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Liu YS, Zhang YX, Wang XB, Wu QJ, Liu FH, Pan BC, Zhao YH. Associations between Meat and Vegetable Intake, Cooking Methods, and Asthenozoospermia: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091956. [PMID: 35565922 PMCID: PMC9104795 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of meat and vegetable intake in the development of asthenozoospermia has been controversial, and the role of cooking methods for meat and vegetables in the association has yet to be determined. The present study aimed to illuminate the relationship between the consumption and cooking methods of meat and vegetables and the risk of asthenozoospermia. Methods: In this hospital-based case–control study, we enrolled 552 patients with asthenozoospermia and 585 healthy controls. Dietary information was assessed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Asthenozoospermia was diagnosed according to the fifth edition of the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Results: Participants in the highest tertile of total meat and unprocessed meat intake had a 44% and 39% lower risk of asthenozoospermia than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87 and OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.93), respectively. Participants with the highest processed meat consumption showed higher risk (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.06). Raw vegetable consumption was negatively associated with the risk of asthenozoospermia (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.98). The stir-frying cooking method for meat was associated with increased risk of asthenozoospermia (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46). Conclusions: Intake of total meat, unprocessed meat, and raw vegetable may reduce asthenozoospermia risk, while higher consumption of processed meat may increase the risk. Cooking methods may play a role in these associations. These findings need to be confirmed in large and prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bo-Chen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
- Correspondence: (B.-C.P.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-96615 (B.-C.P. & Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (B.-C.P.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-96615 (B.-C.P. & Y.-H.Z.)
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Fotovati A, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI. Impaired germ cell development due to compromised cell cycle progression in Skp2-deficient mice. Cell Div 2006; 1:4. [PMID: 16759351 PMCID: PMC1502135 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gonads are responsible for the production of germ cells through both mitosis and meiosis. Skp2 is the receptor subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin ligase and is a major regulator of the progression of cells into S phase of the cell cycle, which it promotes by mediating the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p27, an inhibitor of cell proliferation. However, the role of the Skp2-p27 pathway in germ cell development remains elusive. RESULTS We now show that disruption of Skp2 in mice results in a marked impairment in the fertility of males, with the phenotypes resembling Sertoli cell-only syndrome in men. Testes of Skp2-/- mice manifested pronounced germ cell hypoplasia accompanied by massive apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Flow cytometry revealed an increased prevalence of polyploidy in spermatozoa, suggesting that the aneuploidy of these cells is responsible for the induction of apoptosis. Disruption of the p27 gene of Skp2-/- mice restored germ cell development, indicating that the testicular hypoplasia of Skp2-/- animals is attributable to the antiproliferative effect of p27 accumulation. CONCLUSION Our results thus suggest that compromised cell cycle progression caused by the accumulation of p27 results in aneuploidy and the induction of apoptosis in gonadal cells of Skp2-/- mice. The consequent reduction in the number of mature gametes accounts for the decreased fertility of these animals. These findings reinforce the importance of the Skp2-p27 pathway in cell cycle regulation and in germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Fotovati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research on Human Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Iidaka T, Tsukamoto T, Totsuka Y, Hirata A, Sakai H, Shirai N, Yamamoto M, Wakabayashi K, Yanai T, Masegi T, Donehower LA, Tatematsu M. Lack of elevated liver carcinogenicity of aminophenylnorharman in p53-deficient mice. Cancer Lett 2005; 217:149-59. [PMID: 15617832 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocarcinogenic potential of 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (aminophenylnorharman, APNH) was investigated using male and female p53 deficient mice. Incidence of oval cell hyperplasia was 2/14 (14.3%), 14/23 (60.9%), and 2/10 (20%) in p53 nullizygous (-/-), heterozygous (+/-), and wild type (+/+) mice, respectively, exposed to 30 ppm APNH for 15 weeks, while hepatocellular anisonucleosis was observed only in APNH-treated p53 (-/-) mice. At 40 weeks, hepatocellular carcinomas had developed in 16/46 (34.8%) and 10/27 (37.0%) of female p53 (+/-) and (+/+) mice in contrast to only 1/45 (2.2%) and 2/12 (16.7%) in their male counterparts, respectively, without any detectable p53 gene mutations. Dose-dependent APNH-DNA adduct formation and transcriptional induction of CYP 1A1, but not CYP 1A2, was revealed with 7-day APNH treatment using female C57BL/6J mice. These results suggested hepatocarcinogenicity of APNH in mice could be linked to the liver microenvironment including hormonal milieu but independent of p53 expression and p53 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iidaka
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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Totsuka Y, Takamura-Enya T, Nishigaki R, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Mutagens formed from beta-carbolines with aromatic amines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 802:135-41. [PMID: 15036005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Norharman, widely distributed in our environment such as cigarette smoke and cooked foods, is not mutagenic to Salmonella strains, but becomes mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and YG1024 with S9 mix in the presence of aromatic amines, including aniline and o-toluidine. Therefore, we have designated norharman as a "co-mutagen". Since, humans are simultaneously exposed to norharman and aromatic amines in daily life, it is important to clarify the mechanisms of its co-mutagenic action to further understanding of the potential genotoxic effects in humans. Regarding the mechanisms of this action of norharman with aniline, a mutagenic compound, 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole[aminophenylnorharman (APNH)] is produced by their interaction, and converted to the hydroxyamino derivative which eventually forms the DNA adduct, dG-C8-APNH through possible ultimate reactive forms with esterification, and this induces mutations. Also other aminophenyl-beta-carboline compounds, such as 9-(4'-amino-3'-methylphenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole[amino-3'-methylphenylnorharman (3'-AMPNH)], 9-(4'-amino-2'-methylphenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [amino-2'-methylphenylnorharman (2'-AMPNH)], 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole[aminophenylharman (APH)] and 9-(4'-amino-3'-methylphenyl)-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole[amino-3'-methylphenylharman (AMPH)], have been found on reaction of norharman or harman with aniline or toluidine isomers. These compounds showed mutagenic and clastogenic actions in bacterial and mammalian cells. Among them, APNH demonstrated the most potent activity, and it was most extensively studied. When APNH was administered as a single dose to F344 rats, severe testicular toxicity was observed after 6 days. Moreover, liver preneoplastic lesions (GST-P-positive foci) in the liver clearly developed in animals fed 10-50 ppm of APNH in the diet for 4 weeks. Since, APNH was detected in 24 h urine of rats upon simultaneous administration with norharman and aniline by gavage, it is likely to be also produced from norharman and aniline in the human body. From these findings, it is suggested that aminophenyl-beta-carboline derivatives may be classified as one of the novel types of endogenous mutagens and carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Totsuka
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Iidaka T, Sakai H, Tsukamoto T, Yamamoto M, Shirai N, Totsuka Y, Wakabayashi K, Yanai T, Masegi T, Tatematsu M. Detection of Initiating and Promoting Activity of Aminophenylnorharman with a Five-week In Vivo Initiation Assay. J Toxicol Pathol 2004. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.17.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iidaka
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University
- Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research & Development
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University
- Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research & Development
| | - Yukari Totsuka
- Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gifu University
| | | | - Masae Tatematsu
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
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Yan W, Assadi AH, Wynshaw-Boris A, Eichele G, Matzuk MM, Clark GD. Previously uncharacterized roles of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b complex in mouse spermatogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:7189-94. [PMID: 12775763 PMCID: PMC165851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1236145100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to affect sperm motility and acrosomal function, thereby altering fertility. PAF acetylhydrolase 1b (PAFAH1B) hydrolyzes PAF and is composed of three subunits [the lissencephaly (LIS1) protein and alpha1 and alpha2 subunits] and structurally resembles a GTP-hydrolyzing protein. Besides the brain, transcripts for Lis1, alpha1, and alpha2 are localized to meiotic and early haploid germ cells. Here, we report disruptions of the alpha2 (Pafah1b2) and alpha1 (Pafah1b3) genes in mice. Male mice homozygous null for alpha2(alpha2-/-) are infertile, and spermatogenesis is disrupted at mid- or late pachytene stages of meiosis or early spermiogenesis. Whereas mice homozygous mutant for alpha1(alpha1-/-) have normal fertility and normal spermatogenesis, those with disruptions of both alpha1 and alpha2 (alpha1-/-alpha2-/-) manifest an earlier disturbance of spermatogenesis with an onset at preleptotene or leptotene stages of meiosis. Testicular Lis1 protein levels are up-regulated in the alpha2-/- and alpha1-/-alpha2-/- mice. Lowering Lis1 levels by inactivating one allele of Lis1 in alpha2 null or alpha1/alpha 2 null genetic backgrounds (i.e., alpha2-/-Lis1+/- or alpha1-/-alpha2-/-Lis1+/- mice) restored spermatogenesis and male fertility. Our data provide evidence for unique roles of the PAFAH1B complex and, particularly, the lissencephaly protein Lis1 in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Totsuka Y, Kataoka H, Takamura-Enya T, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. In vitro and in vivo formation of aminophenylnorharman from norharman and aniline. Mutat Res 2002; 506-507:49-54. [PMID: 12351144 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Norharman is not mutagenic to Salmonella strains, but becomes so to S. typhimurium TA98 and YG1024 with S9 mix in the presence of the non-mutagenic aromatic amine, aniline. The mutagenicity from norharman and aniline in the presence of S9 mix is reported to be due to formation of a mutagenic compound, 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (aminophenylnorharman, APNH). In the present study, we examined which enzymes might be involved in in vitro formation of APNH from norharman and aniline. When norharman (5mg) and aniline (2.5mg) were incubated with S9 mix, the S9 fraction of which was prepared from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital (PB) and beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF), at 37 degrees C for 20 min, 496 ng of APNH was produced. Formation of APNH was also detected with the microsomal fraction, but not with the cytosol fraction. The addition of a p450 inhibitor, SKF-525A, to the reaction mixture at a dose of 5mM resulted in a decrease of APNH formation, to around 40% of the control level. These results suggest involvement of p450 enzyme(s) in the formation of APNH from norharman and aniline. Moreover, a microsomal fraction from human liver was demonstrated to have the capacity to produce APNH from norharman and aniline, similar to the case with the microsomal fraction from rat liver. When norharman (90 mg/kg) and aniline (90 mg/kg) were administered to rats by gavage, APNH could be detected in the urine, at a rate of 19.6 ng+/-16.9 ng per 24h. The level was increased by treatment of the urine samples with hydrochloric acid, suggesting some APNH was excreted into urine as conjugated forms. Thus, it is likely that APNH may be produced from norharman and aniline in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Totsuka
- Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Naga T, Yoshimura S, Totsuka Y, Wakabayashi K. Maternal and developmental toxicity in mice by aminophenylnorharman, formed from norharman and aniline. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002; 21:147-51. [PMID: 12102540 DOI: 10.1191/0960327102ht227oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
9-(4'-Aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (aminophenylnorharman, APNH) is a novel mutagenic heterocyclic amine, produced by the reaction of norharman with aniline in the presence of S9 mix. In the present study, the maternal and developmental toxicity of APNH were investigated in ICR mice administered oral doses of 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day on gestational days (GD) 6 through 15 or 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg on GD 12. Maternal and foetal parameters were evaluated on day 18 of gestation. Foetuses of dams treated on GD 6-15 were examined for external and skeletal malformations and variations, and foetuses of dams treated on GD 12 were inspected for cleft palate. Maternal death occurred when APNH was administered at 5 mg/kg/day on GD 6-15. No significant decrease in body weight gain during the administration period was observed at doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day or less when applied on GD 6-15. Adverse changes in general condition of dams were observed in the groups treated at doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day and above on GD 6-15, whereas no adverse effects on dams were noted even when APNH was applied at a fairly high dose on GD 12. Intracytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes, necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells and desquamation of necrotic epithelial cells in the tubular lumen were observed in dams treated with APNH at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day on GD 6-15. Increased preimplantation loss was observed at 5 mg/kg/day and post-implantation loss was observed at 2.5 mg/kg/day and above when applied on GD 6-15, or at 20 mg/kg when applied on GD 12. Foetal body weight was decreased by APNH in a dose-dependent manner. The frequency of external malformations (cleft palate) was significantly increased in the group treated with APNH at 2.5 mg/kg/ day on GD 6-15 compared to the controls. However, there were no foetuses with cleft palate even when APNH was given at 20 mg/kg on GD 12. No significant increases in skeletally malformed foetuses were found in any APNH-treated group. The frequency of lumbar ribs was increased dose dependently. This study demonstrated the developmental toxicity of a mutagenic compound, APNH, in mice at maternally toxic doses, and that cleft palate observed in term foetuses resulted from the adverse effect of APNH on the maternal environment during organogenesis. More detailed studies are warranted to assess the possible risks to pregnant women from exposure to APNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naga
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
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