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Chen H, Erley J, Muellerleile K, Saering D, Jahnke C, Cavus E, Schneider JN, Blankenberg S, Lund GK, Adam G, Tahir E, Sinn M. Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI is superior to non-contrast mapping to predict left ventricular remodeling at 6 months after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1863-1874. [PMID: 37665392 PMCID: PMC10873445 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parametric mapping constitutes a novel cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) technique enabling quantitative assessment of pathologic alterations of left ventricular (LV) myocardium. This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of mapping techniques with and without contrast agent compared to standard CMR to predict adverse LV remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A post hoc analysis was performed on sixty-four consecutively enrolled patients (57 ± 12 years, 54 men) with first-time reperfused AMI. Baseline CMR was obtained at 8 ± 5 days post-AMI, and follow-up CMR at 6 ± 1.4 months. T1/T2 mapping, T2-weighted, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) acquisitions were performed at baseline and cine imaging was used to determine adverse LV remodeling, defined as end-diastolic volume increase by 20% at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 11 (17%) patients developed adverse LV remodeling. At baseline, patients with LV remodeling showed larger edema (30 ± 11 vs. 22 ± 10%LV; p < 0.05), infarct size (24 ± 11 vs. 14 ± 8%LV; p < 0.001), extracellular volume (ECVinfarct; 63 ± 12 vs. 47 ± 11%; p < 0.001), and native T2infarct (95 ± 16 vs. 78 ± 17 ms; p < 0.01). ECVinfarct and infarct size by LGE were the best predictors of LV remodeling with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.843 and 0.789, respectively (all p < 0.01). Native T1infarct had the lowest AUC of 0.549 (p = 0.668) and was inferior to edema size by T2-weighted imaging (AUC = 0.720; p < 0.05) and native T2infarct (AUC = 0.766; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study, ECVinfarct and infarct size by LGE were the best predictors for the development of LV remodeling within 6 months after AMI, with a better discriminative performance than non-contrast mapping CMR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study demonstrates the predictive value of contrast-enhanced and non-contrast as well as conventional and novel CMR techniques for the development of LV remodeling following AMI, which might help define precise CMR endpoints in experimental and clinical myocardial infarction trials. KEY POINTS • Multiparametric CMR provides insights into left ventricular remodeling at 6 months following an acute myocardial infarction. • Extracellular volume fraction and infarct size are the best predictors for adverse left ventricular remodeling. • Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping has a better predictive performance than non-contrast standard CMR and T1/T2 mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Erley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Muellerleile
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Saering
- Information Technology and Image Processing, University of Applied Sciences, Wedel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Jahnke
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ersin Cavus
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan N Schneider
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar K Lund
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Enver Tahir
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Sinn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Frangogiannis NG. TGF-β as a therapeutic target in the infarcted and failing heart: cellular mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:45-56. [PMID: 38329809 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2316735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis accompanies most cardiac conditions and can be reparative or maladaptive. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β is a potent fibrogenic mediator, involved in repair, remodeling, and fibrosis of the injured heart. AREAS COVERED This review manuscript discusses the role of TGF-β in heart failure focusing on cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. TGF-β is activated in infarcted, remodeling and failing hearts. In addition to its fibrogenic actions, TGF-β has a broad range of effects on cardiomyocytes, immune, and vascular cells that may have both protective and detrimental consequences. TGF-β-mediated effects on macrophages promote anti-inflammatory transition, whereas actions on fibroblasts mediate reparative scar formation and effects on pericytes are involved in maturation of infarct neovessels. On the other hand, TGF-β actions on cardiomyocytes promote adverse remodeling, and prolonged activation of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts stimulates progression of fibrosis and heart failure. EXPERT OPINION Understanding of the cell-specific actions of TGF-β is necessary to design therapeutic strategies in patients with myocardial disease. Moreover, to implement therapeutic interventions in the heterogeneous population of heart failure patients, mechanism-driven classification of both HFrEF and HFpEF patients is needed. Heart failure patients with prolonged or overactive fibrogenic TGF-β responses may benefit from cautious TGF-β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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3
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Abdelhady SA, Ali MA, Yacout DM, Essawy MM, Kandil LS, El-Mas MM. The suppression of MAPK/NOX/MMP signaling prompts renoprotection conferred by prenatal naproxen in weaning preeclamptic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17498. [PMID: 37840054 PMCID: PMC10577149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for fever and pain during pregnancy, their possible interaction with perinatal renal injury induced by preeclampsia (PE) has not been addressed. Here, studies were undertaken in the N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) PE model to assess the influence of gestational NSAIDs on renal damage in weaning dams. PE-evoked increments and decrements in urine protein and creatinine clearance, respectively, were intensified by celecoxib and weakened by diclofenac or naproxen. Naproxen also improved renal cloudy swelling, necrosis, and reduced glomerular area evoked by PE. The concomitant rises in renal expression of markers of oxidative stress (NOX2/4), extracellular matrix metaloproteinase deposition (MMP9), and prostanoids (PGE2, PGF2α, TXA2) were all more effectively reduced by naproxen compared with celecoxib or diclofenac. Western blotting showed tripled expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; p-p38, p-JNK1, p-ERK1, p-ERK2) in PE kidneys that was overturned by all NSAIDs, with naproxen producing the largest drop in p-ERK2 expression. The PE-provoked elevation in renal expression of autophagic marker LC3 was reduced by naproxen and diclofenac, but not celecoxib. The data suggests superior effect for naproxen over other NSAIDs in rectifying preeclamptic renal injury and predisposing inflammatory, oxidative, autophagic, and fibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien A Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt.
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Yacout
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia S Kandil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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4
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Yang Q, Zong X, Zhuang L, Pan R, Tudi X, Fan Q, Tao R. PFKFB3 Inhibitor 3PO Reduces Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 Pathway. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1072. [PMID: 37509108 PMCID: PMC10377206 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling, including cardiac fibrosis, after myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of long-term heart failure. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism, also plays an important role in various fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. However, its effects on MI remain unknown. Here, PFKFB3 inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO) and a permanent left anterior descending ligation mouse model were used to explore the functional role of PFKFB3 in MI. We showed that PFKFB3 expression increased significantly in the area of cardiac infarction during the early phase after MI, peaking on day 3. 3PO treatment markedly improved cardiac function, accompanied by decreased infarction size and collagen density in the infarct area. Meanwhile, 3PO attenuated cardiac fibrosis after MI by reducing the expression of collagen and fibronectin in murine hearts. Notably, 3PO reduced PFKFB3 expression and inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta 1/mothers against the decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (TGF-β1/SMAD2/3) signaling pathway to inhibit cardiac fibrosis after MI. Moreover, PFKFB3 expression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) increased significantly after MI and under hypoxia, whereas 3PO alleviated the migratory capacity and activation of NRCFs induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, 3PO effectively reduced fibrosis and improved adverse cardiac remodeling after MI, suggesting PFKFB3 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Roubai Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xierenayi Tudi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Garlapati V, Molitor M, Michna T, Harms GS, Finger S, Jung R, Lagrange J, Efentakis P, Wild J, Knorr M, Karbach S, Wild S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Münzel T, Daiber A, Brandt M, Gori T, Milting H, Tenzer S, Ruf W, Wenzel P. Targeting myeloid cell coagulation signaling blocks MAP kinase/TGF-β1-driven fibrotic remodeling in ischemic heart failure. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156436. [PMID: 36548062 PMCID: PMC9927945 DOI: 10.1172/jci156436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in acute interventions for myocardial infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and excess fibrosis after MI causing ischemic heart failure (IHF) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here we identify a profibrotic coagulation signaling pathway that can be targeted for improved cardiac function following MI with persistent ischemia. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of cardiac tissue revealed an upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human IHF. Intervention in this pathway with trametinib improves myocardial function and prevents fibrotic remodeling in a murine model of non-reperfused MI. MAPK activation in MI requires myeloid cell signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 linked to the cytoplasmic domain of the coagulation initiator tissue factor (TF). They act upstream of pro-oxidant NOX2 NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of profibrotic TGF-β1. Specific targeting with the TF inhibitor nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (NAPc2) starting 1 day after established experimental MI averts IHF. Increased TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation in circulating monocytes from patients with subacute MI identifies a potential thromboinflammatory biomarker reflective of increased risk for IHF and suitable for patient selection to receive targeted TF inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Michna
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory S Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany and.,Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Knorr
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, Germany and.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Tepus M, Tonoli E, Verderio EAM. Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1041327. [PMID: 36712680 PMCID: PMC9877239 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also known as kidney failure, when the only possible treatments are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The end point of nearly all forms of CKD is kidney fibrosis, a process of unsuccessful wound-healing of kidney tissue. Detection of kidney fibrosis, therefore, often means detection of CKD. Renal biopsy remains the best test for renal scarring, despite being intrinsically limited by its invasiveness and sampling bias. Urine is a desirable source of fibrosis biomarkers as it can be easily obtained in a non-invasive way and in large volumes. Besides, urine contains biomolecules filtered through the glomeruli, mirroring the pathological state. There is, however, a problem of highly abundant urinary proteins that can mask rare disease biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which originate from renal cells and carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are an attractive source of potential rare CKD biomarkers. Their cargo consists of low-abundant proteins but highly concentrated in a nanosize-volume, as well as molecules too large to be filtered from plasma. Combining molecular profiling data (protein and miRNAs) of uEVs, isolated from patients affected by various forms of CKD, this review considers the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of uEVs biomarkers and their potential application in the translation of new experimental antifibrotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tepus
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta A. M. Verderio
- Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Elisabetta A. M. Verderio,
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Yang W, Wang H, Guo Q, Xu X, Guo T, Sun L. Roles of TRPV4 in Regulating Circulating Angiogenic Cells to Promote Coronary Microvascular Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:414-426. [PMID: 36103035 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms underlying TRPV4 regulating angiogenesis by enhancing the activity of CACs, we detected the angiogenesis ability of HUVEC co-cultured with CACs, the effects of ILK on TRPV4 expression and CACs activity, and the impacts of TRPV4 agonist or inhibitor on cardio-protection of AMI rats with or without CAC transplantation. ILK overexpression or TRPV4 agonist promoted the angiogenesis in HUVEC co-cultured with CACs. ILK overexpression or activation upregulated TRPV4 expression in CACs, while TRPV4 agonist stimulation also regulated ILK expression. TRPV4 agonist effectively improved the myocardial function of AMI rats. Moreover, this effect could be strengthened when combined with CAC transplantation, as CAC transplantation dramatically upregulated the expression of ILK and TRPV4 in heart tissues of AMI rats. Thus, the application of TRPV4 agonist may maintain the activity of CACs to promote angiogenesis and microcirculation reconstruction in the area of myocardial infarction and substantially improve the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiuzhe Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
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8
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Limb-Bud and Heart (LBH) Upregulation in Cardiomyocytes under Hypoxia Promotes the Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts via Exosome Secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:8939449. [PMID: 36110098 PMCID: PMC9470350 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8939449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) after myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for post-MI infarct healing, during which the regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling is predominant. We have demonstrated that TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of LBH contributes to post-MI CF activation via modulating αB-crystallin (CRYAB), after being upregulated by TGF-β1. In this study, the effect of LBH-CRYAB signaling on the cardiac microenvironment via exosome communication and the corresponding mechanisms were investigated. The upregulation of LBH and CRYAB was verified in both cardiomyocytes (CMs) and CFs in hypoxic, post-MI peri-infarct tissues. CM-derived exosomes were isolated and identified, and LBH distribution was elevated in exosomes derived from LBH-upregulated CMs under hypoxia. Treatment with LBH+ exosomes promoted cellular proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in CFs. Additionally, in primary LBHKO CFs, western blotting showed that LBH knockout partially inhibited TGF-β1-induced CF activation, while LBH-CRYAB signaling affected TGF-β1 expression and secretion through a positive feedback loop. The administration of a Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor to LBHKO CFs under TGF-β1 stimulation indicated that Smad3 phosphorylation partially accounted for TGF-β1-induced LBH upregulation. In conclusion, LBH upregulation in CMs in post-MI peri-infarct areas correlated with a hypoxic cardiac microenvironment and led to elevated exosomal LBH levels, promoting the activation of recipient CFs, which brings new insights into the studies and therapeutic strategies of post-MI cardiac repair.
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Mongkolpathumrat P, Kijtawornrat A, Suwan E, Unajak S, Panya A, Pusadee T, Kumphune S. Anti-Protease Activity Deficient Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Exerts Cardioprotective Effect against Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050988. [PMID: 35625725 PMCID: PMC9138276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of proteases shows therapeutic potential. Our previous studies demonstrated the cardioprotection by the Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is unclear whether the cardioprotective effect of SLPI seen in our previous works is due to the inhibition of protease enzymes. Several studies demonstrate that the anti-protease independent activity of SLPI could provide therapeutic benefits. Here, we show for the first time that recombinant protein of anti-protease deficient mutant SLPI (L72K, M73G, L74G) (mt-SLPI) could significantly reduce cell death and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production against an in vitro simulated I/R injury. Furthermore, post-ischaemic treatment of mt-SLPI is found to significantly reduce infarct size and cardiac biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, improve cardiac functions, attenuate I/R induced-p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and reduce apoptotic regulatory protein levels, including Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3 and total Capase-8, in rats subjected to an in vivo I/R injury. Additionally, the beneficial effect of mt-SLPI was not significantly different from the wildtype (wt-SLPI). In summary, SLPI could provide cardioprotection without anti-protease activity, which could be more clinically beneficial in terms of providing cardioprotection without interfering with basal serine protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Eukote Suwan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-624-693-987
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At the Intersection of Cardiology and Oncology: TGFβ as a Clinically Translatable Therapy for TNBC Treatment and as a Major Regulator of Post-Chemotherapy Cardiomyopathy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061577. [PMID: 35326728 PMCID: PMC8946238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Specific/targeted therapies have been shown to be effective in the treatment of certain cancers. Unfortunately, there is currently no targeted therapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is why this subtype of breast cancer is associated with poor patient prognosis. While there is an immense focus on the development of new therapies, the issue of cardiotoxicity following chemotherapeutic treatment is commonly overlooked, despite its role as a leading cause of mortality in cancer survivors. This review aims to discuss the connection of TGF-β signaling and its role in modulating cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, as well as its role in TNBC tumor progression, cancer stem cell enrichment, chemoresistance and relapse. Together, we highlight the modulation of TGF-β as a method to target two of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths due to the lack of specific targets for effective treatments. While there is immense focus on the development of novel therapies for TNBC treatment, a persistent and critical issue is the rate of heart failure and cardiomyopathy, which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst cancer survivors. In this review, we highlight mechanisms of post-chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity exposure, evaluate how this is assessed clinically and highlight the transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-β) pathway and its significance as a mediator of cardiomyopathy. We also highlight recent findings demonstrating TGF-β inhibition as a potent method to prevent cardiac remodeling, fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. We describe how dysregulation of the TGF-β pathway is associated with negative patient outcomes across 32 types of cancer, including TNBC. We then highlight how TGF-β modulation may be a potent method to target mesenchymal (CD44+/CD24−) and epithelial (ALDHhigh) cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in TNBC models. CSCs are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, relapse, resistance and diminished patient prognosis; however, due to plasticity and differential regulation, these populations remain difficult to target and continue to present a major barrier to successful therapy. TGF-β inhibition represents an intersection of two fields: cardiology and oncology. Through the inhibition of cardiomyopathy, cardiac damage and heart failure may be prevented, and through CSC targeting, patient prognoses may be improved. Together, both approaches, if successfully implemented, would target the two greatest causes of cancer-related morbidity in patients and potentially lead to a breakthrough therapy.
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11
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Saadeh K, Chadda KR, Ahmad S, Valli H, Nanthakumar N, Fazmin IT, Edling CE, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Molecular basis of ventricular arrhythmogenicity in a Pgc-1α deficient murine model. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100753. [PMID: 33898262 PMCID: PMC8059080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Murine Pgc-1α-/- hearts replicate disrupted mitochondrial function and model the associated pro-arrhythmic electrophysiological abnormalities. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and histological analysis were used to investigate the molecular basis of the electrophysiological changes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. qPCR analysis implicated downregulation of genes related to Na+-K+ ATPase activity (Atp1b1), surface Ca2+ entry (Cacna1c), action potential repolarisation (Kcnn1), autonomic function (Adra1d, Adcy4, Pde4d, Prkar2a), and morphological properties (Myh6, Tbx3) in murine Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. Western blotting revealed reduced NaV1.5 but normal Cx43 expression. Histological analysis revealed increased tissue fibrosis in the Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. These present findings identify altered transcription amongst a strategically selected set of genes established as encoding proteins involved in cardiac electrophysiological activation and therefore potentially involved in alterations in ventricular activation and Ca2+ homeostasis in arrhythmic substrate associated with Pgc-1α deficiency. They complement and complete previous studies examining such expression characteristics in the atria and ventricles of Pgc-1 deficient murine hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadeh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karan R. Chadda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Shiraz Ahmad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Valli
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nakulan Nanthakumar
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim T. Fazmin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Edling
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
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12
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Pluijmert NJ, Atsma DE, Quax PHA. Post-ischemic Myocardial Inflammatory Response: A Complex and Dynamic Process Susceptible to Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647785. [PMID: 33996944 PMCID: PMC8113407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial ischemia and implementing first-line treatment involving rapid reperfusion, a dynamic and balanced inflammatory response is initiated to repair and remove damaged cells. Paradoxically, restoration of myocardial blood flow exacerbates cell damage as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, which eventually provokes accelerated apoptosis. In the end, the infarct size still corresponds to the subsequent risk of developing heart failure. Therefore, true understanding of the mechanisms regarding MI-R injury, and its contribution to cell damage and cell death, are of the utmost importance in the search for successful therapeutic interventions to finally prevent the onset of heart failure. This review focuses on the role of innate immunity, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in all three overlapping phases following experimental, mainly murine, MI-R injury known as the inflammatory, reparative, and maturation phase. It provides a complete state-of-the-art overview including most current research of all post-ischemic processes and phases and additionally summarizes the use of immunomodulatory therapies translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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13
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Aujla PK, Kassiri Z. Diverse origins and activation of fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109869. [PMID: 33278559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs) have emerged as a heterogenous cell population. Fibroblasts are considered the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and as such a dysregulation in cFB function, activity, or viability can lead to disrupted ECM structure or fibrosis. Fibrosis can be initiated in response to different injuries and stimuli, and can be reparative (beneficial) or reactive (damaging). FBs need to be activated to myofibroblasts (MyoFBs) which have augmented capacity in synthesizing ECM proteins, causing fibrosis. In addition to the resident FBs in the myocardium, a number of other cells (pericytes, fibrocytes, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cells) can transform into MyoFBs, further driving the fibrotic response. Multiple molecules including hormones, cytokines, and growth factors stimulate this process leading to generation of activated MyoFBs. Contribution of different cell types to cFBs and MyoFBs can result in an exponential increase in the number of MyoFBs and an accelerated pro-fibrotic response. Given the diversity of the cell sources, and the array of interconnected signalling pathways that lead to formation of MyoFBs and subsequently fibrosis, identifying a single target to limit the fibrotic response in the myocardium has been challenging. This review article will delineate the importance and relevance of fibroblast heterogeneity in mediating fibrosis in different models of heart failure and will highlight important signalling pathways implicated in myofibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetinder K Aujla
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Sun X, Chen G, Xie Y, Jiang D, Han J, Chen F, Song Y. Qiliqiangxin improves cardiac function and attenuates cardiac remodelling in doxorubicin-induced heart failure rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:417-426. [PMID: 32429724 PMCID: PMC7301709 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1761403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Therapeutic doxorubicin administration is restricted as this anticancer drug may be cardiotoxic. The traditional Chinese medicine qiliqiangxin has been approved for clinical treatment of chronic heart failure.Objective: To explore the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of qiliqiangxin on doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) in rats.Materials and methods: A CHF rat model was established via intraperitoneal DOX injections (2.5 mg/kg/week) for 6 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to control, CHF, CHF + QL (1.0 g/kg/d), or captopril (3.8 mg/kg/d) treatment groups (n = 10) for 4 weeks. MicroRNA sequencing elucidated the molecular mechanisms of qiliqiangxin on doxorubicin-induced CHF in rats.Results: Unlike in the CHF group, QL significantly reduced Bax:Bcl-2 (2.05 ± 0.23 vs. 0.94 ± 0.09, p < 0.05) and the levels of collagen I (0.19 ± 0.02 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01, p < 0.05), collagen III (0.19 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), TGF-β1 (5.28 ± 0.89 vs. 2.47 ± 0.51, p < 0.05), Smad3 (1.23 ± 0.12 vs. 0.78 ± 0.09, p < 0.05), MMP-2 (0.89 ± 0.01 vs. 0.53 ± 0.05, p < 0.05), and TIMP-2 (0.24 ± 0.03 vs. 0.44 ± 0.03, p < 0.05). QL also upregulated TGF-β3 (0.65 ± 0.06 vs. 0.96 ± 0.10, p < 0.05) and Smad7 (0.09 ± 0.01 vs. 0.19 ± 0.023, p < 0.05). Moreover, Smad3 was a target of miR-345-3p.Discussion and Conclusions: The beneficial effects of QL on DOX-induced CHF in rats are mediated by reduction in myocardial fibrosis, promotion of TGF-β3/Smad7, and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3. QL may also modulate specific miRNAs. These results provide evidence that QL might be an effective treatment for DOX-induced CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Deyou Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jieru Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunjia Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Wang D, Tian L, Lv H, Pang Z, Li D, Yao Z, Wang S. Chlorogenic acid prevents acute myocardial infarction in rats by reducing inflammatory damage and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110773. [PMID: 33022535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) through diet is very important and that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods can improve cardiovascular health. In this study, adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The chlorogenic acid (CGA) group (n = 18) was administered 100 mg/kg/day CGA by gavage, and the control (CON) group (n = 18) was given the equivalent volume of water for 4 weeks. A model of MI was established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, which was monitored by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Blood samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and biochemical experiments 24 h after the operation. In addition, histopathological analysis was performed to assess the size and severity of the infarct area. The administration of CGA before MI minimized weight gain and was associated with decreased postoperative mortality. CGA moderated the coronary artery ligation-induced changes observed by ECG and decreased the plasma levels of the myocardial markers. In the histopathological analysis, CGA notably reduced infarct size and decreased myocardial injury and fibrosis. Furthermore, CGA significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and this reduction was accompanied by an upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. This study indicated that CGA improved the survival rate after MI and demonstrated that CGA had a protective effect on MI by reducing the inflammatory response and exerting antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liuyang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhihua Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Zhuhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300121, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Dookun E, Walaszczyk A, Redgrave R, Palmowski P, Tual‐Chalot S, Suwana A, Chapman J, Jirkovsky E, Donastorg Sosa L, Gill E, Yausep OE, Santin Y, Mialet‐Perez J, Andrew Owens W, Grieve D, Spyridopoulos I, Taggart M, Arthur HM, Passos JF, Richardson GD. Clearance of senescent cells during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury improves recovery. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13249. [PMID: 32996233 PMCID: PMC7576252 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A key component of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the increased generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to enhanced inflammation and tissue dysfunction in patients following intervention for myocardial infarction. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress, due to ischemia-reperfusion, induces senescence which contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac IRI. We demonstrate that IRI induces cellular senescence in both cardiomyocytes and interstitial cell populations and treatment with the senolytic drug navitoclax after ischemia-reperfusion improves left ventricular function, increases myocardial vascularization, and decreases scar size. SWATH-MS-based proteomics revealed that biological processes associated with fibrosis and inflammation that were increased following ischemia-reperfusion were attenuated upon senescent cell clearance. Furthermore, navitoclax treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory, profibrotic, and anti-angiogenic cytokines, including interferon gamma-induced protein-10, TGF-β3, interleukin-11, interleukin-16, and fractalkine. Our study provides proof-of-concept evidence that cellular senescence contributes to impaired heart function and adverse remodeling following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. We also establish that post-IRI the SASP plays a considerable role in the inflammatory response. Subsequently, senolytic treatment, at a clinically feasible time-point, attenuates multiple components of this response and improves clinically important parameters. Thus, cellular senescence represents a potential novel therapeutic avenue to improve patient outcomes following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dookun
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anna Walaszczyk
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Pawel Palmowski
- School of Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceAgriculture & EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Averina Suwana
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - James Chapman
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | - Eleanor Gill
- School of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical SciencesCentre for Experimental MedicineInstitute for Health SciencesQueen`s University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Oliver E Yausep
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | - W Andrew Owens
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - David Grieve
- School of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical SciencesCentre for Experimental MedicineInstitute for Health SciencesQueen`s University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Michael Taggart
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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17
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Zeigler AC, Nelson AR, Chandrabhatla AS, Brazhkina O, Holmes JW, Saucerman JJ. Computational model predicts paracrine and intracellular drivers of fibroblast phenotype after myocardial infarction. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:136-151. [PMID: 32209358 PMCID: PMC7434705 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast is a key mediator of wound healing in the heart and other organs, yet how it integrates multiple time-dependent paracrine signals to control extracellular matrix synthesis has been difficult to study in vivo. Here, we extended a computational model to simulate the dynamics of fibroblast signaling and fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in response to time-dependent data for nine paracrine stimuli. This computational model was validated against dynamic collagen expression and collagen area fraction data from post-infarction rat hearts. The model predicted that while many features of the fibroblast phenotype at inflammatory or maturation phases of healing could be recapitulated by single static paracrine stimuli (interleukin-1 and angiotensin-II, respectively), mimicking the reparative phase required paired stimuli (e.g. TGFβ and endothelin-1). Virtual overexpression screens simulated with either static cytokine pairs or post-MI paracrine dynamic predicted phase-specific regulators of collagen expression. Several regulators increased (Smad3) or decreased (Smad7, protein kinase G) collagen expression specifically in the reparative phase. NADPH oxidase (NOX) overexpression sustained collagen expression from reparative to maturation phases, driven by TGFβ and endothelin positive feedback loops. Interleukin-1 overexpression had mixed effects, both enhancing collagen via the TGFβ positive feedback loop and suppressing collagen via NFκB and BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) incoherent feed-forward loops. These model-based predictions reveal network mechanisms by which the dynamics of paracrine stimuli and interacting signaling pathways drive the progression of fibroblast phenotypes and fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Zeigler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA
| | - Anders R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anirudha S Chandrabhatla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA
| | - Olga Brazhkina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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18
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Chang CY, Chien YJ, Lin PC, Chen CS, Wu MY. Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome and Hypothyroidism in Ischemic Heart Disease Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5847674. [PMID: 32459357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The association of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) and hypothyroidism with the prognosis in ischemic heart disease (IHD) population is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the influence of NTIS and hypothyroidism on all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in IHD population. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception through February 17, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Original articles enrolling IHD patients, comparing all-cause mortality and MACE of NTIS and hypothyroidism with those of euthyroidism, and providing sufficient information for meta-analysis were considered eligible. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant information and numerical data were extracted for methodological assessment and meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-three studies were included. The IHD population with NTIS was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89-3.59) and MACE (HR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.71-2.89) than that without. In addition, the IHD population with hypothyroidism was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.10-1.97) and MACE (HR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.19-1.97) than that without. In the subgroup analysis, the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subpopulation with NTIS was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 3.30; 95% CI = 2.43-4.48) and MACE (HR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.45-3.30). The ACS subpopulation with hypothyroidism was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.17-2.39). CONCLUSIONS The IHD population with concomitant NTIS or hypothyroidism was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and MACE. Future research is required to provide evidence of the causal relationship and to elucidate whether normalizing thyroid function parameters can improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jiun Chien
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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19
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Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Vakili S, Derakhshan M, Movahedpour A, Dabiri H, Ghasemi Y, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Nikoozadeh A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32517807 PMCID: PMC7281690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Development Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Nikoozadeh
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine,Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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20
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Soliman H, Paylor B, Scott RW, Lemos DR, Chang C, Arostegui M, Low M, Lee C, Fiore D, Braghetta P, Pospichalova V, Barkauskas CE, Korinek V, Rampazzo A, MacLeod K, Underhill TM, Rossi FMV. Pathogenic Potential of Hic1-Expressing Cardiac Stromal Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:205-220.e8. [PMID: 31978365 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac stroma contains multipotent mesenchymal progenitors. However, lineage relationships within cardiac stromal cells are poorly defined. Here, we identified heart-resident PDGFRa+ SCA-1+ cells as cardiac fibro/adipogenic progenitors (cFAPs) and show that they respond to ischemic damage by generating fibrogenic cells. Pharmacological blockade of this differentiation step with an anti-fibrotic tyrosine kinase inhibitor decreases post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) remodeling and leads to improvement in cardiac function. In the undamaged heart, activation of cFAPs through lineage-specific deletion of the gene encoding the quiescence-associated factor HIC1 reveals additional pathogenic potential, causing fibrofatty infiltration within the myocardium and driving major pathological features pathognomonic in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). In this regard, cFAPs contribute to multiple pathogenic cell types within cardiac tissue and therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying their activity are expected to have tremendous benefit for the treatment of diverse cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ben Paylor
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Wilder Scott
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - ChihKai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Martin Arostegui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marcela Low
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christina Lee
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniela Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elana 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vendula Pospichalova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Christina E Barkauskas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Kathleen MacLeod
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Research Group, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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21
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Tran BH, Yu Y, Chang L, Tan B, Jia W, Xiong Y, Dai T, Zhong R, Zhang W, Le VM, Rose P, Wang Z, Mao Y, Zhu YZ. A Novel Liposomal S-Propargyl-Cysteine: A Sustained Release of Hydrogen Sulfide Reducing Myocardial Fibrosis via TGF-β1/Smad Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:10061-10077. [PMID: 31920303 PMCID: PMC6935304 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC; alternatively known as ZYZ-802) is a novel modulator of endogenous tissue H2S concentrations with known cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its rapid metabolism and excretion have limited its clinical application. To overcome these issues, we have developed some novel liposomal carriers to deliver ZYZ-802 to cells and tissues and have characterized their physicochemical, morphological and pharmacological properties. Methods Two liposomal formulations of ZYZ-802 were prepared by thin-layer hydration and the morphological characteristics of each liposome system were assessed using a laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. The entrapment efficiency and ZYZ-802 release profiles were determined following ultrafiltration centrifugation, dialysis tube and HPLC measurements. LC-MS/MS was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution profiles of each formulation via the measurements of plasma and tissues ZYZ-802 and H2S concentrations. Using an in vivo model of heart failure (HF), the cardio-protective effects of liposomal carrier were determined by echocardiography, histopathology, Western blot and the assessment of antioxidant and myocardial fibrosis markers. Results Both liposomal formulations improved ZYZ-802 pharmacokinetics and optimized H2S concentrations in plasma and tissues. Liposomal ZYZ-802 showed enhanced cardioprotective effects in vivo. Importantly, liposomal ZYZ-802 could inhibit myocardial fibrosis via the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Conclusion The liposomal formulations of ZYZ-802 have enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties in vivo. This work is the first report to describe the development of liposomal formulations to improve the sustained release of H2S within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Hieu Tran
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology of PLA, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Van Minh Le
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology (NIH), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yicheng Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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22
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Hanna A, Frangogiannis NG. The Role of the TGF-β Superfamily in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:140. [PMID: 31620450 PMCID: PMC6760019 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Myocardial infarction is associated with induction of several members of the superfamily, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-10, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-8, GDF-11 and activin A. This manuscript reviews our current knowledge on the patterns and mechanisms of regulation and activation of TGF-β superfamily members in the infarcted heart, and discusses their cellular actions and downstream signaling mechanisms. In the infarcted heart, TGF-β isoforms modulate cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophic responses, critically regulate immune cell function, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate a matrix-preserving program. BMP subfamily members have been suggested to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and may regulate fibrosis. Members of the GDF subfamily may also modulate survival and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and regulate inflammation. Important actions of TGF-β superfamily members may be mediated through activation of Smad-dependent or non-Smad pathways. The critical role of TGF-β signaling cascades in cardiac repair, remodeling, fibrosis, and regeneration may suggest attractive therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction patients. However, the pleiotropic, cell-specific, and context-dependent actions of TGF-β superfamily members pose major challenges in therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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23
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Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Lee TYT, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Seubert JM. Insights into the cardioprotective properties of n-3 PUFAs against ischemic heart disease via modulation of the innate immune system. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:20-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Xue K, Zhang J, Li C, Li J, Wang C, Zhang Q, Chen X, Yu X, Sun L, Yu X. The role and mechanism of transforming growth factor beta 3 in human myocardial infarction-induced myocardial fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4229-4243. [PMID: 30983140 PMCID: PMC6533491 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a crucial role in tissue fibrosis. A number of studies have shown that TGFβ3 significantly attenuated tissue fibrosis. However, the mechanism involved in this effect is poorly understood. In this study we found that the expression level of TGFβ3 was higher in human myocardial infarction (MI) tissues than in normal tissues, and interestingly, it increased with the development of fibrosis post‐myocardial infarction (post‐MI). In vitro, human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were incubated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to mimic the ischaemic myocardium microenvironment and used to investigate the anti‐fibrotic mechanism of TGFβ3. Then, fibrosis‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. It was revealed that TGFβ3 up‐regulation attenuated the proliferation, migration of human CFs and the expression of collagens, which are the main contributors to fibrosis, promoted the phenotype shift and the cross‐linking of collagens. Importantly, the expression of collagens was higher in the si‐smad7 groups than in the control groups, while silencing smad7 increased the phosphorylation level of the TGFβ/smad signalling pathway. Collectively, these results indicated that TGFβ3 inhibited fibrosis via the TGFβ/smad signalling pathway, possibly attributable to the regulation of smad7, and that TGFβ3 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis post‐MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianlu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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25
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Exogenous GDF11 attenuates non-canonical TGF-β signaling to protect the heart from acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:20. [PMID: 30900023 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) superfamily that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy, improves muscle regeneration and angiogenesis, and maintains progenitor cells in injured tissue. Recently, targeted myocardial delivery of the GDF11 gene in aged mice was found to reduce heart failure and enhance the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). No investigations have as yet explored the cardioprotective effect of exogenous recombinant GDF11 in acute I-R injury, despite the convenience of its clinical application. We sought to determine whether exogenous recombinant GDF11 protects against acute myocardial I-R injury and investigate the underlying mechanism in Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that GDF11 reduced arrhythmia severity and successfully attenuated myocardial infarction; GDF11 also increased cardiac function after I-R, enhanced HO-1 expression and decreased oxidative damage. GDF11 activated the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway and inactivated the non-canonical pathways, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Moreover, administration of GDF11 prior to reperfusion protected the heart from reperfusion damage. Notably, pretreatment with the activin-binding protein, follistatin (FST), inhibited the cardioprotective effects of GDF11 by blocking its activation of Smad2/3 signaling and its inactivation of detrimental TGF-β signaling. Our data suggest that exogenous GDF11 has cardioprotective effects and may have morphologic and functional recovery in the early stage of myocardial I-R injury. GDF11 may be an innovative therapeutic approach for reducing myocardial I-R injury.
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26
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Zhuang Y, Li T, Zhuang Y, Li Z, Yang W, Huang Q, Li D, Wu H, Zhang G, Yang T, Zhan L, Pan Z, Lu Y. Involvement of lncR-30245 in Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ-Mediated Connective Tissue Growth Factor Signalling Pathway. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:480-489. [PMID: 30935639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important mediators of cardiac pathophysiology. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of lncR-30245, an lncRNA, on cardiac fibrogenesis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were used to induce fibrotic phenotypes. Cardiac fibrosis was detected by Masson's trichrome staining. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and pharmacological approaches were used to investigate the role of lncR-30245 in cardiac fibrogenesis. RESULTS Expression of lncR-30245 was significantly increased in MI hearts and TGF-β1-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). LncR-30245 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of lncR-30245 promoted collagen production and CF proliferation. Knockdown of lncR-30245 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced collagen production and CF proliferation. LncR-30245 overexpression inhibited the antifibrotic role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and increased connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, whereas lncR-30245 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, significantly inhibited lncR-30245-induced CTGF upregulation and collagen production in CFs. In contrast, T0070907, a PPAR-γ antagonist, attenuated the inhibitory effects of lncR-30245 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression and collagen production. LncR-30245 knockdown significantly enhanced ejection fraction and fractional shortening and attenuated cardiac fibrosis in MI mice. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the lncR-30245/PPAR-γ/CTGF pathway mediates MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and might be a therapeutic target for various cardiac diseases associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Qihe Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guiye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ti Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
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27
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Okamura K, Okuda T, Shirai K, Urata H. Increase of chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity in circulating mononuclear leukocytes after acute myocardial infarction chymase activity after acute myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1148-1157. [PMID: 30680494 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A previous clinical study revealed elevation of chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity (AIIFA) in the myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study examined the time course of chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent AIIFA in circulating mononuclear leukocytes (CML) after AMI. Consecutive patients with AMI were recruited. Chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent AIIFA in CML were assayed using a modified angiotensin I substrate with Nma/Dnp fluorescence quenching. The changes of CML AIIFA were monitored over time in the patients. Fifteen consecutive AMI patients admitted to our hospital were recruited. At 1 day after the admission, CML chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent AIIFA were 2.9- and 1.7-fold higher than at discharge, respectively. The ratio of chymase-dependent AIIFA to total AIIFA was significantly increased. AIIFA gradually decreased over time after the admission. The peak value of chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent AIIFA was significantly correlated with the maximum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.53, 0.64), lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.57, 0.62), and creatine kinase (r = 0.60, 0.65). This is the first evidence that chymase- and cathepsin G-dependent AIIFA is elevated in CML after AMI. Our data suggested that chymase-dependent AIIFA is increased in CML as well as in the myocardium after AMI, and that the level of chymase-dependent AIIFA might reflect the severity of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyoin, Chikushino-shi, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Okuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyoin, Chikushino-shi, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyoin, Chikushino-shi, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyoin, Chikushino-shi, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
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28
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Umbarkar P, Singh AP, Gupte M, Verma VK, Galindo CL, Guo Y, Zhang Q, McNamara JW, Force T, Lal H. Cardiomyocyte SMAD4-Dependent TGF-β Signaling is Essential to Maintain Adult Heart Homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:41-53. [PMID: 30847418 PMCID: PMC6390466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 is the central intracellular mediator of TGF-β pathway. CM-specific loss of SMAD4 causes cardiac dysfunction independent of fibrotic remodeling. Deletion CM-SMAD4 affects CM survival. CM-SMAD4 loss leads to down-regulation of several ion channels’ genes, resulting in cardiac conduction abnormalities. CM-SMAD4 deletion alters sarcomere shortening kinetics, in parallel with reduction in cardiac myosin-binding protein C levels. These results demonstrate a fundamental role for CM-SMAD4–dependent TGF-β signaling in adult heart homeostasis.
The role of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway in myocardial fibrosis is well recognized. However, the precise role of this signaling axis in cardiomyocyte (CM) biology is not defined. In TGF-β signaling, SMAD4 acts as the central intracellular mediator. To investigate the role of TGF-β signaling in CM biology, the authors deleted SMAD4 in adult mouse CMs. We demonstrate that CM-SMAD4–dependent TGF-β signaling is critical for maintaining cardiac function, sarcomere kinetics, ion-channel gene expression, and cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, our findings raise a significant concern regarding the therapeutic approaches that rely on systemic inhibition of the TGF-β pathway for the management of myocardial fibrosis.
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Key Words
- CM, cardiomyocyte
- CSA, cross-sectional area
- CTL, control
- DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy
- KO, knockout
- LV, left ventricle/ventricular
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCM, MerCreMer
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing
- SMAD4
- TAK1, transforming growth factor beta–activated kinase 1
- TAM, tamoxifen
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TGF-β
- cMyBP-C, cardiac myosin-binding protein C
- cardiomyocyte
- cardiomyopathy
- fibrosis
- heart failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anand P Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vipin K Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cristi L Galindo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James W McNamara
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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29
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Vu TT, Marquez J, Le LT, Nguyen ATT, Kim HK, Han J. The role of decorin in cardiovascular diseases: more than just a decoration. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1210-1219. [PMID: 30468093 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1516285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is a proteoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) possessing powerful antifibrotic, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties. By attaching to receptors in the cell surface or to several ECM molecules, it regulates plenty of cellular functions, consequently influencing cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These processes are dependent on cell types, biological contexts, and interfere with pathological processes such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the potential of DCN targeting in addressing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We dive into its interactome and discuss how its interaction with the proteins can affect disease progression, and how DCN can be a possible target for CVD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Vu
- a Faculty of Biology, National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology , VNU University of Science , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Jubert Marquez
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Long Thanh Le
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Anh Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,d Department of Integrated Biomedical Science , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
| | - Jin Han
- b National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea.,c National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center , College of Medicine, Inje University , Busan , Korea
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Abstract
After decades of directed research, no effective regenerative therapy is currently available to repair the injured human heart. The epicardium, a layer of mesothelial tissue that envelops the heart in all vertebrates, has emerged as a new player in cardiac repair and regeneration. The epicardium is essential for muscle regeneration in the zebrafish model of innate heart regeneration, and the epicardium also participates in fibrotic responses in mammalian hearts. This structure serves as a source of crucial cells, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts, during heart development and repair. The epicardium also secretes factors that are essential for proliferation and survival of cardiomyocytes. In this Review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the biology of the epicardium and the effect of these findings on the candidacy of this structure as a therapeutic target for heart repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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31
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Bolívar S, Santana R, Ayala P, Landaeta R, Boza P, Humeres C, Vivar R, Muñoz C, Pardo V, Fernandez S, Anfossi R, Diaz-Araya G. Lipopolysaccharide Activates Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Prevents Cardiac Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Differentiation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:458-470. [PMID: 28220374 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known ligand of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which is expressed in cardiac fibroblasts (CF). Differentiation of CF to cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF) is induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), increasing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. In endothelial cells, an antagonist effect between LPS-induced signaling and canonical TGF-β1 signaling was described; however, it has not been studied whether in CF and CMF the expression of α-SMA induced by TGF-β1 is antagonized by LPS and the mechanism involved. In adult rat CF and CMF, α-SMA, ERK1/2, Akt, NF-κβ, Smad3, and Smad7 protein levels were determined by western blot, TGF-β isoforms by ELISA, and α-SMA stress fibers by immunocytochemistry. CF and CMF secrete the three TGF-β isoforms, and the secretion levels of TGF-β2 was affected by LPS treatment. In CF, LPS treatment decreased the protein levels of α-SMA, and this effect was prevented by TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor), but not by BAY 11-7082 (NF-κβ inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). TGF-β1 increased α-SMA protein levels in CF, and LPS prevented partially this effect. In addition, in CMF α-SMA protein levels were decreased by LPS treatment, which was abolished by TAK-242. Finally, in CF LPS decreased the p-Smad3 phosphorylation and increased the Smad7 protein levels. LPS treatment prevents the CF-to-CMF differentiation and reverses the CMF phenotype induced by TGF-β1, through decreasing p-Smad3 and increasing Smad7 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bolívar
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Atlantic University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Roxana Santana
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ayala
- Center of Medical Investigations, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Landaeta
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pía Boza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Humeres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Pardo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Fernandez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Araya
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Bakhta O, Blanchard S, Guihot AL, Tamareille S, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Jeannin P, Prunier F. Cardioprotective Role of Colchicine Against Inflammatory Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:446-455. [PMID: 29658326 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418763611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A clinical trial has recently reported a smaller infarct size in a cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) treated with a short colchicine course. The mechanism underlying colchicine-induced cardioprotection in the early MI phase remains unclear. We hypothesized that a short pretreatment with colchicine could induce acute beneficial effects by protecting the heart against inflammation in myocardial I/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to 40-minute left anterior descending coronary occlusion, followed by 120-minute reperfusion. Colchicine (0.3 mg/kg) or a vehicle was administered per os 24 hours and immediately before surgery. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the colchicine group (35.6% ± 3.0% vs 46.6% ± 3.3%, P < .05). The beneficial effects of colchicine were associated with an increased systemic interleukin-10 (IL-10) level and decreased cardiac transforming growth factor-β level. Interleukin-1β was found to increase in a "time of reperfusion"-dependent manner. Colchicine inhibited messenger RNA expression of caspase-1 and pro-IL-18. Interleukin-1β injected 10 minutes prior to myocardial ischemia induced greater infarct size (58.0% ± 2.0%, P < .05) as compared to the vehicle. Colchicine combined to IL-1β injection significantly decreased infarct size (47.1% ± 2.2%, P < .05) as compared to IL-1β alone, while colchicine alone exhibited a significantly more marked cardioprotective effect than the colchicine-IL-1β association. CONCLUSION The cardioprotection induced by a short colchicine pretreatment was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect in the early reperfusion phase in our rat MI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bakhta
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,2 Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,3 CHU Angers, Angers, France.,4 U1232, Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, Center of Immunology and Cancer Research Nantes Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,2 Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,2 Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,2 Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Angers, France.,3 CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,3 CHU Angers, Angers, France.,4 U1232, Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, Center of Immunology and Cancer Research Nantes Angers, Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- 1 Université Angers, Angers, France.,2 Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Angers, France.,3 CHU Angers, Angers, France
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Wu J, Jackson-Weaver O, Xu J. The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:323-335. [PMID: 29462261 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ superfamily includes the transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and Activin/Inhibin families of ligands. Among the 33 members of TGFβ superfamily ligands, many act on multiple types of cells within the heart, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells (e.g. monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils). In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in different cardiac residential cellular components, in association with functional impacts in heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction. Specifically, we will review the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractility, metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Redgrave RE, Tual-Chalot S, Davison BJ, Singh E, Hall D, Amirrasouli MM, Gilchrist D, Medvinsky A, Arthur HM. Cardiosphere-Derived Cells Require Endoglin for Paracrine-Mediated Angiogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1287-1298. [PMID: 28494939 PMCID: PMC5425789 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of stem cell therapy to treat ischemic heart disease primarily use heterogeneous stem cell populations. Small benefits occur via paracrine mechanisms that include stimulating angiogenesis, and increased understanding of these mechanisms would help to improve patient outcomes. Cardiosphere-derived-cells (CDCs) are an example of these heterogeneous stem cell populations, cultured from cardiac tissue. CDCs express endoglin, a co-receptor that binds specific transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family ligands, including bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9). In endothelial cells endoglin regulates angiogenic responses, and we therefore hypothesized that endoglin is required to promote the paracrine pro-angiogenic properties of CDCs. Cre/LoxP technology was used to genetically manipulate endoglin expression in CDCs, and we found that the pro-angiogenic properties of the CDC secretome are endoglin dependent both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, BMP9 pre-treatment of endoglin-depleted CDCs restores their pro-angiogenic paracrine properties. As BMP9 signaling is normally required to maintain endoglin expression, we propose that media containing BMP9 could be critical for therapeutic CDC preparation. It is essential to understand how stem cell populations generate paracrine benefit Endoglin is necessary for the pro-angiogenic properties of the CDC secretome Pro-angiogenic defects of endoglin-depleted CDCs can be rescued by BMP9
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Redgrave
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Benjamin J Davison
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Esha Singh
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Darroch Hall
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Muhammad M Amirrasouli
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Derek Gilchrist
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
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New methodologies to accurately assess circulating active transforming growth factor-β1 levels: implications for evaluating heart failure and the impact of left ventricular assist devices. Transl Res 2018; 192:15-29. [PMID: 29175264 PMCID: PMC5811316 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been used as a biomarker in disorders associated with pathologic fibrosis. However, plasma TGF-β1 assessment is confounded by the significant variation in reported normal values, likely reflecting variable release of the large pool of platelet TGF-β1 after blood drawing. Moreover, current assays measure only total TGF-β1, which is dominated by the latent form of TGF-β1 rather than the biologically active form. To address these challenges, we developed methodologies to prevent ex vivo release of TGF-β1 and to quantify active TGF-β1. We then used these techniques to measure TGF-β1 in healthy controls and patients with heart failure (HF) before and after insertion of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Total plasma TGF-β1 was 1.0 ± 0.60 ng/mL in controls and 3.76 ± 1.55 ng/mL in subjects with HF (P < 0.001), rising to 5.2 ± 2.3 ng/mL following LVAD placement (P = 0.006). These results were paralleled by the active TGF-β1 values; controls had 3-16 pg/mL active TGF-β1, whereas levels were 2.7-fold higher in patients with HF before, and 4.2-fold higher after, LVAD implantation. Total TGF-β1 correlated with levels of the platelet-derived protein thrombospondin-1 (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), suggesting that plasma TGF-β1 may serve as a surrogate indicator of in vivo platelet activation. von Willebrand factor high molecular weight multimers correlated inversely with TGF-β1 levels (r = -0.63; P = 0.023), suggesting a role for shear forces in loss of these multimers and platelet activation. In conclusion, accurate assessment of circulating TGF-β1 may provide a valuable biomarker for in vivo platelet activation and thrombotic disorders.
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36
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Kong P, Shinde AV, Su Y, Russo I, Chen B, Saxena A, Conway SJ, Graff JM, Frangogiannis NG. Opposing Actions of Fibroblast and Cardiomyocyte Smad3 Signaling in the Infarcted Myocardium. Circulation 2017; 137:707-724. [PMID: 29229611 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-βs regulate a wide range of cellular responses by activating Smad-dependent and Smad-independent cascades. In the infarcted heart, Smad3 signaling is activated in both cardiomyocytes and interstitial cells. We hypothesized that cell-specific actions of Smad3 regulate repair and remodeling in the infarcted myocardium. METHODS To dissect cell-specific Smad3 actions in myocardial infarction, we generated mice with Smad3 loss in activated fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes. Cardiac function was assessed after reperfused or nonreperfused infarction using echocardiography. The effects of cell-specific Smad3 loss on the infarcted heart were studied using histological studies, assessment of protein, and gene expression levels. In vitro, we studied Smad-dependent and Smad-independent actions in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. RESULTS Mice with fibroblast-specific Smad3 loss had accentuated adverse remodeling after reperfused infarction and exhibited an increased incidence of late rupture after nonreperfused infarction. The consequences of fibroblast-specific Smad3 loss were not a result of effects on acute infarct size but were associated with unrestrained fibroblast proliferation, impaired scar remodeling, reduced fibroblast-derived collagen synthesis, and perturbed alignment of myofibroblast arrays in the infarct. Polarized light microscopy in Sirius red-stained sections demonstrated that the changes in fibroblast morphology were associated with perturbed organization of the collagenous matrix in the infarcted area. In contrast, α-smooth muscle actin expression by infarct myofibroblasts was not affected by Smad3 loss. Smad3 critically regulated fibroblast function, activating integrin-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (NOX-2) expression. Smad3 loss in cardiomyocytes attenuated remodeling and dysfunction after infarction. Cardiomyocyte-specific Smad3 loss did not affect acute infarct size but was associated with attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the remodeling myocardium, accompanied by decreased myocardial NOX-2 levels, reduced nitrosative stress, and lower matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS In healing myocardial infarction, myofibroblast- and cardiomyocyte-specific activation of Smad3 has contrasting functional outcomes that may involve activation of an integrin/reactive oxygen axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kong
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Arti V Shinde
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Bijun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Amit Saxena
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
| | - Simon J Conway
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis (S.J.C.)
| | - Jonathan M Graff
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas (J.M.G.)
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (P.K., A.V.S., Y.S., I.R., B.C., A.S., N.G.F.)
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Puukila S, Lemon JA, Lees SJ, Tai TC, Boreham DR, Khaper N. Impact of Ionizing Radiation on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. Radiat Res 2017; 188:539-546. [PMID: 28873026 DOI: 10.1667/rr14864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has become one of the main forms of treatment for various types of cancers. Cancer patients previously treated with high doses of radiation are at a greater risk to develop cardiovascular complications later in life. The heart can receive varying doses of radiation depending on the type of therapy and can even reach doses in the range of 17 Gy. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in radiation-induced cardiovascular damage. Doses of ionizing radiation below 200 mGy, however, have been shown to have beneficial effects in some experimental models of radiation-induced damage, but low-dose effects in the heart is still debated. Low-dose radiation may promote heart health and reduce damage from oxidative stress and inflammation, however there are few studies focusing on the impact of low-dose radiation on the heart. In this review, we summarize recent studies from animal models and human data focusing on the effects and mechanism(s) of action of radiation-induced damage to the heart, as well as the effects of high and low doses of radiation and dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- a Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- b Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Shihata WA, Putra MRA, Chin-Dusting JPF. Is There a Potential Therapeutic Role for Caveolin-1 in Fibrosis? Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 28970796 PMCID: PMC5609631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a process of dysfunctional wound repair, described by a failure of tissue regeneration and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue scarring and subsequent organ deterioration. There are a broad range of stimuli that may trigger, and exacerbate the process of fibrosis, which can contribute to the growing rates of morbidity and mortality. Whilst the process of fibrosis is widely described and understood, there are no current standard treatments that can reduce or reverse the process effectively, likely due to the continuing knowledge gaps surrounding the cellular mechanisms involved. Several cellular targets have been implicated in the regulation of the fibrotic process including membrane domains, ion channels and more recently mechanosensors, specifically caveolae, particularly since these latter contain various signaling components, such as members of the TGFβ and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, all of which are key players in the process of fibrosis. This review explores the anti-fibrotic influences of the caveola, and in particular the key underpinning protein, caveolin-1, and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled A Shihata
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad R A Putra
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Merfeld-Clauss S, Lu H, Wu X, March KL, Traktuev DO. Hypoxia-induced activin A diminishes endothelial cell vasculogenic activity. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:173-184. [PMID: 28834227 PMCID: PMC5742743 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischaemia causes a significant loss of blood vessels leading to deterioration of organ function. Multiple ischaemic conditions are associated with up‐regulation of activin A, but its effect on endothelial cells (EC) in the context of hypoxia is understudied. This study evaluated the role of activin A in vasculogenesis in hypoxia. An in vitro vasculogenesis model, in which EC were cocultured with adipose stromal cells (ASC), was used. Incubation of cocultures at 0.5% oxygen led to decrease in EC survival and vessel density. Hypoxia up‐regulated inhibin BA (monomer of activin A) mRNA by 4.5‐fold and activin A accumulation in EC‐conditioned media by 10‐fold, but down‐regulated activin A inhibitor follistatin by twofold. Inhibin BA expression was also increased in human EC injected into ischaemic mouse muscles. Activin A secretion was positively modulated by hypoxia mimetics dimethyloxalylglycine and desferrioxamine. Silencing HIF1α or HIF2α expression decreased activin A secretion in EC exposed to hypoxia. Introduction of activin A to cocultures decreased EC number and vascular density by 40%; conversely, blockade of activin A expression in EC or its activity improved vasculogenesis in hypoxia. Activin A affected EC survival directly and by modulating ASC paracrine activity leading to diminished ability of the ASC secretome to support EC survival and vasculogenesis. In conclusion, hypoxia up‐regulates EC secretion of activin A, which, by affecting both EC and adjacent mesenchymal cells, creates a micro‐environment unfavourable for vasculogenesis. This finding suggests that blockade of activin A signalling in ischaemic tissue may improve preservation of the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dmitry O Traktuev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Acun A, Zorlutuna P. Engineered myocardium model to study the roles of HIF-1α and HIF1A-AS1 in paracrine-only signaling under pathological level oxidative stress. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28629892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying heart tissue is critical for understanding and developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we fabricated precisely controlled and biomimetic engineered model tissues to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influence myocardial cell survival upon exposure to pathological level oxidative stress. Specifically, the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with its novel alternative regulator, HIF-1α antisense RNA1 (HIF1A-AS1), in these interactions were investigated. We encapsulated CMs in photo-crosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogels with or without ECs, then exposed to oxidative stress followed by normoxia. With precisely controlled microenvironment provided by the model tissues, cell-cell interactions were restricted to be solely through the secreted factors. CM survival after oxidative stress was significantly improved, in the presence of ECs, when cells were in the model tissues that were functionalized with cell attachment motifs. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of ECs was reduced when HIF-1α expression was knocked down suggesting that HIF-1α is involved in cardioprotection from oxidative damage, provided through secreted factors conferred by the ECs. Using model tissues, we showed that cell survival increased with increased cell-cell communication and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. In addition, whole genome transcriptome analysis showed, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible role for HIF1A-AS1 in oxidative regulation of HIF-1α. We showed that although HIF1A-AS1 knockdown helps CM survival, its effect is overridden by CM-EC bidirectional interactions as we showed that the conditioned media taken from the CM-EC co-cultures improved CM survival, regardless of HIF1A-AS1 expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular diseases, most of which are associated with oxidative stress, is the most common cause of death worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular events as well as the role of intercellular communication under oxidative stress is upmost importance in its prevention. In this study we used 3D engineered tissue models to investigate the role of HIF-1α and its regulation in EC-mediated cardioprotection. We showed that EC-mediated protection is only possible when there is a bidirectional crosstalk between ECs and CMs even without physical cell-cell contact. In addition, this protective effect is at least partially related to cell-ECM interactions and HIF-1α, which is regulated by HIF1A-AS1 under oxidative stress.
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Wang EW, Jia XS, Ruan CW, Ge ZR. miR-487b mitigates chronic heart failure through inhibition of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51688-51702. [PMID: 28881679 PMCID: PMC5584280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of microRNA-587b (miR-487b) in a rat model of chronic heart failure (CHF). Wistar rats were assigned to 10 groups (n=8 per group). Expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33), somatostatin 2 (ST2), IL-6, and TNF-α was higher in the CHF group than the control group. In the CHF, negative control (NC) for si-IL-33, NC for miR-487b mimic, NC for miR-487b inhibitor, and miR-487b inhibitor + si IL-33 groups, as compared to the blank and sham groups: steroid binding protein (SBP), D binding protein (DBP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), ± dp/dtmax, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all lower; myocardial fibrosis, MDA, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), myocardial apoptosis rate, IL-6, and TNF-α were all higher; levels of IL-33 and ST2 mRNA and protein were higher; and levels of miR-487b were lower. Levels of IL-33 and ST2 mRNA and protein were lower, and SBP, DBP, LVSP, ± dp/dtmax, and SOD were higher in the miR-487b mimic and si-IL-33 groups than the CHF group. Expression of miR-487b was increased in the miR-487b mimic group, and expression of IL-33 and ST2 were increased and expression of miR-487b was decreased in the miR-487b inhibitor group. MiR-487b reduces apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and fibrosis in CHF by suppressing IL-33 through inhibition the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Jia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Chang-Wu Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
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Shindo K, Asakura M, Min KD, Ito S, Fu HY, Yamazaki S, Takahashi A, Imazu M, Fukuda H, Nakajima Y, Asanuma H, Minamino T, Takashima S, Minamino N, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 1 Suppresses TGF-β Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. INT J GERONTOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Frangogiannis NG. The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the infarcted myocardium. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S52-S63. [PMID: 28446968 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity. Following myocardial infarction, sudden necrosis of cardiomyocytes triggers an intense inflammatory reaction that clears the wound from dead cells and matrix debris, while activating a reparative program. A growing body of evidence suggests that members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family critically regulate the inflammatory and reparative response following infarction. Although all three TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3) are markedly upregulated in the infarcted myocardium, information on isoform-specific actions is limited. Experimental studies have suggested that TGF-β exerts a wide range of actions on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells. The findings are often conflicting, reflecting the context-dependence of TGF-β-mediated effects; conclusions are often based exclusively on in vitro studies and on associative evidence. TGF-β has been reported to modulate cardiomyocyte survival responses, promote monocyte recruitment, inhibit macrophage pro-inflammatory gene expression, suppress adhesion molecule synthesis by endothelial cells, promote myofibroblast conversion and extracellular matrix synthesis, and mediate both angiogenic and angiostatic effects. This review manuscript discusses our understanding of the cell biological effects of TGF-β in myocardial infarction. We discuss the relative significance of downstream TGF-β-mediated Smad-dependent and -independent pathways, and the risks and challenges of therapeutic TGF-β targeting. Considering the high significance of TGF-β-mediated actions in vivo, study of cell-specific effects and dissection of downstream signaling pathways are needed in order to design safe and effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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44
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Xu D. Apigenin protects myocardium by inhibiting the TGF-β1-mediated Smad signaling transduction pathway in acute myocardial infarcted rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Planavila A, Fernández-Solà J, Villarroya F. Cardiokines as Modulators of Stress-Induced Cardiac Disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 108:227-256. [PMID: 28427562 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost 30 years ago, the protein, atrial natriuretic peptide, was identified as a heart-secreted hormone that provides a peripheral signal from the myocardium that communicates to the rest of the organism to modify blood pressure and volume under conditions of heart failure. Since then, additional peripheral factors secreted by the heart, termed cardiokines, have been identified and shown to coordinate this interorgan cross talk. In addition to this interorgan communication, cardiokines also act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to play a role in intercellular communication within the myocardium. This review focuses on the roles of newly emerging cardiokines that are mainly increased in stress-induced cardiac diseases. The potential of these cardiokines as clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Planavila
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Fernández-Solà
- Hospital Clínic, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Kao DP, Stevens LM, Hinterberg MA, Görg C. Phenotype-Specific Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: a Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:285-294. [PMID: 28105587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about genetics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in part because of the many comorbidities in this population. To identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HFpEF, we analyzed phenotypic and genotypic data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, which profiled patients using a 50,000 SNP array. Results were explored using novel SNP- and gene-centric tools. We performed analyses to determine whether some SNPs were relevant only in certain phenotypes. Among 3804 patients, 7 clinical factors and 9 SNPs were significantly associated with HFpEF; the most notable of which was rs6996224, a SNP associated with transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3. Most SNPs were associated with HFpEF only in the absence of a clinical predictor. Significant SNPs represented genes involved in myocyte proliferation, transforming growth factor-beta/erbB signaling, and extracellular matrix formation. These findings suggest that genetic factors may be more important in some phenotypes than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Kao
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Laura M Stevens
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael A Hinterberg
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carsten Görg
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave Campus Box B-139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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47
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Wang M, Hu B, Zhang YL, Shen E, Pan XQ. Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on ventricular function in infarct heart assessed by quantitative tissue velocity imaging. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 17:793-802. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Järve A, Mühlstedt S, Qadri F, Nickl B, Schulz H, Hübner N, Özcelik C, Bader M. Adverse left ventricular remodeling by glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2016; 31:556-568. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600613r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Järve
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School of Regenerative TherapiesBerlinGermany
| | - Silke Mühlstedt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IHumboldt‐University BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | - Bernadette Nickl
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Charité‐University MedicineBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)BerlinGermany
- Institute for BiologyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
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49
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Roche PL, Nagalingam RS, Bagchi RA, Aroutiounova N, Belisle BMJ, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP. Role of scleraxis in mechanical stretch-mediated regulation of cardiac myofibroblast phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C297-307. [PMID: 27357547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Numerous triggers of this conversion process have been identified, including plating of cells on solid substrates, cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β, and mechanical stretch; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Recent studies from our laboratory revealed that the transcription factor scleraxis is a key regulator of cardiac fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix expression. Here we report that mechanical stretch induces type I collagen expression and morphological changes indicative of cardiac myofibroblast conversion, as well as scleraxis expression via activation of the scleraxis promoter. Scleraxis causes phenotypic changes similar to stretch, and the effect of stretch is attenuated in scleraxis null cells. Scleraxis was also sufficient to upregulate expression of vinculin and F-actin, to induce stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, and to attenuate both cell migration and proliferation, further evidence of scleraxis-mediated regulation of fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion. Together, these data confirm that scleraxis is sufficient to promote the myofibroblast phenotype and is a required effector of stretch-mediated conversion. Scleraxis may thus represent a potential target for the development of novel antifibrotic therapies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Roche
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Nina Aroutiounova
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Breanna M J Belisle
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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50
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Thu VT, Kim HK, Long LT, Thuy TT, Huy NQ, Kim SH, Kim N, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. NecroX-5 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects via modulation of the TNFα/Dcn/TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway in hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated rat hearts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:305-14. [PMID: 27162485 PMCID: PMC4860373 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and fibrotic responses are accelerated during the reperfusion period, and excessive fibrosis and inflammation contribute to cardiac malfunction. NecroX compounds have been shown to protect the liver and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to further define the role and mechanism of action of NecroX-5 in regulating infl ammation and fi brosis responses in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). We utilized HR-treated rat hearts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9C2 culture cells in the presence or absence of NecroX-5 (10 µmol/L) treatment as experimental models. Addition of NecroX-5 signifi cantly increased decorin (Dcn) expression levels in HR-treated hearts. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was strongly attenuated in NecroX-5-treated hearts. In addition, signifi cantly increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), TGFβ1, and pSmad2, and markedly decreased Dcn expression levels, were observed in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cells. Interestingly, NecroX-5 supplementation effectively attenuated the increased expression levels of TNFα, TGFβ1, and pSmad2, as well as the decreased expression of Dcn. Thus, our data demonstrate potential antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of NecroX-5 against cardiac HR injuries via modulation of the TNFα/Dcn/TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Thu
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.; VNU University of Science, Hanoi 120036, Vietnam
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Le Thanh Long
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | | | | | - Soon Ha Kim
- Product Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Seoul 03184, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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