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Arora M, Shukla T, Rathod PM. Surgical Technique for Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using Bone Tunnels: A New Method. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:330-337. [PMID: 38425828 PMCID: PMC10899135 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Medial patellar instability (lateral patellofemoral ligament tear) is a rare condition which is commonly associated with lateral release for lateral patellar instability. LPFL is a lateral stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint. Reconstruction of LPFL is necessary to provide stability to the patella-femoral joint in patients with instability. We describe a novel technique of trans-osseous reconstruction of LPFL to gain stability and have better graft incorporation. A doubled peroneus longus graft is inserted into the patellar tunnel and secured with an endo button on the anteromedial aspect of the patella; the other end is then inserted into the insertional point on the femur and secured with an interference screw. This is an easy, novel, and reproducible technique which can be used to reconstruct LPFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Mohali, Punjab 160062 India
| | - T. Shukla
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Mohali, Punjab 160062 India
| | - P. M. Rathod
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Chandramma Dayanand Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research (CDSIMER), Deverakaggalahalli, Kanakapura, Karnataka 562112 India
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Babalola KT, Arora M, Ganugula R, Agarwal SK, Mohan C, Kumar MNVR. Leveraging Lymphatic System Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improved Clinical Outcomes. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:228-250. [PMID: 38351070 PMCID: PMC10877736 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of advanced drug delivery strategies in drug repositioning and minimizing drug attrition rates, when applied early in drug discovery, is poised to increase the translational impact of various therapeutic strategies in disease prevention and treatment. In this context, drug delivery to the lymphatic system is gaining prominence not only to improve the systemic bioavailability of various pharmaceutical drugs but also to target certain specific diseases associated with the lymphatic system. Although the role of the lymphatic system in lupus is known, very little is done to target drugs to yield improved clinical benefits. In this review, we discuss recent advances in drug delivery strategies to treat lupus, the various routes of drug administration leading to improved lymph node bioavailability, and the available technologies applied in other areas that can be adapted to lupus treatment. Moreover, this review also presents some recent findings that demonstrate the promise of lymphatic targeting in a preclinical setting, offering renewed hope for certain pharmaceutical drugs that are limited by efficacy in their conventional dosage forms. These findings underscore the potential and feasibility of such lymphatic drug-targeting approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy in lupus and minimize off-target effects of the pharmaceutical drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The World Health Organization estimates that there are currently 5 million humans living with some form of lupus. With limited success in lupus drug discovery, turning to effective delivery strategies with existing drug molecules, as well as those in the early stage of discovery, could lead to better clinical outcomes. After all, effective delivery strategies have been proven to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Babalola
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S K Agarwal
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - C Mohan
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM) (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Division of Translational Science and Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), Alabama Life Research Institute (K.T.B., M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), and Department of Biological Sciences (M.A., R.G., M.N.V.R.K.), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas (S.K.A.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (C.M.); Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (M.N.V.R.K.); and Center for Free Radical Biology (M.N.V.R.K.) and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.N.V.R.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Saoji A, Arora M, Jain G, Shukla T. There is a Minimal Difference in Ankle Functional Outcomes After Peroneus Longus Harvest: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1993-1999. [PMID: 38009168 PMCID: PMC10673779 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Importance Recently, peroneus longus (PL) autograft as a graft choice for ligament surgeries have attracted interest due to studies showing good clinical outcomes and minimal donor site morbidity. There remain concerns related to these grafts, especially the potential impact on ankle functions. Aims/Objective The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to summarize the available evidence for ankle functional outcomes after PL harvest. This will provide objective clinical evidence for surgical decision making. Evidence Review Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar were all searched for articles published between January 2001 and May 2021. For the aim of a systematic review, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were adopted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. The primary outcome measure was the assessment of ankle functional outcomes using validated instruments (such as AOFAS score, FADI score etc.). Findings A total of twelve studies representing pooled patient populations of 537 patients were included in this review. The average follow-up duration was 17 months (range; 6-32 months) across all studies. All twelve studies assessed AOFAS score and six studies also additionally assessed FADI score. The pooled mean outcomes measured showed a slight decrease in post-operative as compared to pre-operative AOFAS and FADI score (mean difference of AOFAS 1.92, 95% CI 1.021-3.123, p value < 0.05 and mean difference for FADI 1.50, 95% CI 0.561-2.445, p value < 0.05). Though statistically significant the magnitude of variance implies minimal clinical impact. Conclusion and Relevance This review and meta-analysis found that PL autograft harvest leads to statistically significant but minimal impact on ankle functional outcomes. This, in conjunction with various studies on ankle parameters after PL harvest, shows that PL harvest leads to minimal impact on ankle outcomes and function. Level of Evidence Systematic review Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saoji
- Department of Orthopedics, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - M. Arora
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - G. Jain
- Orthopedics, GBH American Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - T. Shukla
- Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab India
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Midya V, Lane JM, Gennings C, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Wright RO, Arora M, Téllez-Rojo MM, Eggers S. Prenatal Pb exposure is associated with reduced abundance of beneficial gut microbial cliques in late childhood: an investigation using Microbial Co-occurrence Analysis (MiCA). medRxiv 2023:2023.05.18.23290127. [PMID: 37293091 PMCID: PMC10246125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.23290127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Many analytical methods used in gut microbiome research focus on either single bacterial taxa or the whole microbiome, ignoring multi-bacteria relationships (microbial cliques). We present a novel analytical approach to identify multiple bacterial taxa within the gut microbiome of children at 9-11 years associated with prenatal Pb exposure. Methods Data came from a subset of participants (n=123) in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort. Pb concentrations were measured in maternal whole blood from the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Stool samples collected at 9-11 years old underwent metagenomic sequencing to assess the gut microbiome. Using a novel analytical approach, Microbial Co-occurrence Analysis (MiCA), we paired a machine-learning algorithm with randomization-based inference to first identify microbial cliques that were predictive of prenatal Pb exposure and then estimate the association between prenatal Pb exposure and microbial clique abundance. Results With second-trimester Pb exposure, we identified a 2-taxa microbial clique that included Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Ruminococcus callidus, and a 3-taxa clique that added Prevotella clara. Increasing second-trimester Pb exposure was associated with significantly increased odds of having the 2-taxa microbial clique below the 50th percentile relative abundance (OR=1.03,95%CI[1.01-1.05]). In an analysis of Pb concentration at or above vs. below the United States and Mexico guidelines for child Pb exposure, odds of the 2-taxa clique in low abundance were 3.36(95%CI[1.32-8.51]) and 6.11(95%CI[1.87-19.93]), respectively. Trends were similar with the 3-taxa clique but not statistically significant. Discussion Using a novel combination of machine-learning and causal-inference, MiCA identified a significant association between second-trimester Pb exposure and reduced abundance of a probiotic microbial clique within the gut microbiome in late childhood. Pb exposure levels at the guidelines for child Pb poisoning in the United States, and Mexico are not sufficient to protect against the potential loss of probiotic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - C Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - L A Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - R O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - M M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - S Eggers
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Dwivedi S, Chandrashekar DS, Varambally S, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Aided by Curcumin-Laden Double-Headed Nanoparticles Combined with Injectable Long-Acting Insulin in a Rodent Model of Diabetes Eye Disease. ACS Nano 2023; 17:6857-6874. [PMID: 36951721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that counter emerging targets in diabetes eye diseases are lacking. We hypothesize that a combination therapy targeting inflammation and hyperglycemia can prevent diabetic eye diseases. Here, we report a multipronged approach to prevent diabetic cataracts and retinopathy by combining orally bioavailable curcumin-laden double-headed (two molecules of gambogic acid conjugated to terminal carboxyl groups of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanoparticles and injectable basal insulin. The combination treatment led to a significant delay in the progression of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy, improving liver function and peripheral glucose homeostasis. We found a concurrent reduction in lens aggregate protein, AGEs, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. Importantly, inhibition of Piezo1 protected against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular damage suggesting possible involvement of Piezo1 in the regulation of retinal phototransduction. Histologic evaluation of murine small intestines revealed that chronic administration of curcumin-laden double-headed nanoparticles was well tolerated, circumventing the fear of nanoparticle toxicity. These findings establish the potential of anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic combination therapy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - S Dwivedi
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D S Chandrashekar
- Genomic Diagnostics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - S Varambally
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - E M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, SEC 3448, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Gupta Y, Malik N, Goswami S, Arora M, Kundu A, Gupta S, Kapoor M, Suri V, Suri A, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. 4P FAT1: A novel modulator of autophagy in human glioblastoma. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Dhakate M, Goswami D, Goswami R, Saha S, Kandasamy D, Arora M. Bone mineral density, vertebral fractures and trabecular bone score in primary ovarian insufficiency. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02045-z. [PMID: 36848018 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone health in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is under-investigated. We assessed patients with spontaneous POI for vertebral fractures (VFs) and related parameters of bone health. METHODS 70 cases with spontaneous POI (age 32.5 ± 7.0 years) and an equal number of controls were assessed for BMD, TBS, and VFs. BMD at the lumbar-spine (L1-L4), left hip, non-dominant forearm, and TBS (iNsight software) were measured on a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine. VFs were assessed by Genant's classification. Serum FSH, LH, estradiol, T4, TSH, iPTH, serum 25(OH)D, total calcium, and inorganic phosphorus were measured. RESULTS BMD at the lumbar-spine, hip and forearm was reduced by 11.5%, 11.4% and 9.1% in POI as compared to controls (P < 0.001). Degraded or partially degraded microarchitecture on TBS was observed in 66.7% of patients and 38.2% of controls (P = 0.001). 15.7% of the POI patients had VFs, compared to 4.3% of controls (P = 0.045). Age, duration of amenorrhea and duration of HRT use were the significant predictors of TBS (P < 0.01). Serum 25(OH)D was the significant determinant of VFs. TBS abnormalities were higher in patients with POI and VFs. BMD was not significantly different in patients with and without VFs. CONCLUSION Thus, lumbar-spine osteoporosis, impaired TBS and VFs were present in 35.7%, 66.7% and 15.7% of patients with spontaneous POI in their early third decade. This indicates need for rigorous investigations for impaired bone health in these young patients and management with HRT, vitamin-D, and possible need for bisphosphonate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dhakate
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - D Goswami
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - R Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Saha
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - D Kandasamy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Dietetics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 110002, India
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Dhiman S, Rai B, Vamsi K, Gowda S, Anand D, Miriyala R, Arora M, Jain V, Ghoshal S. Hypofractionated Two Week Short-Course Radiotherapy vs. Monthly Single Fraction Palliative Pelvic Radiation in Advanced Gynecologic Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Bychkovska O, Egen C, Strøm V, Juocevicius A, Tederko P, Arora M, Rizzo Battistella L, Engkasan JP, Gemperli A. Barriers and Facilitators to Healthcare Service Access among Persons with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite having a high healthcare need, persons with complex conditions are less likely to receive comprehensive care. Individuals with SCI experience difficulties accessing services 2-4 times more than the general population. There is little agreement concerning the factors that influence these access restrictions. Few studies focus on health system impact on characteristics on access.
Objective
To outline barriers and facilitators to service access among persons with SCI across 22 countries in terms of health system characteristics
Methods
InSCI(2017): 1st community survey on experience of persons with SCI, 12591 participants, 22 countries (Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, USA).
Data analysis
1. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on Gower distance (to group systems by access restrictions: Acceptability, Approachability, Availability, Affordability, Appropriateness).
2. Generalized linear mixed-effects decision tree (to explore the association of system characteristics and access, including WHO and OECD system indicators (e.g. UHC index, expenditure, human resources). Missing values were imputed with missforest.
Results
12% of persons with SCI reported having an access restriction, most of them (7%) with Availability. By country, the highest unmet needs were reported in Poland (25%), Germany, Lithuania, and Romania (13).
1. Cluster analysis: 7 health systems clusters (groups) were identified.
2. By June 2022, we will have the results of the second analysis: the association of system characteristics with access and how it is modified by socio-demographic and medical factors.
Expected conclusions
The study identifies factors a country could modify in order to improve access and strengthen the system for persons with SCI/disability, that might be relevant to general population as well.
Key messages
• Persons with SCI often experience similar access restrictions across countries, incl. those with high-performing health systems. System strengthening in this area is further required in all countries.
• Health systems are fragmented, e.g. healthcare quality and access inside a country differs by region, urban/rural setting etc., hence, the systems are challenging to classify.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bychkovska
- Health Service Research Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Research, University of Lucerne , Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne , Lucerne, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Egen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - V Strøm
- Research Department, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital , Alværn, Norway
| | - A Juocevicius
- Department of Rehabilitation, Vilnius University , Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - P Tederko
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Arora
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - L Rizzo Battistella
- Department of Physical and Rehab Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - JP Engkasan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Universiti of Malaya , Malaya, Malaysia
| | - A Gemperli
- Health Service Research Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Research, University of Lucerne , Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne , Lucerne, Switzerland
- Center for Primary and Community Care, University of Lucerne , Lucerne, Switzerland
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Kadian LK, Arora M, Prasad CP, Pramanik R, Chauhan SS. Signaling pathways and their potential therapeutic utility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1014-1032. [PMID: 34990001 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a complex gastrointestinal malignancy with an extremely poor outcome. Approximately 80% of cases of this malignancy in Asian countries including India are of squamous cell origin, termed Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC).The five-year survival rate in ESCC patients is less than 20%. Neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgical resection remains the major therapeutic strategy for patients with operable ESCC. However, resistance to NACRT and local recurrence after initial treatment are the leading cause of dismal outcomes in these patients. Therefore, an alternative strategy to promote response to the therapy and reduce the post-operative disease recurrence is highly needed. At the molecular level, wide variations have been observed in tumor characteristics among different populations, nevertheless, several common molecular features have been identified which orchestrate disease progression and clinical outcome in the malignancy. Therefore, determination of candidate molecular pathways for targeted therapy remains the mainstream idea of focus in ESCC research. In this review, we have discussed the key signaling pathways associated with ESCC, i.e., Notch, Wnt, and Nrf2 pathways, and their crosstalk during disease progression. We further discuss the recent developments of novel agents to target these pathways in the context of targeted cancer therapy. In-depth research of the signaling pathways, gene signatures, and a combinatorial approach may help in discovering targeted therapy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - C P Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Beechinor R, Palumbo A, Chew H, Arora M. Erratum to ‘Reply to: Drug-drug interactions between palbociclib and proton pump inhibitors may significantly affect clinical outcome of metastatic breast cancer patients’. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100460. [PMID: 35306439 PMCID: PMC8933809 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Beechinor R, Palumbo A, Chew HK, Arora M. Reply to: Drug-drug interactions between palbociclib and proton pump inhibitors may significantly affect clinical outcome of metastatic breast cancer patients. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100393. [PMID: 35131650 PMCID: PMC8897179 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Beechinor
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA; University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, USA.
| | - A Palumbo
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, USA
| | - H K Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - M Arora
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
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Arora M, Nazar GP, Sharma N, Jain N, Davidson F, Mohan S, Mohan D, Ali MK, Mohan V, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Bauld L, Srinath Reddy K. COVID-19 and tobacco cessation: lessons from India. Public Health 2022; 202:93-99. [PMID: 34933205 PMCID: PMC8633921 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Government of India prohibited the sale of tobacco products during the COVID-19 lockdown to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study assessed the tobacco cessation behaviour and its predictors among adult tobacco users during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in India. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 801 adult tobacco users (both smoking and smokeless tobacco) in two urban metropolitan cities of India over a 2-month period (July to August 2020). The study assessed complete tobacco cessation and quit attempts during the lockdown period. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to study the correlates of tobacco cessation and quit attempts, respectively. RESULTS In total, 90 (11.3%) tobacco users reported that they had quit using tobacco after the COVID-19 lockdown period. Overall, a median of two quit attempts (interquartile range 0-6) was made by tobacco users. Participants with good knowledge on the harmful effects of tobacco use and COVID-19 were significantly more likely to quit tobacco use (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.0) and reported more quit attempts (incidence risk ratio 5.7; 95% CI 2.8-11.8) compared to those with poor knowledge. Participants who had access to tobacco products were less likely to quit tobacco use compared to those who had no access (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.5]. CONCLUSIONS Access restrictions and correct knowledge on the harmful effects of tobacco use and COVID-19 can play an important role in creating a conducive environment for tobacco cessation among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, India; Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India.
| | - G P Nazar
- HRIDAY, New Delhi, India; Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | | | - N Jain
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | - F Davidson
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Mohan
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - D Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - M K Ali
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - N Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - D Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - L Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Srinath Reddy
- Public Health Foundation of India, Haryana, New Delhi, India
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Farghali H, Kutinová Canová N, Arora M. The potential applications of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S715-S722. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a new dug is a very lengthy and highly expensive process since only preclinical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies include a multiple of in silico, in vitro, in vivo experimentations that traditionally last several years. In the present review, we briefly report some examples that demonstrate the power of the computer-assisted drug discovery process with some examples that are published and revealing the successful applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on this vivid area. Besides, we address the situation of drug repositioning (repurposing) in clinical applications. Yet few success stories in this regard that provide us with a clear evidence that AI will reveal its great potential in accelerating effective new drug finding. AI accelerates drug repurposing and AI approaches are altogether necessary and inevitable tools in new medicine development. In spite of the fact that AI in drug development is still in its infancy, the advancements in AI and machine-learning (ML) algorithms have an unprecedented potential. The AI/ML solutions driven by pharmaceutical scientists, computer scientists, statisticians, physicians and others are increasingly working together in the processes of drug development and are adopting AI-based technologies for the rapid discovery of medicines. AI approaches, coupled with big data, are expected to substantially improve the effectiveness of drug repurposing and finding new drugs for various complex human diseases.
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Farghali H, Kutinová Canová N, Arora M. The potential applications of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a new dug is a very lengthy and highly expensive process since only preclinical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies include a multiple of in silico, in vitro, in vivo experimentations that traditionally last several years. In the present review, we briefly report some examples that demonstrate the power of the computer-assisted drug discovery process with some examples that are published and revealing the successful applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on this vivid area. Besides, we address the situation of drug repositioning (repurposing) in clinical applications. Yet few success stories in this regard that provide us with a clear evidence that AI will reveal its great potential in accelerating effective new drug finding. AI accelerates drug repurposing and AI approaches are altogether necessary and inevitable tools in new medicine development. In spite of the fact that AI in drug development is still in its infancy, the advancements in AI and machine-learning (ML) algorithms have an unprecedented potential. The AI/ML solutions driven by pharmaceutical scientists, computer scientists, statisticians, physicians and others are increasingly working together in the processes of drug development and are adopting AI-based technologies for the rapid discovery of medicines. AI approaches, coupled with big data, are expected to substantially improve the effectiveness of drug repurposing and finding new drugs for various complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Kutinová Canová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Arora M, Choudhary S, Silakari O. In silico guided designing of 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol-based mutual-prodrugs of NSAIDs: synthesis and biological evaluation. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:761-784. [PMID: 32867537 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1810117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The free COOH group of conventional NSAIDs is a structural feature for non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and the molecular cause of their gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. In this context, an in house database of synthesizable ester prodrugs of some well-known NSAIDs was developed by combining their -COOH group with -OH of a newly identified antioxidant 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (BZ). The antioxidant potential of BZ was unveiled through in silico PASS prediction and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. The in house database of NSAIDs-BZ prodrugs was first subjected to screening with our previously reported pharmacophore models of hCES1 (AAHRR.430) and hCES2 (AHHR.21) for determining hydrolytic susceptibility. Biotransformation behaviour of screened prodrugs was then assessed by using QM/MM and sterimol parameterization, followed by ADMET calculations to predict the drug likeness. On the basis of in silico results, five prodrugs were duly synthesized and the best three were subject to the in vivo evaluation for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant activities, and ulcerogenic index. Among these prodrugs, BN2 and BN5 displayed better anti-inflammatory and analgesics potential in comparison to their parent drugs. All the prodrugs were found to be gastro sparing in the rat model and significantly improved the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in both blood plasma as well as gastric homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University , Patiala, India
| | - S Choudhary
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University , Patiala, India
| | - O Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University , Patiala, India
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Lepiz MA, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Pflugfelder SC, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic anti-inflammatory therapy aided by double-headed nanoparticles in a canine model of acute intraocular inflammation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb7878. [PMID: 32923645 PMCID: PMC7449680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel approaches circumventing blood-ocular barriers in systemic drug delivery are lacking. We hypothesize receptor-mediated delivery of curcumin (CUR) across intestinal and ocular barriers leads to decreased inflammation in a model of lens-induced uveitis. CUR was encapsulated in double-headed polyester nanoparticles using gambogic acid (GA)-coupled polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA). Orally administered PLGA-GA2-CUR led to notable aqueous humor CUR levels and was dosed (10 mg/kg twice daily) to adult male beagles (n = 8 eyes) with induced ocular inflammation. Eyes were evaluated using a semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS) and compared to commercial anti-inflammatory treatment (oral carprofen 2.2 mg/kg twice daily) (n = 8) and untreated controls (n = 8). PLGA-GA2-CUR offered improved protection compared with untreated controls and similar protection compared with carprofen, with reduced aqueous flare, miosis, and chemosis in the acute phase (<4 hours). This study highlights the potential of PLGA-GA2 nanoparticles for systemic drug delivery across ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M. A. Lepiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y. Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. K. Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S. C. Pflugfelder
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E. M. Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
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Abstract
AbstractAlthough atypical antipsychotics are widely used during pregnancy, their safety is not well established. This case highlights the possible teratogenic effect of olanzapine, in which the baby was born with meningocele and ankyloblepharon. It is suggested that olanzapine may interfere with embryonic development at different stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- Central Institute of Psychiatry, Knake, Jharkhand, India.
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Abstract
Advanced drug delivery technologies, in general, enable drug reformulation and administration routes, together contributing to life-cycle management and allowing the innovator to maintain the product monopoly. Over the years, there has been a steady shift from mere life-cycle management to drug repurposing-applying delivery technologies to tackle solubility and permeability issues in early stages or safety and efficacy issues in the late stages of drug discovery processes. While the drug and the disease in question primarily drive the choice of route of administration, the oral route, for its compliance and safety attributes, is the most preferred route, particularly when it comes to chronic conditions, including pain, which is not considered a disease but a symptom of a primary cause. Therefore, the attempt of this review is to take a stock of the advances in oral delivery technologies that are applicable for injectable to oral transformation, improve risk-benefit profiles of existing orals, and apply them in the early discovery program to minimize the drug attrition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Arora M, Ganugula R, Kumar N, Kaur G, Pellois JP, Garg P, Kumar MNVR. Next-Generation Noncompetitive Nanosystems Based on Gambogic Acid: In silico Identification of Transferrin Receptor Binding Sites, Regulatory Shelf Stability, and Their Preliminary Safety in Healthy Rodents. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:3540-3550. [PMID: 31440745 PMCID: PMC6705617 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in drug delivery is to enhance the transport of drugs across biological barriers, such as the small intestine, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-retinal/ocular barrier, and to effectively reach the site of action while minimizing the systemic impact. In recent years, piggybacking cell surface receptors have been considered a viable strategy for active drug delivery across the biological barriers. However, the ligands used to target drugs to plasma membrane receptors often have to compete against endogenous ligands, thereby limiting their binding to the cell surface and their transport across barriers. To address this problem, gambogic acid (GA) was identified as a noncompetitive ligand specific to the transferrin receptor (TfR), a receptor present on various barriers. However, the binding sites of the GA on TfR remain unknown, an essential step toward establishing structure-activity relationships. In silico binding site prediction tools, blind docking, and molecular docking simulation confirm that the GA binding site on the TfR is independent of the transferrin-bound iron binding sites. The GA-conjugated polyesters were processed into nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery applications that possess excellent storage stability under regulatory conditions. Traditionally, GA has been used as an anticancer compound that warrants safety assessment. The preliminary studies in healthy rodents on 10-repeated oral doses show no adverse effects. This work will generate paradigm shifting, new knowledge in the field of nanomedicines using unique noncompetitive nanosystems that do not compete with endogenous transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arora
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - R. Ganugula
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - N. Kumar
- ‡ Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - G. Kaur
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - J.-P. Pellois
- § Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - P. Garg
- ‡ Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Arora M, Prasad A, Kulshreshtha R, Baijal A. Significance of third trimester ultrasound in detecting congenital abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract-a prospective study. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:334-340. [PMID: 31031163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal hydronephrosis is defined as dilatation of the renal pelvis with or without dilatation of calyces in the developing fetus. Although second trimester scan is more sensitive in detecting congenital abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), it has been suggested that the third trimester scan is more predictive of postnatal outcome. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the incidence of antenatal hydronephrosis at our institution and the significance of third trimester scan in detecting CAKUT postnatally. STUDY DESIGN It is a prospective observational study. During the 3-year study period from June 2013 to May 2016, all cases of antenatal hydronephrosis, defined as renal pelvic diameter (RPD) ≥4 mm in the second trimester and ≥7 mm in the third trimester scan, diagnosed in the fetal medicine unit of our hospital, were included and were followed up postnatally for 6 months. RESULTS In the fetal medicine unit, 32,443 women were screened for anomalies, and hydronephrosis was detected in 269 cases. Incidence of antenatal hydronephrosis was observed to be 0.83% in our institution. In second trimester scan, of 80 cases with the left hydronephrosis, only 22 (27.5%) had postnatal CAKUT and of 70 cases with the right hydronephrosis, 18 (25.7%) had CAKUT. In the third trimester scan, it was observed that with RPD >10 mm, on the left side hydronephrosis, 87% had CAKUT on postnatal scan, and 85% with the right hydronephrosis had CAKUT. CONCLUSION Sixty percent cases of hydronephrosis detected in the second trimester scan resolve in utero. In the third trimester scan with RPD <10 mm, the possibility of postnatal CAKUT is 23%, whereas if RPD is > 10 mm, then the possibility of postnatal CAKUT is 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- Pediatric Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Prasad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - R Kulshreshtha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Baijal
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
We demonstrate a novel strategy to engineer double-headed nanosystems by chemical modification of the carboxyl terminal polyester with a linker that offers tripodal arrangement of ligands on the particle surfaces. The in vivo results suggest that the bioavailability of encapsulated curcumin is proportional to the ligand density rendered by double-headed nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Ganugula R, Deng M, Arora M, Pan HL, Kumar MNVR. Polyester Nanoparticle Encapsulation Mitigates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1801-1812. [PMID: 30609902 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy utilizing cytotoxic drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX), is still a commonly used therapeutic approach to treat both localized and metastasized cancers. Unlike traditional regimens in which PTX is administered at the maximum tolerated dose, alternative regimens like metronomic dosing are beneficial by administering PTX more frequently and in much lower doses exploiting antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. However, PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy and lack of patient compliant dosage forms of PTX are major roadblocks for the successful implementation of metronomic regimens. Because of the success of polyester nanoparticle drug delivery, we explored the potential of nanoparticle-encapsulated paclitaxel (nPTX) in alleviating peripheral neuropathy using a rat model. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg body weight of PTX or nPTX on four alternate days, and neuropathic pain and neuronal damage were characterized using behavioral assessments, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The reduction in tactile and nociceptive pressure thresholds was significantly less in nPTX-treated rats than in PTX-treated rats over a 16-day study period. Histological analysis showed that the degree of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) degeneration and reduction in motor neurons in the spinal cord was significantly lower in the nPTX group than the PTX group. Further, immunofluorescence data reveals that nPTX-treated rats had an increased density of a neuronal marker, β-tubulin-III, reduced TUNEL positive cells, and increased high molecular weight neurofilament in the spinal cord, DRG, and sciatic nerves compared with PTX-treated rats. Therefore, this work has important implications in improving risk-benefit profile of PTX, paving the way for metronomic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - M. Deng
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - M. Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - H.-L. Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mail Stop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Arora M, Sadek AR, Nader-Sepahi A. P86 Surgical management of spinal cavernous malformations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesEvaluation of the presentation, demographics, pathology and outcomes associated with the surgical management of spinal cavernous malformations [sCM].DesignA retrospective single-centre case series of surgically managed cavernous malformations over a 3 year period.SubjectsTen patients were identified to have a diagnosis of sCM.MethodsCases were identified from electronic and theatre records at a single centre. All patients underwent pre-operative assessment and radiographic evaluation.Results10 patients with a mean age of 52.6 years [SD ±14.1] and a male to female ratio of 1:1 with a mean follow-up of 14.1 months [SD ±7.9] were identified. Spinal CM spanned two vertebral levels in 9 out 10 cases with 3 cervical, 1 cervico-thoracic and 6 within the thoracic region. Duration of the symptoms prior to surgical intervention was 17 months [SD ±24], with three cases presenting with an acute [<2 week] history. Of those that underwent surgery [n=7] pain [85%, n=6], sensory/motor changes [85% n=6] and sphincteric disturbance [43%, n=3] were the commonest presenting signs and symptoms. Acute haemorrhage was a presenting factor in 3 cases. Post-operatively motor and sensory scores improved in 4 patients, 2 patients remained unchanged and 1 patient was worse. Recent haemorrhage was associated with increased likelihood in improvement in motor scores following resection.ConclusionsIn selected cases surgical management of sCM is associated with improvement in motor and sensory function postoperatively.
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Bateni SB, Arora M, Daly ME, Bold RJ, Canter RJ, Sauder CA. Abstract P6-19-03: The role of lumpectomy and radiation therapy in men 70 years of age and older with early breast cancer on hormone therapy: A NCDB analysis. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-19-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Current consensus guidelines for the treatment of male breast cancer are driven by female-only clinical trials despite data suggesting distinct biologic, clinicopathologic, and prognostic differences between male and female breast cancer patients. This includes a recent retrospective multicenter analysis showing greater overall survival among male breast cancer patients who underwent lumpectomy with radiation therapy (RT), compared to total mastectomy or lumpectomy alone. In light of these findings and the CALGB 9343 trial performed in women, we sought to evaluate if survival was also equivalent in men ≥70 years old with early stage breast cancer treated with hormone therapy and lumpectomy with or without radiation therapy (RT), as shown in women.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 752 stage I (T1N0M0), estrogen receptor (ER) positive male breast cancer patients ≥70 years of age who were treated with hormone therapy and underwent lumpectomy with or without RT or total mastectomy (without RT) from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between the years 2004 to 2014. Chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and analysis of variance tests were used to compare demographic and clinicopathologic differences between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare overall survival between treatment groups, controlling for demographic and clinicopathologic differences.
Results: Most patients underwent total mastectomy (67.4%), with only 32.6% treated with lumpectomy. Of those who underwent lumpectomy, 72.6% (n=178) underwent adjuvant RT. There were significant differences in age, tumor size, histology, grade, surgical margins, nodal surgery, and chemotherapy between patients who underwent lumpectomy without RT, lumpectomy with RT, and total mastectomy (p<0.05). Lumpectomy without RT patients were older (78.9 vs. 76.0 & 76.9 years, p<0.01), more frequently presented with invasive ductal carcinoma (77.6% vs. 71.3% & 85.4%, p<0.0001), and less frequently underwent axillary nodal surgery including sentinel lymph node biopsy (71.7% vs. 91.6% & 94.9%, p<0.0001) compared to lumpectomy with RT and total mastectomy patients. In multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences in overall survival for lumpectomy without RT, lumpectomy with RT (HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.39-1.27, p=0.25), and total mastectomy alone (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.55-1.56, p=0.76). Older age, higher Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores, and poorly differentiated tumors were associated with poorer overall survival, while treatment at an academic/research center was associated with improved overall survival (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this national sample of elderly ER positive male breast cancer patients with early disease on hormone therapy, lumpectomy alone was associated with equivalent survival compared to lumpectomy with RT and total mastectomy alone. These results suggest that breast conserving surgery without radiation therapy is appropriate for this subset of male breast cancer patients and greater adoption by breast surgeons should be considered.
Citation Format: Bateni SB, Arora M, Daly ME, Bold RJ, Canter RJ, Sauder CA. The role of lumpectomy and radiation therapy in men 70 years of age and older with early breast cancer on hormone therapy: A NCDB analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-19-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- SB Bateni
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - M Arora
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - ME Daly
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - RJ Bold
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - RJ Canter
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - CA Sauder
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
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Dettrick D, Costelloe J, Arora M, Yuen S. A comparison of measured and predicted diffusion coefficients applied to sand and silt sized acid mine drainage materials. J Environ Manage 2019; 231:1106-1116. [PMID: 30602235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determining the rate at which Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) sulfide oxidation occurs in mining waste products is a central requirement for safe and sustainable long term design of storages, including tails storage facilities, ore stockpiles and waste rock dumps. Inappropriate design can result in AMD acidification, mobilisation of heavy metals and pollution of ground and surface waters. The use of soil gas (oxygen) transport modelling to model AMD based sulfide oxidation and potential acidity loads is widespread, but diffusion coefficients used for modelling are based on existing diffusion coefficient models derived for natural and agricultural soils. Mining wastes are often well sorted due to mineral processing, and differences in soil structure and porosity can impact on diffusion coefficient behaviour compared to natural soils. This study compares a variety of approaches to estimate the diffusion coefficient and compare these results to measured values for comparison and analysis. A diffusion column apparatus is used to compare diffusion coefficient models from the literature with test results from the laboratory in several mining derived AMD materials. The results of the comparison indicate that laboratory testing of diffusion provides more accurate estimation of soil gas diffusion coefficients in mine materials. The use of diffusion coefficient safety factor approaches are explored as possible alternatives, if measurement of mine material matrix soil gas diffusion coefficient is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dettrick
- University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, 3010, Victoria, Australia; Earth Systems, 14 Church St, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia.
| | - J Costelloe
- University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Arora
- University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Yuen
- University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Rawal T, Bhaumik S, Bhagra A, Bhagra S, Arora M. PO550 Project I-Promise: Development of a Comprehensive Module to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Among School Children Using a Theory Based Model. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Arora M, Mathur C, Rawal T, Bassi S, Lakshmy R, Nazar G, Gupta V, Park M, Kinra S. Socioeconomic differences in prevalence of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases among urban youth in Delhi, India. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:33-39. [PMID: 30155404 PMCID: PMC6111063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the distribution of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among children and youth in urban India vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of students enrolled in the 2nd and 11th grades in 19 randomly selected schools in Delhi (N = 1329) in 2014-15. Mixed-effect regression models were used to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among private (higher SES) and government (lower SES) school students. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade we found the percentage of overweight (13.16% vs. 3.1%, p value < 0.01) and obese (8.7% vs. 0.3%, p value < 0.01) students was significantly higher among private relative to government school students. Similarly, significantly higher percentage of private school students had higher waist circumference values (7.72% vs. 0.58%, p value < 0.01) than government school students. Furthermore, similar trend was observed across schools in the distribution of other NCD risk factors: raised blood pressure, raised total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. Surprisingly, despite a higher prevalence of all risk factors, significantly higher percentage of private school students had adequate/ideal levels of high-density lipoprotein. Overall, the risk profile of private school students suggests they are more vulnerable to future NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arora
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - C. Mathur
- Indian Institute of Health Management and Research University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302029, India
| | - T. Rawal
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - S. Bassi
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - R. Lakshmy
- Department of Bio-chemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - G.P. Nazar
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - V.K. Gupta
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - M.H. Park
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - S. Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Arora M. Conflict of interest (COI) and governance in the era of sustainable development goals. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon (Haryana), India
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Irgens I, Rekand T, Arora M, Liu N, Marshall R, Biering- Sørensen F, Alexander M. Telehealth for people with spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Spinal Cord 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41393-017-0033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shkir M, Irfan A, AlFaify S, Ganesh V, Arora M, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG, Yahia I. Key optoelectronic properties of Diiodo-bis(carbamide)-zinc(II): An experimental and computational investigation. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chhabra HS, Sharma S, Arora M. Challenges in comprehensive management of spinal cord injury in India and in the Asian Spinal Cord network region: findings of a survey of experts, patients and consumers. Spinal Cord 2017; 56:71-77. [PMID: 28895578 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Online survey. OBJECTIVES To understand the prevailing scenario of the comprehensive management of spinal cord injuries (SCI) in India and in the Asian Spinal Cord Network (ASCoN) region, especially with a view to document the challenges faced and its impact. SETTING Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. METHODS A questionnaire was designed which covered various aspects of SCI management. Patients, consumers (spinal injured patients discharged since at least 1 year) and experts in SCI management from different parts of India and the ASCoN region were approached to complete the survey. RESULTS Sixty patients, 66 consumers and 34 experts completed the survey. Difference of opinion was noticed among the three groups. Disposable Nelaton catheters were used by 57% consumers and 47% patients. For reusable catheter, 31% experts recommended processing with soap and running water and 45% recommended clean cotton cloth bag for storage. Pre-hospital care and community inclusion pose the biggest challenges in management of SCI. More than 75% of SCI faced problems of access and mobility in the community. Awareness about SCI, illiteracy and inadequate patient education are the most important factors hindering pre- and in-hospital care. Inadequate physical as well as vocational rehabilitation and financial barriers are thought to be the major factors hindering integration of spinal injured into mainstream society. Strong family support helped in rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Our study brought out that SCI in India and ASCoN region face numerous challenges that affect access to almost all aspects of comprehensive management of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chhabra
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Research Department, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - M Arora
- Research Department, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India.,John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Sydney Medical School - Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lazaryan A, Arora M. Evolving concepts in prognostic scoring of chronic GvHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1361-1366. [PMID: 28346419 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) remains one of the most complex and challenging complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Emerging knowledge about the clinical manifestations and associated organ involvement of cGvHD has led to the establishment of prognostic parameters for post-transplant survival among affected allograft recipients. Studies employing the pre-National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus data on cGvHD incidence and its risks have led to development of the CIBMTR's cGvHD risk stratification, which serves as the most refined and validated prognostic tool for estimating survival of patients with cGvHD. However, cGvHD global severity scoring has recently evolved as a powerful prognostic tool for patient survival in the post-NIH consensus era. Current use of the substantially redefined NIH criteria of cGvHD diagnosis and measurements of its severity makes it challenging to interpret prognostic scoring systems generated in the pre-NIH era. Some of the pre-NIH prognostic parameters, however, appear to retain their significance in predicting survival independently from the NIH global severity score. Thus, future analyses of prospective cohorts of patients with cGvHD defined by NIH consensus criteria will be critical in reconciling and integrating various prognostic scoring systems of cGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lazaryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Arora
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abstract
The development of a suitable technology for the production of probiotics is a key research for industrial production, which should take into account the viability and the stability of the organisms involved. Microbial criteria, stress tolerance during processing, and storage of the product constitute the basis for the production of probiotics. Generally, the bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been used as probiotics. Based on their positive qualities, probiotic bacteria are widely used in the production of food. Interest in the incorporation of the probiotic bacteria into other products apart from dairy products has been increasing and represents a great challenge. The recognition of dose delivery systems for probiotic bacteria has also resulted in research efforts aimed at developing probiotic food outside the dairy sector. Producing probiotic juices has been considered more in the recent years, due to an increased concern in personal health of consumers. This review focuses on probiotics, prebiotics, and the microencapsulation of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveleen Kaur Sarao
- a Department of Microbiology , College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - M Arora
- a Department of Microbiology , College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
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Shkir M, Patil PS, Arora M, AlFaify S, Algarni H. An experimental and theoretical study on a novel donor-π-acceptor bridge type 2, 4, 5-trimethoxy-4'-chlorochalcone for optoelectronic applications: A dual approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 173:445-456. [PMID: 27710809 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article the authors aim is to investigate and analyze the various key parameters of an organic D-π-A type novel nonlinear optical material 2, 4, 5-trimethoxy-4'-chlorochalcone (2,4,5TMCC) through experimental and quantum chemical studies. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction mechanism was applied to synthesize the 2,4,5TMCC compound and its single crystal was grown by a slow evaporation solution growth (low cost) technique. The crystal structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The robust vibrational study has been done using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra and its NLO activity was discussed. The factor group analysis was also performed. The optical absorption spectrum was recorded and the band gap was calculated to be 2.8eV. In photoluminescence spectrum, an intense emission band at ~540nm has been observed which shows that the grown crystals can be used in green organic light emitting diodes and laser applications. To achieve the stable ground state molecular geometry of 2,4,5TMCC, the computational techniques were applied at different levels of theory using 6-31G* basis set. The calculated geometrical parameters and vibrational spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. To probe the optical properties of the title compound the time dependent density functional theory was applied. The excitation wavelength was observed at ~398.63nm calculated at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory and found close to experimental value (i.e. 396nm). The static first hyperpolarizability value is found to be 136 times higher than prototype urea molecule. Additionally, the molecular level approach was attained as HOMO-LUMO gap and electrostatic potential maps. The DSC study reveals that the titled material is stable up to 149°C. The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties suggest that the titled material could be a better choice for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shkir
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box. 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P S Patil
- Department of Physics, K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Opposite Airport, Gokul, Hubballi 580 030, India
| | - M Arora
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S AlFaify
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box. 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Algarni
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box. 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Saini P, Arora M, Kumar MR. Poly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:47-59. [PMID: 27374458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has become a "material of choice" in biomedical applications for its ability to fulfill complex needs that typically include properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and processability. Despite the advantages of pure PLA in a wider spectrum of applications, it is limited by its hydrophobicity, low impact toughness, and slow degradation rate. Blending PLA with other polymers offers a convenient option to enhance its properties or generate novel properties for target applications without the need to develop new materials. PLA blends with different natural and synthetic polymers have been developed by solvent and melt blending techniques and further processed based on end-use applications. A variety of PLA blends has been explored for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures, and tissue engineering. This review discusses the opportunities for PLA blends in the biomedical arena, including the overview of blending and postblend processing techniques and the applications of PLA blends currently in use and under development.
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Chen YB, Wang T, Hemmer MT, Brady C, Couriel DR, Alousi A, Pidala J, Urbano-Ispizua A, Choi SW, Nishihori T, Teshima T, Inamoto Y, Wirk B, Marks DI, Abdel-Azim H, Lehmann L, Yu L, Bitan M, Cairo MS, Qayed M, Salit R, Gale RP, Martino R, Jaglowski S, Bajel A, Savani B, Frangoul H, Lewis ID, Storek J, Askar M, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Aljurf M, Ringden O, Reshef R, Olsson RF, Hashmi S, Seo S, Spitzer TR, MacMillan ML, Lazaryan A, Spellman SR, Arora M, Cutler CS. GvHD after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute leukemia: an analysis of risk factors and effect on outcomes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:400-408. [PMID: 27941764 PMCID: PMC5332289 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) registry, we analyzed 1,404 UCBT patients [single (< 18 years) = 810, double (≥ 18 years) = 594] with acute leukemia to define the incidence of acute and chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), analyze clinical risk factors and investigate outcomes. After single UCBT, 100-day incidence of grades II–IV aGVHD was 39% (95% CI, 36–43%), grades III–IV aGVHD was 18% (95% CI, 15–20%), and 1-year cGVHD was 27% (95% CI, 24–30%). After double UCBT, 100-day incidence of grades II–IV aGVHD was 45% (95% CI, 41%–49%), grades III–IV aGVHD was 22% (95% CI, 19–26%), and 1-year cGVHD was 26% (95% CI, 22–29%). For single UCBT, multivariate analysis showed that absence of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was associated with aGVHD, whereas prior aGVHD was associated with cGVHD. For double UCBT, absence of ATG and myeloablative conditioning were associated with aGVHD, while prior aGVHD predicted for cGVHD. Grades III–IV aGVHD led to worse survival whereas cGVHD had no significant effect on disease-free or overall survival. GVHD is prevalent after UCBT with severe aGVHD leading to higher mortality. Future research in UCBT should prioritize prevention of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-B Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M T Hemmer
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Brady
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D R Couriel
- Utah Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Adults, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Alousi
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Pidala
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A Urbano-Ispizua
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS and Institute of Research Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S W Choi
- The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Nishihori
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - T Teshima
- Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Inamoto
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Wirk
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D I Marks
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - H Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Lehmann
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and HSCT, The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital/Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Bitan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M S Cairo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - M Qayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Australia
| | - R Salit
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R P Gale
- Hematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Martino
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jaglowski
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Bajel
- Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Savani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H Frangoul
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - I D Lewis
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Storek
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Askar
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Mofitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Aljurf
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital Center and Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Ringden
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research Sormland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R F Olsson
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research Sormland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Hashmi
- Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Seo
- National Cancer Research Center, East Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - T R Spitzer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L MacMillan
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Lazaryan
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Arora
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C S Cutler
- Center for Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Arora M, Harvey LA, Chhabra HS, Sharawat R, Glinsky JV, Cameron ID. The reliability of measuring wound undermining in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:304-306. [PMID: 27401125 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of measuring wound undermining in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). STUDY DESIGN A psychometric study. SETTING The study was conducted at the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS Thirty people with a complete or incomplete SCI and a pressure ulcer with wound undermining were recruited. METHODS Wound undermining was measured using the four cardinal points from a clock face (with 12 O'clock defined as towards the head). Inter-rater reliability was tested by comparing the wound undermining scores from two different assessors. Intra-rater reliability was tested by comparing the wound undermining scores from the same assessor on two different days. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval) for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were 0.996 (0.992-0.999) and 0.998 (0.996-0.999), respectively. Repeat measurements by the same and different assessor were within 0.3 cm of each other, 80% and 83% of the time, respectively. CONCLUSION Measurements of wound undermining have excellent reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arora
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L A Harvey
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H S Chhabra
- Department of Spine Services, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sharawat
- Department of Spine Services, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - J V Glinsky
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I D Cameron
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Modabbernia A, Velthorst E, Gennings C, De Haan L, Austin C, Sutterland A, Mollon J, Frangou S, Wright R, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Early-life metal exposure and schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study using novel tooth-matrix biomarkers. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:1-6. [PMID: 27311101 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear due to methodological limitations. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods and to explore the association between early-life metal exposure and adult schizophrenia. METHODS We analyzed childhood-shed teeth from nine individuals with schizophrenia and five healthy controls. We investigated the association between exposure to lead (Pb(2+)), manganese (Mn(2+)), cadmium (Cd(2+)), copper (Cu(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)), and zinc (Zn(2+)), and schizophrenia, psychotic experiences, and intelligence quotient (IQ). We reconstructed the dose and timing of early-life metal exposures using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found higher early-life Pb(2+) exposure among patients with schizophrenia than controls. The differences in log Mn(2+) and log Cu(2+) changed relatively linearly over time to postnatal negative values. There was a positive correlation between early-life Pb(2+) levels and psychotic experiences in adulthood. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between Pb(2+) levels and adult IQ. CONCLUSIONS In our proof-of-concept study, using tooth-matrix biomarker that provides direct measurement of exposure in the fetus and newborn, we provide support for the role of metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Modabbernia
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
| | - E Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Gennings
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - L De Haan
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Austin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - A Sutterland
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mollon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Psychosis Research Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - R Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - M Arora
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - A Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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França K, Hercogovấ J, Fioranelli M, Gianfaldoni S, Chokoeva AA, Tchernev G, Wollina U, Tirant M, Bayer P, Coburn M, Anderson P, Donnelly B, Kennedy T, Gaibor J, Arora M, Clews L, Novotny F, Roccia MG, Maximov GK, Lotti T. Investigation of the efficacy and tolerability of Dr Michaels® (also branded as Eczitinex® and Itchinex Eczitinex®) topical products in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:55-63. [PMID: 27498659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic eczema is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder, characterized clinically by intensely pruritic eczematous skin lesions and a defective epidermal barrier. It affects more than 15% of children and up to 10%of adults, which makes the disease a social health problem still without a challenging treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Dr Michaels® (Eczitinex®) topical product family in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. We studied a group of 30 patients (17 female, 13 male), aged 5 to 13 (mean age: 9), affected by atopic dermatitis since they were newborn. All patients had been unsuccessfully treated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies and ceased treatment 2 weeks before commencing research. The patients were treated with Dr Michaels® (Eczitinex® and Itchinex®) product family including a moisturising bar, topical ointment and PSC 900 oral herbal formulation. The treatment was evaluated clinically and photographically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks. Twenty-eight patients showed a significant improvement of cutaneous rashes and pruritus on the first week of treatment, with a complete remission at 10-12 weeks. Only two patients, brother and sister respectively, showed a slow response to treatment and reported an increasing itching. Following 14 weeks of treatment with the Dr Michaels® (Eczitinex® and Itchinex®) product family, patients demonstrated complete resolution of their AD. All patients showed a marked improvement in their condition within 3 days of treatment with most of the lesions and symptoms totally resolved within 10 to 12 weeks of treatment with Dr Michaels® (Eczitinex® and Itchinex®) family of products. This clinical report highlights that the Dr Michaels® (Eczitinex® and Itchinex®) product family is a safe and effective treatment option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K França
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centro Studi per la Ricerca Multidisciplinare e Rigenerativa, Università Degli Studi "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy
| | - J Hercogovấ
- 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Bulovka Hospital, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Fioranelli
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Sub-nuclear and Radiation, G. Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gianfaldoni
- Dermatological Department University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A A Chokoeva
- Onkoderma-Policlinic for dermatology and dermatologic surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria; 7 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical faculty, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - G Tchernev
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Tirant
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Bayer
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Coburn
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Anderson
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Donnelly
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Kennedy
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Gaibor
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Arora
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Clews
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Novotny
- PRO SANUM Ltd, Sanatorium of Prof. Novotný, Štěpánská Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M G Roccia
- University B.I.S. Group of Institutions, Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India
| | - G K Maximov
- Department Medicinal Information and Non-interventional studies, Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Lotti
- Chair of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi Rome, Italy
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Wollina U, Tirant M, Bayer P, Coburn M, Anderson P, Donnelly B, Kennedy T, Gaibor J, Arora M, Clews L, Walmsley S, Hercogovấ J, Fioranelli M, Gianfaldoni S, Chokoeva AA, Tchernev G, Novotny F, Roccia MG, Maximov GK, França K, Lotti T. Successful treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris with Dr Michaels® (also branded as Zitinex®) topical products family: a clinical trial. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:49-54. [PMID: 27498658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is an epidemic inflammatory skin disease of multi-factorial origin, frequently seen in adolescents and often persisting or occurring through to adulthood. Acne vulgaris is a nearly universal skin disease afflicting 79-95% of the adolescent population in westernized societies and is a significant cause of psychological morbidity in affected patients. Despite the various treatment options available for acne, there is still a need for a safe and effective option. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of Dr Michaels® (Zitinex®) product family in the treatment of papulo-pustular acne. 25 patients (17 female/8 male), aged 15-22, with a mild to moderate papulo-pustular acne, localized on the face and on the trunk, were included in this study. None of the patients had used any other kind of treatment in the 3 months prior to commencing this study. All of the patients were treated with Dr Michaels® (Zitinex®) facial exfoliating cleanser, activator formula, a cream, PSC 200 and PSC 900 oral supplements. Application time of Dr Michaels® (Zitinex®) products was 12 weeks. The treatment was been evaluated clinically at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. All of the patients showed an improvement in all parameters of their acne (comedones, papules, pustules, hyperpigmentation and scars). The acne lesions and erythema had mostly resolved. The hyperpigmentation and pitted scarring had significantly reduced also, with the skin appearing smoother. The treatment was well tolerated and no side effects have been described. Our study demonstrates that the Dr Michaels® (Zitinex®) facial exfoliating cleanser, activator formula, cream and oral supplements PSC 200 and PSC 900 are an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of moderately severe acne vulgaris. Moreover, it highlights the safety profile of the Dr Michaels® (Zitinex®) product family in a case of acne compared to traditional first-line treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Tirant
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Bayer
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Coburn
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Anderson
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Donnelly
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Kennedy
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Gaibor
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Arora
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Clews
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Walmsley
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Hercogovấ
- 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Bulovka Hospital, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Fioranelli
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Sub-nuclear and Radiation, G. Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gianfaldoni
- Dermatological Department University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A A Chokoeva
- Onkoderma- Policlinic for dermatology and dermatologic surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical faculty, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - G Tchernev
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F Novotny
- PRO SANUM Ltd., Sanatorium of Prof. Novotný, Štěpánská Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M G Roccia
- University B.I.S. Group of Institutions, Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India
| | - G K Maximov
- Department Medicinal Information and Non-interventional studies, Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K França
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centro Studi per la Ricerca Multidisciplinare e Rigenerativa, Università Degli Studi "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy
| | - T Lotti
- Chair of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi Rome, Italy
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Hercogovấ J, Tirant M, Bayer P, Coburn M, Donnelly B, Kennedy T, Gaibor J, Arora M, Clews L, Fioranelli M, Gianfaldoni S, Chokoeva AA, Tchernev G, Wollina U, Novotny F, Roccia MG, Maximov GK, França K, Lotti T. Successful treatment of recalcitrant candidal intertrigo with Dr Michaels® (Fungatinex®) product family. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:89-93. [PMID: 27498664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Candidal intertrigo is an infection of the skin caused by Candida albicans that typically occurs in opposing cutaneous or muco-cutaneous surfaces. Because Candidiasis requires a damaged and moist environment for infection, it typically occurs in areas of friction such as the skin folds of the body. Candidal intertrigo is often difficult to treat and results are often unsatisfactory. In addition, there is a lack of evidence-based literature supporting prevention and treatments for candidal intertrigo. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Dr Michaels® (also branded as Fungatinex®) products in the treatment of fungal intertrigo, in 20 women and 2 men with a mean age of 72. Five patients (3 female and 2 male) had type 2 diabetes and 16 (14 female and 2 male) were obese. The patients were treated with Dr Michaels® (Fungatinex®) moisturising bar, topical ointment (twice daily application) and oral herbal formulation, PSC 200 two tablets twice daily with food. After 2 weeks of treatment, the lesions had mostly resolved in all patients with only slight erythema evident. After six weeks of treatment using the moisturising bar, topical ointment and oral herbal formulations from the Dr Michaels® (Fungatinex®) product family, the lesions had totally resolved in 18 patients, while 4 patients had to continue the therapeutic protocol for another 2 weeks. Our results demonstrate that the Dr Michaels® (Fungatinex®) complementary product family is efficacious in the treatment of recalcitrant candidal intertrigo. Furthermore, this study highlights that the Dr Michaels® (Fungatinex®) product family is fast-acting and well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. These data have important implications for resistant cases of candidal intertrigo where traditional therapies have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hercogovấ
- 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Bulovka Hospital, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Tirant
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Bayer
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Coburn
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Donnelly
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Kennedy
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Gaibor
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Arora
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Clews
- Psoriasis and Skin Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Fioranelli
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Sub-nuclear and Radiation, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gianfaldoni
- Dermatological Department University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A A Chokoeva
- Onkoderma-Policlinic for dermatology and dermatologic surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical faculty, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - G Tchernev
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - U Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Novotny
- PRO SANUM Ltd, Sanatorium of Prof. Novotný, Štěpánská Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M G Roccia
- University B.I.S. Group of Institutions, Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India
| | - G K Maximov
- Department Medicinal Information and Non-interventional studies, Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K França
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centro Studi per la Ricerca Multidisciplinare e Rigenerativa, Università Degli Studi "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy
| | - T Lotti
- Chair of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi Rome, Italy
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Gupta N, Arora M, Sharma R, Arora KS. Peripheral and Central Nervous System Involvement in Recently Diagnosed Cases of Hypothyroidism: An Electrophysiological Study. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 6:261-266. [PMID: 28503341 PMCID: PMC5414436 DOI: 10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_39_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism, one of the most common endocrine disorders, may induce neurological abnormalities at an early stage of the disease. Aim: The study was designed to assess the electrophysiological alterations of some selected variables of nerve conduction, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in hypothyroid patients. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients of newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and an equal number of age-matched controls were selected for the study. Nerve conduction studies that included parameters as latencies, conduction velocities, and amplitude of motor nerves, i.e., median, ulnar, common peroneal, tibial nerve, and sensory nerves, i.e., median and sural nerves was performed in both hypothyroid patients and controls. Further, BAEPs and VEPs of all the patients were done. The data were compiled and statistically analyzed using Student's unpaired t-test to observe any electrophysiological alterations in hypothyroid patients as compared to healthy controls. Results: On comparative evaluation, statistically significant increase in latency of median, ulnar, tibial, and sural nerves; decrease in conduction velocities of all the tested nerves and decrease in amplitude of median, tibial, and sural nerves was observed in hypothyroid patients. Statistically significant increase in latencies, interpeak latencies, and decrease in amplitudes of BAEP waves and statistically significant increase in P100 latency of VEP was seen in hypothyroid patients. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that peripheral and central neuropathy develops in patients of hypothyroidism at an early stage of disease and the electrophysiological investigations of such patients can help in timely detection and treatment of neurological disorders that occur due to thyroid hormone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gupta
- Department of Physiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - K S Arora
- Department of Physiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Yuan A, Chai X, Martins F, Arai S, Arora M, Correa ME, Pidala J, Cutler CS, Lee SJ, Treister NS. Oral chronic GVHD outcomes and resource utilization: a subanalysis from the chronic GVHD consortium. Oral Dis 2015; 22:235-40. [PMID: 26708609 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the extent to which oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) consensus assessments are predictive of management across institutions with and without oral medicine (OM) centers, and whether ancillary care guidelines are followed within clinical practice. METHODS Longitudinal oral cGVHD data were abstracted from the cGVHD Consortium, and additional mouth-specific management data were analyzed across five transplant centers. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients with 656 visits were observed for a median of 7.1 months with one visit per follow-up month. Ancillary therapies for oral cGVHD were prescribed for 67% of patients for a median of 0.46 months (per follow-up month) at OM centers and 0.78 months at non-OM centers. Patients treated with ancillary therapy were more likely to have an National Institutes of Health (NIH) mouth score of ≥1 (P < 0.001, odds ratio: 5.1) and mouth pain (P = 0.01, odds ratio: 2.6). The odds ratios of receiving ancillary therapy from OM experts were higher than transplant physicians (53%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Oral cGVHD consensus assessments corresponding with ancillary therapy use were mouth pain and NIH mouth score, with higher odds ratios of receiving therapy from OM experts. Ancillary care guidelines for oral cGVHD are reflected in academic clinical practice with respect to utilization of recommended prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yuan
- Division of Oral Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Chai
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Arai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Arora
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E Correa
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oral Medicine Ambulatory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J Pidala
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C S Cutler
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N S Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Arora M, Baldi A. Regulatory categories of probiotics across the globe: a review representing existing and recommended categorization. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33 Suppl:2-10. [PMID: 25657150 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.150868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are friendly live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial micro-organisms found in the human gut, whenever consumed, have potential to confer benefit to the health of consumers by maintaining, or improving their intestinal microbial flora and are available to consumers mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods. All-time high interest in the field of probiotics is due to emerging probiotic industry. Probiotics are available in foods and dietary supplements, even as pharmaceutical formulations (capsules, tablets and powders) and in some other forms as well, but their claims of health benefits may challenge the traditional border between food and medicine. A number of probiotic products have been already introduced into the international market as food supplements, dietary supplements, natural health products, functional foods and many more other categories; as a result, the position of regulatory system for probiotics within existing categories become vague and quite unclear. Common terminology for probiotic products has become a necessity to achieve adequate regulatory control for discussion of probiotic-related issues among government, producers and consumers. The lack of a consistent terminology across the globe leads to legal uncertainty and confusion instead of being a direct obstacle for development of a mature market. This article will explain differences in regulatory categorizations across the globe; discuss the terms like food and drugs with a close relationship to probiotics, the problems associated with unsatisfactorily approached categorization as well as suggestive consolidations for the new categorization which will demarcate probiotics into categories explaining their nutritive claims, health claims or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Baldi
- Department of Quality Assurance, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Alam MS, Sharma DK, Sehgal VK, Arora M, Bhatia S. Development and evaluation of low cost honey heating-cum-filtration system. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 51:3476-81. [PMID: 26396349 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fully mechanized honey heating-cum-filtration system was designed, developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance. The system comprised of two sections; the top heating section and the lower filtering section. The developed system was evaluated for its performance at different process conditions (25 kg and 50 kg capacity using processing condition: 50 °C heating temperature and 60 °C heating temperature with 20 and 40 min holding time, respectively) and it was found that the total time required for heating, holding and filtration of honey was 108 and 142 min for 25 kg and 50 kg capacity of machine, respectively, irrespective of the processing conditions. The optimum capacity of the system was found to be 50 kg and it involved an investment of Rs 40,000 for its fabrication. The honey filtered through the developed filtration system was compared with the honey filtered in a high cost honey processing plant and raw honey for its microbial and biochemical (reducing sugars (%), moisture, acidity and pH) quality attributes. It was observed that the process of filtering through the developed unit resulted in reduction of microbes. The microbiological quality of honey filtered through the developed filtration system was better than that of raw honey and commercially processed honey. The treatment conditions found best in context of microbiological counts were 60 °C temperature for 20 min. There was 1.97 fold reductions in the plate count and 2.14 reductions in the fungal count of honey processed through the developed filtration system as compared to the raw honey. No coliforms were found in the processed honey. Honey processed through developed unit witnessed less moisture content, acidity and more reducing sugars as compared to raw honey, whereas its quality was comparable to the commercially processed honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiq Alam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - D K Sharma
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - V K Sehgal
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - S Bhatia
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fiscal policy, especially taxation, though has been proved to be an effective instrument of tobacco control, its application is limited in India due to several reasons. This paper examines the tax structure, price and affordability of SLT products in order to provide evidence on how to strengthen the role of fiscal policy in tobacco control. METHOD Secondary data on tax structure and revenue from tobacco products were collected from the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. In order to measure the rise of prices corresponding to the increase in tax rate, the retail price index (RPI) and Whole Price Index (WPI) of SLT products were compared with the price index for all commodities for the period 2006-2012. The affordability of tobacco products is calculated by dividing prices of tobacco products by per capita income. RESULTS During the last 6 years, the tax rate on SLT has gone up leading to a rise in the prices of SLT products more than the general price rise. However, the price rise is less than the per capita income growth indicating increasing affordability. The study observed a decline in the consumption of zarda and kahini due to the price increase during 2008-2013. However, the decline in the consumption of zarda is less compared with khaini due to a very low rise in its price. CONCLUSION The prices should be raised more than the growth in income to influence consumption. Tax administration is a major challenge for SLT products and strengthening it could enhance revenue collection from SLT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rout
- Health Economics, Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) Bhubaneswar, India
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Chhabra HS, Sarda K, Arora M, Sharawat R, Singh V, Nanda A, Sangodimath GM, Tandon V. Autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in acute spinal cord injury--an Indian pilot study. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:57-64. [PMID: 26282492 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Phase- I/II, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled pilot study. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and feasibility of autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) via two routes of transplantation as compared with controls. SETTING Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi. METHODS Twenty-one subjects with acute, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A (complete), traumatic SCI with neurological level T1-T12, were recruited and randomized into three groups of seven subjects each. Two groups underwent cell transplantation through the intrathecal or intralesional route, whereas the third served as control. Participants were assessed at baseline and followed up at 6 months and 12-months post enrollment. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by monitoring for any adverse events. Efficacy was assessed through neurological, functional and psychological evaluation, as well as through electrophysiological studies and urodynamics. RESULTS Surgery was tolerated well by all participants. There were no significant adverse events attributable to the procedure. There was no significant improvement in the neurological, electrophysiological or urodynamic efficacy variables. A statistically significant improvement in functional scores as evaluated by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure and International Spinal Cord Injury Scale was observed in all groups. CONCLUSIONS The procedure is safe and feasible in AIS A participants with thoracic-level injuries at 12-months follow-up. No efficacy could be demonstrated that could be attributed to the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chhabra
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sarda
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - M Arora
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sharawat
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - V Singh
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - A Nanda
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - G M Sangodimath
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - V Tandon
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
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