellae always resulted in the death of the immature parasitoids, neither species discriminated between healthy and Z. radicans-infected host larvae in an oviposition choice experiment. However, host larvae recently killed by Z. radicans were always rejected by D. semiclausum but sometimes accepted by C. plutellae. At 20 degrees C, egg to pupa development took 6.7 and 7.8 days for D. semiclausum and C. plutellae, respectively. C. plutellae parasitism significantly increased host instar duration but D. semiclausum parasitism did not. Cadavers of P. xylostella larvae parasitized 1 day prior to fungal infection showed no reduction in Z. radicans conidia yield. However, cadavers of larvae parasitized 3 days prior to fungal infection demonstrated a marked decrease in Z. radicans conidia yield. Z. radicans infection of P. xylostella larvae < or = 4 days after parasitism resulted in 100% parasitoid mortality; thereafter, the reduction in parasitoid cocoon yield decreased as the time between parasitism and initiation of fungal infection increased. The extended duration of the host larval stage induced by C. plutellae parasitism increased the availability of the parasitoid to the pathogen. Estimates of interspecific competition indicated a similar pattern for the interaction between Z. radicans and each species of parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Furlong
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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Reddy GV, Furlong MJ, Pell JK, Poppy GM. Zoophthora radicans infection inhibits the response to and production of sex pheromone in the diamondback moth. J Invertebr Pathol 1998; 72:167-9. [PMID: 9709018 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1998.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G V Reddy
- Entomology and Nematology Department, IACR-Rothamsted Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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