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Kajani S, Laker RC, Ratkova E, Will S, Rhodes CJ. Hepatic glucagon action: beyond glucose mobilization. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1021-1060. [PMID: 38300523 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon's ability to promote hepatic glucose production has been known for over a century, with initial observations touting this hormone as a diabetogenic agent. However, glucagon receptor agonism [when balanced with an incretin, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to dampen glucose excursions] is now being developed as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic diseases, like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH), and may also have benefit for obesity and chronic kidney disease. Conventionally regarded as the opposing tag-team partner of the anabolic mediator insulin, glucagon is gradually emerging as more than just a "catabolic hormone." Glucagon action on glucose homeostasis within the liver has been well characterized. However, growing evidence, in part thanks to new and sensitive "omics" technologies, has implicated glucagon as more than just a "glucose liberator." Elucidation of glucagon's capacity to increase fatty acid oxidation while attenuating endogenous lipid synthesis speaks to the dichotomous nature of the hormone. Furthermore, glucagon action is not limited to just glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, as traditionally reported. Glucagon plays key regulatory roles in hepatic amino acid and ketone body metabolism, as well as mitochondrial turnover and function, indicating broader glucagon signaling consequences for metabolic homeostasis mediated by the liver. Here we examine the broadening role of glucagon signaling within the hepatocyte and question the current dogma, to appreciate glucagon as more than just that "catabolic hormone."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Kajani
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Ekaterina Ratkova
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sarah Will
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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2
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Woolf B, Perry JA, Hong CC, Wilkins MR, Toshner M, Gill D, Burgess S, Rhodes CJ. Multi-biobank summary data Mendelian randomisation does not support a causal effect of IL-6 signalling on risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2302031. [PMID: 38453257 PMCID: PMC10991834 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02031-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 has been linked with the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). IL-6 plasma levels are elevated in PAH patients and closely linked to survival [1]. Both increased IL-6 activity and gene knockout influence the development of, and resistance to, pulmonary hypertension in animal models [2–4]. IL-6 can repress expression of BMPR2, a gene key in PAH risk [5]. In the most comprehensive analysis to date, this study failed to detect an association of genetically predicted CRP-weighted IL-6 signalling or CRP-weighted IL-6R signalling with PAH risk using all available PAH GWAS data https://bit.ly/3T5h5uj
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Woolf
- The MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- The MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Tai YY, Yu Q, Tang Y, Sun W, Kelly NJ, Okawa S, Zhao J, Schwantes-An TH, Lacoux C, Torrino S, Aaraj YA, Khoury WE, Negi V, Liu M, Corey CG, Belmonte F, Vargas SO, Schwartz B, Bhat B, Chau BN, Karnes JH, Satoh T, Barndt RJ, Wu H, Parikh VN, Wang J, Zhang Y, McNamara D, Li G, Speyer G, Wang B, Shiva S, Kaufman B, Kim S, Gomez D, Mari B, Cho MH, Boueiz A, Pauciulo MW, Southgate L, Trembath RC, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Graf S, Morrell NW, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Nouraie M, Nichols WC, Desai AA, Bertero T, Chan SY. Allele-specific control of rodent and human lncRNA KMT2E-AS1 promotes hypoxic endothelial pathology in pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadd2029. [PMID: 38198571 PMCID: PMC10947529 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic reprogramming of vasculature relies on genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic circuitry, but the control points are unknown. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease driven by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent vascular dysfunction, HIF-2α promoted expression of neighboring genes, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2E-antisense 1 (KMT2E-AS1) and histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E). KMT2E-AS1 stabilized KMT2E protein to increase epigenetic histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), driving HIF-2α-dependent metabolic and pathogenic endothelial activity. This lncRNA axis also increased HIF-2α expression across epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional contexts, thus promoting a positive feedback loop to further augment HIF-2α activity. We identified a genetic association between rs73184087, a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) within a KMT2E intron, and disease risk in PAH discovery and replication patient cohorts and in a global meta-analysis. This SNV displayed allele (G)-specific association with HIF-2α, engaged in long-range chromatin interactions, and induced the lncRNA-KMT2E tandem in hypoxic (G/G) cells. In vivo, KMT2E-AS1 deficiency protected against PAH in mice, as did pharmacologic inhibition of histone methylation in rats. Conversely, forced lncRNA expression promoted more severe PH. Thus, the KMT2E-AS1/KMT2E pair orchestrates across convergent multi-ome landscapes to mediate HIF-2α pathobiology and represents a key clinical target in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department Of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. louis, Mo 63110, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neil J. Kelly
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Va Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Caroline Lacoux
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Stephanie Torrino
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wadih El Khoury
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vinny Negi
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catherine G. Corey
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical center children’s hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Frances Belmonte
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bal Bhat
- Translate Bio, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Jason H. Karnes
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8575, Japan
| | - Robert J. Barndt
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Victoria N. Parikh
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dennis McNamara
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gil Speyer
- Research Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brett Kaufman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Roy G. Perry college of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bernard Mari
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Southgate
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2lS, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2lS, UK
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris–Saclay, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris–Saclay, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Stefan Graf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
- NIHR Bioresource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
- Centessa Pharmaceuticals, Altrincham, Cheshire, WA14 2DT, UK
| | | | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6lY, UK
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - William C. Nichols
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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4
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Ulrich A, Wu Y, Draisma H, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Cebola I, Vasilaki E, Balkhiyarova Z, Jarvelin MR, Auvinen J, Herzig KH, Coghlan JG, Lordan J, Church C, Howard LS, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort SJ, Kiely DG, Condliffe R, Lawrie A, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ. Blood DNA methylation profiling identifies cathepsin Z dysregulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2024; 15:330. [PMID: 38184627 PMCID: PMC10771427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling causing premature death from right heart failure. Established DNA variants influence PAH risk, but susceptibility from epigenetic changes is unknown. We addressed this through epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), testing 865,848 CpG sites for association with PAH in 429 individuals with PAH and 1226 controls. Three loci, at Cathepsin Z (CTSZ, cg04917472), Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex 6 (COG6, cg27396197), and Zinc Finger Protein 678 (ZNF678, cg03144189), reached epigenome-wide significance (p < 10-7) and are hypermethylated in PAH, including in individuals with PAH at 1-year follow-up. Of 16 established PAH genes, only cg10976975 in BMP10 shows hypermethylation in PAH. Hypermethylation at CTSZ is associated with decreased blood cathepsin Z mRNA levels. Knockdown of CTSZ expression in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells increases caspase-3/7 activity (p < 10-4). DNA methylation profiles are altered in PAH, exemplified by the pulmonary endothelial function modifier CTSZ, encoding protease cathepsin Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulrich
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harmen Draisma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Toshner
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National PH Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- VPD Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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5
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Walters R, Vasilaki E, Wilkins MR, Zhao L, Rhodes CJ. Response by Walters et al to Letter Regarding Article, " SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding and Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension". Circulation 2023; 148:1825-1826. [PMID: 38011243 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (E.V., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (E.V., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (E.V., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (E.V., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
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Jomova K, Cvik M, Lauro P, Valko M, Cizmar E, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ. The role of redox active copper(II) on antioxidant properties of the flavonoid baicalein: DNA protection under Cu(II)-Fenton reaction and Cu(II)-ascorbate system conditions. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112244. [PMID: 37178556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are mediated by their functional hydroxyl groups, which are capable of both chelating redox active metals such as iron, copper and scavenging free radicals. In this paper, the antioxidant vs. prooxidant and DNA protecting properties of baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes were studied under the conditions of the Copper-Fenton reaction and of the Copper-Ascorbate system. From the relevant EPR spectra, the interaction of baicalein with Cu(II) ions was confirmed, while UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated a greater stability over time of Cu(II)-baicalein complexes in DMSO than in methanol and PBS and Phosphate buffers. An ABTS study confirmed a moderate ROS scavenging efficiency, at around 37%, for both free baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes (in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2). The results from absorption titrations are in agreement with those from viscometric studies and confirmed that the binding mode between DNA and both free baicalein and Cu-baicalein complexes, involves hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The DNA protective effect of baicalein has been investigated by means of gel electrophoresis under the conditions of the Cu-catalyzed Fenton reaction and of the Cu-Ascorbate system. In both cases, it was found that, at sufficiently high concentrations, baicalein offers some protection to cells from DNA damage caused by ROS (singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical anions). Accordingly, baicalein may be useful as a therapeutic agent in diseases with a disturbed metabolism of redox metals such as copper, for example Alzheimer's disease, Wilson's disease and various cancers. While therapeutically sufficient concentrations of baicalein may protect neuronal cells from Cu-Fenton-induced DNA damage in regard to neurological conditions, conversely, in the case of cancers, low concentrations of baicalein do not inhibit the pro-oxidant effect of copper ions and ascorbate, which can, in turn, deliver an effective damage to DNA in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia.
| | - Marcel Cvik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erik Cizmar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, University of P. J. Safarik, Park Angelinum 9, Kosice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Merz JJ, Barnard P, Rees WE, Smith D, Maroni M, Rhodes CJ, Dederer JH, Bajaj N, Joy MK, Wiedmann T, Sutherland R. World scientists' warning: The behavioural crisis driving ecological overshoot. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231201372. [PMID: 37728669 PMCID: PMC10515534 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Previously, anthropogenic ecological overshoot has been identified as a fundamental cause of the myriad symptoms we see around the globe today from biodiversity loss and ocean acidification to the disturbing rise in novel entities and climate change. In the present paper, we have examined this more deeply, and explore the behavioural drivers of overshoot, providing evidence that overshoot is itself a symptom of a deeper, more subversive modern crisis of human behaviour. We work to name and frame this crisis as 'the Human Behavioural Crisis' and propose the crisis be recognised globally as a critical intervention point for tackling ecological overshoot. We demonstrate how current interventions are largely physical, resource intensive, slow-moving and focused on addressing the symptoms of ecological overshoot (such as climate change) rather than the distal cause (maladaptive behaviours). We argue that even in the best-case scenarios, symptom-level interventions are unlikely to avoid catastrophe or achieve more than ephemeral progress. We explore three drivers of the behavioural crisis in depth: economic growth; marketing; and pronatalism. These three drivers directly impact the three 'levers' of overshoot: consumption, waste and population. We demonstrate how the maladaptive behaviours of overshoot stemming from these three drivers have been catalysed and perpetuated by the intentional exploitation of previously adaptive human impulses. In the final sections of this paper, we propose an interdisciplinary emergency response to the behavioural crisis by, amongst other things, the shifting of social norms relating to reproduction, consumption and waste. We seek to highlight a critical disconnect that is an ongoing societal gulf in communication between those that know such as scientists working within limits to growth, and those members of the citizenry, largely influenced by social scientists and industry, that must act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Merz
- Merz Institute, Whitianga, New Zealand
- Stable Planet Alliance, Calabasas, USA
| | - Phoebe Barnard
- Stable Planet Alliance, Calabasas, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- African Climate and Development Initiative and FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia H Dederer
- Merz Institute, Whitianga, New Zealand
- Stable Planet Alliance, Calabasas, USA
- Foundation for Climate Restoration, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Nandita Bajaj
- Stable Planet Alliance, Calabasas, USA
- Antioch University, Yellow Springs, OH, USA
- Population Balance, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael K Joy
- Merz Institute, Whitianga, New Zealand
- Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Wiedmann
- Sustainability Assessment Program, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Guignabert C, Savale L, Boucly A, Thuillet R, Tu L, Ottaviani M, Rhodes CJ, De Groote P, Prévot G, Bergot E, Bourdin A, Howard LS, Fadel E, Beurnier A, Roche A, Jevnikar M, Jaïs X, Montani D, Wilkins MR, Sitbon O, Humbert M. Serum and Pulmonary Expression Profiles of the Activin Signaling System in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1809-1822. [PMID: 37096577 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activins are novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We therefore studied whether key members of the activin pathway could be used as PAH biomarkers. METHODS Serum levels of activin A, activin B, α-subunit of inhibin A and B proteins, and the antagonists follistatin and follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) were measured in controls and in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic, heritable, or anorexigen-associated PAH (n=80) at baseline and 3 to 4 months after treatment initiation. The primary outcome was death or lung transplantation. Expression patterns of the inhibin subunits, follistatin, FSTL3, Bambi, Cripto, and the activin receptors type I (ALK), type II (ACTRII), and betaglycan were analyzed in PAH and control lung tissues. RESULTS Death or lung transplantation occurred in 26 of 80 patients (32.5%) over a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range, 50-81) months. Both baseline (hazard ratio, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.000-1.001]; P=0.037 and 1.263 [95% CI, 1.049-1.520]; P=0.014, respectively) and follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001-1.005]; P=0.001 and 1.365 [95% CI, 1.185-1.573]; P<0.001, respectively) serum levels of activin A and FSTL3 were associated with transplant-free survival in a model adjusted for age and sex. Thresholds determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses were 393 pg/mL for activin A and 16.6 ng/mL for FSTL3. When adjusted with New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk distance, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, the hazard ratios for transplant-free survival for baseline activin A <393 pg/mL and FSTL3 <16.6 ng/mL were, respectively, 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03-0.61; P=0.009) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.06-0.45; P<0.001), and for follow-up measures, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.07-0.78; P=0.019) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.09-0.78, P=0.015), respectively. Prognostic values of activin A and FSTL3 were confirmed in an independent external validation cohort. Histological analyses showed a nuclear accumulation of the phosphorylated form of Smad2/3, higher immunoreactivities for ACTRIIB, ALK2, ALK4, ALK5, ALK7, Cripto, and FSTL3 in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle layers, and lower immunostaining for inhibin-α and follistatin. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer new insights into the activin signaling system in PAH and show that activin A and FSTL3 are prognostic biomarkers for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Laurent Savale
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Athénaïs Boucly
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R., M.R.W.)
| | - Pascal De Groote
- Université de Lille, Service de cardiologie, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1167, France (P.D.G.)
| | - Grégoire Prévot
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Larrey, Service de pneumologie, France (G.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Unicaen, UFR santé, Service de Pneumologie & Oncologie Thoracique, CHU de Caen, France (E.B.)
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Department of Respiratory Diseases, France (A. Bourdin)
| | - Luke S Howard
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (L.S.H.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris-Saclay University, France (E.F.)
| | - Antoine Beurnier
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Anne Roche
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Mitja Jevnikar
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - David Montani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R., M.R.W.)
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
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9
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Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Chen CN, Wu Y, Liang OD, Ashek A, Dubois O, Zhao L, Sabrin F, Cebola I, Ferrer J, Morrell NW, Klinger JR, Wilkins MR, Zhao L, Rhodes CJ. SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding And Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1606-1621. [PMID: 37066790 PMCID: PMC7614572 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased vascular resistance, and right-sided heart failure. Genome-wide association studies of idiopathic/heritable PAH established novel genetic risk variants, including conserved enhancers upstream of transcription factor (TF) SOX17 containing 2 independent signals. SOX17 is an important TF in embryonic development and in the homeostasis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in the adult. Rare pathogenic mutations in SOX17 cause heritable PAH. We hypothesized that PAH risk alleles in an enhancer region impair TF-binding upstream of SOX17, which in turn reduces SOX17 expression and contributes to disturbed endothelial cell function and PAH development. METHODS CRISPR manipulation and siRNA were used to modulate SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays were used to confirm in silico-predicted TF differential binding to the SOX17 variants. Functional assays in hPAECs were used to establish the biological consequences of SOX17 loss. In silico analysis with the connectivity map was used to predict compounds that rescue disturbed SOX17 signaling. Mice with deletion of the SOX17-signal 1 enhancer region (SOX17-4593/enhKO) were phenotyped in response to chronic hypoxia and SU5416/hypoxia. RESULTS CRISPR inhibition of SOX17-signal 2 and deletion of SOX17-signal 1 specifically decreased SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays demonstrated differential binding of hPAEC nuclear proteins to the risk and nonrisk alleles from both SOX17 signals. Candidate TFs HOXA5 and ROR-α were identified through in silico analysis and antibody electromobility shift assays. Analysis of the hPAEC transcriptomes revealed alteration of PAH-relevant pathways on SOX17 silencing, including extracellular matrix regulation. SOX17 silencing in hPAECs resulted in increased apoptosis, proliferation, and disturbance of barrier function. With the use of the connectivity map, compounds were identified that reversed the SOX17-dysfunction transcriptomic signatures in hPAECs. SOX17 enhancer knockout in mice reduced lung SOX17 expression, resulting in more severe pulmonary vascular leak and hypoxia or SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Common PAH risk variants upstream of the SOX17 promoter reduce endothelial SOX17 expression, at least in part, through differential binding of HOXA5 and ROR-α. Reduced SOX17 expression results in disturbed hPAEC function and PAH. Existing drug compounds can reverse the disturbed SOX17 pulmonary endothelial transcriptomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Chien-Nien Chen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (O.D.L.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Ali Ashek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olivier Dubois
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Farah Sabrin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain (J.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.R.K.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
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10
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Szydlowska M, Lasky G, Oldham S, Rivera C, Ford M, Sellman BR, Rhodes CJ, Cohen TS. Restoring polyamine levels by supplementation of spermidine modulates hepatic immune landscape in murine model of NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166697. [PMID: 37054999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if changes in polyamines metabolism occur during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in human patients and mice, as well as to assess systemic and liver-specific effects of spermidine administration into mice suffering from advanced NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human fecal samples were collected from 50 healthy and 50 NASH patients. For the preclinical studies C57Bl6/N male mice fed GAN or NIH-31 diet for 6 months were ordered from Taconic and liver biopsy was performed. Based on severity of liver fibrosis, body composition and body weight, the mice from both dietary groups were randomized into another two groups: half receiving 3 mM spermidine in drinking water, half normal water for subsequent 12 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly and glucose tolerance and body composition were assessed at the end. Blood and organs were collected during necropsy, and intrahepatic immune cells were isolated for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis of human and murine feces confirmed that levels of polyamines decreased along NASH progression. Administration of exogenous spermidine to the mice from both dietary groups did not affect body weight, body composition or adiposity. Moreover, incidence of macroscopic hepatic lesions was higher in NASH mice receiving spermidine. On the other hand, spermidine normalized numbers of Kupffer cells in the livers of mice suffering from NASH, although these beneficial effects did not translate into improved liver steatosis or fibrosis severity. CONCLUSION Levels of polyamines decrease during NASH in mice and human patients but spermidine administration does not improve advanced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szydlowska
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Ginger Lasky
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Cristian Rivera
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael Ford
- Animal Sciences & Technologies, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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11
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Andersen MK, Ängquist L, Bork-Jensen J, Jonsson AE, Stinson SE, Sandholt CH, Thodberg M, Pikkupeura LM, Ongstad EL, Grarup N, Astrup A, Pedersen O, Williams K, Barrès R, Sørensen TIA, Linneberg A, Grimsby J, Rhodes CJ, Hansen T. Physical Activity and Insulin Sensitivity Independently Attenuate the Effect of FTO rs9939609 on Obesity. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:985-992. [PMID: 36809463 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between FTO rs9939609 and obesity is modified by physical activity (PA) and/or insulin sensitivity (IS). We aimed to assess whether these modifications are independent, whether PA and/or IS modify the association between rs9939609 and cardiometabolic traits, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Genetic association analyses comprised up to 19,585 individuals. PA was self-reported, and IS was defined based on inverted HOMA insulin resistance index. Functional analyses were performed in muscle biopsies from 140 men, and in cultured muscle cells. RESULTS The BMI-increasing effect of the FTO rs9939609 A allele was attenuated by 47% with high PA (β [SE], -0.32 [0.10] kg/m2, P = 0.0013), and by 51% with high IS (-0.31 [0.09] kg/m2, P = 0.00028). Interestingly, these interactions were essentially independent (PA, -0.20 [0.09] kg/m2, P = 0.023; IS, -0.28 [0.09] kg/m2, P = 0.0011). The rs9939609 A allele was also associated with higher all-cause mortality and certain cardiometabolic outcomes (hazard ratio, 1.07-1.20, P > 0.04), and these effects tended to be weakened by greater PA and IS. Moreover, the rs9939609 A allele was associated with higher expression of FTO in skeletal muscle tissue (0.03 [0.01], P = 0.011), and in skeletal muscle cells, we identified a physical interaction between the FTO promoter and an enhancer region encompassing rs9939609. CONCLUSIONS Greater PA and IS independently reduced the effect of rs9939609 on obesity. These effects might be mediated through altered expression of FTO in skeletal muscle. Our results indicated that PA and/or other means of increasing insulin sensitivity could counteract FTO-related genetic predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna E Jonsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara E Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H Sandholt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte Thodberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Maarit Pikkupeura
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily L Ongstad
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Obesity and Nutrition Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kristine Williams
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Hirsch K, Nolley S, Ralph DD, Zheng Y, Altemeier WA, Rhodes CJ, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Leary PJ, Rayner SG. Circulating markers of inflammation and angiogenesis and clinical outcomes across subtypes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:173-182. [PMID: 36470771 PMCID: PMC9840657 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtypes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) differ in both fundamental disease features and clinical outcomes. Angiogenesis and inflammation represent disease features that may differ across subtypes and are of special interest in connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH). We compared inflammatory and angiogenic biomarker profiles across different etiologies of PAH and related them to clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants with idiopathic PAH, CTD-PAH, toxin-associated PAH (tox-PAH), or congenital heart disease-associated PAH (CHD-PAH) were enrolled into a prospective observational cohort. Baseline serum concentrations of 33 biomarkers were related to 3-year mortality, echocardiogram, REVEAL score, and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Findings were validated using plasma proteomic data from the UK PAH Cohort Study. RESULTS One hundred twelve patients were enrolled: 45 idiopathic, 27 CTD-PAH, 20 tox-PAH, and 20 CHD-PAH. Angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers were distinctly elevated within the CTD-PAH cohort. Six biomarkers were associated with mortality within the entire PAH cohort: interleukin-6 (IL-6, HR:1.6, 95% CI:1.18-2.18), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1, HR:1.35, 95% CI:1.02-1.80), placental growth factor (PlGF, HR:1.55, 95% CI:1.07-2.25), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, HR:1.44, 95% CI:1.04-1.99), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β, HR:1.81, 95% CI:1.11-2.95), and NT-proBNP (HR:2.19, 95% CI:1.52-3.14). Only IL-6 and NT-proBNP remained significant after controlling for multiple comparisons. IL-6, IP-10, and sFlt-1 significantly associated with mortality in CTD-PAH, but not non-CTD-PAH subgroups. In the UK cohort, IP-10, PlGF, TNF-β, and NT-proBNP significantly associated with 5-year survival. CONCLUSION Levels of angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in CTD-PAH, compared with other etiologies of PAH, and may correlate with clinical outcomes including mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Nolley
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David D Ralph
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel G Rayner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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13
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Stinson SE, Jonsson AE, Andersen MK, Lund MAV, Holm LA, Fonvig CE, Huang Y, Stankevič E, Juel HB, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Ongstad EL, Gaddipati R, Grimsby J, Rhodes CJ, Pedersen O, Christiansen M, Holm J, Hansen T. High Plasma Levels of Soluble Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Are Associated With Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Pediatric Overweight and Obesity. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e8145. [PMID: 36695299 PMCID: PMC9973661 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) receptor-1 is a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. In adults, higher soluble lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but a similar link in pediatric overweight/obesity remains uncertain. Methods and Results Analyses were based on the cross-sectional HOLBAEK Study, including 4- to 19-year-olds from an obesity clinic group with body mass index >90th percentile (n=1815) and from a population-based group (n=2039). Fasting plasma levels of sLOX-1 and inflammatory markers were quantified, cardiometabolic risk profiles were assessed, and linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Pubertal/postpubertal children and adolescents from the obesity clinic group exhibited higher sLOX-1 levels compared with the population (P<0.001). sLOX-1 positively associated with proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, body mass index SD score, waist SD score, body fat %, plasma alanine aminotransferase, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure SD score, and inversely associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.05). sLOX-1 positively associated with high alanine aminotransferase (odds ratio [OR], 1.16, P=4.1 E-04), insulin resistance (OR, 1.16, P=8.6 E-04), dyslipidemia (OR, 1.25, P=1.8 E-07), and hypertension (OR, 1.12, P=0.02). Conclusions sLOX-1 levels were elevated during and after puberty in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity compared with population-based peers and associated with inflammatory markers and worsened cardiometabolic risk profiles. sLOX-1 may serve as an early marker of cardiometabolic risk and inflammation in pediatric overweight/obesity. Registration The HOLBAEK Study, formerly known as The Danish Childhood Obesity Biobank, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT00928473, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00928473 (registered June 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anna E. Jonsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mette K. Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Morten A. V. Lund
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of PediatricsHolbæk HospitalHolbækDenmark,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark,The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of PediatricsHolbæk HospitalHolbækDenmark
| | - Cilius E. Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark,The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of PediatricsHolbæk HospitalHolbækDenmark,Department of PediatricsKolding Hospital a part of Lillebælt HospitalKoldingDenmark
| | - Yun Huang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Evelina Stankevič
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Emily L. Ongstad
- Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMD
| | - Ranjitha Gaddipati
- Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMD
| | - Joseph Grimsby
- Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMD,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNY
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMD
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of PediatricsHolbæk HospitalHolbækDenmark,Department for Congenital DisordersStatens Serum InstituteCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens‐Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark,The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of PediatricsHolbæk HospitalHolbækDenmark,Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenDenmark
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14
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Hong J, Wong B, Rhodes CJ, Kurt Z, Schwantes-An TH, Mickler EA, Gräf S, Eyries M, Lutz KA, Pauciulo MW, Trembath RC, Montani D, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Nichols WC, Trégouët DA, Aldred MA, Desai AA, Tuder RM, Geraci MW, Eghbali M, Stearman RS, Yang X. Integrative Multiomics to Dissect the Lung Transcriptional Landscape of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.12.523812. [PMID: 36712057 PMCID: PMC9882207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable and often fatal disease despite currently available therapies. Multiomics systems biology analysis can shed new light on PAH pathobiology and inform translational research efforts. Using RNA sequencing on the largest PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control), we aim to identify gene co-expression network modules associated with PAH and potential therapeutic targets. Co-expression network analysis was performed to identify modules of co-expressed genes which were then assessed for and prioritized by importance in PAH, regulatory role, and therapeutic potential via integration with clinicopathologic data, human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PAH, lung Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and pharmacotranscriptomic profiles. We identified a co-expression module of 266 genes, called the pink module, which may be a response to the underlying disease process to counteract disease progression in PAH. This module was associated not only with PAH severity such as increased PVR and intimal thickness, but also with compensated PAH such as lower number of hospitalizations, WHO functional class and NT-proBNP. GWAS integration demonstrated the pink module is enriched for PAH-associated genetic variation in multiple cohorts. Regulatory network analysis revealed that BMPR2 regulates the main target of FDA-approved riociguat, GUCY1A2, in the pink module. Analysis of pathway enrichment and pink hub genes (i.e. ANTXR1 and SFRP4) suggests the pink module inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell type deconvolution showed the pink module correlates with higher vascular cell fractions (i.e. myofibroblasts). A pharmacotranscriptomic screen discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) as potential therapeutic targets to mimic the pink module signature. Our multiomics integrative study uncovered a novel gene subnetwork associated with clinicopathologic severity, genetic risk, specific vascular cell types, and new therapeutic targets in PAH. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of the pink module and targeting USPs in PAH.
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15
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Ali MK, Tian X, Zhao L, Schimmel K, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Nicolls MR, Spiekerkoetter EF. PTPN1 Deficiency Modulates BMPR2 Signaling and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2023; 12:316. [PMID: 36672250 PMCID: PMC9857213 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression and signaling are impaired in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). How BMPR2 signaling is decreased in PAH is poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play important roles in vascular remodeling in PAH. To identify whether PTPs modify BMPR2 signaling, we used a siRNA-mediated high-throughput screening of 22,124 murine genes in mouse myoblastoma reporter cells using ID1 expression as readout for BMPR2 signaling. We further experimentally validated the top hit, PTPN1 (PTP1B), in healthy human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) either silenced by siRNA or exposed to hypoxia and confirmed its relevance to PAH by measuring PTPN1 levels in blood and PAECs collected from PAH patients. We identified PTPN1 as a novel regulator of BMPR2 signaling in PAECs, which is downregulated in the blood of PAH patients, and documented that downregulation of PTPN1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction in PAECs. These findings point to a potential involvement for PTPN1 in PAH and will aid in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda F. Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Aman J, Morrell NW, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Bogaard HJ. The SOX17 phenotype in pulmonary arterial hypertension: lessons for pathobiology and clinical management. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2201438. [PMID: 37651375 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01438-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Dept of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Dept of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Kariotis S, Jammeh E, Swietlik EM, Pickworth JA, Rhodes CJ, Otero P, Wharton J, Iremonger J, Dunning MJ, Pandya D, Mascarenhas TS, Errington N, Thompson AAR, Romanoski CE, Rischard F, Garcia JGN, Yuan JXJ, An THS, Desai AA, Coghlan G, Lordan J, Corris PA, Howard LS, Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Church C, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort S, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Lawrie A, Wang D. Author Correction: Biological heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identified through unsupervised transcriptomic profiling of whole blood. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7276. [PMID: 36433938 PMCID: PMC9700755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Kariotis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emmanuel Jammeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josephine A Pickworth
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Pablo Otero
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Iremonger
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark J Dunning
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Niamh Errington
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A A Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Franz Rischard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo institute for In Silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Insigneo institute for In Silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Dennis Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Essential metals in health and disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110173. [PMID: 36152810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In total, twenty elements appear to be essential for the correct functioning of the human body, half of which are metals and half are non-metals. Among those metals that are currently considered to be essential for normal biological functioning are four main group elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and six d-block transition metal elements, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Cells have developed various metallo-regulatory mechanisms for maintaining a necessary homeostasis of metal-ions for diverse cellular processes, most importantly in the central nervous system. Since redox active transition metals (for example Fe and Cu) may participate in electron transfer reactions, their homeostasis must be carefully controlled. The catalytic behaviour of redox metals which have escaped control, e.g. via the Fenton reaction, results in the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals, which may cause damage to DNA, proteins and membranes. Transition metals are integral parts of the active centers of numerous enzymes (e.g. Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Catalase) which catalyze chemical reactions at physiologically compatible rates. Either a deficiency, or an excess of essential metals may result in various disease states arising in an organism. Some typical ailments that are characterized by a disturbed homeostasis of redox active metals include neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disorders), mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. To comprehend more deeply the mechanisms by which essential metals, acting either alone or in combination, and/or through their interaction with non-essential metals (e.g. chromium) function in biological systems will require the application of a broader, more interdisciplinary approach than has mainly been used so far. It is clear that a stronger cooperation between bioinorganic chemists and biophysicists - who have already achieved great success in understanding the structure and role of metalloenzymes in living systems - with biologists, will access new avenues of research in the systems biology of metal ions. With this in mind, the present paper reviews selected chemical and biological aspects of metal ions and their possible interactions in living systems under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Makova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Selle J, Dinger K, Jentgen V, Zanetti D, Will J, Georgomanolis T, Vohlen C, Wilke R, Kojonazarov B, Klymenko O, Mohr J, V Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S, Rhodes CJ, Ulrich A, Hirani D, Nestler T, Odenthal M, Mahabir E, Nayakanti S, Dabral S, Wunderlich T, Priest J, Seeger W, Dötsch J, Pullamsetti SS, Alejandre Alcazar MA. Maternal and perinatal obesity induce bronchial obstruction and pulmonary hypertension via IL-6-FoxO1-axis in later life. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4352. [PMID: 35896539 PMCID: PMC9329333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pre-disposing condition for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic influences during development can determine chronic lung diseases (CLD). We demonstrate that maternal obesity causes early metabolic disorder in the offspring. Here, interleukin-6 induced bronchial and microvascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperproliferation and increased airway and pulmonary vascular resistance. The key anti-proliferative transcription factor FoxO1 was inactivated via nuclear exclusion. These findings were confirmed using primary SMC treated with interleukin-6 and pharmacological FoxO1 inhibition as well as genetic FoxO1 ablation and constitutive activation. In vivo, we reproduced the structural and functional alterations in offspring of obese dams via the SMC-specific ablation of FoxO1. The reconstitution of FoxO1 using IL-6-deficient mice and pharmacological treatment did not protect against metabolic disorder but prevented SMC hyperproliferation. In human observational studies, childhood obesity was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio Z-score (used as proxy for lung function) and asthma. We conclude that the interleukin-6-FoxO1 pathway in SMC is a molecular mechanism by which perinatal obesity programs the bronchial and vascular structure and function, thereby driving CLD development. Thus, FoxO1 reconstitution provides a potential therapeutic option for preventing this metabolic programming of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco Selle
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Dinger
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Jentgen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Will
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theodoros Georgomanolis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Wilke
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Oleksiy Klymenko
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Jasmine Mohr
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke V Koningsbruggen-Rietschel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Ulrich
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dharmesh Hirani
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Tim Nestler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sreenath Nayakanti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Swati Dabral
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wunderlich
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Priest
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Werner Seeger
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Jones RJ, De Bie EMDD, Groves E, Zalewska KI, Swietlik EM, Treacy CM, Martin JM, Polwarth G, Li W, Guo J, Baxendale HE, Coleman S, Savinykh N, Coghlan JG, Corris PA, Howard LS, Johnson MK, Church C, Kiely DG, Lawrie A, Lordan JL, Mackenzie Ross RV, Pepke Zaba J, Wilkins MR, Wort SJ, Fiorillo E, Orrù V, Cucca F, Rhodes CJ, Gräf S, Morrell NW, McKinney EF, Wallace C, Toshner M. Autoimmunity Is a Significant Feature of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:81-93. [PMID: 35316153 PMCID: PMC7613913 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1919oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Autoimmunity is believed to play a role in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). It is not clear whether this is causative or a bystander of disease and if it carries any prognostic or treatment significance. Objectives: To study autoimmunity in IPAH using a large cross-sectional cohort. Methods: Assessment of the circulating immune cell phenotype was undertaken using flow cytometry, and the profile of serum immunoglobulins was generated using a standardized multiplex array of 19 clinically validated autoantibodies in 473 cases and 946 control subjects. Additional glutathione S-transferase fusion array and ELISA data were used to identify a serum autoantibody to BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2). Clustering analyses and clinical correlations were used to determine associations between immunogenicity and clinical outcomes. Measurements and Main Results: Flow cytometric immune profiling demonstrates that IPAH is associated with an altered humoral immune response in addition to raised IgG3. Multiplexed autoantibodies were significantly raised in IPAH, and clustering demonstrated three distinct clusters: "high autoantibody," "low autoantibody," and a small "intermediate" cluster exhibiting high concentrations of ribonucleic protein complex. The high-autoantibody cluster had worse hemodynamics but improved survival. A small subset of patients demonstrated immunoglobulin reactivity to BMPR2. Conclusions: This study establishes aberrant immune regulation and presence of autoantibodies as key features in the profile of a significant proportion of patients with IPAH and is associated with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Savinykh
- Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - J. Gerry Coghlan
- Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin K. Johnson
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Church
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eoin F. McKinney
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Wallace
- Heart and Lung Research Institute
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Toshner
- Heart and Lung Research Institute
- Royal Papworth Hospital, and
| | - the UK National Cohort Study of Idiopathic and Heritable PAH Consortium
- Heart and Lung Research Institute
- Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge
- Royal Papworth Hospital, and
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Royal United Hospitals Bath National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; and
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Harbaum L, Rhodes CJ, Wharton J, Lawrie A, Karnes JH, Desai AA, Nichols WC, Humbert M, Montani D, Girerd B, Sitbon O, Boehm M, Novoyatleva T, Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Toshner M, Kiely DG, Howard LS, Swietlik EM, Gräf S, Pietzner M, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR. Mining the Plasma Proteome for Insights into the Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1449-1460. [PMID: 35394406 PMCID: PMC9875902 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2106oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries and arterioles. Underlying biological processes are likely reflected in a perturbation of circulating proteins. Objectives: To quantify and analyze the plasma proteome of patients with PAH using inherited genetic variation to inform on underlying molecular drivers. Methods: An aptamer-based assay was used to measure plasma proteins in 357 patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH, 103 healthy volunteers, and 23 relatives of patients with PAH. In discovery and replication subgroups, the plasma proteomes of PAH and healthy individuals were compared, and the relationship to transplantation-free survival in PAH was determined. To examine causal relationships to PAH, protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) that influenced protein levels in the patient population were used as instruments for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Measurements and Main Results: From 4,152 annotated plasma proteins, levels of 208 differed between patients with PAH and healthy subjects, and 49 predicted long-term survival. MR based on cis-pQTL located in proximity to the encoding gene for proteins that were prognostic and distinguished PAH from health estimated an adverse effect for higher levels of netrin-4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.08) and a protective effect for higher levels of thrombospondin-2 (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.94) on PAH. Both proteins tracked the development of PAH in previously healthy relatives and changes in thrombospondin-2 associated with pulmonary arterial pressure at disease onset. Conclusions: Integrated analysis of the plasma proteome and genome implicates two secreted matrix-binding proteins, netrin-4 and thrombospondin-2, in the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason H. Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mario Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S. Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; and
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Rhodes CJ, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Harbaum L, Girerd B, Coghlan JG, Lordan J, Church C, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort SJ, Kiely DG, Condliffe R, Lawrie A, Gräf S, Montani D, Boucly A, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Howard LS, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR. Using the Plasma Proteome for Risk Stratifying Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1102-1111. [PMID: 35081018 PMCID: PMC9851485 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202105-1118oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), a biomarker of cardiac origin, is used to risk stratify patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Its limitations include poor sensitivity to early vascular pathology. Other biomarkers of vascular or systemic origin may also be useful in the management of PAH. Objectives: Identify prognostic proteins in PAH that complement NT-proBNP and clinical risk scores. Methods: An aptamer-based assay (SomaScan version 4) targeting 4,152 proteins was used to measure plasma proteins in patients with idiopathic, heritable, or drug-induced PAH from the UK National Cohort of PAH (n = 357) and the French EFORT (Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Targets in PAH) study (n = 79). Prognostic proteins were identified in discovery-replication analyses of UK samples. Proteins independent of 6-minute-walk distance and NT-proBNP entered least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modeling, and the best combination in a single score was evaluated against clinical targets in EFORT. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-one proteins robustly informed prognosis independent of NT-proBNP and 6-minute-walk distance in the UK cohort. A weighted combination score of six proteins was validated at baseline (5-yr mortality; area under the curve [AUC], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.85) and follow-up in EFORT (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94; P = 9.96 × 10-6). The protein score risk stratified patients independent of established clinical targets and risk equations. The addition of the six-protein model score to NT-proBNP improved prediction of 5-year outcomes from AUC 0.762 (0.702-0.821) to 0.818 (0.767-0.869) by receiver operating characteristic analysis (P = 0.00426 for difference in AUC) in the UK replication and French samples combined. Conclusions: The plasma proteome informs prognosis beyond established factors in PAH and may provide a more sensitive measure of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - J Gerry Coghlan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Lordan
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Church
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; and
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; and
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,BioResource for Translational Research, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Athénaïs Boucly
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disease with multiple causes, corresponding to phenotypic heterogeneity and variable therapeutic responses. Advancing understanding of pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis is likely to hinge on integrated methods that leverage data from health records, imaging, novel molecular -omics profiling, and other modalities. In this review, we summarize key data sets generated thus far in the field and describe analytical methods that hold promise for deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underpin pulmonary vascular remodeling, including machine learning, network medicine, and functional genetics. We also detail how genetic and subphenotyping approaches enable earlier diagnosis, refined prognostication, and optimized treatment prediction. We propose strategies that identify functionally important molecular pathways, bolstered by findings across multi-omics platforms, which are well-positioned to individualize drug therapy selection and advance precision medicine in this highly morbid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R.)
| | - Andrew J Sweatt
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R.)
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.M.).,Division of Cardiology, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA (B.A.M.)
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25
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Darden CM, Vasu S, Mattke J, Liu Y, Rhodes CJ, Naziruddin B, Lawrence MC. Calcineurin/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT signaling maintains β-cell identity and function during metabolic and inflammatory stress. iScience 2022; 25:104125. [PMID: 35402865 PMCID: PMC8983383 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets respond to metabolic and inflammatory stress by producing hormones and other factors that induce adaptive cellular and systemic responses. Here we show that intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and ROS signals generated by high glucose and cytokine-induced ER stress activate calcineurin (CN)/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT to maintain β-cell identity and function. This was attributed in part by direct induction of the endocrine differentiation gene RFX6 and suppression of several β-cell “disallowed” genes, including MCT1. CN/NFATc2 targeted p300 and HDAC1 to RFX6 and MCT1 promoters to induce and suppress gene transcription, respectively. In contrast, prolonged exposure to stress, hyperstimulated [Ca2+]i, or perturbation of CN/NFATc2 resulted in downregulation of RFX6 and induction of MCT1. These findings reveal that CN/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT maintain β-cell function during acute stress, but β-cells dedifferentiate to a dysfunctional state upon loss or exhaustion of Ca2+/CN/NFATc2 signaling. They further demonstrate the utility of targeting CN/NFATc2 to restore β-cell function Acute metabolic and inflammatory stress activates Ca2+/CN/NFATc2 signaling in β-cells NFATc2 induces differentiation genes and suppresses disallowed genes in β-cells Chronic stress hyperstimulates [Ca2+]i and delinks NFAT transcriptional activity Loss or exhaustion of Ca2+/CN/NFATc2 signaling results in β-cell dedifferentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Darden
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Jordan Mattke
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Ltd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Corresponding author
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26
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Romanelli SM, Lewis KT, Nishii A, Rupp AC, Li Z, Mori H, Schill RL, Learman BS, Rhodes CJ, MacDougald OA. BAd-CRISPR: Inducible gene knockout in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101402. [PMID: 34774798 PMCID: PMC8661024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled inducible gene knockout in numerous tissues; however, its use has not been reported in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we developed the brown adipocyte CRISPR (BAd-CRISPR) methodology to rapidly interrogate the function of one or multiple genes. With BAd-CRISPR, an adeno-associated virus (AAV8) expressing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is administered directly to BAT of mice expressing Cas9 in brown adipocytes. We show that the local administration of AAV8-sgRNA to interscapular BAT of adult mice robustly transduced brown adipocytes and ablated expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, perilipin 1, or stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by >90%. Administration of multiple AAV8 sgRNAs led to simultaneous knockout of up to three genes. BAd-CRISPR induced frameshift mutations and suppressed target gene mRNA expression but did not lead to substantial accumulation of off-target mutations in BAT. We used BAd-CRISPR to create an inducible uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) knockout mouse to assess the effects of UCP1 loss on adaptive thermogenesis in adult mice. Inducible Ucp1 knockout did not alter core body temperature; however, BAd-CRISPR Ucp1 mice had elevated circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 and changes in BAT gene expression consistent with heat production through increased peroxisomal lipid oxidation. Other molecular adaptations predict additional cellular inefficiencies with an increase in both protein synthesis and turnover, and mitochondria with reduced reliance on mitochondrial-encoded gene expression and increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. These data suggest that BAd-CRISPR is an efficient tool to speed discoveries in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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27
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Boland BB, Laker RC, O'Brien S, Sitaula S, Sermadiras I, Nielsen JC, Barkholt P, Roostalu U, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Sejthen SR, Thorbek DD, Suckow A, Burmeister N, Oldham S, Will S, Howard VG, Gill BM, Newton P, Naylor J, Hornigold DC, Austin J, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Trevaskis JL, Grimsby JS, Rhodes CJ. Peptide-YY 3-36/glucagon-like peptide-1 combination treatment of obese diabetic mice improves insulin sensitivity associated with recovered pancreatic β-cell function and synergistic activation of discrete hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuitries. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101392. [PMID: 34781035 PMCID: PMC8717237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health concern and many novel approaches are being considered for its treatment and subsequent prevention of serious comorbidities. Co-administration of glucagon like peptide 1 (Fc-GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (Fc-PYY3-36) renders a synergistic decrease in energy intake in obese men. However, mechanistic details of the synergy between these peptide agonists and their effects on metabolic homeostasis remain relatively scarce. METHODS In this study, we utilized long-acting analogues of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 (via Fc-peptide conjugation) to better characterize the synergistic pharmacological benefits of their co-administration on body weight and glycaemic regulation in obese and diabetic mouse models. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were used to measure weight-independent effects of Fc-PYY3-36 + Fc-GLP-1 on insulin action. Fluorescent light sheet microscopy analysis of whole brain was performed to assess activation of brain regions. RESULTS Co-administration of long-acting Fc-IgG/peptide conjugates of Fc-GLP-1 and Fc-PYY3-36 (specific for PYY receptor-2 (Y2R)) resulted in profound weight loss, restored glucose homeostasis, and recovered endogenous β-cell function in two mouse models of obese T2D. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in C57BLKS/J db/db and diet-induced obese Y2R-deficient (Y2RKO) mice indicated Y2R is required for a weight-independent improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity and enhanced hepatic glycogenesis. Brain cFos staining demonstrated distinct temporal activation of regions of the hypothalamus and hindbrain following Fc-PYY3-36 + Fc-GLP-1R agonist administration. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a therapeutic approach for obesity/T2D that improved insulin sensitivity and restored endogenous β-cell function. These data also highlight the potential association between the gut-brain axis in control of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B Boland
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Gubra ApS, Horsholm, Denmark; PRECISIONscientia, Yardley, PA, USA
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siobhan O'Brien
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabelle Sermadiras
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Suckow
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; DTX Pharma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Burmeister
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Roche, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Will
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor G Howard
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benji M Gill
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Newton
- Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Antibody and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Hornigold
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jotham Austin
- University of Chicago Advanced Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James L Trevaskis
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Jomova K, Hudecova L, Lauro P, Simunková M, Barbierikova Z, Malcek M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. The effect of Luteolin on DNA damage mediated by a copper catalyzed Fenton reaction. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111635. [PMID: 34717250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin has been reviewed as a flavonoid possessing potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activities. Having multiple biological effects, luteolin may act as either an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant. In this work, the protective role of copper(II)-chelation by luteolin on DNA damage via the Cu-Fenton reaction was studied. EPR and UV-vis spectroscopic data demonstrated that the luteolin, lacking 3-OH group, chelates to Cu(II) via the 5-OH and 4-CO groups, respectively. EPR spin trapping experiments using DMPO spin trap confirmed that the coordination of luteolin to Cu(II) significantly suppressed formation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals (by 80%) in a Cu-Fenton system. Absorption titrations showed that the chelation of Cu(II) by luteolin slightly increased the mild intercalation strength of its interaction with DNA, as compared with free luteolin. Comparison with kaempferol and quercetin revealed, that the strength of the interaction between the free flavonoids/Cu-flavonoid complexes with DNA is only mildly affected by the presence/absence of 3-OH group. Due to the differences in the sensitivities of absorption titrations and viscometry, the latter confirmed weaker DNA intercalating efficiency of Cu-luteolin complex than does free luteolin. A dose dependent protective effect of luteolin against ROS-induced DNA damage was observed using gel electrophoresis. This effect was more pronounced compared to quercetin and kaempferol. In conclusion, the administration of luteolin to patients suffering from oxidative stress-related diseases with disturbed Cu-metabolism such as Alzheimer's diseases (antioxidant effect) and certain cancers (prooxidant effect) may have several health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbierikova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Malcek
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Sweatt AJ, Miyagawa K, Rhodes CJ, Taylor S, Del Rosario PA, Hsi A, Haddad F, Spiekerkoetter E, Bental-Roof M, Bland RD, Swietlik EM, Gräf S, Wilkins MR, Morrell NW, Nicolls MR, Rabinovitch M, Zamanian RT. Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Is Characterized by Increased Neutrophil Elastase and Relative Elafin Deficiency. Chest 2021; 160:1442-1458. [PMID: 34181952 PMCID: PMC8546243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence implicates neutrophil elastase (NE) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis, and the NE inhibitor elafin is under early therapeutic investigation. RESEARCH QUESTION Are circulating NE and elafin levels abnormal in PAH and are they associated with clinical severity? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In an observational Stanford University PAH cohort (n = 249), plasma NE and elafin levels were measured in comparison with those of healthy control participants (n = 106). NE and elafin measurements were then related to PAH clinical features and relevant ancillary biomarkers. Cox regression models were fitted with cubic spline functions to associate NE and elafin levels with survival. To validate prognostic relationships, we analyzed two United Kingdom cohorts (n = 75 and n = 357). Mixed-effects models evaluated NE and elafin changes during disease progression. Finally, we studied effects of NE-elafin balance on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) from patients with PAH. RESULTS Relative to control participants, patients with PAH were found to have increased NE levels (205.1 ng/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 123.6-387.3 ng/mL] vs 97.6 ng/mL [IQR, 74.4-126.6 ng/mL]; P < .0001) and decreased elafin levels (32.0 ng/mL [IQR, 15.3-59.1 ng/mL] vs 45.5 ng/mL [IQR, 28.1-92.8 ng/mL]; P < .0001) independent of PAH subtype, illness duration, and therapies. Higher NE levels were associated with worse symptom severity, shorter 6-min walk distance, higher N-terminal pro-type brain natriuretic peptide levels, greater right ventricular dysfunction, worse hemodynamics, increased circulating neutrophil levels, elevated cytokine levels, and lower blood BMPR2 expression. In Stanford patients, NE levels of > 168.5 ng/mL portended increased mortality risk after adjustment for known clinical predictors (hazard ratio [HR], 2.52; CI, 1.36-4.65, P = .003) or prognostic cytokines (HR, 2.63; CI, 1.42-4.87; P = .001), and the NE level added incremental value to established PAH risk scores. Similar prognostic thresholds were identified in validation cohorts. Longitudinal NE changes tracked with clinical trends and outcomes. PAH PAECs exhibited increased apoptosis and attenuated angiogenesis when exposed to NE at the level observed in patients' blood. Elafin rescued PAEC homeostasis, yet the required dose exceeded levels found in patients. INTERPRETATION Blood levels of NE are increased while elafin levels are deficient across PAH subtypes. Higher NE levels are associated with worse clinical disease severity and outcomes, and this target-specific biomarker could facilitate therapeutic development of elafin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sweatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Patricia A Del Rosario
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrew Hsi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michal Bental-Roof
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Richard D Bland
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; on behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Consortium (C. J. Rhodes, E. M. Swietlik, S. Gräf, M. R. Wilkins, and N. W. Morrell)
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Barnard P, Moomaw WR, Fioramonti L, Laurance WF, Mahmoud MI, O’Sullivan J, Rapley CG, Rees WE, Rhodes CJ, Ripple WJ, Semiletov IP, Talberth J, Tucker C, Wysham D, Ziervogel G. World scientists' warnings into action, local to global. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211056290. [PMID: 34763547 PMCID: PMC10450599 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211056290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
'We have kicked the can down the road once again - but we are running out of road.' - Rachel Kyte, Dean of Fletcher School at Tufts University.We, in our capacities as scientists, economists, governance and policy specialists, are shifting from warnings to guidance for action before there is no more 'road.' The science is clear and irrefutable; humanity is in advanced ecological overshoot. Our overexploitation of resources exceeds ecosystems' capacity to provide them or to absorb our waste. Society has failed to meet clearly stated goals of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Civilization faces an epochal crossroads, but with potentially much better, wiser outcomes if we act now.What are the concrete and transformative actions by which we can turn away from the abyss? In this paper we forcefully recommend priority actions and resource allocation to avert the worst of the climate and nature emergencies, two of the most pressing symptoms of overshoot, and lead society into a future of greater wellbeing and wisdom. Humanity has begun the social, economic, political and technological initiatives needed for this transformation. Now, massive upscaling and acceleration of these actions and collaborations are essential before irreversible tipping points are crossed in the coming decade. We still can overcome significant societal, political and economic barriers of our own making.Previously, we identified six core areas for urgent global action - energy, pollutants, nature, food systems, population stabilization and economic goals. Here we identify an indicative, systemic and time-limited framework for priority actions for policy, planning and management at multiple scales from household to global. We broadly follow the 'Reduce-Remove-Repair' approach to rapid action. To guide decision makers, planners, managers, and budgeters, we cite some of the many experiments, mechanisms and resources in order to facilitate rapid global adoption of effective solutions.Our biggest challenges are not technical, but social, economic, political and behavioral. To have hope of success, we must accelerate collaborative actions across scales, in different cultures and governance systems, while maintaining adequate social, economic and political stability. Effective and timely actions are still achievable on many, though not all fronts. Such change will mean the difference for billions of children and adults, hundreds of thousands of species, health of many ecosystems, and will determine our common future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Barnard
- Stable Planet Alliance, USA
- Center for Environmental Politics, University of Washington, USA
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Moomaw
- Fletcher School, Tufts University and Woodwell Climate Research Center, USA
| | - Lorenzo Fioramonti
- Center for the Study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Member of Parliament, Italy
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jane O’Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - William E Rees
- School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Igor P Semiletov
- Laboratory of Arctic Research, Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Ecology, Higher School of Economics, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Gina Ziervogel
- Department of Environmental and Geographic Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Cheng W, Ndoka E, Maung JN, Pan W, Rupp AC, Rhodes CJ, Olson DP, Myers MG. NTS Prlh overcomes orexigenic stimuli and ameliorates dietary and genetic forms of obesity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5175. [PMID: 34462445 PMCID: PMC8405610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin receptor (Calcr)-expressing neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS; CalcrNTS cells) contribute to the long-term control of food intake and body weight. Here, we show that Prlh-expressing NTS (PrlhNTS) neurons represent a subset of CalcrNTS cells and that Prlh expression in these cells restrains body weight gain in the face of high fat diet challenge in mice. To understand the relationship of PrlhNTS cells to hypothalamic feeding circuits, we determined the ability of PrlhNTS-mediated signals to overcome enforced activation of AgRP neurons. We found that PrlhNTS neuron activation and Prlh overexpression in PrlhNTS cells abrogates AgRP neuron-driven hyperphagia and ameliorates the obesity of mice deficient in melanocortin signaling or leptin. Thus, enhancing Prlh-mediated neurotransmission from the NTS dampens hypothalamically-driven hyperphagia and obesity, demonstrating that NTS-mediated signals can override the effects of orexigenic hypothalamic signals on long-term energy balance. Calcitonin receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius contribute to long-term control of food intake and body weight. The authors show that a subset of these cells expresses Prlh and that enhancing Prlh-mediated neurotransmission from the NTS dampens hypothalamically-driven hyperphagia and obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ermelinda Ndoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Le Lay JE, Du Q, Mehta MB, Bhagroo N, Hummer BT, Falloon J, Carlson G, Rosenbaum AI, Jin C, Kimko H, Tsai LF, Novick S, Cook B, Han D, Han CY, Vaisar T, Chait A, Karathanasis SK, Rhodes CJ, Hirshberg B, Damschroder MM, Hsia J, Grimsby JS. Blocking endothelial lipase with monoclonal antibody MEDI5884 durably increases high density lipoprotein in nonhuman primates and in a phase 1 trial. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/590/eabb0602. [PMID: 33883272 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death, and treatments that further reduce CV risk remain an unmet medical need. Epidemiological studies have consistently identified low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as an independent risk factor for CVD, making HDL elevation a potential clinical target for improved CVD resolution. Endothelial lipase (EL) is a circulating enzyme that regulates HDL turnover by hydrolyzing HDL phospholipids and driving HDL particle clearance. Using MEDI5884, a first-in-class, EL-neutralizing, monoclonal antibody, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of EL would increase HDL-C by enhancing HDL stability. In nonhuman primates, MEDI5884 treatment resulted in lasting, dose-dependent elevations in HDL-C and circulating phospholipids, confirming the mechanism of EL action. We then showed that a favorable lipoprotein profile of elevated HDL-C and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) could be achieved by combining MEDI5884 with a PCSK9 inhibitor. Last, when tested in healthy human volunteers, MEDI5884 not only raised HDL-C but also increased HDL particle numbers and average HDL size while enhancing HDL functionality, reinforcing EL neutralization as a viable clinical approach aimed at reducing CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Le Lay
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Qun Du
- Biologic Therapeutics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Minal B Mehta
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nicholas Bhagroo
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - B Timothy Hummer
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Judith Falloon
- Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Glenn Carlson
- Clinical CV, Late Stage Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - ChaoYu Jin
- Clinical Immunology and Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Lan-Feng Tsai
- CVRM Biometrics, Data Sciences and AI, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Steven Novick
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bill Cook
- Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - David Han
- Parexel International, Glendale, CA 91206, USA
| | - Chang Yeop Han
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Boaz Hirshberg
- Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Melissa M Damschroder
- Biologic Therapeutics, Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Judith Hsia
- Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Errington N, Iremonger J, Pickworth JA, Kariotis S, Rhodes CJ, Rothman AM, Condliffe R, Elliot CA, Kiely DG, Howard LS, Wharton J, Thompson AAR, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Wang D, Lawrie A. A diagnostic miRNA signature for pulmonary arterial hypertension using a consensus machine learning approach. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103444. [PMID: 34186489 PMCID: PMC8243351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but life shortening disease, the diagnosis of which is often delayed, and requires an invasive right heart catheterisation. Identifying diagnostic biomarkers may improve screening to identify patients at risk of PAH earlier and provide new insights into disease pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding molecules of RNA, previously shown to be dysregulated in PAH, and contribute to the disease process in animal models. METHODS Plasma from 64 treatment naïve patients with PAH and 43 disease and healthy controls were profiled for microRNA expression by Agilent Microarray. Following quality control and normalisation, the cohort was split into training and validation sets. Four separate machine learning feature selection methods were applied to the training set, along with a univariate analysis. FINDINGS 20 microRNAs were identified as putative biomarkers by consensus feature selection from all four methods. Two microRNAs (miR-636 and miR-187-5p) were selected by all methods and used to predict PAH diagnosis with high accuracy. Integrating microRNA expression profiles with their associated target mRNA revealed 61 differentially expressed genes verified in two independent, publicly available PAH lung tissue data sets. Two of seven potentially novel gene targets were validated as differentially expressed in vitro in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. INTERPRETATION This consensus of multiple machine learning approaches identified two miRNAs that were able to distinguish PAH from both disease and healthy controls. These circulating miRNA, and their target genes may provide insight into PAH pathogenesis and reveal novel regulators of disease and putative drug targets. FUNDING This work was supported by a National Institute for Health Research Rare Disease Translational Research Collaboration (R29065/CN500) and British Heart Foundation Project Grant (PG/11/116/29288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Errington
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - James Iremonger
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Josephine A Pickworth
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sokratis Kariotis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Alexander Mk Rothman
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Charles A Elliot
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare Trust NHS, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - A A Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Dennis Wang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK.
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Oldham WM, Hemnes AR, Aldred MA, Barnard J, Brittain EL, Chan SY, Cheng F, Cho MH, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Geraci MW, Ghiassian SD, Hall KT, Horn EM, Jain M, Kelly RS, Leopold JA, Lindstrom S, Modena BD, Nichols WC, Rhodes CJ, Sun W, Sweatt AJ, Vanderpool RR, Wilkins MR, Wilmot B, Zamanian RT, Fessel JP, Aggarwal NR, Loscalzo J, Xiao L. NHLBI-CMREF Workshop Report on Pulmonary Vascular Disease Classification: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2040-2052. [PMID: 33888254 PMCID: PMC8065203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund held a workshop on the application of pulmonary vascular disease omics data to the understanding, prevention, and treatment of pulmonary vascular disease. Experts in pulmonary vascular disease, omics, and data analytics met to identify knowledge gaps and formulate ideas for future research priorities in pulmonary vascular disease in line with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Strategic Vision goals. The group identified opportunities to develop analytic approaches to multiomic datasets, to identify molecular pathways in pulmonary vascular disease pathobiology, and to link novel phenotypes to meaningful clinical outcomes. The committee suggested support for interdisciplinary research teams to develop and validate analytic methods, a national effort to coordinate biosamples and data, a consortium of preclinical investigators to expedite target evaluation and drug development, longitudinal assessment of molecular biomarkers in clinical trials, and a task force to develop a master clinical trials protocol for pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Oldham
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - John Barnard
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Mark W Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kathryn T Hall
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evelyn M Horn
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane A Leopold
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - William C Nichols
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Wei Sun
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Sweatt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rebecca R Vanderpool
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Beth Wilmot
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging and the School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil R Aggarwal
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Xiao
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Ludwig MQ, Cheng W, Gordian D, Lee J, Paulsen SJ, Hansen SN, Egerod KL, Barkholt P, Rhodes CJ, Secher A, Knudsen LB, Pyke C, Myers MG, Pers TH. A genetic map of the mouse dorsal vagal complex and its role in obesity. Nat Metab 2021; 3:530-545. [PMID: 33767443 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is known to regulate energy balance and is the target of appetite-suppressing hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Here we provide a comprehensive genetic map of the DVC and identify neuronal populations that control feeding. Combining bulk and single-nucleus gene expression and chromatin profiling of DVC cells, we reveal 25 neuronal populations with unique transcriptional and chromatin accessibility landscapes and peptide receptor expression profiles. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist administration induces gene expression alterations specific to two distinct sets of Glp1r neurons-one population in the area postrema and one in the nucleus of the solitary tract that also expresses calcitonin receptor (Calcr). Transcripts and regions of accessible chromatin near obesity-associated genetic variants are enriched in the area postrema and the nucleus of the solitary tract neurons that express Glp1r and/or Calcr, and activating several of these neuronal populations decreases feeding in rodents. Thus, DVC neuronal populations associated with obesity predisposition suppress feeding and may represent therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Q Ludwig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Desiree Gordian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Lee
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Charles Pyke
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wu Y, Wharton J, Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Zhao L, Wilkins MR, Rhodes CJ. The pathophysiological role of novel pulmonary arterial hypertension gene SOX17. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.04172-2020. [PMID: 33632800 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04172-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease predominantly targeting pre-capillary blood vessels. Adverse structural remodelling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance result in cardiac hypertrophy and ultimately failure of the right ventricle. Recent whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing studies have identified SOX17 as a novel risk gene in PAH, with a dominant mode of inheritance and incomplete penetrance. Rare deleterious variants in the gene and more common variants in upstream enhancer sites have both been associated with the disease, and a deficiency of SOX17 expression may predispose to PAH. This review aims to consolidate the evidence linking genetic variants in SOX17 to PAH, and explores the numerous targets and effects of the transcription factor, focusing on the pulmonary vasculature and the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,VUmc, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Swietlik EM, Greene D, Zhu N, Megy K, Cogliano M, Rajaram S, Pandya D, Tilly T, Lutz KA, Welch CC, Pauciulo MW, Southgate L, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Penkett CJ, Stephens JC, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Coleman AW, Condliffe R, Eichstaedt CA, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Girerd B, Grünig E, Holden S, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, Lordan J, Machado RD, MacKenzie Ross RV, McCabe C, Moledina S, Montani D, Olschewski H, Pepke-Zaba J, Price L, Rhodes CJ, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner MR, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Wharton J, Wild JM, Wort SJ, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR, Trembath RC, Shen Y, Chung WK, Swift AJ, Nichols WC, Morrell NW, Gräf S. Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants with Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 14. [PMID: 33320693 PMCID: PMC7892262 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background - Approximately 25% of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been found to harbor rare mutations in disease-causing genes. To identify missing heritability in PAH we integrated deep phenotyping with whole-genome sequencing data using Bayesian statistics. Methods - We analyzed 13,037 participants enrolled in the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases (NBR) study, of which 1,148 were recruited to the PAH domain. To test for genetic associations between genes and selected phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension (PH), we used the Bayesian rare-variant association method BeviMed. Results - Heterozygous, high impact, likely loss-of-function variants in the Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene were strongly associated with significantly reduced transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (KCO, posterior probability (PP)=0.989) and older age at diagnosis (PP=0.912). We also provide evidence for familial segregation of a rare nonsense KDR variant with these phenotypes. On computed tomographic imaging of the lungs, a range of parenchymal abnormalities were observed in the five patients harboring these predicted deleterious variants in KDR. Four additional PAH cases with rare likely loss-of-function variants in KDR were independently identified in the US PAH Biobank cohort with similar phenotypic characteristics. Conclusions - The Bayesian inference approach allowed us to independently validate KDR, which encodes for the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as a novel PAH candidate gene. Furthermore, this approach specifically associated high impact likely loss-of-function variants in the genetically constrained gene with distinct phenotypes. These findings provide evidence for KDR being a clinically actionable PAH gene and further support the central role of the vascular endothelium in the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics (N.Z., C.C.L.W.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Marcella Cogliano
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Smitha Rajaram
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (S.R.)
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Tobias Tilly
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Katie A. Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | | | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Carmen M. Treacy
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Christopher J. Penkett
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Jonathan C. Stephens
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow (C.C.)
| | | | - Anna W. Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Christina A. Eichstaedt
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University (C.A.E.)
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S. Ghio)
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
| | - Luke Howard
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Jim Lordan
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.L.)
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | | | - Colm McCabe
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Laura Price
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | | | - Mark R. Toshner
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - James M. Wild
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Stephen John Wort
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | | | | | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, United Kingdom (R.C.T.)
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | | | - Andrew J. Swift
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
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Rhodes CJ. The cancer hypothesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: are polyamines the new Warburg? Eur Respir J 2020; 56:56/5/2002350. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02350-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yeritsyan HN, Sahakyan AA, Grigoryan NE, Harutyunyan VV, Arzumanyan VV, Tsakanov VM, Grigoryan BA, Amatuni GA, Rhodes CJ. Introduction rates of radiation defects in electron irradiated semiconductor crystals of n-Si and n-GaP. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Ulrich A, Otero-Núñez P, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wang D, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1247. [PMID: 33105808 PMCID: PMC7690609 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) can provide a link between disease susceptibility variants discovered by genetic association studies and biology. To date, eQTL mapping studies have been primarily conducted in healthy individuals from population-based cohorts. Genetic effects have been known to be context-specific and vary with changing environmental stimuli. We conducted a transcriptome- and genome-wide eQTL mapping study in a cohort of patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from whole blood. We sought confirmation from three published population-based eQTL studies, including the GTEx Project, and followed up potentially novel eQTL not observed in the general population. In total, we identified 2314 eQTL of which 90% were cis-acting and 75% were confirmed by at least one of the published studies. While we observed a higher GWAS trait colocalization rate among confirmed eQTL, colocalisation rate of novel eQTL reported for lung-related phenotypes was twice as high as that of confirmed eQTL. Functional enrichment analysis of genes with novel eQTL in PAH highlighted immune-related processes, a suspected contributor to PAH. These potentially novel eQTL specific to or active in PAH could be useful in understanding genetic risk factors for other diseases that share common mechanisms with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulrich
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK; (A.U.); (P.O.-N.); (J.W.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Pablo Otero-Núñez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK; (A.U.); (P.O.-N.); (J.W.); (M.R.W.)
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK; (A.U.); (P.O.-N.); (J.W.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3AX, UK; (E.M.S.); (S.G.); (N.W.M.)
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3AX, UK; (E.M.S.); (S.G.); (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3AX, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3AX, UK; (E.M.S.); (S.G.); (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dennis Wang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK; (A.U.); (P.O.-N.); (J.W.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, UK; (A.U.); (P.O.-N.); (J.W.); (M.R.W.)
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Swietlik EM, Ghataorhe P, Zalewska KI, Wharton J, Howard LS, Taboada D, Cannon JE, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Toshner M, Pepke-Zaba J, Rhodes CJ. Plasma metabolomics exhibit response to therapy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.03201-2020. [PMID: 33060150 PMCID: PMC8012591 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03201-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition with limited effective treatment options. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a notable exception, with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) often proving curative. This study investigated the plasma metabolome of CTEPH patients, estimated reversibility to an effective treatment and explored the source of metabolic perturbations.We performed untargeted analysis of plasma metabolites in CTEPH patients compared to healthy controls and disease comparators. Changes in metabolic profile were evaluated in response to PEA. A subset of patients were sampled at three anatomical locations and plasma metabolite gradients calculated.We defined and validated altered plasma metabolite profiles in patients with CTEPH. 12 metabolites were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis to distinguish CTEPH and both healthy (area under the curve (AUC) 0.64-0.94, all p<2×10-5) and disease controls (AUC 0.58-0.77, all p<0.05). Many of the metabolic changes were notably similar to those observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Only five metabolites (5-methylthioadenosine, N1-methyladenosine, N1-methylinosine, 7-methylguanine, N-formylmethionine) distinguished CTEPH from chronic thromboembolic disease or IPAH. Significant corrections (15-100% of perturbation) in response to PEA were observed in some, but not all metabolites. Anatomical sampling identified 188 plasma metabolites, with significant gradients in tryptophan, sphingomyelin, methionine and Krebs cycle metabolites. In addition, metabolites associated with CTEPH and gradients showed significant associations with clinical measures of disease severity.We identified a specific metabolic profile that distinguishes CTEPH from controls and disease comparators, despite the observation that most metabolic changes were common to both CTEPH and IPAH patients. Plasma metabolite gradients implicate cardiopulmonary tissue metabolism of metabolites associated with pulmonary hypertension and metabolites that respond to PEA surgery could be a suitable noninvasive marker for evaluating future targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Swietlik
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavandeep Ghataorhe
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia I Zalewska
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Respiratory Unit, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and NHLI, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dolores Taboada
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E Cannon
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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42
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Attard MI, Dawes TJW, de Marvao A, Biffi C, Shi W, Wharton J, Rhodes CJ, Ghataorhe P, Gibbs JSR, Howard LSGE, Rueckert D, Wilkins MR, O'Regan DP. Metabolic pathways associated with right ventricular adaptation to pulmonary hypertension: 3D analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 20:668-676. [PMID: 30535300 PMCID: PMC6529902 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We sought to identify metabolic pathways associated with right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pulmonary hypertension (PH). We evaluated candidate metabolites, previously associated with survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension, and used automated image segmentation and parametric mapping to model their relationship to adverse patterns of remodelling and wall stress. Methods and results In 312 PH subjects (47.1% female, mean age 60.8 ± 15.9 years), of which 182 (50.5% female, mean age 58.6 ± 16.8 years) had metabolomics, we modelled the relationship between the RV phenotype, haemodynamic state, and metabolite levels. Atlas-based segmentation and co-registration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to create a quantitative 3D model of RV geometry and function—including maps of regional wall stress. Increasing mean pulmonary artery pressure was associated with hypertrophy of the basal free wall (β = 0.29) and reduced relative wall thickness (β = −0.38), indicative of eccentric remodelling. Wall stress was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.27, P = 0.04). Six metabolites were significantly associated with elevated wall stress (β = 0.28–0.34) including increased levels of tRNA-specific modified nucleosides and fatty acid acylcarnitines, and decreased levels (β = −0.40) of sulfated androgen. Conclusion Using computational image phenotyping, we identify metabolic profiles, reporting on energy metabolism and cellular stress-response, which are associated with adaptive RV mechanisms to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Attard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Timothy J W Dawes
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| | | | - Carlo Biffi
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Department of Computing, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Queen's Gate, London, UK
| | - Wenzhe Shi
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Department of Computing, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Queen's Gate, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Pavandeep Ghataorhe
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - J Simon R Gibbs
- Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Queen's Gate, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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Rhodes CJ, Otero-Núñez P, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Kariotis S, Harbaum L, Dunning MJ, Elinoff JM, Errington N, Thompson AAR, Iremonger J, Coghlan JG, Corris PA, Howard LS, Kiely DG, Church C, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort SJ, Desai AA, Humbert M, Nichols WC, Southgate L, Trégouët DA, Trembath RC, Prokopenko I, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wang D, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR. Whole-Blood RNA Profiles Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Clinical Outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:586-594. [PMID: 32352834 PMCID: PMC7427383 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0510oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are rare but comprise a genetically heterogeneous patient group. RNA sequencing linked to the underlying genetic architecture can be used to better understand the underlying pathology by identifying key signaling pathways and stratify patients more robustly according to clinical risk.Objectives: To use a three-stage design of RNA discovery, RNA validation and model construction, and model validation to define a set of PAH-associated RNAs and a single summarizing RNA model score. To define genes most likely to be involved in disease development, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on whole-blood samples from 359 patients with idiopathic, heritable, and drug-induced PAH and 72 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The score was evaluated against disease severity markers including survival analysis using all-cause mortality from diagnosis. MR used known expression quantitative trait loci and summary statistics from a PAH genome-wide association study.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 507 genes with differential RNA expression in patients with PAH compared with control subjects. A model of 25 RNAs distinguished PAH with 87% accuracy (area under the curve 95% confidence interval: 0.791-0.945) in model validation. The RNA model score was associated with disease severity and long-term survival (P = 4.66 × 10-6) in PAH. MR detected an association between SMAD5 levels and PAH disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 0.317; 95% confidence interval, 0.129-0.776; P = 0.012).Conclusions: A whole-blood RNA signature of PAH, which includes RNAs relevant to disease pathogenesis, associates with disease severity and identifies patients with poor clinical outcomes. Genetic variants associated with lower SMAD5 expression may increase susceptibility to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Otero-Núñez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sokratis Kariotis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Dunning
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M Elinoff
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Niamh Errington
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | - James Iremonger
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | - Paul A Corris
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | | | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Wang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yau B, Hays L, Liang C, Laybutt DR, Thomas HE, Gunton JE, Williams L, Hawthorne WJ, Thorn P, Rhodes CJ, Kebede MA. A fluorescent timer reporter enables sorting of insulin secretory granules by age. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8901-8911. [PMID: 32341128 PMCID: PMC7335792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the pancreatic β-cells, insulin secretory granules (SGs) exist in functionally distinct pools, displaying variations in motility as well as docking and fusion capability. Current therapies that increase insulin secretion do not consider the existence of these distinct SG pools. Accordingly, these approaches are effective only for a short period, with a worsening of glycemia associated with continued decline in β-cell function. Insulin granule age is underappreciated as a determinant for why an insulin granule is selected for secretion and may explain why newly synthesized insulin is preferentially secreted from β-cells. Here, using a novel fluorescent timer protein, we aimed to investigate the preferential secretion model of insulin secretion and identify how granule aging is affected by variation in the β-cell environment, such as hyperglycemia. We demonstrate the use of a fluorescent timer construct, syncollin-dsRedE5TIMER, which changes its fluorescence from green to red over 18 h, in both microscopy and fluorescence-assisted organelle-sorting techniques. We confirm that the SG-targeting construct localizes to insulin granules in β-cells and does not interfere with normal insulin SG behavior. We visualize insulin SG aging behavior in MIN6 and INS1 β-cell lines and in primary C57BL/6J mouse and nondiabetic human islet cells. Finally, we separated young and old insulin SGs, revealing that preferential secretion of younger granules occurs in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We also show that SG population age is modulated by the β-cell environment in vivo in the db/db mouse islets and ex vivo in C57BL/6J islets exposed to different glucose environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Yau
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lori Hays
- STEM-Department of Biology, Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, Washington, USA
| | - Cassandra Liang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindy Williams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Unit (NPITU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Unit (NPITU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Thorn
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Ltd, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA; Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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45
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Kang T, Boland BB, Jensen P, Alarcon C, Nawrocki A, Grimsby JS, Rhodes CJ, Larsen MR. Characterization of Signaling Pathways Associated with Pancreatic β-cell Adaptive Flexibility in Compensation of Obesity-linked Diabetes in db/db Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:971-993. [PMID: 32265294 PMCID: PMC7261816 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by an eventual failure in pancreatic β-cell function and mass that is no longer able to compensate for the inherent insulin resistance and increased metabolic load intrinsic to obesity. However, in a commonly used model of T2D, the db/db mouse, β-cells have an inbuilt adaptive flexibility enabling them to effectively adjust insulin production rates relative to the metabolic demand. Pancreatic β-cells from these animals have markedly reduced intracellular insulin stores, yet high rates of (pro)insulin secretion, together with a substantial increase in proinsulin biosynthesis highlighted by expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when the metabolic overload and/or hyperglycemia is normalized, β-cells from db/db mice quickly restore their insulin stores and normalize secretory function. This demonstrates the β-cell's adaptive flexibility and indicates that therapeutic approaches applied to encourage β-cell rest are capable of restoring endogenous β-cell function. However, mechanisms that regulate β-cell adaptive flexibility are essentially unknown. To gain deeper mechanistic insight into the molecular events underlying β-cell adaptive flexibility in db/db β-cells, we conducted a combined proteomic and post-translational modification specific proteomic (PTMomics) approach on islets from db/db mice and wild-type controls (WT) with or without prior exposure to normal glucose levels. We identified differential modifications of proteins involved in redox homeostasis, protein refolding, K48-linked deubiquitination, mRNA/protein export, focal adhesion, ERK1/2 signaling, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling, as well as sialyltransferase activity, associated with β-cell adaptive flexibility. These proteins are all related to proinsulin biosynthesis and processing, maturation of insulin secretory granules, and vesicular trafficking-core pathways involved in the adaptation of insulin production to meet metabolic demand. Collectively, this study outlines a novel and comprehensive global PTMome signaling map that highlights important molecular mechanisms related to the adaptive flexibility of β-cell function, providing improved insight into disease pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brandon B Boland
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Pia Jensen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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46
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Boland ML, Laker RC, Mather K, Nawrocki A, Oldham S, Boland BB, Lewis H, Conway J, Naylor J, Guionaud S, Feigh M, Veidal SS, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Grimsby J, Rondinone CM, Jermutus L, Larsen MR, Trevaskis JL, Rhodes CJ. Resolution of NASH and hepatic fibrosis by the GLP-1R/GcgR dual-agonist Cotadutide via modulating mitochondrial function and lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2020; 2:413-431. [PMID: 32478287 PMCID: PMC7258337 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis are highly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cotadutide, a GLP-1R/GcgR agonist, was shown to reduce blood glycemia, body weight and hepatic steatosis in patients with T2DM. Here, we demonstrate that the effects of Cotadutide to reduce body weight, food intake and improve glucose control are predominantly mediated through the GLP-1 signaling, while, its action on the liver to reduce lipid content, drive glycogen flux and improve mitochondrial turnover and function are directly mediated through Gcg signaling. This was confirmed by the identification of phosphorylation sites on key lipogenic and glucose metabolism enzymes in liver of mice treated with Cotadutide. Complementary metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses implicated lipogenic, fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, which are consistent with a unique therapeutic contribution of GcgR agonism by Cotadutide in vivo. Significantly, Cotadutide also alleviated fibrosis to a greater extent than Liraglutide or Obeticholic acid (OCA), despite adjusting dose to achieve similar weight loss in 2 preclinical mouse models of NASH. Thus Cotadutide, via direct hepatic (GcgR) and extra-hepatic (GLP-1R) effects, exerts multi-factorial improvement in liver function and is a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Boland
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Karly Mather
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Brandon B Boland
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hilary Lewis
- Research and Early Development, Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Conway
- Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Vanderbilt University Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Cristina M Rondinone
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lutz Jermutus
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - James L Trevaskis
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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47
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Harbaum L, Rhodes CJ, Otero-Núñez P, Wharton J, Wilkins MR. The application of 'omics' to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:108-120. [PMID: 32201940 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide analyses of rare and common sequence variations have brought greater clarity to the genetic architecture of pulmonary arterial hypertension and implicated novel genes in disease development. Transcriptional signatures have been reported in whole lung tissue, pulmonary vascular cells and peripheral circulating cells. High-throughput platforms for plasma proteomics and metabolomics have identified novel biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes and provided molecular instruments for risk assessment. There are methodological challenges to integrating these datasets, coupled to statistical power limitations inherent to the study of a rare disease, but the expectation is that this approach will reveal novel druggable targets and biomarkers that will open the way to personalized medicine. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art and future promise of 'omics' in the field of translational medicine in pulmonary arterial hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pablo Otero-Núñez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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48
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Cheng W, Ndoka E, Hutch C, Roelofs K, MacKinnon A, Khoury B, Magrisso J, Kim KS, Rhodes CJ, Olson DP, Seeley RJ, Sandoval D, Myers MG. Leptin receptor-expressing nucleus tractus solitarius neurons suppress food intake independently of GLP1 in mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134359. [PMID: 32182221 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin receptor-expressing (LepRb-expressing) neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS; LepRbNTS neurons) receive gut signals that synergize with leptin action to suppress food intake. NTS neurons that express preproglucagon (Ppg) (and that produce the food intake-suppressing PPG cleavage product glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP1]) represent a subpopulation of mouse LepRbNTS cells. Using Leprcre, Ppgcre, and Ppgfl mouse lines, along with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), we examined roles for Ppg in GLP1NTS and LepRbNTS cells for the control of food intake and energy balance. We found that the cre-dependent ablation of NTS Ppgfl early in development or in adult mice failed to alter energy balance, suggesting the importance of pathways independent of NTS GLP1 for the long-term control of food intake. Consistently, while activating GLP1NTS cells decreased food intake, LepRbNTS cells elicited larger and more durable effects. Furthermore, while the ablation of NTS Ppgfl blunted the ability of GLP1NTS neurons to suppress food intake during activation, it did not impact the suppression of food intake by LepRbNTS cells. While Ppg/GLP1-mediated neurotransmission plays a central role in the modest appetite-suppressing effects of GLP1NTS cells, additional pathways engaged by LepRbNTS cells dominate for the suppression of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chelsea Hutch
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen Roelofs
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Basma Khoury
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack Magrisso
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ki Suk Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Darleen Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine and.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sindi HA, Russomanno G, Satta S, Abdul-Salam VB, Jo KB, Qazi-Chaudhry B, Ainscough AJ, Szulcek R, Jan Bogaard H, Morgan CC, Pullamsetti SS, Alzaydi MM, Rhodes CJ, Piva R, Eichstaedt CA, Grünig E, Wilkins MR, Wojciak-Stothard B. Therapeutic potential of KLF2-induced exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary hypertension. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1185. [PMID: 32132543 PMCID: PMC7055281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of lung vasculature that causes right heart failure. Homoeostatic effects of flow-activated transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) are compromised in PAH. Here, we show that KLF2-induced exosomal microRNAs, miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p act together to attenuate pulmonary vascular remodelling and that their actions are mediated by Notch4 and ETS1 and other key regulators of vascular homoeostasis. Expressions of KLF2, miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p are reduced, while levels of their target genes are elevated in pre-clinical PAH, idiopathic PAH and heritable PAH with missense p.H288Y KLF2 mutation. Therapeutic supplementation of miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p reduces proliferative and angiogenic responses in patient-derived cells and attenuates disease progression in PAH mice. This study shows that reduced KLF2 signalling is a common feature of human PAH and highlights the potential therapeutic role of KLF2-regulated exosomal miRNAs in PAH and other diseases associated with vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebah A. Sindi
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sandro Satta
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vahitha B. Abdul-Salam
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kyeong Beom Jo
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Basma Qazi-Chaudhry
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Physics, King’s College London UK, London, UK
| | - Alexander J. Ainscough
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire C. Morgan
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- grid.452624.3Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany ,0000 0001 2165 8627grid.8664.cDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mai M. Alzaydi
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,0000 0000 8808 6435grid.452562.2National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Piva
- 0000 0001 2336 6580grid.7605.4Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Christina A. Eichstaedt
- grid.452624.3Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany ,0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- grid.452624.3Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beata Wojciak-Stothard
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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50
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Hodgson J, Swietlik EM, Salmon RM, Hadinnapola C, Nikolic I, Wharton J, Guo J, Liley J, Haimel M, Bleda M, Southgate L, Machado RD, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Yates K, Daugherty LC, Shamardina O, Whitehorn D, Holden S, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Condliffe R, Corris PA, Danesino C, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Ghofrani HA, Gibbs JSR, Girerd B, Houweling AC, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, Lawrie A, MacKenzie Ross RV, Moledina S, Montani D, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Ouwehand WH, Peacock AJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ, Scelsi L, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner MR, Trembath RC, Noordegraaf AV, Wort SJ, Wilkins MR, Yu PB, Li W, Gräf S, Upton PD, Morrell NW. Characterization of GDF2 Mutations and Levels of BMP9 and BMP10 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:575-585. [PMID: 31661308 PMCID: PMC7047445 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1141oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recently, rare heterozygous mutations in GDF2 were identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). GDF2 encodes the circulating BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) type 9, which is a ligand for the BMP2 receptor.Objectives: Here we determined the functional impact of GDF2 mutations and characterized plasma BMP9 and BMP10 levels in patients with idiopathic PAH.Methods: Missense BMP9 mutant proteins were expressed in vitro and the impact on BMP9 protein processing and secretion, endothelial signaling, and functional activity was assessed. Plasma BMP9 and BMP10 levels and activity were assayed in patients with PAH with GDF2 variants and in control subjects. Levels were also measured in a larger cohort of control subjects (n = 120) and patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 260).Measurements and Main Results: We identified a novel rare variation at the GDF2 and BMP10 loci, including copy number variation. In vitro, BMP9 missense proteins demonstrated impaired cellular processing and secretion. Patients with PAH who carried these mutations exhibited reduced plasma levels of BMP9 and reduced BMP activity. Unexpectedly, plasma BMP10 levels were also markedly reduced in these individuals. Although overall BMP9 and BMP10 levels did not differ between patients with PAH and control subjects, BMP10 levels were lower in PAH females. A subset of patients with PAH had markedly reduced plasma levels of BMP9 and BMP10 in the absence of GDF2 mutations.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GDF2 mutations result in BMP9 loss of function and are likely causal. These mutations lead to reduced circulating levels of both BMP9 and BMP10. These findings support therapeutic strategies to enhance BMP9 or BMP10 signaling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Haimel
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura Southgate
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M. Treacy
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Daugherty
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shamardina
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Medicine and,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - J. Simon R. Gibbs
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - Arjan C. Houweling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria,Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria,Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Scelsi
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Mark R. Toshner
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J. Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul B. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine and,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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