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Venugopal D, Kasani N, Manjunath Y, Li G, Kaifi JT, Kwon JW. Clog-free high-throughput microfluidic cell isolation with multifunctional microposts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16685. [PMID: 34404819 PMCID: PMC8370995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics have been applied to filtration of rare tumor cells from the blood as liquid biopsies. Processing is highly limited by low flow rates and device clogging due to a single function of fluidic paths. A novel method using multifunctional hybrid functional microposts was developed. A swift by-passing route for non-tumor cells was integrated to prevent very common clogging problems. Performance was characterized using microbeads (10 µm) and human cancer cells that were spiked in human blood. Design-I showed a capture efficiency of 96% for microbeads and 87% for cancer cells at 1 ml/min flow rate. An improved Design-II presented a higher capture efficiency of 100% for microbeads and 96% for cancer cells. Our method of utilizing various microfluidic functions of separation, bypass and capture has successfully guaranteed highly efficient separation of rare cells from biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Venugopal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nanda Kasani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yariswamy Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jae W Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Abstract
Microfluidics-based liquid chromatography is based on the miniaturization of the different types of liquid chromatography (LC) systems (e.g., affinity, adsorption, size exclusion, ion exchange) on a microchip to perform on-chip separation of different types of analytes. On-chip chromatography finds applications in genomics, proteomics, biomarker discovery, and environmental analysis. Microfluidics-based chromatography has good reproducibility and small sample consumption. However, the on-chip chromatography fabrication techniques are often more challenging to perform than conventional LC column preparation. Different research groups have attempted to develop different techniques to fabricate microfluidics-based LC systems. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in microfluidics-based chromatography.
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Feng X, Liu BF, Li J, Liu X. Advances in coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:535-57. [PMID: 24399782 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has shown advantages of low sample consumption, reduced analysis time, high throughput, and potential for integration and automation. Coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry (Chip-MS) can greatly improve the overall analytical performance of MS-based approaches and expand their potential applications. In this article, we review the advances of Chip-MS in the past decade, covering innovations in microchip fabrication, microchips coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS. Development of integrated microfluidic systems for automated MS analysis will be further documented, as well as recent applications of Chip-MS in proteomics, metabolomics, cell analysis, and clinical diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/methods
- Equipment Design
- Humans
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Lipids/analysis
- Metabolomics/instrumentation
- Metabolomics/methods
- Polysaccharides/analysis
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteomics/instrumentation
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Abstract
With the experimental tools and knowledge that have accrued from a long history of reductionist biology, we can now start to put the pieces together and begin to understand how biological systems function as an integrated whole. Here, we describe how microfabricated tools have demonstrated promise in addressing experimental challenges in throughput, resolution, and sensitivity to support systems-based approaches to biological understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Loice Chingozha
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Langenkamp E, Kamps JAAM, Mrug M, Verpoorte E, Niyaz Y, Horvatovich P, Bischoff R, Struijker-Boudier H, Molema G. Innovations in studying in vivo cell behavior and pharmacology in complex tissues--microvascular endothelial cells in the spotlight. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:647-69. [PMID: 24072341 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on the molecular control underlying normal cell behavior and cellular responses to disease stimuli and pharmacological intervention are conducted in single-cell culture systems, while the read-out of cellular engagement in disease and responsiveness to drugs in vivo is often based on overall tissue responses. As the majority of drugs under development aim to specifically interact with molecular targets in subsets of cells in complex tissues, this approach poses a major experimental discrepancy that prevents successful development of new therapeutics. In this review, we address the shortcomings of the use of artificial (single) cell systems and of whole tissue analyses in creating a better understanding of cell engagement in disease and of the true effects of drugs. We focus on microvascular endothelial cells that actively engage in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. We propose a new strategy in which in vivo molecular control of cells is studied directly in the diseased endothelium instead of at a (far) distance from the site where drugs have to act, thereby accounting for tissue-controlled cell responses. The strategy uses laser microdissection-based enrichment of microvascular endothelium which, when combined with transcriptome and (phospho)proteome analyses, provides a factual view on their status in their complex microenvironment. Combining this with miniaturized sample handling using microfluidic devices enables handling the minute sample input that results from this strategy. The multidisciplinary approach proposed will enable compartmentalized analysis of cell behavior and drug effects in complex tissue to become widely implemented in daily biomedical research and drug development practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Langenkamp
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Elucidation of the heterogeneity of cells is a challenging task due to the lack of efficient analytical tools to make measurements with single-cell resolution. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful platform for single-cell analysis with the ability to manipulate small volume and integrate multiple sample preparation steps into one device. In this review, we discuss the differentiating advantages of microfluidic platforms that have been demonstrated for single-cell protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- 1Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
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Wang S, Njoroge SK, Battle K, Zhang C, Hollins BC, Soper SA, Feng J. Two-dimensional nitrosylated protein fingerprinting by using poly (methyl methacrylate) microchips. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3362-3369. [PMID: 22766561 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation (also referred to as nitrosation), a reversible post translational modification (PTM) of cysteine, plays an important role in cellular functions and cell signalling pathways. Nitrosylated proteins are considered as biomarkers of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microfluidics has been widely used for development of novel tools for separation of protein mixtures. Here we demonstrate two-dimensional micro-electrophoresis (2D μ-CE) separations of nitrosylated proteins from the human colon epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and AD transgenic mice brain tissues. Sodium dodecyl sulphate micro-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS μ-CGE) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) were used for the first and second dimensional separations, respectively. The effective separation lengths for both dimensions were 10 mm, and electrokinetic injection was used with field strength at 200 V cm(-1). After 80 s separation in the first CGE dimension, fractions were successfully transferred to a second MEEKC dimension for a short 10 s separation. We first demonstrate this 2D μ-CE separation by resolving five standard proteins with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 20 to 64 kDa. We also present a high peak capacity 3D landscape image of nitrosylated proteins from HT-29 cells before and following menadione (MQ) treatment to induce oxidative stress. Additionally, to illustrate the potential of the 2D μ-CE separation method for rapid profiling of oxidative stress-induced biomarkers implicated in AD disease, the nitrosylated protein fingerprints from 11-month-old AD transgenic mice brain and their age matched controls were also generated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on 2D profiling of nitrosylated proteins in biological samples on a microchip. The characteristics of this biomarker profiling will potentially serve as the screening for early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA
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