1
|
Punia M, Kumar A, Charaya G, Kumar T. Pathogens isolated from clinical cases of urinary tract infection in dogs and their antibiogram. Vet World 2018; 11:1037-1042. [PMID: 30250360 PMCID: PMC6141303 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1037-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to determine the etiology of urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs and to develop an antibiogram of organisms isolated. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected either through catheterization or cystocentesis from 35 dogs suspected of UTI admitted to VCC, LUVAS, Hisar. Bacteria were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics in 22 samples, and all the isolates were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Results: The urine samples found positive for bacteria yielded pure colony growth in 77.27% and mixed growth in 22.73% samples, respectively. Escherichia coli (29.62%) and Streptococcus spp. (29.62%) were the most prevalent microorganisms followed by Staphylococcus spp. (22.22%), Klebsiella spp. (11.11%), Pseudomonas spp. (3.7%), and Bacillus spp. (3.7%). Overall, maximum sensitivity of isolates was found toward ceftriaxone/tazobactam (88.88%) and least toward amoxicillin and cloxacillin (29.62%). Conclusion: E. coli and Streptococcus spp. were the most predominant bacteria isolated from UTI affected dogs. In vitro sensitivity revealed a significant proportion of bacteria to be multidrug resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Punia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Charaya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marques C, Gama LT, Belas A, Bergström K, Beurlet S, Briend-Marchal A, Broens EM, Costa M, Criel D, Damborg P, van Dijk MAM, van Dongen AM, Dorsch R, Espada CM, Gerber B, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Loncaric I, Mion D, Misic D, Movilla R, Overesch G, Perreten V, Roura X, Steenbergen J, Timofte D, Wolf G, Zanoni RG, Schmitt S, Guardabassi L, Pomba C. European multicenter study on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animal urinary tract infections. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:213. [PMID: 27658466 PMCID: PMC5034465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing concern regarding the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in companion animals. Yet, there are no studies comparing the resistance levels of these organisms in European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate geographical and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in companion animals in Europe. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 22 256 bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with UTI was determined. Samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 from 16 laboratories of 14 European countries. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of the most common bacteria was determined for each country individually in the years 2012-2013 and temporal trends of bacteria resistance were established by logistic regression. RESULTS The aetiology of uropathogenic bacteria differed between dogs and cats. For all bacterial species, Southern countries generally presented higher levels of antimicrobial resistance compared to Northern countries. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were found to be more prevalent in Southern countries. During the study period, the level of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolated in Belgium, Denmark, France and the Netherlands decreased significantly. A temporal increase in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin was observed among E. coli isolates from the Netherlands and Switzerland, respectively. Other country-specific temporal increases were observed for fluoroquinolone-resistant Proteus spp. isolated from companion animals from Belgium. CONCLUSIONS This work brings new insights into the current status of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animals with UTI in Europe and reinforces the need for strategies aiming to reduce resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Telo Gama
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adriana Belas
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Els M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Costa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | | | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marloes A M van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van Dongen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roswitha Dorsch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Martin Espada
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, Servicio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Department of Clinical Studies, Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Domenico Mion
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department of microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Dorina Timofte
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences Veterinary Medicine, Lasi, Romania.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georg Wolf
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Schmitt
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Constança Pomba
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang SK, Lo DY, Wei HW, Kuo HC. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from canine urinary tract infections. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:59-65. [PMID: 25720807 PMCID: PMC4349538 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the
antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs
with a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine samples from 201 dogs
with UTI diagnosed through clinical examination and urinalysis were processed for
isolation of Escherichia coli. Colonies from pure cultures were
identified by biochemical reactions (n=114) and were tested for susceptibility to 18
antimicrobials. The two most frequent antimicrobials showing resistance in Urinary
E. coli isolates were oxytetracycline and ampicillin. Among the
resistant isolates, 17 resistance patterns were observed, with 12 patterns involving
multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 69 tetracycline-resistant E. coli
isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was
detected in 50.9% of the isolates, whereas the remaining 25.5% isolates carried the
tet(A) determinant. Most ampicillin and/or amoxicillin-resistant
E. coli isolates carried blaTEM-1 genes.
Class 1 integrons were prevalent (28.9%) and contained previously described gene cassettes
that are implicated primarily in resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim
(dfrA1, dfrA17-aadA5). Of the 44 quinolone-resistant
E. coli isolates, 38 were resistant to nalidixic acid, and 6 were
resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Chromosomal point mutations
were found in the GyrA (Ser83Leu) and ParC (Ser80Ile) genes. Furthermore, the
aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC2, the chloramphenicol resistant gene
cmlA and the florfenicol resistant gene floR were also
identified. This study revealed an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance among
E. coli isolates from dogs with UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kuang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hall JL, Holmes MA, Baines SJ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of canine urinary tract pathogens. Vet Rec 2013; 173:549. [PMID: 24158327 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to describe the incidence and risk factors for positive urinary tract culture, the prevalence of urinary tract pathogens in single organism and mixed cultures and changes in their antimicrobial resistance over 10 years. A retrospective review of computer records detailing canine urine samples submitted between August 1999 and September 2009 for culture and sensitivity in a UK tertiary referral hospital is described. 17.5 per cent of 5923 samples (670 of 4530 dogs) were positive cultures. 85.3 per cent of cultures yielded a single isolate. The prevalence of bacterial species differed between mixed and single isolate cultures. Entire and neutered female dogs were more likely to return positive cultures than male dogs (OR=2.5 and 1.5, respectively). Escherichia coli was most commonly isolated (53.9 per cent) and affected female dogs, older dogs and neutered dogs more. There was an increase in the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and a decrease in the effectiveness of enrofloxacin, cephalexin and oxytetracycline. The prevalence of urinary bacterial isolates is described for a large group of dogs. Monitoring changes in antimicrobial efficacy and microbial resistance guides the empirical use of antimicrobials for the treatment of urinary tract infection and helps formulate strategic plans to limit drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Hall
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, University of Cambridge Veterinary School, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|