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Sigal Carriço MR, Diaz Rodrigues M, Piaia Ramborger B, Cristofari Gayer M, Kanaan SHH, Moreira Farias F, Gasparotto Denardin EL, Roehrs R. Influence of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid phytoremediation by plectranthus neochilus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38800998 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2357639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide widely used in crops against broadleaf weeds. However, 2,4-D residues are considered an environmental pollutant in bodies of water. Phytoremediation with Plectranthus neochilus is a substantial strategy to remove 2,4-D from the aquatic environment. The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of the association of the photostimulus by Light Emitting Diodes (LED) with P. neochilus to improve phytoremediation of 2,4-D in water. Phytoremediation was evaluated with the following samples: natural light, white LED, blue LED, and red LED, with and without the plant as controls. The data corresponding to the validation of the method were in accordance with the required parameters: R2: 0.9926; RSD: 1.74%; LOD: 0.075 mg.L-1; LOQ: 0.227 mg.L-1 and recovery by SPE was 76.57%. The efficiency of the association of LED with P. neochilus in the 28 days was: ambient light + plant (47.0%); white light + plant (37.10%); blue light + plant (26.80%); red light + plant (3.32%). This study demonstrated, for the first time, the efficiency of using LEDs light in association with P. neochilus for the phytoremediation of 2,4-D in water.
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Verlicchi P, Lacasa E, Grillini V. Quantitative and qualitative approaches for CEC prioritization when reusing reclaimed water for irrigation needs - A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165735. [PMID: 37495137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for irrigation is an option that is becoming increasingly widespread to alleviate water scarcity and to cope with drought. However, reclaimed water, if used for irrigation, may introduce Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) into the agroecosystems, which may be taken up by the crops and subsequently enter the food chain. The number of CECs is steadily increasing due to their continuous introduction on the market for different uses. There is an urgent need to draw up a short list of potential high priority CECs, which are substances that could be taken up by plants and accumulated in food produce, and/or that could have negative effects on human health and the environment. This review presents and discusses the approaches developed to prioritize CECs when reclaimed water is (re-)used for irrigation. They are divided into quantitative methodologies, which estimate the risk for environmental compartments (soil and water), predators and humans through equations, and qualitative methodologies, which are instead conceptual frameworks or procedures based on the simultaneous combination of data/information/practices with the judgment of experts. Three antibiotics (erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin), one estrogen (17-α ethinylestradiol) and one analgesic (ibuprofen) were found on at least two priority lists, although comparison among studies is still difficult. The review remarks that it is advisable to harmonize the different methodologies in order to identify the priority CECs to include in monitoring programs in reclaimed water reuse projects and to ensure a high level of protection for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
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Švecová H, Vojs Staňová A, Klement A, Kodešová R, Grabic R. LC-HRMS method for study of pharmaceutical uptake in plants: effect of pH under aeroponic condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96219-96230. [PMID: 37566327 PMCID: PMC10482775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause water scarcity in many regions, and the sustainable use of recycled water appears crucial, especially in agriculture. However, potentially hazardous compounds such as pharmaceuticals can enter the food chain and pose severe risks. This paper aims to study the presence of selected pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) and their metabolites in crops grown in aeroponic conditions and evaluate the potential of PhAC plant uptake. A solvent extraction with an acidified mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by LC-HRMS was developed and validated for quantifying nine pharmaceuticals and their nine metabolites in three plants. We aimed for a robust method with a wide linear range because an extensive concentration range in different matrices was expected. The developed method proved rapid and reliable determination of selected pharmaceuticals in plants in the wide concentration range of 10 to 20,000 ng g-1 and limit of detection range 0.4 to 9.0 ng g-1. The developed method was used to study the uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in plant tissues from an aeroponic experiment at three different pH levels. Carbamazepine accumulated more in the leaves of spinach than in arugula. On the other hand, sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin evinced higher accumulation in roots than in leaves, comparable in both plants. The expected effect of pH on plants' uptake was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švecová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Muerdter C, Powers MM, Webb DT, Chowdhury S, Roach KE, LeFevre GH. Functional Group Properties and Position Drive Differences in Xenobiotic Plant Uptake Rates, but Metabolism Shares a Similar Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:596-603. [PMID: 37455864 PMCID: PMC10339724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of xenobiotic compounds is crucial for phytoremediation (including green stormwater infrastructure) and exposure potential during crop irrigation with recycled water. Experimentally determining the plant uptake for every relevant chemical is impractical; therefore, illuminating the role of specific functional groups on the uptake of trace organic contaminants is needed to enhance predictive power. We used benzimidazole derivatives to probe the impact of functional group electrostatic properties and position on plant uptake and metabolism using the hydroponic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The greatest plant uptake rates occurred with an electron-withdrawing functional group at the 2 position; however, uptake was still observed with an electron-donating group. An electron-donating group at the 1 position significantly slowed uptake for both benzimidazole- and benzotriazole-based molecules used in this study, indicating possible steric effects. For unsubstituted benzimidazole and benzotriazole structures, the additional heterocyclic nitrogen in benzotriazole increased plant uptake rates compared to benzimidazole. Analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationship parameters for the studied compounds implicates energy-related molecular descriptors as uptake drivers. Despite significantly varied uptake rates, compounds with different functional groups yielded shared metabolites, including an impact on endogenous glutathione production. Although the topic is complex and influenced by multiple factors in the field, this study provides insights into the impact of functional groups on plant uptake, with implications for environmental fate and consumer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
P. Muerdter
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Megan M. Powers
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Danielle T. Webb
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sraboni Chowdhury
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kaitlyn E. Roach
- University
of Iowa Secondary Student Training Program, Belin-Blank Center, 600 Blank Honors Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory H. LeFevre
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Verlicchi P, Grillini V, Lacasa E, Archer E, Krzeminski P, Gomes AI, Vilar VJP, Rodrigo MA, Gäbler J, Schäfer L. Selection of indicator contaminants of emerging concern when reusing reclaimed water for irrigation - A proposed methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162359. [PMID: 36822429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic and microbial contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), even though not yet regulated, are of great concern in reclaimed water reuse projects. Due to the large number of CECs and their different characteristics, it is useful to include only a limited number of them in monitoring programs. The selection of the most representative CECs is still a current and open question. This study presents a new methodology for this scope, in particular for the evaluation of the performance of a polishing treatment and the assessment of the risk for the environment and the irrigated crops. As to organic CECs, the methodology is based on four criteria (occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity) expressed in terms of surrogates (respectively, concentrations in the secondary effluent, removal achieved in conventional activated sludge systems, Log Kow and predicted-no-effect concentration). It consists of: (i) development of a dataset including the CECs found in the secondary effluent, together with the corresponding values of surrogates found in the literature or by in-field investigations; (ii) normalization step with the assignment of a score between 1 (low environmental impact) and 5 (high environmental impact) to the different criteria based on threshold values set according to the literature and experts' judgement; (iii) CEC ranking according to their final score obtained as the sum of the specific scores; and (iv) selection of the representative CECs for the different needs. Regarding microbial CECs, the selection is based on their occurrence and their highest detection frequency in the secondary effluent and in the receiving water, the antibiotic consumption patterns, and recommendations by national and international organisations. The methodology was applied within the ongoing reuse project SERPIC resulting in a list of 30 indicator CECs, including amoxicillin, bisphenol A, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, erythromycin, ibuprofen, iopromide, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, Escherichia coli, faecal coliform, 16S rRNA, sul1, and sul2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - V Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - E Lacasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | - E Archer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - P Krzeminski
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Urban Environments and Infrastructure Section, Økernveien 94, N-0579 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A I Gomes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - V J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Gäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - L Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Khalaf DM, Cruzeiro C, Schröder P. Removal of tramadol from water using Typha angustifolia and Hordeum vulgare as biological models: Possible interaction with other pollutants in short-term uptake experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151164. [PMID: 34695465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol (TRD) is widely detected in aquatic ecosystems as a result of massive abuse and insufficient removal from wastewater facilities. As a result, TRD can contaminate groundwater sources and/or agricultural soils. While TRD toxicity has been reported from aquatic biota, data about TRD detection in plants are scarce. Moreover, information regarding plant capability for TRD removal is lacking. To understand the fate of this opioid, we have investigated the uptake, translocation and removal capacity of TRD by plants, addressing short-term and long-term uptake. The uptake rates of TRD, in excised barley and cattail roots, were 5.18 and 5.79 μg g-1 root fresh weight day-1, respectively. However, TRD uptake was strongly inhibited after co-exposing these roots either with the drug venlafaxine (similar molecular structure as TRD) or with quinidine (an inhibitor of cellular organic cation transporters). When barley seedlings were exposed to TRD in a hydroponic experiment a removal efficiency up to 90% (within 15 days) was obtained, with bioconcentration and translocation factors close to 9 and 1, respectively. The combination of results from both plants and the inhibition observed after treatment with quinidine revealed that organic cation transporters may be involved in the uptake of TRD by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mamdouh Khalaf
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Dolui D, Saha I, Adak MK. 2, 4-D removal efficiency of Salvinia natans L. and its tolerance to oxidative stresses through glutathione metabolism under induction of light and darkness. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111708. [PMID: 33396039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a laboratory based study, Salvinia natans L. was pre-treated with reduced glutathione (GSH) following transfer under 2, 4-Dicholro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), peroxide (H2O2), dark and irradiation. Plants recorded 2, 4-D bio-accumulation and tolerance maximally under 500 µM following absorption kinetics modulated with GSH in changes of relative water content (20.98%), growth rate (3.04%) and net assimilation rate (1.3 fold) over control. GSH pre-treatment minimized the oxidative revelation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 5.55% decrease under 2, 4-D and 1.3, 1.2, 0.8 fold increase through the other stresses. Apoplastic NADPH-oxidase expression was moderated by GSH with 11.76% less over the control. Also the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase had their altered values by 1.5 and 9.0 fold increases respectively and may serve as biomarkers. The oxidized:reduced glutathione was positively correlated with glutathione-peroxidase (r=+0.99) and negatively with glutathione reductase (r=-0.04). The induced activities sustained oxidized:reduced GSH pool by 1.09 fold and had varied polymorphic gene expression under 2, 4-D and allied stresses. This study may be relevant to consider Salvinia as a potent weed species remediating 2, 4-D toxicity in soil with its wider hyper-accumulating efficiency. The cellular responses in tolerance to oxidative stress and thereby, induced physiological attributes may opt for selection pressures in other weed flora for broader aspects of phytoremediation against xenobiotics like 2, 4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dolui
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Indraneel Saha
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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