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Wang D, Liu Y, Li L, Li X, Cheng X, Guo Z, Cao G, Zhang Y. Construction and Influence of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Early Embryo Development in Black Bone Sheep. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:484. [PMID: 40427674 PMCID: PMC12109116 DOI: 10.3390/biology14050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 04/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
The piggyBac+TET-on transposon induction system has a high efficiency in integrating exogenous genes in multiple cell types, can precisely integrate to reduce genomic damage, has a flexible gene expression regulation, and a strong genetic stability. When used in conjunction with somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments, it can precisely and effectively reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of early biological development. This study successfully reprogrammed black-boned sheep fibroblasts (SFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using the piggyBac+TET-on transposon system and investigated their impact on early embryonic development. Seven exogenous reprogramming factors (bovine OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMyc, porcine NANOG, Lin-28, and SV40 Large T) were delivered into SFs, successfully inducing iPSCs. A growth performance analysis revealed that iPSC clones exhibited a raised or flat morphology with clear edges, positive alkaline phosphatase staining, and normal karyotypes. The transcriptome analysis indicated a significant enrichment of iPSCs in oxidative phosphorylation and cell proliferation pathways, with an up-regulated expression of the ATP5B, SDHB, Bcl-2, CDK1, and Cyclin D1 genes and a down-regulated expression of BAX (p < 0.05). Somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments demonstrated that the cleavage rate (85% ± 2.12) and blastocyst rate (52% ± 2.11) of the iPSCs were significantly higher than those of the SFs (p < 0.05). The detection of trilineage marker genes confirmed that the expression levels of endoderm (DCN, NANOS3, FOXA2, FOXD3, SOX17), mesoderm (KDR, CD34, NFH), and ectoderm (NEUROD) markers in iPSCs were significantly higher than in SFs (p < 0.01). The findings demonstrate that black-boned sheep iPSCs possess pluripotency and the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, revealing the mechanisms by which reprogrammed iPSCs influence early embryonic development and providing a critical foundation for research on sheep pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- Animal Embryo and Developmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Higher Education, Institutions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- Animal Embryo and Developmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Higher Education, Institutions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- Animal Embryo and Developmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Higher Education, Institutions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
- Animal Embryo and Developmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Higher Education, Institutions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Hohhot 010011, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.G.)
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Nehme E, Panda A, Migeotte I, Pasque V. Extra-embryonic mesoderm during development and in in vitro models. Development 2025; 152:DEV204624. [PMID: 40085077 DOI: 10.1242/dev.204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Extra-embryonic tissues provide protection and nutrition in vertebrates, as well as a connection to the maternal tissues in mammals. The extra-embryonic mesoderm is an essential and understudied germ layer present in amniotes. It is involved in hematopoiesis, as well as in the formation of extra-embryonic structures such as the amnion, umbilical cord and placenta. The origin and specification of extra-embryonic mesoderm are not entirely conserved across species, and the molecular mechanisms governing its formation and function are not fully understood. This Review begins with an overview of the embryonic origin and function of extra-embryonic mesoderm in vertebrates from in vivo studies. We then compare in vitro models that generate extra-embryonic mesoderm-like cells. Finally, we discuss how insights from studying both embryos and in vitro systems can aid in designing even more advanced stem cell-based embryo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nehme
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Amitesh Panda
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- IRIBHM J.E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Karangelis D. In Vitro Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Embryoid Bodies, Organoids and Everything in Between. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2714. [PMID: 39767621 PMCID: PMC11726960 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease comprises a group of disorders affecting or originating within tissues and organs of the cardiovascular system; most, if not all, will eventually result in cardiomyocyte dysfunction or death, negatively impacting cardiac function. Effective models of cardiac disease are thus important for understanding crucial aspects of disease progression, while recent advancements in stem cell biology have allowed for the use of stem cell populations to derive such models. These include three-dimensional (3D) models such as stem cell-based models of embryos (SCME) as well as organoids, many of which are frequently derived from embryoid bodies (EB). Not only can they recapitulate 3D form and function, but the developmental programs governing the self-organization of cell populations into more complex tissues as well. Many different organoids and SCME constructs have been generated in recent years to recreate cardiac tissue and the complex developmental programs that give rise to its cellular composition and unique tissue morphology. It is thus the purpose of this narrative literature review to describe and summarize many of the recently derived cardiac organoid models as well as their use for the recapitulation of genetic and acquired disease. Owing to the cellular composition of the models examined, this review will focus on disease and tissue injury associated with embryonic/fetal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M. Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace University General Hospital, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.C.C.); (D.K.)
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