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Roy M, Bhakta K, Ghosh A. Minimal Yet Powerful: The Role of Archaeal Small Heat Shock Proteins in Maintaining Protein Homeostasis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:832160. [PMID: 35647036 PMCID: PMC9133787 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.832160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsp) are a ubiquitous group of ATP-independent chaperones found in all three domains of life. Although sHsps in bacteria and eukaryotes have been studied extensively, little information was available on their archaeal homologs until recently. Interestingly, archaeal heat shock machinery is strikingly simplified, offering a minimal repertoire of heat shock proteins to mitigate heat stress. sHsps play a crucial role in preventing protein aggregation and holding unfolded protein substrates in a folding-competent form. Besides protein aggregation protection, archaeal sHsps have been shown recently to stabilize membranes and contribute to transferring captured substrate proteins to chaperonin for refolding. Furthermore, recent studies on archaeal sHsps have shown that environment-induced oligomeric plasticity plays a crucial role in maintaining their functional form. Despite being prokaryotes, the archaeal heat shock protein repository shares several features with its highly sophisticated eukaryotic counterpart. The minimal nature of the archaeal heat shock protein repository offers ample scope to explore the function and regulation of heat shock protein(s) to shed light on their evolution. Moreover, similar structural dynamics of archaeal and human sHsps have made the former an excellent system to study different chaperonopathies since archaeal sHsps are more stable under in vitro experiments.
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Roy M, Bhakta K, Bhowmick A, Gupta S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A. Archaeal Hsp14 drives substrate shuttling between small heat shock proteins and thermosome: insights into a novel substrate transfer pathway. FEBS J 2021; 289:1080-1104. [PMID: 34637594 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins maintain protein homeostasis and facilitate the survival of an organism under stress. Archaeal heat shock machinery usually consists of only sHsps, Hsp70, and Hsp60. Moreover, Hsp70 is absent in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea. In the absence of Hsp70, how aggregating protein substrates are transferred to Hsp60 for refolding remains elusive. Here, we investigated the crosstalk in the heat shock response pathway of thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In the present study, we biophysically and biochemically characterized one of the small heat shock proteins, Hsp14, of S. acidocaldarius. Moreover, we investigated its ability to interact with Hsp20 and Hsp60 to facilitate the substrate proteins' folding under stress conditions. Like Hsp20, we demonstrated that the dimer is the active form of Hsp14, and it forms an oligomeric storage form at a higher temperature. More importantly, the dynamics of the Hsp14 oligomer are maintained by rapid subunit exchange between the dimeric states, and the rate of subunit exchange increases with increasing temperature. We also tested the ability of Hsp14 to form hetero-oligomers via subunit exchange with Hsp20. We observed hetero-oligomer formation only at higher temperatures (50 °C-70 °C). Furthermore, experiments were performed to investigate the interaction between small heat shock proteins and Hsp60. We demonstrated an enthalpy-driven direct physical interaction between Hsp14 and Hsp60. Our results revealed that Hsp14 could transfer sHsp-captured substrate proteins to Hsp60, which then refolds them back to their active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousam Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Koustav Bhakta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Anupama Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Heat shock response in archaea. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:581-593. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An adequate response to a sudden temperature rise is crucial for cellular fitness and survival. While heat shock response (HSR) is well described in bacteria and eukaryotes, much less information is available for archaea, of which many characterized species are extremophiles thriving in habitats typified by large temperature gradients. Here, we describe known molecular aspects of archaeal heat shock proteins (HSPs) as key components of the protein homeostasis machinery and place this in a phylogenetic perspective with respect to bacterial and eukaryotic HSPs. Particular emphasis is placed on structure–function details of the archaeal thermosome, which is a major element of the HSR and of which subunit composition is altered in response to temperature changes. In contrast with the structural response, it is largely unclear how archaeal cells sense temperature fluctuations and which molecular mechanisms underlie the corresponding regulation. We frame this gap in knowledge by discussing emerging questions related to archaeal HSR and by proposing methodologies to address them. Additionally, as has been shown in bacteria and eukaryotes, HSR is expected to be relevant for the control of physiology and growth in various stress conditions beyond temperature stress. A better understanding of this essential cellular process in archaea will not only provide insights into the evolution of HSR and of its sensing and regulation, but also inspire the development of biotechnological applications, by enabling transfer of archaeal heat shock components to other biological systems and for the engineering of archaea as robust cell factories.
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Yamamoto YY, Uno Y, Sha E, Ikegami K, Ishii N, Dohmae N, Sekiguchi H, Sasaki YC, Yohda M. Asymmetry in the function and dynamics of the cytosolic group II chaperonin CCT/TRiC. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176054. [PMID: 28463997 PMCID: PMC5413064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic group II chaperonin, the chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT), plays an important role in cytosolic proteostasis. It has been estimated that as much as 10% of cytosolic proteins interact with CCT during their folding process. CCT is composed of 8 different paralogous subunits. Due to its complicated structure, molecular and biochemical investigations of CCT have been difficult. In this study, we constructed an expression system for CCT from a thermophilic fungus, Chaetomium thermophilum (CtCCT), by using E. coli as a host. As expected, we obtained recombinant CtCCT with a relatively high yield, and it exhibited fairly high thermal stability. We showed the advantages of the overproduction system by characterizing CtCCT variants containing ATPase-deficient subunits. For diffracted X-ray tracking experiment, we removed all surface exposed cysteine residues, and added cysteine residues at the tip of helical protrusions of selected two subunits. Gold nanocrystals were attached onto CtCCTs via gold-thiol bonds and applied for the analysis by diffracted X-ray tracking. Irrespective of the locations of cysteines, it was shown that ATP binding induces tilting motion followed by rotational motion in the CtCCT molecule, like the archaeal group II chaperonins. When gold nanocrystals were attached onto two subunits in the high ATPase activity hemisphere, the CtCCT complex exhibited a fairly rapid response to the motion. In contrast, the response of CtCCT, which had gold nanocrystals attached to the low-activity hemisphere, was slow. These results clearly support the possibility that ATP-dependent conformational change starts with the high-affinity hemisphere and progresses to the low-affinity hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Y. Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Uno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiryo Sha
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikegami
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishii
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Conway de Macario E, Robb FT, Macario AJL. Prokaryotic Chaperonins as Experimental Models for Elucidating Structure-Function Abnormalities of Human Pathogenic Mutant Counterparts. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 3:84. [PMID: 28119916 PMCID: PMC5220055 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All archaea have a chaperonin of Group II (thermosome) in their cytoplasm and some have also a chaperonin of Group I (GroEL; Cpn60; Hsp60). Conversely, all bacteria have GroEL, some in various copies, but only a few have, in addition, a chaperonin (tentatively designated Group III chaperonin) very similar to that occurring in all archaea, i.e., the thermosome subunit, and in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, named CCT. Thus, nature offers a range of prokaryotic organisms that are potentially useful as experimental models to study the human CCT and its abnormalities. This is important because many diseases, the chaperonopathies, have been identified in which abnormal chaperones, including mutant CCT, are determinant etiologic-pathogenic factors and, therefore, research is needed to elucidate their pathologic features at the molecular level. Such research should lead to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathologic lesions observed in the tissues and organs of patients with chaperonopathies. Information on these key issues is necessary to make progress in diagnosis and treatment. Some of the archaeal organisms as well as some of the bacterial models suitable for studying molecular aspects pertinent to human mutant chaperones are discussed here, focusing on CCT. Results obtained with the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus model to investigate the impact of a pathogenic CCT5 mutation on molecular properties and chaperoning functions are reviewed. The pathogenic mutation examined weakens the ability of the chaperonin subunit to form stable hexadecamers and as a consequence, the chaperoning functions of the complex are impaired. The future prospect is to find means for stabilizing the hexadecamer, which should lead to a recovering of chaperone function and the improving of lesions and clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
| | - Frank T Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College ParkRockville, MD, USA
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
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Humbard MA, Maupin-Furlow JA. Prokaryotic proteasomes: nanocompartments of degradation. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 23:321-34. [PMID: 23920495 DOI: 10.1159/000351348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are self-compartmentalized energy-dependent proteolytic machines found in Archaea, Actinobacteria species of bacteria and eukaryotes. Proteasomes consist of two separate protein complexes, the core particle that hydrolyzes peptide bonds and an AAA+ ATPase domain responsible for the binding, unfolding and translocation of protein substrates into the core particle for degradation. Similarly to eukaryotes, proteasomes play a central role in protein degradation and can be essential in Archaea. Core particles associate with and utilize a variety of ATPase complexes to carry out protein degradation in Archaea. In actinobacterial species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, proteasome-mediated degradation is associated with pathogenesis and does not appear to be essential. Interestingly, both actinobacterial species and Archaea use small proteins to covalently modify proteins, prokaryotic ubiquitin-like proteins (Pup) in Actinobacteria and ubiquitin-like small archaeal modifier proteins (SAMP) in Archaea. These modifications may play a role in proteasome targeting similar to the ubiquitin-proteasome system in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Humbard
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Forouzan D, Ammelburg M, Hobel CF, Ströh LJ, Sessler N, Martin J, Lupas AN. The archaeal proteasome is regulated by a network of AAA ATPases. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39254-62. [PMID: 22992741 PMCID: PMC3493965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.386458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the central machinery for targeted protein degradation in archaea, Actinobacteria, and eukaryotes. In its basic form, it consists of a regulatory ATPase complex and a proteolytic core particle. The interaction between the two is governed by an HbYX motif (where Hb is a hydrophobic residue, Y is tyrosine, and X is any amino acid) at the C terminus of the ATPase subunits, which stimulates gate opening of the proteasomal α-subunits. In archaea, the proteasome-interacting motif is not only found in canonical proteasome-activating nucleotidases of the PAN/ARC/Rpt group, which are absent in major archaeal lineages, but also in proteins of the CDC48/p97/VAT and AMA groups, suggesting a regulatory network of proteasomal ATPases. Indeed, Thermoplasma acidophilum, which lacks PAN, encodes one CDC48 protein that interacts with the 20S proteasome and activates the degradation of model substrates. In contrast, Methanosarcina mazei contains seven AAA proteins, five of which, both PAN proteins, two out of three CDC48 proteins, and the AMA protein, function as proteasomal gatekeepers. The prevalent presence of multiple, distinct proteasomal ATPases in archaea thus results in a network of regulatory ATPases that may widen the substrate spectrum of proteasomal protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Forouzan
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Religa TL, Sprangers R, Kay LE. Dynamic regulation of archaeal proteasome gate opening as studied by TROSY NMR. Science 2010; 328:98-102. [PMID: 20360109 DOI: 10.1126/science.1184991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome catalyzes the majority of protein degradation in the cell and plays an integral role in cellular homeostasis. Control over proteolysis by the 20S core-particle (CP) proteasome is achieved by gated access of substrate; thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanism by which these gates regulate substrate entry is critical. We used methyl-transverse relaxation optimized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that the amino-terminal residues that compose the gates of the alpha subunits of the Thermoplasma acidophilum proteasome are highly dynamic over a broad spectrum of time scales and that gating termini are in conformations that extend either well inside (closed gate) or outside (open gate) of the antechamber. Interconversion between these conformers on a time scale of seconds leads to a dynamic regulation of 20S CP proteolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz L Religa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Sharma AK, Walsh DA, Bapteste E, Rodriguez-Valera F, Ford Doolittle W, Papke RT. Evolution of rhodopsin ion pumps in haloarchaea. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:79. [PMID: 17511874 PMCID: PMC1885257 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type 1 (microbial) rhodopsins are a diverse group of photochemically reactive proteins that display a broad yet patchy distribution among the three domains of life. Recent work indicates that this pattern is likely the result of lateral gene transfer (LGT) of rhodopsin genes between major lineages, and even across domain boundaries. Within the lineage in which the microbial rhodopsins were initially discovered, the haloarchaea, a similar patchy distribution is observed. In this initial study, we assess the roles of LGT and gene loss in the evolution of haloarchaeal rhodopsin ion pump genes, using phylogenetics and comparative genomics approaches. RESULTS Mapping presence/absence of rhodopsins onto the phylogeny of the RNA polymerase B' subunit (RpoB') of the haloarchaea supports previous notions that rhodopsins are patchily distributed. The phylogeny for the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) protein revealed two discrepancies in comparison to the RpoB' marker, while the halorhodopsin (HR) tree showed incongruence to both markers. Comparative analyses of bacteriorhodopsin-linked regions of five haloarchaeal genomes supported relationships observed in the BR tree, and also identified two open reading frames (ORFs) that were more frequently linked to the bacteriorhodopsin gene than those genes previously shown to be important to the function and expression of BR. CONCLUSION The evidence presented here reveals a complex evolutionary history for the haloarchaeal rhodopsins, with both LGT and gene loss contributing to the patchy distribution of rhodopsins within this group. Similarities between the BR and RpoB' phylogenies provide supportive evidence for the presence of bacteriorhodopsin in the last common ancestor of haloarchaea. Furthermore, two loci that we have designated bacterio-opsin associated chaperone (bac) and bacterio-opsin associated protein (bap) are inferred to have important roles in BR biogenesis based on frequent linkage and co-transfer with bacteriorhodopsin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian K Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - David A Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Eric Bapteste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
- Unidad de Microbiologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Campus de San Juan, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - W Ford Doolittle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - R Thane Papke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5, Canada
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Santos L, Zwickl P. Interaction analysis of the AAA ATPase TAA43 by the bacterial two-hybrid system. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 254:293-9. [PMID: 16445759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAA43 ATPase of Thermoplasma acidophilum, an archaeal member of the AAA protein family, is known to have an atypical oligomeric state and a nonspecific association with high-molecular-weight protein complexes. We assessed the in vivo binding pattern of TAA43 using the bacterial two-hybrid system. We found 36 positive isolates interacting with TAA43. Our analysis showed that TAA43 interacts preferentially with nonribosomal proteins containing ribosomal domains and regions involved in RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Santos
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Scientific and Technological Research of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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11
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Robb FT, Shukla HD, Clark DS. 10 Heat Shock Proteins in Hyperthermophiles. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boonyaratanakornkit BB, Simpson AJ, Whitehead TA, Fraser CM, El-Sayed NMA, Clark DS. Transcriptional profiling of the hyperthermophilic methanarchaeon Methanococcus jannaschii in response to lethal heat and non-lethal cold shock. Environ Microbiol 2005; 7:789-97. [PMID: 15892698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature shock of the hyperthermophilic methanarchaeon Methanococcus jannaschii from its optimal growth temperature of 85 degrees C to 65 degrees C and 95 degrees C resulted in different transcriptional responses characteristic of both the direction of shock (heat or cold shock) and whether the shock was lethal. Specific outcomes of lethal heat shock to 95 degrees C included upregulation of genes encoding chaperones, and downregulation of genes encoding subunits of the H+ transporting ATP synthase. A gene encoding an alpha subunit of a putative prefoldin was also upregulated, which may comprise a novel element in the protein processing pathway in M. jannaschii. Very different responses were observed upon cold shock to 65 degrees C. These included upregulation of a gene encoding an RNA helicase and other genes involved in transcription and translation, and upregulation of genes coding for proteases and transport proteins. Also upregulated was a gene that codes for an 18 kDa FKBP-type PPIase, which may facilitate protein folding at low temperatures. Transcriptional profiling also revealed several hypothetical proteins that respond to temperature stress conditions.
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Laksanalamai P, Whitehead TA, Robb FT. Minimal protein-folding systems in hyperthermophilic archaea. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2:315-24. [PMID: 15031730 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Laksanalamai
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
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Santos L, Frickey T, Peters J, Baumeister W, Lupas A, Zwickl P. Thermoplasma acidophilum TAA43 is an archaeal member of the eukaryotic meiotic branch of AAA ATPases. Biol Chem 2004; 385:1105-11. [PMID: 15576333 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2004.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of the Thermoplasma acidophilum genome revealed a new gene, taa43 , which codes for a 43-kDa protein containing one AAA domain; we therefore termed it Thermoplasma AAA ATPase of 43 kDa (TAA43). Close homologs of TAA43 are found only in related Thermoplasmales, e.g. T. volcanium and Ferroplasma acidarmanus , but not in other Archaea. A detailed phylogenetic analysis showed that TAA43 and its homologs belong to the 'meiotic' branch of the AAA family. Although AAA proteins usually assemble into high-molecular-weight complexes, native TAA43 is predominantly dimeric except for a minor fraction eluting in the void volume of a sizing column. Wild-type and mutant TAA43 proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli , purified as dimers and characterized functionally. Since the canonical proteasome activating nucleotidase is not present in Thermoplasmales, TAA43 was tested for stimulation of proteasome activity, which was, however, not detected. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation analysis with TAA43 specific antibodies found a fraction of native TAA43 associated with Thermoplasma ribosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Santos
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Siegers K, Bölter B, Schwarz JP, Böttcher UMK, Guha S, Hartl FU. TRiC/CCT cooperates with different upstream chaperones in the folding of distinct protein classes. EMBO J 2003; 22:5230-40. [PMID: 14517260 PMCID: PMC204466 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role in protein folding of the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is only partially understood. Here, we show that a group of WD40 beta-propeller proteins in the yeast cytosol interact transiently with TRiC upon synthesis and require the chaperonin to reach their native state. TRiC cooperates in the folding of these proteins with the ribosome-associated heat shock protein (Hsp)70 chaperones Ssb1/2p. In contrast, newly synthesized actin and tubulins, the major known client proteins of TRiC, are independent of Ssb1/2p and instead use the co-chaperone GimC/prefoldin for efficient transfer to the chaperonin. GimC can replace Ssb1/2p in the folding of WD40 substrates such as Cdc55p, but combined deletion of SSB and GIM genes results in loss of viability. These findings expand the substrate range of the eukaryotic chaperonin by a structurally defined class of proteins and demonstrate an essential role for upstream chaperones in TRiC-assisted folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Siegers
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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16
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Laksanalamai P, Robb FT. Small heat shock proteins from extremophiles: a review. Extremophiles 2003; 8:1-11. [PMID: 15064984 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-003-0362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many microorganisms from extreme environments have been well characterized, and increasing access to genomic sequence data has recently allowed the analysis of the protein families related to stress responses. Heat shock proteins appear to be ubiquitous in extremophiles. In this review, we focus on the family of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) from extremophiles, which are alpha-crystallin homologues. Like the alpha-crystallin eye lens proteins, sHSPs act as molecular chaperones and prevent aggregation of denatured proteins under heat and desiccation stress. Many putative sHSP homologues have been identified in the genomic sequences of all classes of extremophiles. Current studies of shsp gene expression have revealed mechanisms of regulation and activity distinct from other known hsp gene regulation systems. Biochemical studies on sHSPs are limited to thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms, and the only two available crystal structures of sHSPs from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a hyperthermophilic archaeon and a mesophilic eukaryote, have contributed significantly to an understanding of the mechanisms of action of sHSPs, although many aspects remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Laksanalamai
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt Street, MD 21202, Baltimore, USA
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Shockley KR, Ward DE, Chhabra SR, Conners SB, Montero CI, Kelly RM. Heat shock response by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2365-71. [PMID: 12676722 PMCID: PMC154833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.2365-2371.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective transcriptional analysis of heat shock response in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was examined by using a targeted cDNA microarray in conjunction with Northern analyses. Differential gene expression suggests that P. furiosus relies on a cooperative strategy of rescue (thermosome [Hsp60], small heat shock protein [Hsp20], and two VAT-related chaperones), proteolysis (proteasome), and stabilization (compatible solute formation) to cope with polypeptide processing during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Shockley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7905, USA
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Rockel B, Jakana J, Chiu W, Baumeister W. Electron cryo-microscopy of VAT, the archaeal p97/CDC48 homologue from Thermoplasma acidophilum. J Mol Biol 2002; 317:673-81. [PMID: 11955016 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2002.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
VAT (valosine containing protein-like ATPase from Thermoplasma acidophilum), an archaeal member of the AAA-family (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities) that possesses foldase as well as unfoldase-activity, forms homo-hexameric rings like its eukaryotic homologues p97 and CDC48. The VAT-monomer exhibits the tripartite domain architecture typical for type II AAA-ATPases: N-D1-D2, whereby N is the substrate binding N-terminal domain preceding domains D1 and D2, both containing AAA-modules. Recent 3-D reconstructions of VAT and p97 as obtained by electron microscopy suffer from weakly represented N-domains, probably a consequence of their flexible linkage to the hexameric core. Here we used electron cryo-microscopy and 3-D reconstruction of single particles in order to generate a 3-D model of VAT at 2.3 nm resolution. The hexameric core of the VAT-complex (diameter 13.2 nm, height 8.4 nm) encloses a central cavity and the substrate-binding N-domains are clearly arranged in the upper periphery. Comparison with the p97 3-D reconstruction and the recently determined crystal structure of p97-N-D1 suggests a tail-to-tail arrangement of D1 and D2 in VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Rockel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Am Klopferspitz 18 a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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