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Pillar A, Ali MK. IL-22 Binding Protein/IL-22 Axis in Regulating Acute Lung Injury. Am J Pathol 2024; 194:335-337. [PMID: 38199431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Pillar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and The Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Pre-Professional Health Academic Program, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California.
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Zhao L, Cunningham CM, Andruska AM, Schimmel K, Ali MK, Kim D, Gu S, Chang JL, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. Rat microbial biogeography and age-dependent lactic acid bacteria in healthy lungs. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:43-55. [PMID: 38297075 PMCID: PMC10834367 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The laboratory rat emerges as a useful tool for studying the interaction between the host and its microbiome. To advance principles relevant to the human microbiome, we systematically investigated and defined the multitissue microbial biogeography of healthy Fischer 344 rats across their lifespan. Microbial community profiling data were extracted and integrated with host transcriptomic data from the Sequencing Quality Control consortium. Unsupervised machine learning, correlation, taxonomic diversity and abundance analyses were performed to determine and characterize the rat microbial biogeography and identify four intertissue microbial heterogeneity patterns (P1-P4). We found that the 11 body habitats harbored a greater diversity of microbes than previously suspected. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundance progressively declined in lungs from breastfed newborn to adolescence/adult, and was below detectable levels in elderly rats. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that the abundance of LAB may be modulated by the lung-immune axis. The presence and levels of LAB in lungs were further evaluated by PCR in two validation datasets. The lung, testes, thymus, kidney, adrenal and muscle niches were found to have age-dependent alterations in microbial abundance. The 357 microbial signatures were positively correlated with host genes in cell proliferation (P1), DNA damage repair (P2) and DNA transcription (P3). Our study established a link between the metabolic properties of LAB with lung microbiota maturation and development. Breastfeeding and environmental exposure influence microbiome composition and host health and longevity. The inferred rat microbial biogeography and pattern-specific microbial signatures could be useful for microbiome therapeutic approaches to human health and life quality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christine M Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Andruska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shenbiao Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason L Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Zhao L, Cunningham CM, Andruska AM, Schimmel K, Ali MK, Kim D, Gu S, Chang JL, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. Rat microbial biogeography and age-dependent lactic acid bacteria in healthy lungs. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.19.541527. [PMID: 37293045 PMCID: PMC10245737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory rat emerges as a useful tool for studying the interaction between the host and its microbiome. To advance principles relevant to the human microbiome, we systematically investigated and defined a multi-tissue full lifespan microbial biogeography for healthy Fischer 344 rats. Microbial community profiling data was extracted and integrated with host transcriptomic data from the Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC) consortium. Unsupervised machine learning, Spearman's correlation, taxonomic diversity, and abundance analyses were performed to determine and characterize the rat microbial biogeography and the identification of four inter-tissue microbial heterogeneity patterns (P1-P4). The 11 body habitats harbor a greater diversity of microbes than previously suspected. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundances progressively declined in lungs from breastfeed newborn to adolescence/adult and was below detectable levels in elderly rats. LAB's presence and levels in lungs were further evaluated by PCR in the two validation datasets. The lung, testes, thymus, kidney, adrenal, and muscle niches were found to have age-dependent alterations in microbial abundance. P1 is dominated by lung samples. P2 contains the largest sample size and is enriched for environmental species. Liver and muscle samples were mostly classified into P3. Archaea species were exclusively enriched in P4. The 357 pattern-specific microbial signatures were positively correlated with host genes in cell migration and proliferation (P1), DNA damage repair and synaptic transmissions (P2), as well as DNA transcription and cell cycle in P3. Our study established a link between metabolic properties of LAB with lung microbiota maturation and development. Breastfeeding and environmental exposure influence microbiome composition and host health and longevity. The inferred rat microbial biogeography and pattern-specific microbial signatures would be useful for microbiome therapeutic approaches to human health and good quality of life.
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Liu J, Ali MK, Mao Y. Emerging role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149499. [PMID: 37250901 PMCID: PMC10213921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenously expressed RNAs longer than 200 nt that are not translated into proteins. In general, lncRNAs bind to mRNA, miRNA, DNA, and proteins and regulate gene expression at various cellular and molecular levels, including epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation. LncRNAs play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, migration, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, regulation of cell cycle, and cellular differentiation, and have become an important topic of study in genetic research in health and disease due to their close link with the development of various diseases. The exceptional stability, conservation, and abundance of lncRNAs in body fluids, have made them potential biomarkers for a wide range of diseases. LncRNA MALAT1 is one of the best-studied lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancers and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that aberrant expression of MALAT1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung cancers, and pulmonary hypertension through different mechanisms. Here we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of MALAT1 in the pathogenesis of these lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Devission of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yuqiang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Skills Practice Teaching Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ali MK, Zhao L, de Jesus Perez V, Nicolls MR, Spiekerkoetter EF. Decreasing ELK3 expression improves Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 signaling and pulmonary vascular cell function in PAH. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.14.524023. [PMID: 36711443 PMCID: PMC9882174 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.14.524023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ELK3 is upregulated in blood and pulmonary vascular cells of PAH patients and may play a significant role in PAH potentially through modulating BMPR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edda F. Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ali MK, Tian X, Zhao L, Schimmel K, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Nicolls MR, Spiekerkoetter EF. PTPN1 Deficiency Modulates BMPR2 Signaling and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2023; 12:316. [PMID: 36672250 PMCID: PMC9857213 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression and signaling are impaired in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). How BMPR2 signaling is decreased in PAH is poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play important roles in vascular remodeling in PAH. To identify whether PTPs modify BMPR2 signaling, we used a siRNA-mediated high-throughput screening of 22,124 murine genes in mouse myoblastoma reporter cells using ID1 expression as readout for BMPR2 signaling. We further experimentally validated the top hit, PTPN1 (PTP1B), in healthy human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) either silenced by siRNA or exposed to hypoxia and confirmed its relevance to PAH by measuring PTPN1 levels in blood and PAECs collected from PAH patients. We identified PTPN1 as a novel regulator of BMPR2 signaling in PAECs, which is downregulated in the blood of PAH patients, and documented that downregulation of PTPN1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction in PAECs. These findings point to a potential involvement for PTPN1 in PAH and will aid in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda F. Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Paudel KR, Patel V, Vishwas S, Gupta S, Sharma S, Chan Y, Jha NK, Shrestha J, Imran M, Panth N, Shukla SD, Jha SK, Devkota HP, Warkiani ME, Singh SK, Ali MK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Nutraceuticals and COVID-19: A mechanistic approach toward attenuating the disease complications. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14445. [PMID: 36239436 PMCID: PMC9874507 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have emerged as potential compounds to attenuate the COVID-19 complications. Precisely, these food additives strengthen the overall COVID treatment and enhance the immunity of a person. Such compounds have been used at a large scale, in almost every household due to their better affordability and easy access. Therefore, current research is focused on developing newer advanced formulations from potential drug candidates including nutraceuticals with desirable properties viz, affordability, ease of availability, ease of administration, stability under room temperature, and potentially longer shelf-lives. As such, various nutraceutical-based products such as compounds could be promising agents for effectively managing COVID-19 symptoms and complications. Most importantly, regular consumption of such nutraceuticals has been shown to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Nutraceuticals such as vitamins, amino acids, flavonoids like curcumin, and probiotics have been studied for their role in the prevention of COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, pain, malaise, and dry cough. In this review, we have critically reviewed the potential of various nutraceutical-based therapeutics for the management of COVID-19. We searched the information relevant to our topic from search engines such as PubMed and Scopus using COVID-19, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and vitamins as a keyword. Any scientific literature published in a language other than English was excluded. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nutraceuticals possess both nutritional values and medicinal properties. They can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as promote physical health and the immune system, normalizing body functions, and improving longevity. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals, and medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention and are widely regarded as potential alternatives to current therapeutic options for the effective management of various diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Vyoma Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Yinghan Chan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET)Sharda UniversityGreater NiodaIndia
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, Biomedical and Healthcare Research InstituteMokpo National UniversityMuanKorea
| | | | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia,School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJaipurIndia,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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Ali MK, Schimmel K, Zhao L, Chen CK, Dua K, Nicolls MR, Spiekerkoetter E. The role of circular RNAs in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200012. [PMID: 35680145 PMCID: PMC10361089 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00012-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, covalently circularised, non-protein-coding RNAs generated from back-splicing. Most circRNAs are very stable, highly conserved, and expressed in a tissue-, cell- and developmental stage-specific manner. circRNAs play a significant role in various biological processes, such as regulation of gene expression and protein translation via sponging of microRNAs and binding with RNA-binding proteins. circRNAs have become a topic of great interest in research due to their close link with the development of various diseases. Their high stability, conservation and abundance in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for many diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that aberrant expression of circRNAs and their targets plays a crucial role in pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1) as well as other forms (groups 3 and 4) of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodelling and PH. We also highlight the therapeutic and biomarker potential of circRNAs in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Kan Chen
- Departments of Dermatology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ashique S, Upadhyay A, Garg A, Mishra N, Hussain A, Negi P, Hing GB, Bhatt S, Ali MK, Gowthamarajan K, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Impact of ecDNA: A mechanism that directs tumorigenesis in cancer drug Resistance-A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tu X, Kim RY, Brown AC, de Jong E, Jones-Freeman B, Ali MK, Gomez HM, Budden KF, Starkey MR, Cameron GJM, Loering S, Nguyen DH, Nair PM, Haw TJ, Alemao CA, Faiz A, Tay HL, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Foster PS, Bosco A, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Donovan C. Airway and parenchymal transcriptomics in a novel model of asthma and COPD overlap. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:817-829.e6. [PMID: 35643377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic respiratory diseases, and some patients have overlapping disease features, termed asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Patients characterized with ACO have increased disease severity; however, the mechanisms driving this have not been widely studied. OBJECTIVES This study sought to characterize the phenotypic and transcriptomic features of experimental ACO in mice induced by chronic house dust mite antigen and cigarette smoke exposure. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were chronically exposed to house dust mite antigen for 11 weeks to induce experimental asthma, cigarette smoke for 8 weeks to induce experimental COPD, or both concurrently to induce experimental ACO. Lung inflammation, structural changes, and lung function were assessed. RNA-sequencing was performed on separated airway and parenchyma lung tissues to assess transcriptional changes. Validation of a novel upstream driver SPI1 in experimental ACO was assessed using the pharmacological SPI1 inhibitor, DB2313. RESULTS Experimental ACO recapitulated features of both asthma and COPD, with mixed pulmonary eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammation, small airway collagen deposition, and increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Transcriptomic analysis identified common and distinct dysregulated gene clusters in airway and parenchyma samples in experimental asthma, COPD, and ACO. Upstream driver analysis revealed increased expression of the transcription factor Spi1. Pharmacological inhibition of SPI1 using DB2313, reduced airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental ACO. CONCLUSIONS A new experimental model of ACO featuring chronic dual exposures to house dust mite and cigarette smoke mimics key disease features observed in patients with ACO and revealed novel disease mechanisms, including upregulation of SPI1, that are amenable to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tu
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Henry M Gomez
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Svenja Loering
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Duc H Nguyen
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Prema Mono Nair
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Alemao
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
Lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. They contribute to substantial economic burdens on society and individuals. Currently, only a few treatments are available to slow the development and progression of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to develop effective therapies to improve quality of life and limit healthcare costs. An increasing body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that altered zinc and its regulatory protein levels in the systemic circulation and in the lungs are associated with these disease’s development and progression. Zinc plays a crucial role in human enzyme activity, making it an essential trace element. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc involves a wide range of biological processes, such as gene transcription, translation, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production in both health and disease. Zinc has gained considerable interest in these lung diseases because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune, and metabolic modulatory properties. Here we highlight the role and mechanisms of zinc in the pathogenesis of asthma, COPD, CF, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-4025-8514
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12
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Donovan C, Kim RY, Galvao I, Jarnicki AG, Brown AC, Jones-Freeman B, Gomez HM, Wadhwa R, Hortle E, Jayaraman R, Khan H, Pickles S, Sahu P, Chimankar V, Tu X, Ali MK, Mayall JR, Nguyen DH, Budden KF, Kumar V, Schroder K, Robertson AA, Cooper MA, Wark PA, Oliver BG, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Aim2 suppresses cigarette smoke-induced neutrophil recruitment, neutrophil caspase-1 activation and anti-Ly6G-mediated neutrophil depletion. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:235-249. [PMID: 35175629 PMCID: PMC9545917 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased inflammasome responses are strongly implicated in inflammatory diseases; however, their specific roles are incompletely understood. Therefore, we sought to examine the roles of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain–like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain–containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma‐2 (AIM2) inflammasomes in cigarette smoke–induced inflammation in a model of experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We targeted NLRP3 with the inhibitor MCC950 given prophylactically or therapeutically and examined Aim2−/− mice in cigarette smoke–induced experimental COPD. MCC950 treatment had minimal effects on disease development and/or progression. Aim2−/− mice had increased airway neutrophils with decreased caspase‐1 levels, independent of changes in lung neutrophil chemokines. Suppressing neutrophils with anti‐Ly6G in experimental COPD in wild‐type mice reduced neutrophils in bone marrow, blood and lung. By contrast, anti‐Ly6G treatment in Aim2−/− mice with experimental COPD had no effect on neutrophils in bone marrow, partially reduced neutrophils in the blood and had no effect on neutrophils or neutrophil caspase‐1 levels in the lungs. These findings identify that following cigarette smoke exposure, Aim2 is important for anti‐Ly6G–mediated depletion of neutrophils, suppression of neutrophil recruitment and mediates activation of caspase‐1 in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvao
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry M Gomez
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elinor Hortle
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ranjith Jayaraman
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Pickles
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Priyanka Sahu
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vrushali Chimankar
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaofan Tu
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Duc H Nguyen
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Avril Ab Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Ab Wark
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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13
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Arora M, Nazar GP, Sharma N, Jain N, Davidson F, Mohan S, Mohan D, Ali MK, Mohan V, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Bauld L, Srinath Reddy K. COVID-19 and tobacco cessation: lessons from India. Public Health 2022; 202:93-99. [PMID: 34933205 PMCID: PMC8633921 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Government of India prohibited the sale of tobacco products during the COVID-19 lockdown to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study assessed the tobacco cessation behaviour and its predictors among adult tobacco users during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in India. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 801 adult tobacco users (both smoking and smokeless tobacco) in two urban metropolitan cities of India over a 2-month period (July to August 2020). The study assessed complete tobacco cessation and quit attempts during the lockdown period. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to study the correlates of tobacco cessation and quit attempts, respectively. RESULTS In total, 90 (11.3%) tobacco users reported that they had quit using tobacco after the COVID-19 lockdown period. Overall, a median of two quit attempts (interquartile range 0-6) was made by tobacco users. Participants with good knowledge on the harmful effects of tobacco use and COVID-19 were significantly more likely to quit tobacco use (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.0) and reported more quit attempts (incidence risk ratio 5.7; 95% CI 2.8-11.8) compared to those with poor knowledge. Participants who had access to tobacco products were less likely to quit tobacco use compared to those who had no access (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.5]. CONCLUSIONS Access restrictions and correct knowledge on the harmful effects of tobacco use and COVID-19 can play an important role in creating a conducive environment for tobacco cessation among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, India; Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India.
| | - G P Nazar
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, India; Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | | | - N Jain
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | - F Davidson
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Mohan
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - D Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - M K Ali
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - D Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - L Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Srinath Reddy
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
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14
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Gomez HM, Pillar AL, Brown AC, Kim RY, Ali MK, Essilfie AT, Vanders RL, Frazer DM, Anderson GJ, Hansbro PM, Collison AM, Jensen ME, Murphy VE, Johnstone DM, Reid D, Milward EA, Donovan C, Horvat JC. Investigating the Links between Lower Iron Status in Pregnancy and Respiratory Disease in Offspring Using Murine Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124461. [PMID: 34960012 PMCID: PMC8708709 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal iron deficiency occurs in 40-50% of all pregnancies and is associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease and asthma in children. We used murine models to examine the effects of lower iron status during pregnancy on lung function, inflammation and structure, as well as its contribution to increased severity of asthma in the offspring. A low iron diet during pregnancy impairs lung function, increases airway inflammation, and alters lung structure in the absence and presence of experimental asthma. A low iron diet during pregnancy further increases these major disease features in offspring with experimental asthma. Importantly, a low iron diet increases neutrophilic inflammation, which is indicative of more severe disease, in asthma. Together, our data demonstrate that lower dietary iron and systemic deficiency during pregnancy can lead to physiological, immunological and anatomical changes in the lungs and airways of offspring that predispose to greater susceptibility to respiratory disease. These findings suggest that correcting iron deficiency in pregnancy using iron supplements may play an important role in preventing or reducing the severity of respiratory disease in offspring. They also highlight the utility of experimental models for understanding how iron status in pregnancy affects disease outcomes in offspring and provide a means for testing the efficacy of different iron supplements for preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Gomez
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Amber L. Pillar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Alexandra C. Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Richard Y. Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.-T.E.); (D.M.F.); (G.J.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Rebecca L. Vanders
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - David M. Frazer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.-T.E.); (D.M.F.); (G.J.A.); (D.R.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.-T.E.); (D.M.F.); (G.J.A.); (D.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Adam M. Collison
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for GrowUpWell, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.M.C.); (M.E.J.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Megan E. Jensen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for GrowUpWell, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.M.C.); (M.E.J.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Vanessa E. Murphy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for GrowUpWell, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.M.C.); (M.E.J.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - David Reid
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.-T.E.); (D.M.F.); (G.J.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jay C. Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (H.M.G.); (A.L.P.); (A.C.B.); (R.Y.K.); (M.K.A.); (R.L.V.); (P.M.H.); (E.A.M.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4042-0220
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15
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Pinkerton JW, Kim RY, Brown AC, Rae BE, Donovan C, Mayall JR, Carroll OR, Khadem Ali M, Scott HA, Berthon BS, Baines KJ, Starkey MR, Kermani NZ, Guo YK, Robertson AAB, O'Neill LAJ, Adcock IM, Cooper MA, Gibson PG, Wood LG, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Relationship between type 2 cytokine and inflammasome responses in obesity-associated asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1270-1280. [PMID: 34678326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatic individuals are more likely to have severe, steroid-insensitive disease. How obesity affects the pathogenesis and severity of asthma is poorly understood. Roles for increased inflammasome-mediated neutrophilic responses, type 2 immunity, and eosinophilic inflammation have been described. OBJECTIVE We investigated how obesity affects the pathogenesis and severity of asthma and identified effective therapies for obesity-associated disease. METHODS We assessed associations between body mass index and inflammasome responses with type 2 (T2) immune responses in the sputum of 25 subjects with asthma. Functional roles for NLR family, pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3 inflammasome and T2 cytokine responses in driving key features of disease were examined in experimental high-fat diet-induced obesity and asthma. RESULTS Body mass index and inflammasome responses positively correlated with increased IL-5 and IL-13 expression as well as C-C chemokine receptor type 3 expression in the sputum of subjects with asthma. High-fat diet-induced obesity resulted in steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness in both the presence and absence of experimental asthma. High-fat diet-induced obesity was also associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome responses and eosinophilic inflammation in airway tissue, but not lumen, in experimental asthma. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome responses reduced steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness but had no effect on IL-5 or IL-13 responses in experimental asthma. Depletion of IL-5 and IL-13 reduced obesity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome responses and steroid-insensitive airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental asthma. CONCLUSION We found a relationship between T2 cytokine and NLRP3 inflammasome responses in obesity-associated asthma, highlighting the potential utility of T2 cytokine-targeted biologics and inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brittany E Rae
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Olivia R Carroll
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hayley A Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nazanin Z Kermani
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
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16
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Schimmel K, Ali MK, Tan SY, Teng J, Do HM, Steinberg GK, Stevenson DA, Spiekerkoetter E. Arteriovenous Malformations-Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis with Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169037. [PMID: 34445743 PMCID: PMC8396465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations are a vascular anomaly typically present at birth, characterized by an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein (bypassing the capillaries). These high flow lesions can vary in size and location. Therapeutic approaches are limited, and AVMs can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis of arteriovenous malformations based on preclinical and clinical findings. We discuss past and present accomplishments and challenges in the field and identify research gaps that need to be filled for the successful development of therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schimmel
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.S.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.S.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Serena Y. Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Joyce Teng
- Department of Dermatology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Huy M. Do
- Department of Radiology (Neuroimaging and Neurointervention), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Gary K. Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - David A. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.S.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(650)-739-5031
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17
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Ali MK, Ichimura K, Spiekerkoetter E. Promising therapeutic approaches in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 59:127-139. [PMID: 34217109 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating multifactorial disease characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in right ventricular failure and subsequent death. Current available therapies do not reverse the disease, resulting in a persistent high morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is an urgent unmet medical need for novel effective therapies to better treat patients with PAH. Over the past few years, enthusiastic attempts have been made to identify novel effective therapies that address the essential roots of PAH with targeting key signaling pathways in both preclinical models and patients with PAH. This review aims to discuss the most emerging and promising therapeutic interventions in PAH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford Medical School, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Kenzo Ichimura
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford Medical School, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford Medical School, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
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18
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Boehm M, Tian X, Ali MK, Mao Y, Ichimura K, Zhao M, Kuramoto K, Dannewitz Prosseda S, Fajardo G, Dufva MJ, Qin X, Kheyfets VO, Bernstein D, Reddy S, Metzger RJ, Zamanian RT, Haddad F, Spiekerkoetter E. Improving Right Ventricular Function by Increasing BMP Signaling with FK506. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:272-287. [PMID: 33938785 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0528oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Right Ventricular (RV) function is the predominant determinant of survival in patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In pre-clinical models, pharmacological activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling with FK506 (Tacrolimus) improved RV function by decreasing RV afterload. FK506 therapy further stabilized three end-stage PAH patients. Whether FK506 has direct effects on the pressure overloaded RV is yet unknown. We hypothesized that increasing cardiac BMP signaling with FK506 improves RV structure and function in a model of fixed RV afterload after pulmonary artery banding (PAB). Direct cardiac effects of FK506 on the microvasculature and RV fibrosis were studied after surgical PAB in wildtype and heterozygous Bmpr2 mutant mice. Right ventricular function and strain were assessed longitudinally via cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging during continuous FK506 infusion. Genetic lineage tracing of endothelial cells (ECs) was performed to assess the contribution of ECs to fibrosis. Molecular mechanistic studies were performed in human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) and endothelial cells. In mice, low BMP signaling in the RV exaggerated PAB-induced RV fibrosis. FK506 therapy restored cardiac BMP signaling, reduced RV fibrosis in a BMP-dependent manner independent from its immunosuppressive effect, preserved RV capillarization and improved RV function and strain over the time-course of disease. Endothelial mesenchymal transition was a rare event and did not significantly contribute to cardiac fibrosis after PAB. Mechanistically, FK506 required ALK1 in hCFs as BMPR2 co-receptor to reduce TGFβ1-induced proliferation and collagen production. Our study demonstrates that increasing cardiac BMP signaling with FK506 improves RV structure and function independent from its previously described beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Boehm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 10624, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Yuqiang Mao
- Stanford University Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 481207, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kenzo Ichimura
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kazuya Kuramoto
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Melanie J Dufva
- University of Denver, 2927, Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Xulei Qin
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vitaly O Kheyfets
- University of Colorado, 1878, Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Stanford University, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Stanfod, California, United States
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford University, Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Stanford University, Pulmonary and Critcal Care, Stanford, California, United States;
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19
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Amsallem M, Sweatt AJ, Arthur Ataam J, Guihaire J, Lecerf F, Lambert M, Ghigna MR, Ali MK, Mao Y, Fadel E, Rabinovitch M, de Jesus Perez V, Spiekerkoetter E, Mercier O, Haddad F, Zamanian RT. Targeted proteomics of right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:2002428. [PMID: 33334941 PMCID: PMC8029214 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02428-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
No prior proteomic screening study has centred on the right ventricle (RV) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study investigates the circulating proteomic profile associated with right heart maladaptive phenotype (RHMP) in PAH.Plasma proteomic profiling was performed using multiplex immunoassay in 121 (discovery cohort) and 76 (validation cohort) PAH patients. The association between proteomic markers and RHMP, defined by the Mayo right heart score (combining RV strain, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)) and Stanford score (RV end-systolic remodelling index, NYHA class and NT-proBNP), was assessed by partial least squares regression. Biomarker expression was measured in RV samples from PAH patients and controls, and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) mice.High levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stem cell growth factor-β, nerve growth factor and stromal derived factor-1 were associated with worse Mayo and Stanford scores independently from pulmonary resistance or pressure in both cohorts (the validation cohort had more severe disease features: lower cardiac index and higher NT-proBNP). In both cohorts, HGF added value to the REVEAL score in the prediction of death, transplant or hospitalisation at 3 years. RV expression levels of HGF and its receptor c-Met were higher in end-stage PAH patients than controls, and in PAB mice than shams.High plasma HGF levels are associated with RHMP and predictive of 3-year clinical worsening. Both HGF and c-Met RV expression levels are increased in PAH. Assessing plasma HGF levels might identify patients at risk of heart failure who warrant closer follow-up and intensified therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Amsallem
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both first authors contributed equally
| | - Andrew J. Sweatt
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both first authors contributed equally
| | - Jennifer Arthur Ataam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Guihaire
- Research and Innovation Laboratory, INSERM U999, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Sud Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Florence Lecerf
- Research and Innovation Laboratory, INSERM U999, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Sud Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Research and Innovation Laboratory, INSERM U999, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Sud Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Maria Rosa Ghigna
- Division of Pathology, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuqiang Mao
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elie Fadel
- Division of Pathology, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Research and Innovation Laboratory, INSERM U999, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Sud Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both senior authors contributed equally
| | - Roham T. Zamanian
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both senior authors contributed equally
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20
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Dannewitz Prosseda S, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E. Novel Advances in Modifying BMPR2 Signaling in PAH. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010008. [PMID: 33374819 PMCID: PMC7824173 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the pulmonary arteries, that is characterized by progressive narrowing of the pulmonary arterial lumen and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and premature death. Current treatments mainly target pulmonary vasodilation and leave the progressive vascular remodeling unchecked resulting in persistent high morbidity and mortality in PAH even with treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Loss of function mutations of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the most common genetic factor in hereditary forms of PAH, suggesting that the BMPR2 pathway is fundamentally important in the pathogenesis. Dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling recapitulates the cellular abnormalities in PAH as well as the pathobiology in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Approaches to restore BMPR2 signaling by increasing the expression of BMPR2 or its downstream signaling targets are currently actively explored as novel ways to prevent and improve experimental PH as well as PAH in patients. Here, we summarize existing as well as novel potential treatment strategies for PAH that activate the BMPR2 receptor pharmaceutically or genetically, increase the receptor availability at the cell surface, or reconstitute downstream BMPR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Dannewitz Prosseda
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Shah MK, Kondal D, Patel SA, Singh K, Devarajan R, Shivashankar R, Ajay VS, Menon VU, Varthakavi PK, Viswanathan V, Dharmalingam M, Bantwal G, Sahay RK, Masood MQ, Khadgawat R, Desai A, Prabhakaran D, Narayan KMV, Tandon N, Ali MK. Effect of a multicomponent intervention on achievement and improvements in quality-of-care indices among people with Type 2 diabetes in South Asia: the CARRS trial. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1825-1831. [PMID: 31479537 PMCID: PMC7051882 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether and what combinations of diabetes quality metrics were achieved in a multicentre trial in South Asia evaluating a multicomponent quality improvement intervention that included non-physician care coordinators to promote adherence and clinical decision-support software to enhance physician practices, in comparision with usual care. METHODS Using data from the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) trial, we evaluated the proportions of trial participants achieving specific and combinations of five diabetes care targets (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol [7%], blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L, non-smoking status, and aspirin use). Additionally, we examined the proportions of participants achieving the following risk factor improvements from baseline: ≥11-mmol/mol (1%) reduction in HbA1c , ≥10-mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure, and/or ≥0.26-mmol/l reduction in LDL cholesterol. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar in the intervention and usual care arms. Overall, 12.3%, 29.4%, 36.5%, 19.5% and 2.2% of participants in the intervention group and 16.2%, 38.3%, 31.6%, 11.3% and 0.8% of participants in the usual care group achieved any one, two, three, four or five targets, respectively. We noted sizeable improvements in HbA1c , blood pressure and cholesterol, and found that participants in the intervention group were twice as likely to achieve improvements in all three indices at 12 months that were sustained over 28 months of the study [relative risk 2.1 (95% CI 1.5,2.8) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.5,2.3), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was associated with significantly higher achievement of and greater improvements in composite diabetes quality care goals. However, among these higher-risk participants, very small proportions achieved the complete group of targets, which suggests that achievement of multiple quality-of-care goals is challenging and that other methods may be needed in closing care gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Shah
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Kondal
- Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - S A Patel
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Singh
- Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - R Devarajan
- Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - R Shivashankar
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control India, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - V S Ajay
- Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - V U Menon
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - P K Varthakavi
- Department of Endocrinology, TNM College and BYL Nair Charity Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes & Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | - M Dharmalingam
- Bangalore Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Centre, Karnataka, India
| | - G Bantwal
- Department of Endocrinology, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Karnataka, India
| | - R K Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Q Masood
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - R Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Desai
- Department of Medicine Endocrine Unit, Goa Medical College, Goa, India
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Department of Medicine Endocrine Unit, Goa Medical College, Goa, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - K M V Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Tandon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M K Ali
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Ali MK, Kim RY, Brown AC, Mayall JR, Karim R, Pinkerton JW, Liu G, Martin KL, Starkey MR, Pillar AL, Donovan C, Pathinayake PS, Carroll OR, Trinder D, Tay HL, Badi YE, Kermani NZ, Guo YK, Aryal R, Mumby S, Pavlidis S, Adcock IM, Weaver J, Xenaki D, Oliver BG, Holliday EG, Foster PS, Wark PA, Johnstone DM, Milward EA, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Crucial role for lung iron level and regulation in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01340-2019. [PMID: 32184317 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01340-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights links between iron regulation and respiratory disease. Here, we assessed the relationship between iron levels and regulatory responses in clinical and experimental asthma.We show that cell-free iron levels are reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant of severe or mild-moderate asthma patients and correlate with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Conversely, iron-loaded cell numbers were increased in BAL in these patients and with lower FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. The airway tissue expression of the iron sequestration molecules divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) are increased in asthma, with TFR1 expression correlating with reduced lung function and increased Type-2 (T2) inflammatory responses in the airways. Furthermore, pulmonary iron levels are increased in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced model of experimental asthma in association with augmented Tfr1 expression in airway tissue, similar to human disease. We show that macrophages are the predominant source of increased Tfr1 and Tfr1+ macrophages have increased Il13 expression. We also show that increased iron levels induce increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) responses in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and fibroblasts ex vivo and induce key features of asthma in vivo, including airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and fibrosis, and T2 inflammatory responses.Together these complementary clinical and experimental data highlight the importance of altered pulmonary iron levels and regulation in asthma, and the need for a greater focus on the role and potential therapeutic targeting of iron in the pathogenesis and severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rafia Karim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Respiratory Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber L Pillar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Olivia R Carroll
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School, Harry Perkins Medical Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Yusef E Badi
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nazanin Z Kermani
- Data Science Institute, Dept of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Dept of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Weaver
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
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23
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Ali MK, Kim RY, Brown AC, Donovan C, Vanka KS, Mayall JR, Liu G, Pillar AL, Jones-Freeman B, Xenaki D, Borghuis T, Karim R, Pinkerton JW, Aryal R, Heidari M, Martin KL, Burgess JK, Oliver BG, Trinder D, Johnstone DM, Milward EA, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Critical role for iron accumulation in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. J Pathol 2020; 251:49-62. [PMID: 32083318 DOI: 10.1002/path.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased iron levels and dysregulated iron homeostasis, or both, occur in several lung diseases. Here, the effects of iron accumulation on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung function decline was investigated using a combination of murine models of iron overload and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, primary human lung fibroblasts treated with iron, and histological samples from patients with or without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Iron levels are significantly increased in iron overloaded transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) mutant mice and homeostatic iron regulator (Hfe) gene-deficient mice and this is associated with increases in airway fibrosis and reduced lung function. Furthermore, fibrosis and lung function decline are associated with pulmonary iron accumulation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we show that iron accumulation is increased in lung sections from patients with IPF and that human lung fibroblasts show greater proliferation and cytokine and extracellular matrix responses when exposed to increased iron levels. Significantly, we show that intranasal treatment with the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), from the time when pulmonary iron levels accumulate, prevents airway fibrosis and decline in lung function in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with an increase in Tfr1+ macrophages that display altered phenotype in disease, and DFO treatment modified the abundance of these cells. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate that increased accumulation of pulmonary iron plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and lung function decline. Furthermore, these data highlight the potential for the therapeutic targeting of increased pulmonary iron in the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases such as IPF. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kanth S Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amber L Pillar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafia Karim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Respiratory Pharmacology & Toxicology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Moones Heidari
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School and, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Singh K, Johnson L, Devarajan R, Shivashankar R, Sharma P, Kondal D, Ajay VS, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Ali MK, Tandon N. Acceptability of a decision-support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals in South Asia: a mixed-methods evaluation of the CARRS trial. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1644-1654. [PMID: 30142228 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To describe physicians' acceptance of decision-support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals among people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS We analysed data from participants in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) trial, who received the study intervention (care coordinators and use of a decision-support electronic health record system; n=575) using generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between acceptance/rejection of decision-support system prompts and outcomes (mean changes in HbA1c , blood pressure and LDL cholesterol) considering repeated measures across all time points available. We conducted in-depth interviews with physicians to understand the benefits, challenges and value of the decision-support electronic health record system and analysed physicians' interviews using Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory. RESULTS At end-of-trial, participants with diabetes for whom glycaemic, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol decision-support electronic health record prompts were accepted vs rejected, experienced no reduction in HbA1c [mean difference: -0.05 mmol/mol (95% CI -0.22, 0.13); P=0.599], but statistically significant improvements were observed for systolic blood pressure [mean difference: -11.6 mmHg (95% CI -13.9, -9.3); P ≤ 0.001], diastolic blood pressure [mean difference: -5.2 mmHg (95% CI -6.5, -3.8); P ≤ 0.001] and LDL cholesterol [mean difference: -0.7 mmol/l (95% CI -0.6, -0.8); P ≤0.001], respectively. The relative advantages and compatibility of the decision-support electronic health record system with existing clinic set-ups influenced physicians' acceptance of it. Software complexities and data entry challenges could be overcome by task-sharing. CONCLUSION Wider adherence to decision-support electronic health record prompts could potentially improve diabetes goal achievement, particularly when accompanied by assistance from a non-physician health worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
| | - L Johnson
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Devarajan
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
- Centre of Excellence - Centre for Cardio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia
| | - R Shivashankar
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sharma
- St. Georges Medical University of London, London, UK
- Plovdiv Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - D Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
| | - V S Ajay
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
| | - K M V Narayan
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
| | - M K Ali
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, New Delhi, India
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25
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Abdellah MS, Abbas AM, Ali MK, Mahmoud A, Abdullah SA. Uterine exteriorization versus intraperitoneal repair: effect on intraoperative nausea and vomiting during repeat cesarean delivery - A randomized clinical trial. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2018; 10:131-137. [PMID: 31191847 PMCID: PMC6548409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to compare the rate of intraoperative nausea and vomiting after repeat cesarean delivery (CD) under two different approaches: by intraperitoneal incision repair or by uterus exteriorization for incision reapair. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-blinded randomized clinical trial (NCT03009994) at a tertiary University Hospital between the 1st of September 2016 and the 31st of December 2017. The study included pregnant women at term of gestation (>37 weeks) scheduled for repeat CD under spinal anesthesia. Women were assigned to either uterine exteriorization for incision repair (Group I) or intraperitoneal incision repair (Group II). The primary assessed was the rate of nausea and vomiting during CD. RESULTS The study included 1028 women in the final analysis. The rate of intraoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the intraperitoneal repair group compared to the exteriorization group (24% versus 38.7%, p= 0.001). Likewise, occurrence of uterine atony and the need for additional uterotonics were significantly lower in the intraperitoneal repair group (p= 0.001 and 0.02 respectively). Postoperatively, the rate of nausea and vomiting (12.6 % versus 21 %; P=0.001), and the time to the first recognized bowel movement (12.3 hours versus 14.1 hours; P=0.003) were significantly lower in the intraperitoneal repair group compared to the exteriorization group. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal repair of the uterine incision during repeat CD is beneficial compared to exteriorization. Improvements in the rate of intra- and postoperative nausea, vomiting, uterine atony and time to the first recognized bowel movement were observed in patients operated with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Mahmoud
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. Women Health Hospital,71511,Assiut Egypt
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26
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Kowalski AJ, Poongothai S, Chwastiak L, Hutcheson M, Tandon N, Khadgawat R, Sridhar GR, Aravind SR, Sosale B, Anjana RM, Rao D, Sagar R, Mehta N, Narayan KMV, Unutzer J, Katon W, Mohan V, Ali MK. The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study: Design and methods to address mental healthcare gaps in India. Contemp Clin Trials 2017. [PMID: 28642211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression and diabetes are highly prevalent worldwide and often co-exist, worsening outcomes for each condition. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment are exacerbated in low and middle-income countries with limited health infrastructure and access to mental health treatment. The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study tests the sustained effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component care model for individuals with poorly-controlled diabetes and depression in diabetes clinics in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults with diabetes, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score≥10), and ≥1 poorly-controlled cardiometabolic indicator (either HbA1c≥8.0%, SBP≥140mmHg, and/or LDL≥130mg/dl) were enrolled and randomized to the intervention or usual care. The intervention combined collaborative care, decision-support, and population health management. The primary outcome is the between-arm difference in the proportion of participants achieving combined depression response (≥50% reduction in Symptom Checklist score from baseline) AND one or more of: ≥0.5% reduction in HbA1c, ≥5mmHg reduction in SBP, or ≥10mg/dl reduction in LDL-c at 24months (12-month intervention; 12-month observational follow-up). Other outcomes include control of individual parameters, patient-centered measures (i.e. treatment satisfaction), and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS The study trained seven care coordinators. Participant recruitment is complete - 940 adults were screened, with 483 eligible, and 404 randomized (196 to intervention; 208 to usual care). Randomization was balanced across clinic sites. CONCLUSIONS The INDEPENDENT model aims to increase access to mental health care and improve depression and cardiometabolic disease outcomes among complex patients with diabetes by leveraging the care provided in diabetes clinics in India (clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02022111).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kowalski
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - S Poongothai
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Chwastiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M Hutcheson
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - N Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biotechnology Block, 3rd Floor, Rm #312, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - R Khadgawat
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biotechnology Block, 3rd Floor, Rm #312, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - G R Sridhar
- Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S R Aravind
- Diacon Hospital, Diabetes Care and Research Center, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560 010, Karantaka, India
| | - B Sosale
- Diacon Hospital, Diabetes Care and Research Center, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560 010, Karantaka, India
| | - R M Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - R Sagar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - N Mehta
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - K M V Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - J Unutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - W Katon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Ali MK, Kim RY, Karim R, Mayall JR, Martin KL, Shahandeh A, Abbasian F, Starkey MR, Loustaud-Ratti V, Johnstone D, Milward EA, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Role of iron in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:181-195. [PMID: 28495571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for many biological processes, however, too much or too little iron can result in a wide variety of pathological consequences, depending on the organ system, tissue or cell type affected. In order to reduce pathogenesis, iron levels are tightly controlled in throughout the body by regulatory systems that control iron absorption, systemic transport and cellular uptake and storage. Altered iron levels and/or dysregulated homeostasis have been associated with several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. However, the mechanisms that underpin these associations and whether iron plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease are yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, in order to survive and replicate, pathogenic micro-organisms have evolved strategies to source host iron, including freeing iron from cells and proteins that store and transport iron. To counter these microbial strategies, mammals have evolved immune-mediated defence mechanisms that reduce iron availability to pathogens. This interplay between iron, infection and immunity has important ramifications for the pathogenesis and management of human respiratory infections and diseases. An increased understanding of the role that iron plays in the pathogenesis of lung disease and respiratory infections may help inform novel therapeutic strategies. Here we review the clinical and experimental evidence that highlights the potential importance of iron in respiratory diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rafia Karim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ali Shahandeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Firouz Abbasian
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Daniel Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
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Kim RYH, Pinkerton JW, Rae BE, Mayall JR, Brown AC, Ali MK, Goggins BJ, Essilfie AT, Starkey MR, To C, Bosco A, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Impaired induction of Slc26a4 promotes respiratory acidosis and severe, steroid-resistant asthma. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.53.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CO2 produced by systemic cellular respiration is hydrated into carbonic acid (H2CO3) that dissociates into H+ and HCO3−. These are transported in the plasma to the lungs where HCO3− is converted back into H2CO3 and CO2 that are expelled through breathing. Evidence suggests that dysfunction of the mechanisms that govern these processes may result in the development of respiratory acidosis (RA) and the cardinal features of severe, steroid-resistant (SSR) asthma. Reduced lung function, which occurs in SSR asthma, impairs removal of volatile H2CO3 and CO2, resulting in acid accumulation and increased arterial PaCO2. Patients with severe asthma often develop complications from increased PaCO2, which skews the PaCO2/HCO3− ratio resulting in increased H+ concentration and reduced pH. We developed three mouse models of respiratory infection and ovalbumin-induced SSR allergic airways disease (SSRAAD) that are highly representative of SSR asthma in humans. We used these models to show a role for impaired homeostatic acid-base balance in SSR asthma. All three infections suppress the induction of the expression of the chloride (Cl−)/HCO− pump, Slc26a4, in the airway mucosa in AAD. Importantly, SSRAAD is associated with increased levels of free H+ ions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Administration of Slc26a4-specific siRNA in steroid-sensitive AAD, which mimics the effect of decreased Slc26a4 responses in SSRAAD, induced RA and steroid-resistant airway inflammation and AHR. Importantly, treatment of RA with NaHCO3 during infection-induced SSRAAD suppressed steroid-resistant AHR. Thus, we have identified a previously unrecognised role for deficient Slc26a4 responses that result in the development of RA and the pathogenesis of SSRAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cuong To
- 2Univ. of Western Australia, Australia
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29
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Horvat JC, Ali MK, Johnstone D, Kim RY, Mayall JR, Karim R, Pinkerton JW, Heidari M, Martin KL, Donovam C, Liu G, Milward EA, Hansbro PM. Role for dysregulated iron in the pathogenesis of murine models of lung disease. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.53.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Altered iron levels and/or dysregulated iron homeostasis have been associated with a number of lung diseases, however, the mechanisms that underpin these associations, and whether iron plays a role in the pathogenesis of disease, are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, systemic and pulmonary iron and lung structure and function were assessed in transferrin receptor (TFR)2 mutant and wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice fed a high-iron diet (containing 2% carbonyl iron) compared to normal diet controls, respectively. The effects of increased iron loading on murine models of ovalbumin- and house dust mite-induced allergic airways disease (AAD) were also assessed. Excess iron accumulation was observed in the lungs in both the genetic and diet-induced models of iron overloading. Increased iron levels in the lung were associated with emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, small airways collagen deposition, alterations in baseline lung function and increased airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Increased iron loading also resulted in altered type 1, 2 and 17 cytokine production, increased eosinophilic inflammation and severe, steroid-resistant AHR in AAD. Interestingly, AAD also results in altered systemic and pulmonary iron levels and iron regulatory molecule expression. These data show that increased iron levels in the lung results in emphysema and airways fibrosis that corresponds with reduced lung function. We also show that lung disease may be closely associated with changes in iron homeostasis. These models will be used to characterize the interplay between iron and immunity in the pathogenesis of lung disease and determine the therapeutic effectiveness of correcting dysregulated iron homeostasis for the treatment of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- 1University of Newcastle, Australia
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30
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Lall D, Cason E, Pasquel FJ, Ali MK, Narayan KMV. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination for Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. COPD 2015; 13:93-9. [PMID: 26418892 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1043518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. In addition to the mortality associated with it, people with COPD experience significant morbidity, making this set of conditions a major public health concern. Infections caused by influenza virus are a preventable cause of morbidity and vaccination has been shown to be effective. The evidence of their benefit in persons with COPD mainly comes from high-income countries where influenza vaccination is used in routine practice, but little is known about the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of vaccination in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore systematically reviewed and present evidence related to vaccination against influenza in persons with COPD with a special focus on studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Available data from 19 studies suggest that the use of influenza vaccine in persons with COPD is beneficial, cost-effective, and may be relevant for low- and middle-income countries. Wider implementation of this intervention needs to take into account the health care delivery systems of LMICs and use of prevalent viral strains in vaccines to be most cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Lall
- a Institute of Public Health , Bengaluru , India
| | - E Cason
- b Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - F J Pasquel
- c Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - M K Ali
- a Institute of Public Health , Bengaluru , India
| | - K M V Narayan
- b Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
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Abstract
Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a member of the importin-ß superfamily proteins. Despite numerous studies, the exact molecular mechanism of TNPO3 in retroviral infection is still controversial. Here, we provide evidence for the role and mechanism of TNPO3 in the replication of prototype foamy virus (PFV). Our findings revealed that PFV infection was reduced 2-fold by knockdown (KD) of TNPO3. However, late stage of viral replication including transcription, translation, viral assembly, and release was not influenced. The differential cellular localization of PFV integrase (IN) in KD cells pinpointed a remarkable reduction of viral replication at the nuclear import step. We also found that TNPO3 interacted with PFV IN but not with Gag, suggesting that IN-TNPO3 interaction is important for nuclear import of PFV pre-integration complex. Our report enlightens the mechanism of PFV interaction with TNPO3 and support ongoing research on PFV as a promising safe vector for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- a Department of Systems Biotechnology , Chung Ang University , Ansung , Republic of Korea
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32
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Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Ali MK, Roglic G, Hayward RA, Narayan KM. Screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy and incidence of visual loss: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1272-92. [PMID: 23819487 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Screening for diabetic retinopathy can help to prevent this complication, but evidence regarding frequency of screening is uncertain. This paper systematically reviews the published literature on the relationship between screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of visual loss. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched until December 2012. Twenty five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, as these assessed the incidence/prevalence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in relation to screening frequency. The included studies comprised 15 evaluations of real-world screening programmes, three studies modelling the natural history of diabetic retinopathy and seven cost-effectiveness studies. In evaluations of diabetic retinopathy screening programmes, the appropriate screening interval ranged from one to four years, in people with no retinopathy at baseline. Despite study heterogeneity, the overall tendency observed in these programmes was that 2-year screening intervals among people with no diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis were not associated with high incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The modelling studies (non-economic and economic) assessed a range of screening intervals (1-5 years). The aggregated evidence from both the natural history and cost-effectiveness models favors a screening interval >1 year, but ≤2 years. Such an interval would be appropriate, safe and cost-effective for people with no diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis, while screening intervals ≤1 year would be preferable for people with pre-existing diabetic retinopathy. A 2-year screening interval for people with no sight threatening diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis may be safely adopted. For patients with pre-existing diabetic retinopathy, a shorter interval ≤1 year is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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33
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Ali MK, Feeney P, Hire D, Simmons DL, O'Connor PJ, Ganz-Lord F, Goff D, Zhang P, Anderson RT, Narayan KMV, Sullivan MD. Glycaemia and correlates of patient-reported outcomes in ACCORD trial participants. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e67-74. [PMID: 22141437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Post-hoc evaluation of relationships between first-year change in glycaemic control (HbA(1c) ) and change in patient-reported outcomes among ACCORD health-related quality of life (HRQoL) substudy participants. METHODS Data from 2053 glycaemia-trial subjects were analysed. We assessed physical and mental health status (36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Version-2), symptom count and severity (Diabetes Symptoms Distress Checklist) and treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire). Linear mixed models were used to test relationships between 1-year changes in HbA(1c) and patient reported outcomes sequentially adjusting for correlates (baseline characteristics, baseline patient reported outcomes, treatment assignment, frequency of clinical contact and post-randomization weight change plus new complications). RESULTS Poorer baseline control of HbA(1c) and cardiovascular disease risk factors predicted greater one-year improvements in treatment satisfaction. Similarly, poorer baseline patient reported outcome scores all individually predicted greater 1-year improvement in that same outcome. Accounting for baseline and post-randomization characteristics and treatment arm, 1-year change in HbA(1c) was unrelated to changes in overall physical or mental health; however, every one percentage-point (10.9 mmol/mol) reduction in HbA(1c) was associated with lower symptom count (β = 0.599; P = 0.012), lower symptom distress (β = 0.051; P = 0.001), and higher treatment satisfaction (β = -2.514; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Independent of all relevant covariates, better glycaemic control over 1 year was associated with reduced patient-reported diabetes symptoms and symptom distress, and increased treatment satisfaction, but not overall physical and mental health. Further investigation is required to understand the specific psychosocial mechanisms that affect how patients value health and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ali
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Ali MK, Ashraf A, Biswas NN, Karmakar UK, Afroz S. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities of ethanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Malvaceae) in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:626-31. [PMID: 21669166 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities of the ethanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. in mice. METHODS In the present study, the dried calyxes of H. sabdariffa were subjected to extraction with 95% ethanol and the extract was used to investigate the possible activities. Antinociceptive activity of the extract was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was tested by using the xylene-induced ear edema model mice. Castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice were used to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the extract. RESULTS In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract produced inhibited writhing in mice significantly compared with the blank control (P<0.01). The extract showed significant inhibition of ear edema formation in xylene-induced ear edema model mice in a dose-related manner compared with the blank control (P<0.01). The extract demonstrated a significant antidiarrheal activity against castor oil-induced diarrheal in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The above mentioned findings indicate that the calyx extract of H. sabdariffa possesses significant antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities that support its uses in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
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Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, Bhansali A, Joshi SR, Joshi PP, Yajnik CS, Dhandhania VK, Nath LM, Das AK, Rao PV, Madhu SV, Shukla DK, Kaur T, Priya M, Nirmal E, Parvathi SJ, Subhashini S, Subashini R, Ali MK, Mohan V. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia 2011; 54:3022-7. [PMID: 21959957 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study reports the results of the first phase of a national study to determine the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in India. METHODS A total of 363 primary sampling units (188 urban, 175 rural), in three states (Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand) and one union territory (Chandigarh) of India were sampled using a stratified multistage sampling design to survey individuals aged ≥ 20 years. The prevalence rates of diabetes and prediabetes were assessed by measurement of fasting and 2 h post glucose load capillary blood glucose. RESULTS Of the 16,607 individuals selected for the study, 14,277 (86%) participated, of whom 13,055 gave blood samples. The weighted prevalence of diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed) was 10.4% in Tamilnadu, 8.4% in Maharashtra, 5.3% in Jharkhand, and 13.6% in Chandigarh. The prevalences of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) were 8.3%, 12.8%, 8.1% and 14.6% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, family history of diabetes, urban residence, abdominal obesity, generalised obesity, hypertension and income status were significantly associated with diabetes. Significant risk factors for prediabetes were age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, hypertension and income status. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS We estimate that, in 2011, Maharashtra will have 6 million individuals with diabetes and 9.2 million with prediabetes, Tamilnadu will have 4.8 million with diabetes and 3.9 million with prediabetes, Jharkhand will have 0.96 million with diabetes and 1.5 million with prediabetes, and Chandigarh will have 0.12 million with diabetes and 0.13 million with prediabetes. Projections for the whole of India would be 62.4 million people with diabetes and 77.2 million people with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India
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Al Ansari A, Ali MK. Psychiatric and socioenvironmental characteristics of Bahraini suicide cases. East Mediterr Health J 2009; 15:1235-1241. [PMID: 20214137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of suicide victims have not been studied systematically in Arab countries. A questionnaire-guided interview of families of 29 Bahraini suicide cases from 1996 to 2005 was conducted in their homes by a social worker. Medical and psychiatric files were examined to complete the data. More suicide victims were male, young, single or divorced, unemployed and with a low education level compared with the general population. The majority of victims had chronic mental disorders, mainly schizophrenia, depression and substance abuse. The most notable environmental risks were reported to be family problems, family history of suicidal behaviour, and financial and relationship problems. The sociodemographic and clinical risk profile in Bahrain differs from other developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al Ansari
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
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Potapov A, Ali MK. Convergence of reinforcement learning algorithms and acceleration of learning. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:026706. [PMID: 12636853 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.026706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of reinforcement learning have been gaining increasing popularity recently. However, the question of their convergence rate is still open. We consider the problem of choosing the learning steps alpha(n), and their relation with discount gamma and exploration degree epsilon. Appropriate choices of these parameters may drastically influence the convergence rate of the techniques. From analytical examples, we conjecture optimal values of alpha(n) and then use numerical examples to verify our conjectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Potapov
- Department of Physics, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4.
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Abstract
We consider the problem of feature extraction and determination of intrinsic dimensionality of observation data. One of the common approaches to this problem is to use autoassociative neural networks with a "bottleneck" projecting layer. We propose a different approach in which a neural network performs a topological mapping that creates a nonlinear lower-dimensional projection of the data. The mapping preserves relative distances of neighbors. This technique can be efficiently implemented with the help of radial basis function networks, and it is significantly faster than training an autoassotiative network. We show that the proposed technique can be used for estimating the dimension of minimal mathematical model from time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Potapov
- Department of Physics, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W. Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4.
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Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of the minority game model, where the dynamics of the agents is described by the Q-learning algorithm. The numerical results show that the Q-learning dynamics is suppressing the "crowd effect," which is characteristic of the minority game with standard inductive dynamics, and it converges to a stationary state that is close to the optimal Nash equilibrium of the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrecut
- Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Abstract
Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neighborhood of the parameter space. It has been conjectured that robust chaos cannot occur in smooth systems [E. Barreto, B. Hunt, and C. Grebogi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4561 (1997); 80, 3049 (1998)]. Contrary to this conjecture, we describe a general procedure for generating robust chaos in smooth unimodal maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrecut
- Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, AB, Canada T1K 3M4.
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Ali MK, Tayyab S. Effect of metal ions on binding of bilirubin to erythrocyte membranes. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2001; 38:230-4. [PMID: 11811617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Binding of bilirubin to different erythrocyte membranes, namely, human, buffalo, sheep and goat, pre-incubated with different concentrations of metal ions was studied. The results showed that among the different metal ions used, Ca2+ had the highest potential in increasing the amount of bound bilirubin followed by Sr2+ and Mg2+, whereas Ba2+ had the lowest potential. Treatment of these membranes with Ca2+ led to an increase in the amount of bound bilirubin in all membranes. However, human erythrocyte membranes pretreated with Ca2+, bound the highest amount of bilirubin compared to other erythrocyte membranes. Increase in bilirubin binding upon Ca2+-treatment can be ascribed to shielding effect, redistribution of phospholipids as well as increase in surface hydrophobicity induced by Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ali
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, UP, India
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Ali MK, Tayyab S. Effect of phospholipase C, trypsin and neuraminidase on binding of bilirubin to mammalian erythrocyte membranes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 129:355-62. [PMID: 11423308 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Binding of bilirubin to erythrocyte membranes of human, buffalo, sheep and goat was studied after phospholipase C, trypsin and neuraminidase treatment. Phospholipase C and trypsin treatment of membranes greatly enhanced the bilirubin binding in all mammalian species, whereas, neuraminidase treatment resulted into a small increase in the membrane-bound bilirubin. Human erythrocyte membranes bound the highest amount of bilirubin, whereas buffalo, sheep and goat erythrocyte membranes showed different mode of bilirubin binding. The order of bilirubin binding to unmodified as well as neuraminidase-treated erythrocyte membranes was: human>sheep>buffalo>goat; the order was: human>buffalo>sheep>goat; in phospholipase C- and trypsin-treated erythrocyte membranes. These binding results indicate that membrane phospholipids are directly involved in the interaction of bilirubin with the membranes as the differences observed in the membrane-bound bilirubin among mammalian species were directly correlated with the sum of choline phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content of the erythrocyte membranes. The negatively charged phosphate moiety of phospholipids of the membranes appears to inhibit a large amount of bilirubin binding to the membrane as its removal by phospholipase C greatly enhanced the binding. Furthermore, membrane proteins and carbohydrate also seem to play a significant regulatory function on the binding as their degradation and/or removal in the form of glycopeptides by trypsin expose a large number of bilirubin binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ali
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 202002, India
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Abstract
The cells of Clostridium stercorarium F-9 grown on cellobiose bound to insoluble cellulose allomorphs such as phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (ASC). Treatment of the cells with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride extracted surface-layer proteins from the cells and abolished the affinity of the cells for ASC. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymogram, and immunological analyses indicated that one of the major surface layer proteins was Xyn10B, which is a modular xylanase comprising two family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases, a family 9 CBM, and two S-layer homologous (SLH) domains. The C. stercorarium F-9 cells treated with guanidine hydrochloride coprecipitated with ASC upon the addition of a derivative of Xyn10B containing both a CBM and SLH domain in addition to a catalytic domain, but not a derivative without Xyn10B-SLH domains, suggesting that Xyn10B functioned as a cellulose-binding protein in C. stercorarium F-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1515 Kamihamacho, 514-8507, Tsu, Japan
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Diamond JA, Machac J, Vallabhajosula S, Henzlova MJ, Ali MK, Mezrow CK, Gandses A, Travis A, Phillips RA. Validation in the canine model of a new non-invasive method of measuring coronary blood flow reserve: split dose thallium-201 rest/stress imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2001; 17:145-52. [PMID: 11558973 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010627423924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffusely impaired coronary blood flow reserve is difficult to measure non-invasively. We developed and tested a quantitative non-invasive method of measuring coronary blood flow reserve using thallium-201 perfusion imaging. Ten anesthetized dogs were injected simultaneously at rest with thallium-201 and either Ru-103 or Sn-113 microspheres. SPECT images were obtained followed by varying doses of intravenous adenosine, and a second thallium-201 dose was injected simultaneously with either Nb-95 or Sc-46 microspheres. SPECT images were then repeated. The heart was removed, sectioned and counted, along with arterial blood samples. Blood flow was calculated at rest and stress. Peak resting counts in four regions in each of three SPECT slices were subtracted from stress values and stress/rest thallium-201 count ratios (coronary flow reserve (CFR)) were calculated and correlated with the corresponding microsphere flow ratios. Overall correlation of the imaging and microsphere flow ratios was 0.77 (p = 0.0001). Regional correlation coefficients ranged from 0.65-0.86 (p = 0.0001). Coronary blood flow reserve ratios by the microsphere method ranged from 0.7 to 5.3, and by thallium-201 imaging from 0.33-2.45. The non-invasively measured coronary blood flow reserve with thallium-201 imaging and adenosine stress correlates well with microsphere-measured coronary blood flow reserve over a wide range of coronary flows, and should be useful in clinical studies of CFR impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Diamond
- The Cardiovascular Institute, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Potapov A, Ali MK. Chaotic neural control. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:046215. [PMID: 11308938 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.046215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We consider the problem of stabilizing unstable equilibria by discrete controls (the controls take discrete values at discrete moments of time). We prove that discrete control typically creates a chaotic attractor in the vicinity of an equilibrium. Artificial neural networks with reinforcement learning are known to be able to learn such a control scheme. We consider examples of such systems, discuss some details of implementing the reinforcement learning to controlling unstable equilibria, and show that the arising dynamics is characterized by positive Lyapunov exponents, and hence is chaotic. This chaos can be observed both in the controlled system and in the activity patterns of the controller.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Potapov
- Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
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Andrecut M, Ali MK. Critical transition in the constrained traveling salesman problem. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:047103. [PMID: 11308979 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.047103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the finite size scaling of the mean optimal tour length as a function of density of obstacles in a constrained variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The computational experience pointed out a critical transition (at rho(c) approximately 85%) in the dependence between the excess of the mean optimal tour length over the Held-Karp lower bound and the density of obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrecut
- Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
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Ali MK, Somorjai RL. Quasisoliton solutions in one-dimensional anharmonic lattices. I. Influence of the shape of the pair potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/12/12/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ali MK, Hayashi H, Karita S, Goto M, Kimura T, Sakka K, Ohmiya K. Importance of the carbohydrate-binding module of Clostridium stercorarium Xyn10B to xylan hydrolysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:41-7. [PMID: 11272844 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Clostridium stercorarium xylanase Xyn10B is a modular enzyme comprising two thermostabilizing domains, a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases, a family 9 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), and two S-layer homologous (SLH) domains [Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 63, 1596-1604 (1999)]. To investigate the role of this CBM, we constructed two derivatives of Xyn10B and compared their hydrolytic activity toward xylan and some preparations of plant cell walls; Xyn10BdeltaCBM consists of a catalytic domain only, and Xyn10B-CBM comprises a catalytic domain and a CBM. Xyn10B-CBM bound to various insoluble polysaccharides including Avicel, acid-swollen cellulose, ball-milled chitin, Sephadex G-25, and amylose-resin. A cellulose binding assay in the presence of soluble saccharides suggested that the CBM of Xyn10B had an affinity for even monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose. Removal of the CBM from the enzyme negated its cellulose- and xylan-binding abilities and severely reduced its enzyme activity toward insoluble xylan and plant cell walls but not soluble xylan. These findings clearly indicated that the CBM of Xyn10B is important in the hydrolysis of insoluble xylan. This is the first report of a family 9 CBM with an affinity for insoluble xylan in addition to crystalline cellulose and the ability to increase hydrolytic activity toward insoluble xylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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