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Bustin KA, Shishikura K, Chen I, Lin Z, McKnight N, Chang Y, Wang X, Li JJ, Arellano E, Pei L, Morton PD, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW, Matthews ML. Phenelzine-based probes reveal Secernin-3 is involved in thermal nociception. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103842. [PMID: 36924917 PMCID: PMC10247460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical platforms that facilitate both the identification and elucidation of new areas for therapeutic development are necessary but lacking. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) leverages active site-directed chemical probes as target discovery tools that resolve activity from expression and immediately marry the targets identified with lead compounds for drug design. However, this approach has traditionally focused on predictable and intrinsic enzyme functionality. Here, we applied our activity-based proteomics discovery platform to map non-encoded and post-translationally acquired enzyme functionalities (e.g. cofactors) in vivo using chemical probes that exploit the nucleophilic hydrazine pharmacophores found in a classic antidepressant drug (e.g. phenelzine, Nardil®). We show the probes are in vivo active and can map proteome-wide tissue-specific target engagement of the drug. In addition to engaging targets (flavoenzymes monoamine oxidase A/B) that are associated with the known therapeutic mechanism as well as several other members of the flavoenzyme family, the probes captured the previously discovered N-terminal glyoxylyl (Glox) group of Secernin-3 (SCRN3) in vivo through a divergent mechanism, indicating this functional feature has biochemical activity in the brain. SCRN3 protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, yet gene expression is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. In an inflammatory pain mouse model, behavioral assessment of nociception showed Scrn3 male knockout mice selectively exhibited impaired thermal nociceptive sensitivity. Our study provides a guided workflow to entangle molecular (off)targets and pharmacological mechanisms for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Bustin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyosuke Shishikura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nate McKnight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuxuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jing Li
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Arellano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul D Morton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Megan L Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Bustin KA, Shishikura K, Chen I, Lin Z, McKnight N, Chang Y, Wang X, Li JJ, Arellano E, Pei L, Morton PD, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW, Matthews ML. Phenelzine-based probes reveal Secernin-3 is involved in thermal nociception. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526866. [PMID: 36778412 PMCID: PMC9915563 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical platforms that facilitate both the identification and elucidation of new areas for therapeutic development are necessary but lacking. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) leverages active site-directed chemical probes as target discovery tools that resolve activity from expression and immediately marry the targets identified with lead compounds for drug design. However, this approach has traditionally focused on predictable and intrinsic enzyme functionality. Here, we applied our activity-based proteomics discovery platform to map non-encoded and post-translationally acquired enzyme functionalities (e.g. cofactors) in vivo using chemical probes that exploit the nucleophilic hydrazine pharmacophores found in a classic antidepressant drug (e.g. phenelzine, Nardil ® ). We show the probes are in vivo active and can map proteome-wide tissue-specific target engagement of the drug. In addition to engaging targets (flavoenzymes monoamine oxidase A/B) that are associated with the known therapeutic mechanism as well as several other members of the flavoenzyme family, the probes captured the previously discovered N -terminal glyoxylyl (Glox) group of Secernin-3 (SCRN3) in vivo through a divergent mechanism, indicating this functional feature has biochemical activity in the brain. SCRN3 protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, yet gene expression is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. In an inflammatory pain mouse model, behavioral assessment of nociception showed Scrn3 male knockout mice selectively exhibited impaired thermal nociceptive sensitivity. Our study provides a guided workflow to entangle molecular (off)targets and pharmacological mechanisms for therapeutic development.
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3
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Wotton JM, Peterson E, Anderson L, Murray SA, Braun RE, Chesler EJ, White JK, Kumar V. Machine learning-based automated phenotyping of inflammatory nocifensive behavior in mice. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920958596. [PMID: 32955381 PMCID: PMC7509709 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920958596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and development of new and potentially nonaddictive pain therapeutics requires rapid, yet clinically relevant assays of nociception in preclinical models. A reliable and scalable automated scoring system for nocifensive behavior of mice in the formalin assay would dramatically lower the time and labor costs associated with experiments and reduce experimental variability. Here, we present a method that exploits machine learning techniques for video recordings that consists of three components: key point detection, per frame feature extraction using these key points, and classification of behavior using the GentleBoost algorithm. This approach to automation is flexible as different model classifiers or key points can be used with only small losses in accuracy. The adopted system identified the behavior of licking/biting of the hind paw with an accuracy that was comparable to a human observer (98% agreement) over 111 different short videos (total 284 min) at a resolution of 1 s. To test the system over longer experimental conditions, the responses of two inbred strains, C57BL/6NJ and C57BL/6J, were recorded over 90 min post formalin challenge. The automated system easily scored over 80 h of video and revealed strain differences in both response timing and amplitude. This machine learning scoring system provides the required accuracy, consistency, and ease of use that could make the formalin assay a feasible choice for large-scale genetic studies.
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Whittaker AL, Howarth GS. Use of spontaneous behaviour measures to assess pain in laboratory rats and mice: How are we progressing? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Jirkof P, Leucht K, Cesarovic N, Caj M, Nicholls F, Rogler G, Arras M, Hausmann M. Burrowing is a sensitive behavioural assay for monitoring general wellbeing during dextran sulfate sodium colitis in laboratory mice. Lab Anim 2013; 47:274-83. [PMID: 23828853 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213493409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An impaired intestinal epithelial barrier is thought to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is frequently investigated by inducing a damaged barrier in murine models of colitis. This can be done by feeding mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) polymers in their drinking water. Refinement measures should focus on alleviating unnecessary suffering during this probably painful condition. Appropriate parameters are needed to decide when to terminate the experiments. Our aim was to investigate whether a change in burrowing behaviour is a sensitive measure of animal welfare in murine models of colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with 2.0% DSS over nine days. The burrowing test is based on the species-typical behaviour of mice to spontaneously displace items from tubes within their home cage. As a burrowing apparatus, a water bottle (250 mL, 150 mm length, 55 mm diameter) filled with 138-142 g of pellets of the animal's diet was used. The presence of intestinal inflammation as a result of acute DSS-induced colitis was confirmed by a decrease in body weight, colon length and an increase of murine endoscopic index of colitis severity, histological score and spleen weight in the group receiving DSS as compared with the control group. An onset of intestinal inflammation correlated with a significant decrease in burrowing behaviour (P < 0.05). Altered adrenal gland histology indicated stress as a result of acute colitis. Our findings provide evidence that changes of spontaneous burrowing behaviour correlate with the onset of inflammation in acute DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jirkof
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, Nagakura Y, Ogino S, Sekizawa T, Kiso T, Takahashi M, Ishikawa G, Ito H, Shimizu Y. Automated measurement of spontaneous pain-associated limb movement and drug efficacy evaluation in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:1426-36. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kawasaki-Yatsugi
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Y. Nagakura
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - S. Ogino
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - T. Sekizawa
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - T. Kiso
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - M. Takahashi
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - G. Ishikawa
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - H. Ito
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Y. Shimizu
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
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Aono Y, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki Y, Shimada T, Fujita T, Yamashita T, Fukumoto S. Anti-FGF-23 neutralizing antibodies ameliorate muscle weakness and decreased spontaneous movement of Hyp mice. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:803-10. [PMID: 20939065 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) plays causative roles in the development of several hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) and tumor-induced rickets/osteomalacia. Patients with hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia often complain of muscle weakness and bone pain that severely affect daily activities of these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine whether anti-FGF-23 antibodies, which have been shown to improve hypophosphatemia and rachitic changes of juvenile Hyp mice in a murine model of XLH, also ameliorate hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and affect muscle force and spontaneous motor activity in adult Hyp mice. Repeated injections of anti-FGF-23 antibodies increased serum phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitmain D levels and enhanced mineralization of osteoid in adult Hyp mice, whereas bone length did not change. We found that grip strength was weaker and that spontaneous movement was less in adult Hyp mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, FGF-23 antibodies increased grip strength and spontaneous movement. These results suggest that the inhibition of excess FGF-23 action not only ameliorates hypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone but also improves muscle weakness and daily activities of patients with FGF-23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Aono
- Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Neely GG, Hess A, Costigan M, Keene AC, Goulas S, Langeslag M, Griffin RS, Belfer I, Dai F, Smith SB, Diatchenko L, Gupta V, Xia CP, Amann S, Kreitz S, Heindl-Erdmann C, Wolz S, Ly CV, Arora S, Sarangi R, Dan D, Novatchkova M, Rosenzweig M, Gibson DG, Truong D, Schramek D, Zoranovic T, Cronin SJF, Angjeli B, Brune K, Dietzl G, Maixner W, Meixner A, Thomas W, Pospisilik JA, Alenius M, Kress M, Subramaniam S, Garrity PA, Bellen HJ, Woolf CJ, Penninger JM. A genome-wide Drosophila screen for heat nociception identifies α2δ3 as an evolutionarily conserved pain gene. Cell 2010; 143:628-38. [PMID: 21074052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, acute, and chronic pain affects 20% of the adult population and represents an enormous financial and emotional burden. Using genome-wide neuronal-specific RNAi knockdown in Drosophila, we report a global screen for an innate behavior and identify hundreds of genes implicated in heat nociception, including the α2δ family calcium channel subunit straightjacket (stj). Mice mutant for the stj ortholog CACNA2D3 (α2δ3) also exhibit impaired behavioral heat pain sensitivity. In addition, in humans, α2δ3 SNP variants associate with reduced sensitivity to acute noxious heat and chronic back pain. Functional imaging in α2δ3 mutant mice revealed impaired transmission of thermal pain-evoked signals from the thalamus to higher-order pain centers. Intriguingly, in α2δ3 mutant mice, thermal pain and tactile stimulation triggered strong cross-activation, or synesthesia, of brain regions involved in vision, olfaction, and hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gregory Neely
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3-5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Jirkof P, Cesarovic N, Rettich A, Nicholls F, Seifert B, Arras M. Burrowing behavior as an indicator of post-laparotomy pain in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2010; 4:165. [PMID: 21031028 PMCID: PMC2965018 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of persistent pain of a mild-to-moderate degree in laboratory mice is difficult because mice do not show unambiguous symptoms of pain or suffering using standard methods of short-term observational or clinical monitoring. This study investigated the potential use of burrowing performance - a spontaneous and highly motivated behavior - as a measure of post-operative pain in laboratory mice. The influence of minor surgery on burrowing was investigated in adult C57BL/6J mice of both genders in a modified rodent burrowing test (displacement of food pellets from a pellet-filled tube) within the animal's home cage. Almost all (98%) healthy mice burrowed (mean latency 1.3 h, SEM 0.5 h). After surgery without pain treatment, latency of burrowing was significantly prolonged (mean Δ latency 10 h). Analgesic treatment using the anti-inflammatory drug carprofen (5 mg/kg bodyweight) decreased latency of burrowing after surgery (mean Δ latency 5.5 h) to the level found in mice that had been anesthetized (mean Δ latency 5.4 h) or had received anesthesia and analgesia (mean Δ latency 4.6 h). Analgesia during surgery was associated with a significantly earlier onset of burrowing compared to surgery without pain treatment. A distinct gradation in burrowing performance was found ranging from the undisturbed pre-operative status to the intermediate level following anesthesia/analgesia and surgery with analgesia, to the pronounced prolongation of latency to burrow after surgery without pain relief. In conclusion, post-surgical impairment of general condition, probably mainly attributable to pain, can be conveniently assessed in laboratory mice on the basis of the burrowing test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Jirkof
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Charlet A, Rodeau JL, Poisbeau P. Radiotelemetric and symptomatic evaluation of pain in the rat after laparotomy: long-term benefits of perioperative ropivacaine care. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 12:246-56. [PMID: 20840888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effective relief of acute and long-term postoperative pain is of utmost importance to patients undergoing surgery. Here, we worked on a controlled procedure of abdominal surgery in the rat inducing persistent postoperative pain symptoms for up to 10 days and tested the efficacy of perioperative care with the local anesthetic ropivacaine. Laparotomy was likewise used to implant radiotelemetric probes by which electrocardiogram, body temperature, and locomotor activity were recorded in freely moving animals. We showed that postoperative pain symptoms (mechanical allodynia) measured in periphery of the scar were associated over time with persistent tachycardia, elevated heart rate variability, and loss of mobility. Furthermore, a single subcutaneous infiltration of the local anesthetic ropivacaine in the periphery of the abdominal incision was sufficient to prevent the appearance of allodynia and the associated cardiac and motor signs of pain, monitored by radiotelemetry. These beneficial effects were observed when the infiltration was performed in the perioperative period, but not later. This study on freely moving animals exhibiting long-lasting postoperative pain symptoms and altered autonomic/motor function illustrates well the importance of the timing of preemptive analgesia care with long-acting local anesthetics. Moreover, it emphasizes the utility of monitoring heart rate variability to quantify spontaneous expression of long-lasting postoperative pain. PERSPECTIVE Speeding the recovery time after surgery using perioperative ropivacaine care is of significant clinical relevance because it might limit the risk of chronic pain and postoperative complications. In humans, chronobiological analysis of heart rate variability could also help quantify spontaneous pain expression with minimal emotional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Charlet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Propre de Recherche 3212, Nociception and Pain Department, Strasbourg, France
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Kolkman I, Aerts S, Vervaecke H, Vicca J, Vandelook J, de Kruif A, Opsomer G, Lips D. Assessment of Differences in Some Indicators of Pain in Double Muscled Belgian Blue Cows Following Naturally Calving vs Caesarean Section. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:160-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Many are frustrated with the lack of translational progress in the pain field, in which huge gains in basic science knowledge obtained using animal models have not led to the development of many new clinically effective compounds. A careful re-examination of animal models of pain is therefore warranted. Pain researchers now have at their disposal a much wider range of mutant animals to study, assays that more closely resemble clinical pain states, and dependent measures beyond simple reflexive withdrawal. However, the complexity of the phenomenon of pain has made it difficult to assess the true value of these advances. In addition, pain studies are importantly affected by a wide range of modulatory factors, including sex, genotype and social communication, all of which must be taken into account when using an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Mogil
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Sakiyama Y, Sujaku T, Furuta A. A novel automated method for measuring the effect of analgesics on formalin-evoked licking behavior in rats. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 167:167-75. [PMID: 17881061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral assessment of pain is essential for the analysis of pain mechanisms and the evaluation of analgesic drugs. The formalin test is one of such methods widely used as a model of injury-induced pain in rodents. This test is manually demanding and the recording of results is left to the subjectivity of the experimenters. Thus we developed a novel automated method to estimate the pharmacological response in formalin-induced licking behavior in rats using a multicolor detection technique. Two color markers were preliminarily applied to rats-yellow dye on the mouth and fluorescent green tape on the right hind paw. Behaviors of the animals were recorded from both above and below the subject, by a dual-view digital video camera system. After injection with formalin into the hind paw, rats exhibited a biphasic display of licking behavior. Licking time was measured by the sum of frames where the distance between these markers was less than an appropriate threshold of distance (TD). The split-plot analysis of variance demonstrated that the sum of squares of differences in licking time between manual and automated measurement was minimized when TD = 20mm. In addition, frames in which moving velocity of these markers is less than 2.5mm/s was neglected for calculation in order to eliminate sedative effect on the recorded data. On these conditions, subcutaneous administration of morphine in rats dose-dependently decreased formalin-elicited nociceptive responses. These results suggest that under optimal conditions the automated technique when applied to pharmacological studies are more reliable and efficient than if they are manually recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojiro Sakiyama
- Research Planning and Coordination, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Japan Inc., 5-2 Taketoyo, Aichi 470-2393, Japan.
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Shih YH, Young MS. Integrated digital image and accelerometer measurements of rat locomotor and vibratory behaviour. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 166:81-8. [PMID: 17765321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a combined IC-type accelerometer and video camera system to simultaneously measure vibration and locomotion activities in rats. A personal computer, adopted as an image frame grabber, was combined with a digital image processing algorithm to measure the precise location of an animal in an experimental cage. An accelerometer-based vibration subsystem, based on an 89C51 single-chip microprocessor, was designed. The acceleration sensor module was attached directly to the shaved back of the rat's body to directly measure the animal's vibration. This module can detect a wide range of vibrations from movements of the entire body to micro-tremors. Along with hardware, this study also proposes novel software for video enhancement and data analysis to calculate the behaviour parameters from recorded movements. In normal mode, three vibration activities (locomotor activity, tremor and twitch) are auto-analyzed every 10 min. The results are saved, and various display, statistical and data organization options are available. The primary merits of this system are the ability to simultaneously record locomotion and vibrational data, the rapid set-up and operation, the low cost, the reduced illumination requirements, the reduction of environmental noise and the high precision. The proposed method will be of interest to researchers in various behavioural, biological and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hsing Shih
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Suite 92689, No.1, Dashiue Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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FU HANYI, CHEN SHIANGJIUUN, CHEN RUEIFENG, DING WANGHSIEN, KUO-HUANG LINGLONG, HUANG RONGNAN. Identification of oxalic acid and tartaric acid as major persistent pain-inducing toxins in the stinging hairs of the nettle, Urtica thunbergiana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2006; 98:57-65. [PMID: 16675601 PMCID: PMC2803540 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Once human skin contacts stinging hairs of Urtica spp. (stinging nettles), the irritant is released and produces pain, wheals or a stinging sensation which may last for >12 h. However, the existence of pain-inducing toxins in the stinging hairs of Urtica thunbergiana has never been systematically demonstrated. Experiments were therefore conducted to identify the persistent pain-inducing agents in the stinging hairs of U. thunbergiana. METHODS The stinging hairs of U. thunbergiana were removed and immersed in deionized water. After centrifugation, the clear supernatants were then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzymatic analysis and/or behavioural bioassays. KEY RESULTS The HPLC results showed that the major constituents in the stinging hairs of U. thunbergiana were histamine, oxalic acid and tartaric acid. However, the well-recognized pain-inducing agents, serotonin and formic acid, existed at a low concentration as estimated by HPLC and/or enzymatic analyses. The behavioural tests showed that 2% oxalic acid and 10% tartaric acid dramatically elicited persistent pain sensations in rats. In contrast, 10% formic acid and 2% serotonin only elicited moderate pain sensation in the first 10 min. Moreover, no significant pain-related behavioural response was observed after injecting 10% acetylcholine and histamine in rats. CONCLUSIONS Oxalic acid and tartaric acid were identified, for the first time, as major long-lasting pain-inducing toxins in the stinging hairs of U. thunbergiana. The general view that formic acid, histamine and serotonin are the pain-inducing agents in the stinging hairs of U. dioica may require updating, since their concentrations in U. thunbergiana were too low to induce significant pain sensation in behavioural bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAN YI FU
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - SHIANG JIUUN CHEN
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - RUEI FENG CHEN
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - WANG HSIEN DING
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - LING LONG KUO-HUANG
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - RONG NAN HUANG
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan and Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University and University System of Taiwan, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Micó JA, Ortega-Álvaro A. [Not Available]. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2006; 2 Suppl 1:S2-S4. [PMID: 21794357 DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(06)73074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Micó
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacología y Neurociencias (CTS-510). Departamento de Neurociencias (Farmacología y Psiquiatría). Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cádiz. Cádiz. España
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Millecamps M, Jourdan D, Leger S, Etienne M, Eschalier A, Ardid D. Circadian pattern of spontaneous behavior in monarthritic rats: a novel global approach to evaluation of chronic pain and treatment effectiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3470-8. [PMID: 16258901 DOI: 10.1002/art.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical evaluation is an essential step in the assessment of new antiinflammatory or analgesic drugs. This study was undertaken to develop a new mode of evaluation of drug effectiveness based on behavior indicating well-being in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. We chose to examine the circadian pattern of spontaneous behavior. METHODS The work was performed with a model of chronic monarthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Variations in behavioral patterns during the time course of arthritis were analyzed. In a second phase, the impact of acetaminophen and 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (aspirin and celecoxib), which are currently used in clinical practice to treat chronic inflammation, was studied after 7 days of treatment. RESULTS The nocturnal pattern of activity of healthy rats comprised 3 main bursts. Chronic painful monarthritis altered this spontaneous pattern of nocturnal behavior (normal period of activity). Monarthritic rats showed a decrease in the total time spent in activity during the night, and lost their pattern of activity. These behavioral disturbances were reversed after long-term treatment with acetaminophen or celecoxib, with celecoxib appearing to be more effective. Aspirin was ineffective. CONCLUSION These results enabled us to test this new procedure as a means of assessing well-being or ill- being during stages of chronic inflammatory pain in rats, and the effectiveness of repeated pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Millecamps
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Laboratory of Pharmacology, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Kesim M, Duman EN, Kadioglu M, Yaris E, Kalyoncu NI, Erciyes N. The Different Roles of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 Receptors on Antinociceptive Effect of Paroxetine in Chemical Stimuli in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97:61-6. [PMID: 15655293 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is known to be an important mediator in pain modulation. Some centrally acting agents, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), modulate pain. Activation of the endogenous opioid mechanisms or potentiation of analgesic effect by serotonergic and/or noradrenergic pathways might be involved in antinociception of SSRIs. However, peripheral mechanisms of nociception are not clear. In this study, the antinociceptive effect of paroxetine, its interaction with the opioidergic system and serotonin receptors were tested using the writhing test in mice. Paroxetine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) induced an antinociceptive effect following i.p. administration in writhing test. For the groups in which the antagonists were tested, the dose of paroxetine that caused a significant and equipotent analgesic effect similar to 0.5 mg/kg morphine was selected. Naloxone significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effects of both paroxetine and morphine in a similar pattern and magnitude. Ketanserin (5-HT(2)-receptor antagonist) or ondansetron (5-HT(3)-receptor antagonist) alone did not alter the nociceptive action of acetic acid. While the antinociceptive effect of paroxetine was highly potentiated by ketanserin, ondansetron reduced that antinociception. In conclusion, our results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of paroxetine mainly depends on central opioidergic and serotonergic mechanisms. Peripheral serotonergic mechanisms/receptors may contribute to this antinociceptive effect, especially by 5-HT(3)-receptor subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Pain/chemically induced
- Abdominal Pain/drug therapy
- Acetic Acid/adverse effects
- Analgesia
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Analgesics/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Ketanserin/administration & dosage
- Ketanserin/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Morphine/pharmacokinetics
- Naloxone/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/pharmacokinetics
- Ondansetron/administration & dosage
- Ondansetron/pharmacokinetics
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Paroxetine/administration & dosage
- Paroxetine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Paroxetine/pharmacokinetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kesim
- Department of Pharmacology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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