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Rhodes CJ. An Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of the Radiolysis of Hexamethylbenzene and Hexamethyl(Dewar)Benzene. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967403103165459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of hexamethyl(Dewar)benzene (HMD) to γ-rays in a solid CFC13 matrix at 77K generated the corresponding radical cation (HMD+•) as shown by the observation of hyperfine coupling (A = 9·5 G) to the protons of four equivalent methyl groups: thus the 2B2 state (I) of the ion is established. On annealing to 140 K, ring-opening occurred to give the hexamethylbenzene cation (HMB+•). When CF2ClCFCl2 was used as the matrix material, a completely different spectrum was produced, consisting of seven lines with a common spacing of 14 G. Results obtained using different batches of the freon, and from careful annealing and concentration studies, establish that the low-field line is not part of the remaining six-line spectrum which can be assigned to the allylic radical (III), formed by deprotonation of the parent cation. γ-Irradiation of HMD in 2- methyltetrahydro-furan (MeTHF) followed by annealing gave the ψs* Jahn-Teller distorted form of the (ring-opened) HMB-• radical anion [A(6H) = 9 G] and so the parent anion is unstable, as is the cation. This was confirmed by an identical spectrum being obtained after the irradiation of an authentic sample of HMB in MeTHF. γ-Irradiation of pure HMD gave rise to a spectrum that can be analysed in terms of (III) and the endo H-atom adduct of HMD (IV). Hexamethylbenzene (HMB) on γ-irradiation in solid CFC13 gave the parent radical cation (HMB+•) At 130 K, this has a 6·7 G splitting and correct binomial intensities for 18 equivalent protons; on cooling to 77 K, the cation distorts so that a ψA type SOMO is adopted with four strongly coupled (A = 11·5G) and two weakly coupled (A = −2·8G) methyl groups. γ-Irradiation of pure HMB gave only broad features which we ascribe to a mixture of pentamethylbenzyl (VIII) and hexamethylcyclohexadienyl (IX) radicals, in which proton hyperfine structure is unresolved due to a range of restricted conformations being adopted by various methyl groups because of steric hindrance between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Rhodes
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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2
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Roth HD, Sauers RR. Approach to Loschmidt's tetracyclic benzene isomer and related tetra- and tricyclic isomers by intramolecular carbene additions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz D. Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Wright-Rieman Laboratories; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08854-8087 USA
| | - Ronald R. Sauers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Wright-Rieman Laboratories; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08854-8087 USA
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3
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Radical cations of disubstituted cyclopropanes: stereoelectronic effects on hyperfine coupling. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Visualization of homoaromaticity in cations, neutral molecules and anions by spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings)—an 1H/13C NMR chemical shift study. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Hoffmann N. Efficient photochemical electron transfer sensitization of homogeneous organic reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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7
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Roth HD. Biradicals by triplet recombination of radical ion pairs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:540-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b800524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chiu
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
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Kirchgessner M, Sreenath K, Gopidas KR. Understanding Reactivity Patterns of the Dialkylaniline Radical Cation. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9849-52. [PMID: 17168606 DOI: 10.1021/jo061809i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylaniline and N,N-diethylaniline react with Cu2+ to form the corresponding amine radical cations. The radical cations were characterized by their absorption spectra. In the absence of any nucleophiles, the radical cations dimerize to give tetraalkylbenzidines, and this reaction can be monitored by absorption spectroscopy. In the presence of nucleophiles such as Cl[negative in circle], Br[negative in circle], or SCN[negative in circle], the radical cations undergo nucleophilic substitution to give para-substituted dialkylanilines in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Kirchgessner
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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12
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Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Radical ions: Where organic chemistry meets materials sciences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-57565-0_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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13
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Warzecha KD, Xing X, Demuth M, Goddard R, Kessler M, Krüger C. Cascade Cyclizations of Terpenoid Polyalkenes Triggered by Photoelectron Transfer - Biomimetics with Photons. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The electrochemical oxidations of lansoprazole and omeprazole have been studied at a carbon paste electrode by cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetry in Britton-Robinson buffer solutions (0.04 M; pH 6.0-10.0). The drug produced a single oxidation step. By differential-pulse voltammetry, a linear response was obtained in B-R buffer pH 6.0 in a concentration range from 2.0 x 10(-7) to 5.0 x 10(-5) M for lansoprazole or omeprazole. The detection limits were 1.0 x 10(-8) and 2.5 x 10(-8) M for lansoprazole and omeprazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of omeprazole and lansoprazole in capsules. The results were comparable to those obtained by spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 34517 Dumyat, Egypt.
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Roth HD. Recombination of radical ion pairs of triplet multiplicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(01)00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Sluggett GW, Stong JD, Adams JH, Zhao Z. Omeprazole determination using HPLC with coulometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 25:357-61. [PMID: 11377014 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of omeprazole and three related benzimidazoles is reported. Coulometric detection was carried out at +800 mV using a porous carbon electrode. The linear range is 0.01-10 microg/ml. The method has a high degree of precision; the relative standard deviation of omeprazole at a concentration of 1.06 microg/ml was 0.7% (n=4). The cyclic voltammogram of omeprazole is consistent with the hydrodynamic voltammogram exhibiting a single major irreversible oxidative wave with a peak potential at +1105 mV. The response factors for the four compounds are similar indicating that the oxidative process does not involve the sulfur moiety exclusively. The data are most consistent with oxidation primarily of the benzimidazole groups. The method was applied successfully to the determination of omeprazole in a paste formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Sluggett
- Analytical Research and Development, Merial Ltd., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
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Mizuno K, Ichinose N, Yoshimi Y. Photochemistry of cyclopropanes, methylenecyclopropanes, and vinylidenecyclopropanes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(00)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Kochi J, Rathore R, Zhu, and C, Lindeman S. Structural Characterization of Novel Olefinic Cation Radicals: X-ray Crystallographic Evidence of σ–π Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001016)112:20<3817::aid-ange3817>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Kochi J, Rathore R, Zhu, and C, Lindeman S. Structural Characterization of Novel Olefinic Cation Radicals: X-ray Crystallographic Evidence of σ–π Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001016)39:20<3671::aid-anie3671>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Matsuura A, Nishinaga T, Komatsu K. Structural Studies on the Radical Cations of Benzene, Naphthalene, Biphenylene, and Anthracene Fully Annelated with Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0014436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuura
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Komatsu
- Contribution from the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
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22
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Mechanistic Studies in the Radical Induced DNA Strand Cleavage—Formation and Reactivity of the Radical Cation Intermediate. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Gutenberger G, Blechert S, Steckhan E. α-Cyano-γ-lactones by photoinduced electron transfer-catalyzed oxidation of α-hydroxyalkylsilanes in the presence of α-cyano acrylates. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Zhou D, Chou J, Roth HD. Electron transfer photochemistry of bridged allylcyclopropane systems: novel substitution products via deprotonation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199912)12:12<867::aid-poc206>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Mikami T, Harada M, Narasaka K. Photochemical Generation of Radical Species fromα-Stannyl Ethers and Their Reaction with Conjugate Enones. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Fokin AA, Gunchenko PA, Peleshanko SA, Schleyer PVR, Schreiner PR. Common Radical Cation Intermediates in Cage Hydrocarbon Activations. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199904)1999:4<855::aid-ejoc855>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Dinnocenzo JP, Merchán M, Roos BO, Shaik S, Zuilhof H. Electronic Spectra of Phenylcyclopropane and Cumene Cation Radicals: Interplay of Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9820673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Dinnocenzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-4100 Valencia, Spain, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computional Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences,
| | - M. Merchán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-4100 Valencia, Spain, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computional Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences,
| | - B. O. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-4100 Valencia, Spain, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computional Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences,
| | - S. Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-4100 Valencia, Spain, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computional Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences,
| | - H. Zuilhof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, E-4100 Valencia, Spain, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computional Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences,
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Marcinek A. Direct Characterization of Hexamethyl(Dewar Benzene) Radical Cation by Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9815560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Marcinek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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29
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Zimmer K, Hoppmeier M, Schweig A. Fluorescence of an organic radical cation (5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine⋅+) in liquid solution at room temperature. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Rathore R, Kumar AS, Lindeman SV, Kochi JK. Preparation and Structures of Crystalline Aromatic Cation-Radical Salts. Triethyloxonium Hexachloroantimonate as a Novel (One-Electron) Oxidant. J Org Chem 1998; 63:5847-5856. [PMID: 11672186 DOI: 10.1021/jo980407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate [Et(3)O(+)SbCl(6)(-)] is a selective oxidant of aromatic donors (ArH), and it allows the facile preparation and isolation of crystalline paramagnetic salts [ArH(+)(*), SbCl(6)(-)] for the X-ray structure determination of various aromatic cation radicals. The mechanistic relationship between the Meerwein salt [Et(3)O(+)SbCl(6)(-)] and the pure Lewis acid oxidant SbCl(5) is based on a prior ethyl transfer from oxygen to chlorine within the ion pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
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Hintz S, Mattay J, van Eldik R, Fu WF. Regio- and Stereoselective Cyclization Reactions of Unsaturated Silyl Enol Ethers by Photoinduced Electron Transfer – Mechanistic Aspects and Synthetic Approach. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199808)1998:8<1583::aid-ejoc1583>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariella Mella
- Dip. Chimica Organica, v. Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- Dip. Chimica Organica, v. Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Gutenberger G, Steckhan E, Blechert S. α-Silylether als Hydroxymethylanionen- Äquivalente in photoinduzierten radikalischen Elektronentransferadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980302)110:5<679::aid-ange679>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Gebicki J, Bally T. Spontaneous Hydrogen Atom Transfer on Ionization: Characterization of Enol Radical Cations in Cryogenic Matrices. Acc Chem Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ar960094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Gebicki
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zwirki 36, 90-924 Lodz, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bally
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zwirki 36, 90-924 Lodz, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Kumar JSD, Das S. Photoinduced electron transfer reactions of amines: Synthetic applications and mechanistic studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1997. [DOI: 10.1163/156856797x00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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McIlroy S, Weng H, Roth HD. Electron transfer photochemistry of 7-(spirocyclopropane)quadricyclane: capture of a radical cation and sequential cyclopropylcarbinyl rearrangements. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199708)10:8<607::aid-poc931>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Trifunac AD, Werst DW, Herges R, Neumann H, Prinzbach H, Etzkorn M. (Iso)Pagodane Radical Cations in Liquid Hydrocarbons: “Time-Resolved Fluorescence-Detected Magnetic Resonance” Study of Valence Isomeric Radical Cations. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961035v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Pitchumani K, Corbin DR, Ramamurthy V. Electron Transfer Reactions within Zeolites: Radical Cation from Benzonorbornadiene. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961535o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Pitchumani
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 Central Research and Development The Du Pont Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
| | - D. R. Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 Central Research and Development The Du Pont Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
| | - V. Ramamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 Central Research and Development The Du Pont Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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39
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The radical cation of trans-1,3-pentadiene: resonance Raman spectrum and ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(95)09199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Zhou D, Sheik M, Roth HD. Electron transfer induced deprotonation of α- and β-pinene: Evidence for ring-closed vinylcyclobutane radical cations. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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de Lijser HJP, Arnold DR. Interconversion and Rearrangement of the Radical Cations of Methylenecyclopropane, 1,4-Bis(methylene)cyclohexane, Tricyclo[2.2.2.0]octane, Dispiro[2.0.2.2]octane, and Dispiro[2.1.2.1]octane. 1. Theoretical Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huub J. P. de Lijser
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Donald R. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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Meggers E, Steckhan E, Blechert S. Radikalische C-C-Bindungsknüpfung durch photoelektronentransferkatalysierte Addition von α-Silylcarbamaten an acceptorsubstituierte Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Gescheidt G, Herges R, Neumann H, Heinze J, Wollenweber M, Etzkorn M, Prinzbach H. 4c/3e-Radikalkationen mit Käfig-gesteuerten Konfigurationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arnold DR, Du X, Chen J. The effect of meta- or para-cyano substitution on the reactivity of the radical cations of arylalkenes and alkanes. Radical ions in photochemistry, Part 34. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of electron-withdrawing substituents, meta- or para-cyano, on the reactivity of the radical cation of arylalkenes and alkanes has been determined. The radical cations were generated by single electron transfer (set) to an electron-accepting photosensitizer. Three reactions were studied: (i) the addition of nucleophile to the radical cation of arylalkenes, (ii) cleavage of the benzylic carbon–carbon bond of the radical cation of arylalkanes; and (iii) the deprotonation of the benzylic carbon–hydrogen bond of the radical cation of arylalkanes. The radical cations of 4-(1-phenylethenyl)benzonitrile (1b), 3-(1-phenylethenyl)benzonitrile (1c), 4-(2-methoxy-1-phenylethyl)benzonitrile (2b), 3-(2-methoxy-1-phenylethyl)benzonitrile (2c), cis- and trans-5-cyano-2-methoxy-1-phenylindane (6b-cis and -trans), and 6-cyano-3-phenylindene (7b) were generated, by single electron transfer to the lowest excited singlet state of 1,4-dicyanobenzene (3), in acetonitrile–methanol. The radical cations of 1b, 1c, and 7b react with methanol to yield the anti-Markovnikov adducts (2b, 2c, and 6b-cis and 6b-trans). The radical cations of 2b, 2c, and 6b-trans cleave at the benzylic carbon–carbon bond to give products derived from the radical and carbocation fragments. The radical cation of 6b-cis deprotonates from the benzylic position with subsequent formation of the diastereomer, 6b-trans. This behaviour can be explained/predicted on the basis of the proposed mechanisms for these reactions. Molecular orbital calculations (AM1) support the conclusions. Keywords: photosensitized, electron transfer, radical ions, radicals, molecular orbital calculations (AM1).
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Prinzbach H, Weber K. Vom Insektizid zu Platons Universum – die Pagodan-Route zu Dodecahedranen: neue Wege und neue Ziele. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941062204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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