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Khlidj Y, Haireche MA. Schizophrenia as autoimmune disease: Involvement of Anti-NCAM antibodies. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:333-341. [PMID: 37001338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia has always been an unsolved puzzle for modern medicine. This seems to be due to both disease complexity and lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the biological and non-biological anomalies that exhibit schizophrenia subjects. However, dysregulated immunity is a commonly identified feature in affected individuals. Thus, recently, a hallmark study showed causality relationship between anti-NCAM antibodies and schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. NCAM plays crucial role in neurodevelopment during early life and neuroplasticity against different stressors during adulthood, and its dysfunction in schizophrenia is increasingly proven. The present review provides the main evidence that support the contribution of autoimmunity and NCAM abnormalities in the development of schizophrenia. Furthermore, it introduces five hypotheses that may explain the mechanism by which anti-NCAM antibodies are produced in the context of schizophrenia: (i) molecular mimicry, (ii) gut dysbiosis, (iii) viral infection, (iv) exposure to environmental pollutants, (v) and NCAM production anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehya Khlidj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
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Wright AL, Earley ET, Austin C, Arora M. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH): microspatial distribution of trace elements in hypercementosis-affected and unaffected hard dental tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5048. [PMID: 36977746 PMCID: PMC10050172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a common, painful and poorly understood disease. Enamel, dentin and cementum accumulate both essential and toxic trace elements during mineralization. Characterization of the spatial accumulation pattern of trace elements may provide insight into the role that toxic elements play and inform biological processes affecting these hard dental tissues for future research. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to map the distribution of multiple trace elements and heavy metals across equine healthy and diseased (hypercementosis-affected) hard dental tissues among four teeth extracted from horses with EOTRH. Results showed banding patterns of some trace elements (lead, strontium, barium), reflecting the temporal component of accumulation of trace elements during dentin mineralization. Essential elements zinc and magnesium did not show banding patterns. Comparison to the unaffected cementum and dentin adjacent to the hypercementosis region showed that there is an underlying incremental pattern in the uptake of some metals with spatial irregularities. This supports a possible metabolic change involved in hypercementosis lesion development. This represents the first use of LA-ICP-MS to study the microspatial distribution of trace elements in equine teeth, establishing a baseline for elemental distribution in normal and EOTRH impacted dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Edward T Earley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Zaks N, Austin C, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Reprint of: Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:33-40. [PMID: 36075821 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zaks
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Seaver Center of Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Lima LS, Galiciolli MEA, Pereira ME, Felisbino K, Machado-Souza C, de Oliveira CS, Guiloski IC. Modification by genetic polymorphism of lead-induced IQ alteration: a systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:43435-43447. [PMID: 35386084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As well as a lead-related environmental factor, genetic factors could also corroborate important changes in intelligence quotient (IQ) through single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Thus, a systematic review was carried out to evaluate the possible influence of polymorphism on blood Pb levels and IQ points in pediatric patients (0-19 years old). Following the PRISMA guideline, the studies were systematically collected on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Six genes (transferrin (TF); glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A); glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (GRIN2B); dopamine receptor D2/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1); aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD); vitamin D receptor (VDR)) were found in six selected articles. In these genes, 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were searched and six different types of variations (missense variant, intron variant, synonymous variant, stop, stop gained) were observed. Due to the few studies in the literature, there is no conclusive data to point out that there is a direct relationship between polymorphisms, Pb levels, and reduction of IQ points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Siqueira Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Andrade Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Meire Ellen Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karoline Felisbino
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene de Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, 1632, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.250-200, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Dunn EC, Mountain RV, Davis KA, Shaffer I, Smith ADAC, Roubinov DS, Den Besten P, Bidlack FB, Boyce WT. Association Between Measures Derived From Children's Primary Exfoliated Teeth and Psychopathology Symptoms: Results From a Community-Based Study. Front Dent Med 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.803364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are among the most disabling health conditions globally. However, there remains a lack of valid, reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive biomarkers to identify (at an early age) people who are at the greatest risk of experiencing a future mental health condition. Exfoliated primary teeth, when used in combination with established and emerging tools (e.g., family history, imaging, genetics, epigenetics), may provide important additional insights about vulnerability to mental illness. Teeth are especially promising because they develop in parallel with the brain and maintain a permanent record of environmental insults occurring during prenatal and perinatal development. Despite their potential, few empirical studies have investigated features of exfoliated teeth in relation to mental health. Here, we used micro-CT imaging to test the hypothesis that measures derived from exfoliated primary incisors associated with psychopathology symptoms in a community-based sample of children (n = 37). We found that enamel volume (β = −0.77, 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.18, P = 0.01) had large negative associations with internalizing symptoms, and enamel mineral density (β = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.18–1.35, P = 0.01) had large positive associations with internalizing behavioral symptoms, even after stringent control for multiple testing. Pulp volume (β = −0.50, 95% CI, −0.90 to −0.09, P = 0.02) had a moderately-large negative association with externalizing behavioral symptoms, though these associations did not survive multiple testing correction. These results support the ongoing investigation of teeth as potential novel biomarkers of mental health risk.
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Galiciolli MEA, Lima LS, da Costa NDS, de Andrade DP, Irioda AC, Oliveira CS. IQ alteration induced by lead in developed and underdeveloped/developing countries: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118316. [PMID: 34648837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pb exposure on full-scale IQ score in pediatric subjects. Following PRISMA guidelines, the data from January 2010 to April 2020 were systematically searched and collected on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). The eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies that were published in English, from 2010 to 2020, that analyzed the blood Pb levels of pediatric subjects (0-19 years) and possible changes in the full-scale IQ score. In this study, 2174 scientific papers were collected from three electronic databases. From those, 726 were duplicates and 1421 were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria, resulting in a total of 27 papers, from which, seven were used to perform the meta-analysis. The 27 scientific papers systematically selected for this study were separated by the country where the study was realized in developed and underdeveloped/developing countries. In the underdeveloped/developing countries the blood Pb levels are higher and showed a greater variation (1.30-11.66 μgPb/dL of blood) than in countries with higher development index (0.57-4.80 μgPb/dL of blood). The full-scale IQ score are inversely proportional to the blood Pb values, and it is possible to see that in the underdeveloped/developing countries the full-scale IQ score showed lower values and greater variation (59.2-111) compared to the individuals from developed countries (91.9-114.5). In conclusion, it was observed that blood Pb levels alter the full-scale IQ score. Thus, policies for the prevention of environmental contamination and the reduction of Pb exposure must be taken, mainly, in underdeveloped/developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda A Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luíza Siqueira Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Diancarlos P de Andrade
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana C Irioda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Yu M, Tu P, Dolios G, Dassanayake PS, Volk H, Newschaffer C, Fallin MD, Croen L, Lyall K, Schmidt R, Hertz-Piccioto I, Austin C, Arora M, Petrick LM. Tooth biomarkers to characterize the temporal dynamics of the fetal and early-life exposome. Environ Int 2021; 157:106849. [PMID: 34482270 PMCID: PMC8800489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth have unique histology that make this biomatrix a time-capsule for retrospective exposure analysis of fetal and early life. However, most analytic methods require pulverizing the whole tooth, which eliminates exposure timing information. Further, the range of chemicals and endogenous exposures that can be measured in teeth has yet to be fully characterized. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomics on micro-dissected layers from naturally shed deciduous teeth. Using four liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical modes, we profiled small molecules (<1000 Da) from prenatal and postnatal tooth fractions. In addition, we employed linear regression on the tooth fraction pairs from 31 children to identify metabolites that discriminate between prenatal and postnatal exposures. RESULTS Of over 10,000 features measured in teeth dentin, 390 unique compounds were annotated from 62 chemical classes. The class with the largest number of compounds was carboxylic acids and their derivatives (36%). Of the annotated exogenous metabolites (phthalates, parabens, perfluoroalkyl compounds, and cotinine) and endogenous metabolites (fatty acids, steroids, carnitines, amino acids, and others), 91 are linked to 256 health conditions through published literature. Differential analysis revealed 267 metabolites significantly different between the prenatal and the postnatal tooth fractions (adj. p-value < 0.05, Bonferroni correction), and 21 metabolites exclusive to the prenatal fraction. CONCLUSIONS The prenatal and early postnatal exposome revealed from dental biomarkers represents a broad range of endogenous and exogenous metabolites for a comprehensive characterization in environmental health research. Most importantly, this technology provides a direct window into fetal exposures that is not possible by maternal biomarkers. Indeed, we identified several metabolites exclusively in the prenatal fraction, suggesting unique fetal exposures that are markedly different to postnatal exposures. Expansion of databases that include tooth matrix metabolites will strengthen biological interpretation and shed light on exposures during gestation and early life that may be causally linked with later health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peijun Tu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Priyanthi S Dassanayake
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lisa Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Piccioto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Lauren M Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Antony A, Gurushankara HP. Lead (Pb) induced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism to Cause Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology 2021; 462:152959. [PMID: 34560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of lead (Pb) has caused global contamination, inevitable human exposure, and public health problems. Pb neurotoxicity has been linked to various human diseases, but its associated mechanism causing neurotoxicity is unknown. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has been used to study the mechanism involved in Pb-caused neurotoxicity and the potential role of antioxidants in ameliorating its harmful effects. The larval feeding technique was adopted to administer different concentrations of Pb (0.2-0.8 mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) overexpressing, and Sod or Cat knockdown flies to analyse Pb load, oxidative stress components, DNA damage, apoptosis and vacuolation in the brain. The results revealed that Pb accumulation in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), depleting antioxidant enzymes. Molecular docking studies have evidenced it. Pb directly binds to antioxidants and major grooves of DNA, leading to DNA damage. Increased DNA damage, apoptosis, vacuolation in brains of Pb-treated ORR, Sod, or Cat knockdown flies; and on the contrary, reduced oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis, and vacuolation in brains of Pb treated Sod or Cat overexpressed flies put forward that oxidative stress is the mechanism in Pb caused neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
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Bauer JA, White RF, Coull BA, Austin C, Oppini M, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, Guazzetti S, Yang Q, Bellinger DC, Webster TF, Wright RO, Smith D, Horton M, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Critical windows of susceptibility in the association between manganese and neurocognition in Italian adolescents living near ferro-manganese industry. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:51-61. [PMID: 34478771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of manganese (Mn) is complicated due to its essentiality for growth and development. While evidence exists for the harmful effects of excess Mn, pediatric epidemiologic studies have observed inconsistent associations between Mn and child cognition. OBJECTIVE We sought to estimate prospective associations between Mn measured in three different early-life time windows with adolescent cognition using deciduous teeth biomarkers. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 195 participants (ages 10-14 years) of the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure (PHIME) study in Brescia, Italy. Measurements of tooth Mn represented prenatal (∼14 weeks gestation - birth), early postnatal (birth - 1.5 years) and childhood (∼1.5 - 6 years) time windows. Neuropsychologists administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III), to obtain composite IQ and subtest scores. Associations between tooth Mn at each time window and adolescent WISC-III scores were estimated using multivariable linear regression. We tested differences in associations between Mn and outcomes across time windows using multiple informant models. Sex-specific associations were explored in stratified models. RESULTS Adjusted associations between tooth Mn and composite IQ scores were positive in the prenatal period and negative in the childhood period. Associations were strongest for subtest scores that reflect working memory, problem solving, visuospatial ability and attention: prenatal Mn was positively associated with Digits backward [SD change in score per interquartile range increase in Mn: β = 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.38)] and Block design [β = 0.21 (0.01, 0.41)] and early postnatal Mn was positively associated with Digits forward [β = 0.24 (0.09, 0.40)], while childhood Mn was negatively associated with Coding [β = -0.14 (-0.28, -0.001)]. Sex-stratified analyses suggested different Mn-cognition associations for boys and girls and was also dependent on the time window of exposure. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure timing is critical when evaluating Mn associations between Mn and cognition. Higher prenatal Mn was beneficial for adolescent cognition; however, these beneficial associations shifted towards harmful effects in later time windows. Cognitive domains most sensitive to Mn across time windows included visuospatial ability, working memory, attention and problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy; School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zaks N, Austin C, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Elemental dysregulation in psychotic spectrum disorders: A review and research synthesis. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:64-71. [PMID: 34242950 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from observational studies, genetic research, and animal models suggests a relationship between toxic and nutritive elements and psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD). This review systematically evaluates the current research evidence for two hypotheses: 1) that exposures to abnormal levels of toxic and nutritive elements early in life contributes to the subsequent development of PSD, and 2) that an imbalance of element levels is linked to psychotic illness and clinical severity. We focused on the extant literature on five elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), because of their previously documented associations with psychiatric problems and the availability of pertinent literature. The review identified 38 studies of which 11 measured Pb, 27 measured Cu, 16 measured Mg, 15 measured Mn, and 25 measured Zn concentrations in PSD patients and controls. A majority of research has been conducted on nutritive element imbalance, and findings are largely mixed. While it is biologically plausible that element dysregulation is an important modifiable risk factor for PSD, more research into exposure in early life is needed to better characterize this relationship.
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11
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Lupo PJ, Petrick LM, Hoang TT, Janitz AE, Marcotte EL, Schraw JM, Arora M, Scheurer ME. Using primary teeth and archived dried spots for exposomic studies in children: Exploring new paths in the environmental epidemiology of pediatric cancer. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100030. [PMID: 34106479 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 300,000 children 0-14 years of age are diagnosed with cancer worldwide each year. While the absolute risk of cancer in children is low, it is the leading cause of death due to disease in children in high-income countries. In spite of this, the etiologies of pediatric cancer are largely unknown. Environmental exposures have long been thought to play an etiologic role. However, to date, there are few well-established environmental risk factors for pediatric malignancies, likely due to technical barriers in collecting biological samples prospectively in pediatric populations for direct measurements. In this review, we propose the use of novel or underutilized biospecimens (dried blood spots and teeth) and molecular approaches for exposure assessment (epigenetics, metabolomics, and somatic mutational profiles). Future epidemiologic studies of pediatric cancer should incorporate novel exposure assessment methodologies, data on molecular features of tumors, and a more complete assessment of gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren M Petrick
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh T Hoang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda E Janitz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Erin L Marcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) exposure is a global public health problem of major proportion with an alarming number of children with blood Pb2+ levels > 10 >g/dL, twice the current CDC reference level for Pb2+ exposure. Mounting evidence from population-based studies suggests an association between chronic early life Pb2+ exposure (CELLE) and psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia (SZ). Preclinical studies suggest a common mechanism in the pathophysiology of CELLE and SZ, NMDA receptor hypofunction. Here we describe human and experimental animal studies providing the evidence for such an association. Further, recent preclinical studies indicate that Pb2+-induced changes in neurotransmitter receptors that mediate the action(s) of drugs of abuse are increased in brain regions associated with addiction circuits in adolescence, a period of increased susceptibility to drug use and abuse and expression of psychiatric disease in humans. In summary, the relationship between the global burden of childhood Pb2+ exposure and the latent onset of psychiatric disorders and predisposition to drug use requires further investigations in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Albores-Garcia
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - J L McGlothan
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - T R Guilarte
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
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13
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz E, Karakuła K, Flieger W, Sitarz M, Grochowski C, Maciejewski R, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. Beyond the Mind-Serum Trace Element Levels in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249566. [PMID: 33334078 PMCID: PMC7765526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations in serum trace element levels are common phenomena observed in patients with different psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, or major depressive disorder. The fluctuations in the trace element concentrations might act as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of many psychiatric and neurological disorders. This paper aimed to assess the alterations in serum trace element concentrations in patients with a diagnosed schizophrenia. The authors made a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 5009 articles identified through database searching, 59 of them were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 33 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This review includes the analysis of serum levels of the following trace elements: iron, nickel, molybdenum, phosphorus, lead, chromium, antimony, uranium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, copper, selenium, calcium, and manganese. Currently, there is no consistency regarding serum trace element levels in schizophrenic patients. Thus, it cannot be considered as a reliable prognostic or diagnostic marker of schizophrenia. However, it can be assumed that altered concentrations of those elements are crucial regarding the onset and exaggeration of either psychotic or negative symptoms or cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Kaja Karakuła
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
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Cory-slechta D, Sobolewski M, Oberdörster G. Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Atmosphere 2020; 11:1098. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants that can reach the brain in utero and after birth. Excess brain exposure to either essential or non-essential elements can result in brain dyshomeostasis, which has been implicated in both neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs; autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs; Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This review summarizes the current understanding of the extent to which the inhalational or intranasal instillation of metals reproduces in vivo the shared features of NDDs and NDGDs, including enlarged lateral ventricles, alterations in myelination, glutamatergic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered social behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and impulsivity. Although evidence is limited to date, neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are reproduced by numerous metals. Understanding the specific contribution of metals/trace elements to this neurotoxicity can guide the development of more realistic animal exposure models of human AP exposure and consequently lead to a more meaningful approach to mechanistic studies, potential intervention strategies, and regulatory requirements.
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McClain LL, Shaw P, Sabol R, Chedia AM, Segretti AM, Rengasamy M, Finegold DN, Pan L, Peters DG. Rare variants and biological pathways identified in treatment-refractory depression. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1322-1334. [PMID: 32128872 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder not responding to at least two adequate treatments are defined as treatment-refractory major depressive disorder (TR-MDD). Some TR-MDD patients have altered metabolic phenotypes that may be pharmacologically reversed. The characterization of these phenotypes and their underlying etiologies is paramount, particularly their genetic components. In this study, TR-MDD patients (n = 124) were recruited and metabolites were quantified in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. Three sub-categories of deficiencies were examined, namely 5-methyltetrahydrofolte (in CSF; n = 13), tetrahydrobiopterin (in CSF; n = 11), and abnormal acylcarnitine profiles (in peripheral blood; n = 8). Whole exome sequencing was performed on genomic DNA from the entire TR-MDD cohort and exonic variant allele frequencies for cases were compared to a control cohort (1:5 matching on ancestry). Low frequency, damaging alleles were identified and used for in silico pathway analyses. Three association signals for TR-MDD approached genome-wide significance on chromosomes 22, 7, and 3. Three risk-associated variants from a prior depression study were replicated. Relevant biological pathways were identified that contained an enrichment of rare, damaging variants in central nervous system (CNS)-specific pathways, including neurotransmitter receptors, potassium channels, and synapse transmission. Some TR-MDD patients had rare variants in genes that were previously associated with other psychiatric disorders, psychiatric endophenotypes, CNS structural defects, and CNS-related cellular and molecular functions. Exome analysis of metabolically phenotyped TR-MDD patients has identified potentially functional gene pathways and low frequency, deleterious gene variants for further investigation. Further studies in larger cohorts of biochemically phenotyped TR-MDD patients are desirable to extend and confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Lee McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roisin Sabol
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Chedia
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Creative and Performing Arts Magnet, Pittsburgh Public Schools, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Segretti
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manivel Rengasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Gerard Peters
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Gennings C, Curtin P, Bello G, Wright R, Arora M, Austin C. Lagged WQS regression for mixtures with many components. Environ Res 2020; 186:109529. [PMID: 32371274 PMCID: PMC7489300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The developmental timing of exposures to toxic chemicals or combinations of chemicals may be as important as the dosage itself. This concept is called "critical windows of exposure." The time boundaries of such windows can be detected if exposure data are collected repeatedly in short time intervals. The development of tooth-matrix biomarkers which provide prenatal and postnatal exposure measures in repeated intervals can provide such data. Using teeth, we use reverse distributed lagged models (DLMs) to incorporate weekly prenatal and postnatal measures of exposures to estimate time-varying associations with developmental effects. The analysis of such data using lagged weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression as an extension to reverse DLMs for complex mixtures was first proposed by Bello et al. This prior algorithm was not operationally generalizable to large numbers of components (say, more than five or six). We propose a revised algorithm that may be useful for larger mixtures by combining time-specific WQS(t) indices in a reverse DLM. We demonstrate the new algorithm using tooth data in association with a neurodevelopmental score and in simulated data from 3 cases wherein different components of a mixture have time varying associations and in the case where none have associations. The new algorithm correctly detects the simulated associations when the number of samples within the time-specific analyses is moderate to large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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17
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Hollander JA, Cory-Slechta DA, Jacka FN, Szabo ST, Guilarte TR, Bilbo SD, Mattingly CJ, Moy SS, Haroon E, Hornig M, Levin ED, Pletnikov MV, Zehr JL, McAllister KA, Dzierlenga AL, Garton AE, Lawler CP, Ladd-Acosta C. Beyond the looking glass: recent advances in understanding the impact of environmental exposures on neuropsychiatric disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1086-1096. [PMID: 32109936 PMCID: PMC7234981 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiologic pathways leading to neuropsychiatric diseases remain poorly defined. As genomic technologies have advanced over the past several decades, considerable progress has been made linking neuropsychiatric disorders to genetic underpinnings. Interest and consideration of nongenetic risk factors (e.g., lead exposure and schizophrenia) have, in contrast, lagged behind heritable frameworks of explanation. Thus, the association of neuropsychiatric illness to environmental chemical exposure, and their potential interactions with genetic susceptibility, are largely unexplored. In this review, we describe emerging approaches for considering the impact of chemical risk factors acting alone and in concert with genetic risk, and point to the potential role of epigenetics in mediating exposure effects on transcription of genes implicated in mental disorders. We highlight recent examples of research in nongenetic risk factors in psychiatric disorders that point to potential shared biological mechanisms-synaptic dysfunction, immune alterations, and gut-brain interactions. We outline new tools and resources that can be harnessed for the study of environmental factors in psychiatric disorders. These tools, combined with emerging experimental evidence, suggest that there is a need to broadly incorporate environmental exposures in psychiatric research, with the ultimate goal of identifying modifiable risk factors and informing new treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hollander
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven T Szabo
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia L Zehr
- Developmental Mechanisms and Trajectories of Psychopathology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A McAllister
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E Garton
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cindy P Lawler
- Genes, Environment and Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology and Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Figueroa‐Romero C, Mikhail KA, Gennings C, Curtin P, Bello GA, Botero TM, Goutman SA, Feldman EL, Arora M, Austin C. Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:872-882. [PMID: 32438517 PMCID: PMC7318091 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficiencies and excess of essential elements and toxic metals are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the age when metal dysregulation appears remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in individuals eventually diagnosed with ALS. METHODS Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to obtain time series data of metal uptake using biomarkers in teeth from autopsies or dental extractions of ALS (n = 36) and control (n = 31) participants. Covariate data included sex, smoking, occupational exposures, and ALS family history. Case-control differences were identified in temporal profiles of metal uptake for individual metals using distributed lag models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used for metals mixture analyses. Similar analyses were performed on an ALS mouse model to further verify the relevance of dysregulation of metals in ALS. RESULTS Metal levels were higher in cases than in controls: 1.49 times for chromium (1.11-1.82; at 15 years), 1.82 times for manganese (1.34-2.46; at birth), 1.65 times for nickel (1.22-2.01; at 8 years), 2.46 times for tin (1.65-3.30; at 2 years), and 2.46 times for zinc (1.49-3.67; at 6 years). Co-exposure to 11 elements indicated that childhood metal dysregulation was associated with ALS. The mixture contribution of metals to disease outcome was likewise apparent in tooth biomarkers of an ALS mouse model, and differences in metal distribution were evident in ALS mouse brains compared to brains from littermate controls. INTERPRETATION Overall, our study reveals direct evidence that altered metal uptake during specific early life time windows is associated with adult-onset ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ghalib A. Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tatiana M. Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and EndodonticsSchool of Dentistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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Curtin P, Austin C, Curtin A, Gennings C, Figueroa-Romero C, Mikhail KA, Botero TM, Goutman SA, Feldman EL, Arora M. Dysregulated biodynamics in metabolic attractor systems precede the emergence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007773. [PMID: 32294079 PMCID: PMC7159190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms maintain homeostasis of essential elements, and are believed to be highly time-variant. However, current approaches measure elemental biomarkers at a few discrete time-points, ignoring complex higher-order dynamical features. To study dynamical properties of elemental homeostasis, we apply laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to tooth samples to generate 500 temporally sequential measurements of elemental concentrations from birth to 10 years. We applied dynamical system and Information Theory-based analyses to reveal the longest-known attractor system in mammalian biology underlying the metabolism of nutrient elements, and identify distinct and consistent transitions between stable and unstable states throughout development. Extending these dynamical features to disease prediction, we find that attractor topography of nutrient metabolism is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as early as childhood, suggesting these pathways are involved in disease risk. Mechanistic analysis was undertaken in a transgenic mouse model of ALS, where we find similar marked disruptions in elemental attractor systems as in humans. Our results demonstrate the application of a phenomological analysis of dynamical systems underlying elemental metabolism, and emphasize the utility of these measures in characterizing risk of disease. The metabolism of essential elements in early life is essential to healthy growth and development. Elemental homeostasis is typically studied by characterizing distributions of elemental concentrations at the level of the population. Here, we introduce a new method of characterizing elemental metabolism at the level of the individual. Using tooth-based biomarkers, we tracked the longitudinal trajectory of essential elements throughout childhood at weekly temporal resolution from birth through approximately 10 years of life. We analyzed these trajectories to identify the formation of stable dynamic states (attractors) and transitions between these states throughout development. We found that metabolic dynamics were specific to discrete elemental pathways; copper metabolism typically involved the formation of multiple discrete states throughout childhood, whereas other elements, such as zinc, tended to persist in a single stable dynamic throughout development. Next, we compared elemental biodynamics in neurologically healthy cases and subjects that were later diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We found these patterns were dysregulated in ALS, and also found similar results in a mouse model of ALS. Overall, our results provide a novel approach to characterize elemental biodynamics throughout development, and emphasize that the dysregulation of these processes may be predictive of later onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MA)
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Austen Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen A. Mikhail
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MA)
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Davis KA, Mountain RV, Pickett OR, Den Besten PK, Bidlack FB, Dunn EC. Teeth as Potential New Tools to Measure Early-Life Adversity and Subsequent Mental Health Risk: An Interdisciplinary Review and Conceptual Model. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:502-513. [PMID: 31858984 PMCID: PMC7822497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early-life adversity affects nearly half of all youths in the United States and is a known risk factor for psychiatric disorders across the life course. One strategy to prevent mental illness may be to target interventions toward children who are exposed to adversity, particularly during sensitive periods when these adversities may have even more enduring effects. However, a major obstacle impeding progress in this area is the lack of tools to reliably and validly measure the existence and timing of early-life adversity. In this review, we summarize empirical work across dentistry, anthropology, and archaeology on human tooth development and discuss how teeth preserve a time-resolved record of our life experiences. Specifically, we articulate how teeth have been examined in these fields as biological fossils in which the history of an individual's early-life experiences is permanently imprinted; this area of research is related to, but distinct from, studies of oral health. We then integrate these insights with knowledge about the role of psychosocial adversity in shaping psychopathology risk to present a working conceptual model, which proposes that teeth may be an understudied yet suggestive new tool to identify individuals at risk for mental health problems following early-life psychosocial stress exposure. We end by presenting a research agenda and discussion of future directions for rigorously testing this possibility and with a call to action for interdisciplinary research to meet the urgent need for new biomarkers of adversity and psychiatric outcomes.
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21
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Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Shahrokhi S, Mojarrad M, Dastmardi M, Mirbeyk M, Rezaei N. Trace elements in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 studies (N = 5151 participants). Nutr Rev 2019; 78:278-303. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia appears to be multifaceted.
Objective
The aim of this meta-analysis of studies that investigated blood and hair concentrations of trace elements in people diagnosed with schizophrenia was to determine whether levels of trace elements in patients with schizophrenia differ from those in healthy individuals.
Data Sources
The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to January 2018.
Study Selection
Studies that compared concentrations of trace elements in patients with schizophrenia with those in healthy controls, in patients with schizophrenia under different treatment regimens, or in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of disease were included.
Data Extraction
Data on study and sample characteristics and measures of trace elements were extracted.
Results
Thirty-nine studies with a total of 5151 participants were included. Meta-analysis of combined plasma and serum data showed higher levels of copper, lower levels of iron, and lower levels of zinc among patients with schizophrenia vs controls without schizophrenia. Subgroup analyses confirmed the following: higher levels of copper in plasma, in users of typical antipsychotic drugs, and in males; lower levels of zinc in serum, in patients in Asia, in drug-naive/drug-free patients, and in inpatients; lower levels of iron in serum, in patients in Asia, in drug-naive/drug-free patients, in patients on antipsychotic drugs, in inpatients, in patients with acute or newly diagnosed schizophrenia, in patients with chronic or previously diagnosed schizophrenia, and in males; and lower levels of manganese in plasma and in patients with chronic or previously diagnosed schizophrenia.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis provides evidence of an excess of copper, along with deficiencies of zinc, iron, and manganese, in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- MetaCognition Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dietitians and Nutrition Experts Team, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Shahrokhi
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mojarrad
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Dastmardi
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mirbeyk
- NeuroImmunology Research Association, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Tunç S, Atagün Mİ, Başbuğ HS, Erel Ö. Serum ceruloplasmin-ferroxidase activity in bipolar disorder is elevated compared to major depressive disorder and schizophrenia: a controlled study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1584489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Tunç
- Department of Psychiatry, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Murat İlhan Atagün
- Department of Psychiatry, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamit Serdar Başbuğ
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Saritha S, Davuljigari CB, Kumar KP, Reddy GR. Effects of combined arsenic and lead exposure on the brain monoaminergic system and behavioral functions in rats: Reversal effect of MiADMSA. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 35:89-108. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718814990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of monoisoamyldimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) against individual and combined effects of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) on the monoaminergic system and behavioral functions in rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to sodium metaarsenite (50 ppm) and lead acetate (0.2%) individually and in combination (As = 25 ppm + Pb = 0.1%) via drinking water from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. MiADMSA (50 mg/kg body weight) was given orally through gavage for 3 consecutive days to pups from PND 18 to PND 20. The results showed increases in synaptosomal epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels with individual metal exposures and decreases with combined exposure to As and Pb in the cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus in PND 21, PND 28, and 3 months age-group rats. We found decreased activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in the selected brain regions following individual and combined exposures to Pb and As. In addition, rats treated with Pb and As alone or in combination showed significant deficits in open-field behavior, grip strength, locomotor activity, and exploratory behavior at PND 28 and 3 months of age. However, MiADMSA administration showed reversal effects against the As- and/or Pb-induced impairments in the monoaminergic system as well as in behavioral functions of rats. Our data demonstrated that the mixture of Pb and As induced synergistic toxicity to developing brain leading to impairments in neurobehavioral functions and also suggest therapeutic efficacy of MiADMSA against Pb- and/or As-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saritha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - K Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Rajrami Reddy
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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24
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Mollon J, Zammit S, Reichenberg A. Clinical Implications of Slower Cognitive Growth in the Psychosis Spectrum-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:756-757. [PMID: 29799903 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.,Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, England
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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25
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Abstract
Schizophrenia patients commonly exhibit substantial and diffuse cognitive impairment. Evidence suggests that subtle cognitive deficits are already apparent in childhood and adolescence, many years prior to onset of psychosis. While there is almost unequivocal evidence of some degree of cognitive impairment in individuals who later develop schizophrenia, the literature remains inconclusive regarding the exact nature of this impairment and warrants careful review and interpretation. Meta-analytic findings suggest that individuals who later develop schizophrenia, but not related disorders, such as bipolar disorder, exhibit a premorbid IQ deficit of around 8 points. Several studies have also found evidence for premorbid deficits across most cognitive domains, such as language, processing speed and executive functions. Longitudinal studies, although rare, suggest that individuals who go on to develop schizophrenia may show a course of increasing cognitive impairment prior to onset of psychosis. While evidence regarding the etiology of premorbid deficits is scarce, common and rare genetic variants, as well as environmental factors such as obstetric complications and cannabis use may play an important role and warrant further examination. In this selected review, we give an overview of population-based studies on premorbid cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, with a special focus on evidence regarding the specificity, profile and course of these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mollon
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Reichenberg
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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26
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Ruden DM, Gurdziel K, Aschner M. Frontiers in Toxicogenomics in the Twenty-First Century-the Grand Challenge: To Understand How the Genome and Epigenome Interact with the Toxic Environment at the Single-Cell, Whole-Organism, and Multi-Generational Level. Front Genet 2017; 8:173. [PMID: 29170679 PMCID: PMC5684185 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,C. S. Mott Center for Human Health and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,C. S. Mott Center for Human Health and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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27
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Bauer JA, Claus Henn B, Austin C, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, White RF, Yang Q, Coull BA, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Arora M. Manganese in teeth and neurobehavior: Sex-specific windows of susceptibility. Environ Int 2017; 108:299-308. [PMID: 28941415 PMCID: PMC5679133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for growth and development, but higher body burdens have been associated with neurobehavioral decrements in children. OBJECTIVES We examined whether prenatal or postnatal Mn measured in deciduous teeth was associated with scores on a test of visuospatial learning and memory. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 142 participants (ages 10-14years) residing near varied ferro‑manganese industry in Italy. Mn concentrations were measured in prenatal and postnatal tooth regions by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Virtual Radial Arm Maze (VRAM), an animal-human analogue task, was used to assess visuospatial learning and memory. We used generalized additive, linear and zero-inflated Poisson mixed regression models to estimate associations between prenatal or postnatal Mn concentrations and repeated measures of all four VRAM outcomes: time, distance, working and reference memory errors. Effect measure modification by sex was examined in stratified models. RESULTS U-shaped associations between prenatal Mn and VRAM outcomes were observed among girls only (pGAMM=0.001 to 0.02 in stratified models). Compared to the mid-tertile of prenatal Mn, girls in the highest tertile took 7.7s [95% CI: -6.1, 21.5] longer to complete the task, traveled 2.3 maze units [0.1, 4.4] farther, and committed more working and reference memory errors (β for count ratio=1.33 [1.01, 1.83]; 1.10 [0.98, 1.24], respectively). This association was not observed among boys. In contrast, for postnatal Mn, no significant associations were found, and patterns were similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS The prenatal period may be a critical window for the impact of environmental Mn on visuospatial ability and executive function, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Velthorst E, Smith L, Bello G, Austin C, Gennings C, Modabbernia A, Franke N, Frangou S, Wright R, de Haan L, Reichenberg A, Arora M. New Research Strategy for Measuring Pre- and Postnatal Metal Dysregulation in Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1153-1157. [PMID: 28981868 PMCID: PMC5737339 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have found evidence for detrimental effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear. The objective was to explore the effect of early metal exposure on risk of psychotic disorder and on symptom severity following illness onset. Through the use of validated tooth-biomarkers, we estimated pre- and postnatal exposure levels of essential elements (copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc) and elements associated with neurotoxicity (lead, arsenic, lithium, and tin). We found consistently higher levels of lithium in patients compared to controls. Higher levels of magnesium and lower levels of zinc were associated with more severe psychopathology over 20 years after metal exposure. The results show promise for the use of teeth biomarkers in examining early environmental risk for psychosis and underscore the relevance of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry,Seaver Center for Treatment and Research,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 212-824-7174, fax: 212-966-8931, e-mail:
| | | | - Ghalib Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Abstract
Many psychopathological symptoms, including schizophrenia, can be associated with magnesium metabolism disturbances. In the literature, contradictory data exist regarding magnesium levels in patients with this disorder. However, this situation might be caused by determination of extracellular concentration of magnesium; although, this is mainly an intracellular ion. There are no data concerning determination of the ionized fraction of magnesium in patients with schizophrenia, while the ionized fraction represents 67% of the total pool of magnesium in healthy people. Also, the mechanism of magnesium action-the effect of magnesium ions on NMDA and GABA receptors-has not yet been fully investigated. There are preliminary studies aimed at increasing the effectiveness of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy via magnesium supplementation. Multidirectional activity of magnesium can significantly increase its therapeutic effect in psychiatry. This observation is confirmed by recent studies conducted by various research teams. However, further studies on the role of magnesium supplementation in patients with schizophrenia are needed.
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30
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Jung JM, Lee J, Kim KH, Jang IG, Song JG, Kang K, Tack FMG, Oh JI, Kwon EE, Kim HW. The effect of lead exposure on fatty acid composition in mouse brain analyzed using pseudo-catalytic derivatization. Environ Pollut 2017; 222:182-190. [PMID: 28104346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed toxicological study of mice exposed to lead by quantifying fatty acids in brain of the mice. This study suggests that the introduced analytical method had an extremely high tolerance against impurities such as water and extractives; thus, it led to the enhanced resolution in visualizing the spectrum of fatty acid profiles in animal brain. Furthermore, one of the biggest technical advantages achieved in this study was the quantitation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of mouse brain using a trace amount of sample (e.g., 100 μL mixture). Methanol was screened as the most effective extraction solvent for mouse brain. The behavioral test of the mice before and after lead exposure was conducted to see the effect of lead exposure on fatty acid composition of the mice' brain. The lead exposure led to changes in disease-related behavior of the mice. Also, the lead exposure induced significant alterations of fatty acid profile (C16:0, C 18:0, and C 18:1) in brain of the mice, implicated in pathology of psychiatric diseases. The alteration of fatty acid profile of brain of the mice suggests that the derivatizing technique can be applicable to most research fields associated with the environmental neurotoxins with better resolution in a short time, as compared to the current protocols for lipid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Geon Jang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Song
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land & Housing Institute, Daejon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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