1
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Hislop J, Song Q, Keshavarz F K, Alavi A, Schoenberger R, LeGraw R, Velazquez JJ, Mokhtari T, Taheri MN, Rytel M, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Watkins S, Stolz D, Kiani S, Sozen B, Bar-Joseph Z, Ebrahimkhani MR. Modelling post-implantation human development to yolk sac blood emergence. Nature 2024; 626:367-376. [PMID: 38092041 PMCID: PMC10849971 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Implantation of the human embryo begins a critical developmental stage that comprises profound events including axis formation, gastrulation and the emergence of haematopoietic system1,2. Our mechanistic knowledge of this window of human life remains limited due to restricted access to in vivo samples for both technical and ethical reasons3-5. Stem cell models of human embryo have emerged to help unlock the mysteries of this stage6-16. Here we present a genetically inducible stem cell-derived embryoid model of early post-implantation human embryogenesis that captures the reciprocal codevelopment of embryonic tissue and the extra-embryonic endoderm and mesoderm niche with early haematopoiesis. This model is produced from induced pluripotent stem cells and shows unanticipated self-organizing cellular programmes similar to those that occur in embryogenesis, including the formation of amniotic cavity and bilaminar disc morphologies as well as the generation of an anterior hypoblast pole and posterior domain. The extra-embryonic layer in these embryoids lacks trophoblast and shows advanced multilineage yolk sac tissue-like morphogenesis that harbours a process similar to distinct waves of haematopoiesis, including the emergence of erythroid-, megakaryocyte-, myeloid- and lymphoid-like cells. This model presents an easy-to-use, high-throughput, reproducible and scalable platform to probe multifaceted aspects of human development and blood formation at the early post-implantation stage. It will provide a tractable human-based model for drug testing and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hislop
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qi Song
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kamyar Keshavarz F
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amir Alavi
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rayna Schoenberger
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan LeGraw
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tahere Mokhtari
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Naser Taheri
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Rytel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samira Kiani
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Berna Sozen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Tzung KW, Lalonde RL, Prummel KD, Mahabaleshwar H, Moran HR, Stundl J, Cass AN, Le Y, Lea R, Dorey K, Tomecka MJ, Zhang C, Brombacher EC, White WT, Roehl HH, Tulenko FJ, Winkler C, Currie PD, Amaya E, Davis MC, Bronner ME, Mosimann C, Carney TJ. A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins. Nature 2023; 618:543-549. [PMID: 37225983 PMCID: PMC10266977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh-Weei Tzung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin D Prummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda N Cass
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Yao Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Lea
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karel Dorey
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Monika J Tomecka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William T White
- CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Australia National Fish Collection, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Henry H Roehl
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank J Tulenko
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus C Davis
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tom J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Abstract
In warm-blooded vertebrate embryos (mammals and birds), the axial tissues of the body form from a growth zone at the tail end, Hensen's node, which generates neural, mesodermal, and endodermal structures along the midline. While most cells only pass through this region, the node has been suggested to contain a small population of resident stem cells. However, it is unknown whether the rest of the node constitutes an instructive niche that specifies this self-renewal behavior. Here, we use heterotopic transplantation of groups and single cells and show that cells not destined to enter the node can become resident and self-renew. Long-term resident cells are restricted to the posterior part of the node and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that the majority of these resident cells preferentially express G2/M phase cell-cycle-related genes. These results provide strong evidence that the node functions as a niche to maintain self-renewal of axial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom;
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Dutrow EV, Emera D, Yim K, Uebbing S, Kocher AA, Krenzer M, Nottoli T, Burkhardt DB, Krishnaswamy S, Louvi A, Noonan JP. Modeling uniquely human gene regulatory function via targeted humanization of the mouse genome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:304. [PMID: 35027568 PMCID: PMC8758698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of uniquely human traits likely entailed changes in developmental gene regulation. Human Accelerated Regions (HARs), which include transcriptional enhancers harboring a significant excess of human-specific sequence changes, are leading candidates for driving gene regulatory modifications in human development. However, insight into whether HARs alter the level, distribution, and timing of endogenous gene expression remains limited. We examined the role of the HAR HACNS1 (HAR2) in human evolution by interrogating its molecular functions in a genetically humanized mouse model. We find that HACNS1 maintains its human-specific enhancer activity in the mouse embryo and modifies expression of Gbx2, which encodes a transcription factor, during limb development. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that Gbx2 is upregulated in the limb chondrogenic mesenchyme of HACNS1 homozygous embryos, supporting that HACNS1 alters gene expression in cell types involved in skeletal patterning. Our findings illustrate that humanized mouse models provide mechanistic insight into how HARs modified gene expression in human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Dutrow
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Deena Emera
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Center for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Kristina Yim
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Severin Uebbing
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Acadia A Kocher
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Martina Krenzer
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Neuroscience Research Training Program, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Timothy Nottoli
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Daniel B Burkhardt
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Cellarity, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - James P Noonan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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5
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Sato Y, Fujiwara M, Nishino H, Harada R, Kawasaki E, Morimoto R, Ohgo S, Wada N. Normal skeletal pattern formation in chick limb bud with a mesenchymal hole is mediated by adjustment of cellular properties along the anterior-posterior axis in the limb bud. Dev Biol 2021; 483:76-88. [PMID: 34973174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chick limb bud has plasticity to reconstruct a normal skeletal pattern after a part of mesenchymal mass is excised to make a hole in its early stage of development. To understand the details of hole closure and re-establishment of normal limb axes to reconstruct a normal limb skeleton, we focused on cellular and molecular changes during hole repair and limb restoration. We excised a cube-shaped mass of mesenchymal cells from the medial region of chick hindlimb bud (stage 23) and observed the following morphogenesis. The hole had closed by 15 h after excision, followed by restoration of the limb bud morphology, and the cartilage pattern was largely restored by 48 h. Lineage analysis of the mesenchymal cells showed that cells at the anterior and posterior margins of the hole were adjoined at the hole closure site, whereas cells at the proximal and distal margins were not. To investigate cell polarity during hole repair, we analyzed intracellular positioning of the Golgi apparatus relative to the nuclei. We found that the Golgi apparatus tended to be directed toward the hole among cells at the anterior and posterior margins but not among cells at identical positions in normal limb buds or cells at the proximal and distal hole margins. In the manipulated limb buds, the frequency of cell proliferation was maintained compared with the control side. Tbx3 expression, which was usually restricted to anterior and posterior margins of the limb bud, was temporarily expanded medially and then reverted to a normal pattern as limb reconstruction proceeded, with Tbx3 negative cells reappearing in the medial regions of the limb buds. Thus, mesenchymal hole closure and limb reconstruction are mainly mediated by cells at the anterior and posterior hole margins. These results suggest that adjustment of cellular properties along the anteroposterior axis is crucial to restore limb damage and reconstruct normal skeletal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Momoko Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishino
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Rei Harada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohgo
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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6
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Reynolds S, Pierce C, Powell B, Kite A, Hall-Ruiz N, Schilling T, Le Pabic P. A show of Hands: Novel and conserved expression patterns of teleost hand paralogs during craniofacial, heart, fin, peripheral nervous system and gut development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1796-1809. [PMID: 34091971 PMCID: PMC8639631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand genes are required for the development of the vertebrate jaw, heart, peripheral nervous system, limb, gut, placenta, and decidua. Two Hand paralogues, Hand1 and Hand2, are present in most vertebrates, where they mediate different functions yet overlap in expression. In ray-finned fishes, Hand gene expression and function is only known for the zebrafish, which represents the rare condition of having a single Hand gene, hand2. Here we describe the developmental expression of hand1 and hand2 in the cichlid Copadichromis azureus. RESULTS hand1 and hand2 are expressed in the cichlid heart, paired fins, pharyngeal arches, peripheral nervous system, gut, and lateral plate mesoderm with different degrees of overlap. CONCLUSIONS Hand gene expression in the gut, peripheral nervous system, and pharyngeal arches may have already been fixed in the lobe- and ray-finned fish common ancestor. In other embryonic regions, such as paired appendages, hand2 expression was fixed, while hand1 expression diverged in lobe- and ray-finned fish lineages. In the lateral plate mesoderm and arch associated catecholaminergic cells, hand1 and hand2 swapped expression between divergent lineages. Distinct expression of cichlid hand1 and hand2 in the epicardium and myocardium of the developing heart may represent the ancestral pattern for bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reynolds
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Christian Pierce
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Powell
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Kite
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas Hall-Ruiz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
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7
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He H, Chen J, Zhao J, Zhang P, Qiao Y, Wan H, Wang J, Mei M, Bao S, Li Q. PRMT7 targets of Foxm1 controls alveolar myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation during alveologenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:841. [PMID: 34497269 PMCID: PMC8426482 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although aberrant alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs) proliferation and differentiation are often associated with abnormal lung development and diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epigenetic mechanisms regulating proliferation and differentiation of AMYFs remain poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is the only reported type III enzyme responsible for monomethylation of arginine residue on both histone and nonhistone substrates. Here we provide evidence for PRMT7's function in regulating AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis. In PRMT7-deficient mice, we found reduced AMYFs proliferation and differentiation, abnormal elastin deposition, and failure of alveolar septum formation. We further shown that oncogene forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) is a direct target of PRMT7 and that PRMT7-catalyzed monomethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3me1) directly associate with chromatin of Foxm1 to activate its transcription, and thereby regulate of cell cycle-related genes to inhibit AMYFs proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of Foxm1 in isolated myofibroblasts (MYFs) significantly rescued PRMT7-deficiency-induced cell proliferation and differentiation defects. Thus, our results reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism through which PRMT7-mediated histone arginine monomethylation activates Foxm1 transcriptional expression to regulate AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis and may represent a potential target for intervention in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Peizhun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuling Li
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China.
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8
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Farmer DT, Mlcochova H, Zhou Y, Koelling N, Wang G, Ashley N, Bugacov H, Chen HJ, Parvez R, Tseng KC, Merrill AE, Maxson RE, Wilkie AOM, Crump JG, Twigg SRF. The developing mouse coronal suture at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4797. [PMID: 34376651 PMCID: PMC8355337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sutures separate the flat bones of the skull and enable coordinated growth of the brain and overlying cranium. The coronal suture is most commonly fused in monogenic craniosynostosis, yet the unique aspects of its development remain incompletely understood. To uncover the cellular diversity within the murine embryonic coronal suture, we generated single-cell transcriptomes and performed extensive expression validation. We find distinct pre-osteoblast signatures between the bone fronts and periosteum, a ligament-like population above the suture that persists into adulthood, and a chondrogenic-like population in the dura mater underlying the suture. Lineage tracing reveals an embryonic Six2+ osteoprogenitor population that contributes to the postnatal suture mesenchyme, with these progenitors being preferentially affected in a Twist1+/-; Tcf12+/- mouse model of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome. This single-cell atlas provides a resource for understanding the development of the coronal suture and the mechanisms for its loss in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hana Mlcochova
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nils Koelling
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Single cell facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Bugacov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Riana Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Fazilaty H, Brügger MD, Valenta T, Szczerba BM, Berkova L, Doumpas N, Hausmann G, Scharl M, Basler K. Tracing colonic embryonic transcriptional profiles and their reactivation upon intestinal damage. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109484. [PMID: 34348153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We lack a holistic understanding of the genetic programs orchestrating embryonic colon morphogenesis and governing damage response in the adult. A window into these programs is the transcriptomes of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations in the colon. Performing unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing mouse colon at different embryonic stages (embryonic day 14.5 [E14.5], E15.5, and E18.5), we capture cellular and molecular profiles of the stages before, during, and after the appearance of crypt structures, as well as in a model of adult colitis. The data suggest most adult lineages are established by E18.5. We find embryonic-specific gene expression profiles and cell populations that reappear in response to tissue damage. Comparison of the datasets from mice and human colitis suggests the processes are conserved. In this study, we provide a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the developing mouse colon and evidence for the reactivation of embryonic genes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbara M Szczerba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Berkova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Hayashi S, Suzuki H, Takemoto T. The nephric mesenchyme lineage of intermediate mesoderm is derived from Tbx6-expressing derivatives of neuro-mesodermal progenitors via BMP-dependent Osr1 function. Dev Biol 2021; 478:155-162. [PMID: 34256037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate embryos, the kidney primordium metanephros is formed from two distinct cell lineages, Wolffian duct and metanephric mesenchyme, which were classically grouped as intermediate mesoderm. Whereas the reciprocal interactions between these two cell populations in kidney development have been studied extensively, the mechanisms generating them remain elusive. Here, we show that the mouse cell lineage that forms nephric mesenchyme develops as a subpopulation of Tbx6-expressing mesodermal precursor derivatives of neuro-mesodermal progenitors (NMPs) under the condition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signal-dependent Osr1 expression. The Osr1-expressing nephric mesenchyme precursors were confirmed as descendants of NMPs because they were labeled by Sox2 N1 enhancer-EGFP. In Tbx6 mutant embryos, nephric mesenchyme changed its fate into neural tissues, which reflected its NMP origin. In Osr1 mutant embryos, the specific region of the Tbx6-expressing mesoderm precursor, which normally expresses Osr1 and develops into the nephric mesenchyme, instead expressed the somite marker FoxC2. BMP signaling activated Osr1 expression in a region of TBX6-expressing mesoderm and elicited nephric mesenchyme development. This study suggested a new model of cell lineage segregation during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Medical Advanced Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Medical Advanced Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Embryology, Institute of Medical Advanced Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
During embryonic development, cells differentiate into a variety of distinct cell types and subtypes with diverse transcriptional profiles. To date, transcriptomic signatures of different cell lineages that arise during development have been only partially characterized. Here we used single-cell RNA-seq to perform transcriptomic analysis of over 20,000 cells disaggregated from the trunk region of zebrafish embryos at the 30 hpf stage. Transcriptional signatures of 27 different cell types and subtypes were identified and annotated during this analysis. This dataset will be a useful resource for many researchers in the fields of developmental and cellular biology and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate cell lineage choices during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Metikala
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Satish Casie Chetty
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Spencer Chapman M, Ranzoni AM, Myers B, Williams N, Coorens THH, Mitchell E, Butler T, Dawson KJ, Hooks Y, Moore L, Nangalia J, Robinson PS, Yoshida K, Hook E, Campbell PJ, Cvejic A. Lineage tracing of human development through somatic mutations. Nature 2021; 595:85-90. [PMID: 33981037 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ontogeny of the human haematopoietic system during fetal development has previously been characterized mainly through careful microscopic observations1. Here we reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of blood development using whole-genome sequencing of 511 single-cell-derived haematopoietic colonies from healthy human fetuses at 8 and 18 weeks after conception, coupled with deep targeted sequencing of tissues of known embryonic origin. We found that, in healthy fetuses, individual haematopoietic progenitors acquire tens of somatic mutations by 18 weeks after conception. We used these mutations as barcodes and timed the divergence of embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues during development, and estimated the number of blood antecedents at different stages of embryonic development. Our data support a hypoblast origin of the extra-embryonic mesoderm and primitive blood in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spencer Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Maria Ranzoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brynelle Myers
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Moore
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip S Robinson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Hook
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Yadav PS, Feng S, Cong Q, Kim H, Liu Y, Yang Y. Stat3 loss in mesenchymal progenitors causes Job syndrome-like skeletal defects by reducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020100118. [PMID: 34172578 PMCID: PMC8256036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Job syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by STAT3 mutations and primarily characterized by immune dysfunction along with comorbid skeleton developmental abnormalities including osteopenia, recurrent fracture of long bones, and scoliosis. So far, there is no definitive cure for the skeletal defects in Job syndrome, and treatments are limited to management of clinical symptoms only. Here, we have investigated the molecular mechanism whereby Stat3 regulates skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. We showed that removing Stat3 function in the developing limb mesenchyme or osteoprogenitor cells in mice resulted in shortened and bow limbs with multiple fractures in long bones that resembled the skeleton symptoms in the Job Syndrome. However, Stat3 loss did not alter chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy in embryonic development, while osteoblast differentiation was severely reduced. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses as well as biochemical and histological studies showed that Stat3 loss resulted in down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Restoration of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by injecting BIO, a small molecule inhibitor of GSK3, or crossing with a Lrp5 gain of function (GOF) allele, rescued the bone reduction phenotypes due to Stat3 loss to a great extent. These studies uncover the essential functions of Stat3 in maintaining Wnt/β-catenin signaling in early mesenchymal or osteoprogenitor cells and provide evidence that bone defects in the Job Syndrome are likely caused by Wnt/β-catenin signaling reduction due to reduced STAT3 activities in bone development. Enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling could be a therapeutic approach to reduce bone symptoms of Job syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Swaroop Yadav
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shuhao Feng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115;
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
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14
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Abstract
Birth defects of the external genitalia are among the most common in the world. Proper formation of the external genitalia requires a highly orchestrated process that involves special cell populations and sexually dimorphic hormone signaling. It is clear what the end result of the sexually dimorphic development is (a penis in the male versus clitoris in the female); however, the cell populations involved in the process remain poorly defined. Here, we used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing in mouse embryos to uncover the dynamic changes in cell populations in the external genitalia during the critical morphogenetic window. We found that overall, male and female external genitalia are largely composed of the same core cellular components. At the bipotential stage of development (embryonic day or E14.5), few differences in cell populational composition exist between male and female. Although similar in cell population composition, genetic differences in key sexual differentiation developmental pathways arise between males and females by the early (E16.5) and late (E18.5) differentiation stages. These differences include discrete cell populations with distinct responsiveness to androgen and estrogen. By late sexual differentiation (E18.5), unique cell populations in both male and female genitalia become apparent and are enriched with androgen- and estrogen-responsive genes, respectively. These data provide insights into the morphogenesis of the external genitalia that could be used to understand diseases associated with defects in the external genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Maurizio Amato
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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15
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Esteves de Lima J, Blavet C, Bonnin MA, Hirsinger E, Comai G, Yvernogeau L, Delfini MC, Bellenger L, Mella S, Nassari S, Robin C, Schweitzer R, Fournier-Thibault C, Jaffredo T, Tajbakhsh S, Relaix F, Duprez D. Unexpected contribution of fibroblasts to muscle lineage as a mechanism for limb muscle patterning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3851. [PMID: 34158501 PMCID: PMC8219714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positional information driving limb muscle patterning is contained in connective tissue fibroblasts but not in myogenic cells. Limb muscles originate from somites, while connective tissues originate from lateral plate mesoderm. With cell and genetic lineage tracing we challenge this model and identify an unexpected contribution of lateral plate-derived fibroblasts to the myogenic lineage, preferentially at the myotendinous junction. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from whole limbs at successive developmental stages identifies a population displaying a dual muscle and connective tissue signature. BMP signalling is active in this dual population and at the tendon/muscle interface. In vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments show that BMP signalling regulates a fibroblast-to-myoblast conversion. These results suggest a scenario in which BMP signalling converts a subset of lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells to a myogenic fate in order to create a boundary of fibroblast-derived myonuclei at the myotendinous junction that controls limb muscle patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Esteves de Lima
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Cédrine Blavet
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Bonnin
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
- Hubrecht Institute-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Delfini
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Léa Bellenger
- Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-FR3631, ARTbio Bioinformatics Platform, Inserm US 037, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Mella
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Sonya Nassari
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claire Fournier-Thibault
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS-UMR 7622, Paris, France.
- Inserm U1156, Paris, France.
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16
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Alkobtawi M, Pla P, Monsoro-Burq AH. BMP signaling is enhanced intracellularly by FHL3 controlling WNT-dependent spatiotemporal emergence of the neural crest. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109289. [PMID: 34161771 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal coordination of multiple morphogens is essential for embryonic patterning yet poorly understood. During neural crest (NC) formation, dynamic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and WNT signals cooperate by acting on mesoderm and ectoderm. Here, we show that Fhl3, a scaffold LIM domain protein, modulates BMP gradient interpretation during NC induction. During gastrulation, low BMP signaling neuralizes the neural border (NB) ectoderm, while Fhl3 enhances Smad1 intracellular response in underlying paraxial mesoderm, triggering the high WNT8 signals needed to pattern the NB. During neurulation, fhl3 activation in NC ectoderm promotes simultaneous high BMP and BMP-dependent WNT activity required for specification. Mechanistically, Fhl3 interacts with Smad1 and promotes Smad1 binding to wnt8 promoter in a BMP-dependent manner. Consequently, differential Fhl3 expression in adjacent cells ensures a finely tuned coordination of BMP and WNT signaling at several stages of NC development, starting by positioning the NC-inducing mesoderm center under competent NB ectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alkobtawi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Pla
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Yu Q, Kilik U, Holloway EM, Tsai YH, Harmel C, Wu A, Wu JH, Czerwinski M, Childs CJ, He Z, Capeling MM, Huang S, Glass IA, Higgins PDR, Treutlein B, Spence JR, Camp JG. Charting human development using a multi-endodermal organ atlas and organoid models. Cell 2021; 184:3281-3298.e22. [PMID: 34019796 PMCID: PMC8208823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organs are composed of diverse cell types that traverse transient states during organogenesis. To interrogate this diversity during human development, we generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas from multiple developing endodermal organs of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. We illuminate cell states, transcription factors, and organ-specific epithelial stem cell and mesenchyme interactions across lineages. We implement the atlas as a high-dimensional search space to benchmark human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) under multiple culture conditions. We show that HIOs recapitulate reference cell states and use HIOs to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme emergence. We show that the mesenchyme-derived niche cue NRG1 enhances intestinal stem cell maturation in vitro and that the homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is required for regionalization of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme in humans. This work combines cell atlases and organoid technologies to understand how human organ development is orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Kilik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christoph Harmel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Kundert PN, Jordan VK, Scott TM, Carmichael J, Scott DA. RERE deficiency contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in humans and mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:595-602. [PMID: 33772547 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are the most common telomeric deletions in humans and are associated with an increased risk of orofacial clefting. Deletion/phenotype mapping, combined with data from human and mouse studies, suggests the existence of multiple 1p36 genes associated with orofacial clefting including SKI, PRDM16, PAX7 and GRHL3. The arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats gene (RERE) is located in the proximal critical region for 1p36 deletion syndrome and encodes a nuclear receptor co-regulator. Pathogenic RERE variants have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye or heart (NEDBEH). Cleft lip has previously been described in one individual with NEDBEH. Here we report the first individual with NEDBEH to have a cleft palate. We confirm that RERE is broadly expressed in the palate during mouse embryonic development, and we demonstrate that the majority of RERE-deficient mouse embryos on C57BL/6 background have cleft palate. We go on to show that ablation of Rere in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, mediated by a Wnt1-Cre, leads to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves and cleft palate and that proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the palatal shelves is significantly reduced in Rereflox/flox; Wnt1-Cre embryos. We conclude that loss of RERE function contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in individuals with proximal 1p36 deletions and NEDBEH and that RERE expression in CNC cells and their derivatives is required for normal palatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hitisha P Zaveri
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter N Kundert
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiana M Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- LNR Genomic Medicine Service, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Woodruff ED, Gutierrez GC, Van Otterloo E, Williams T, Cohn MJ. Anomalous incisor morphology indicates tissue-specific roles for Tfap2a and Tfap2b in tooth development. Dev Biol 2021; 472:67-74. [PMID: 33460639 PMCID: PMC8018193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mice possess two types of teeth that differ in their cusp patterns; incisors have one cusp and molars have multiple cusps. The patterning of these two types of teeth relies on fine-tuning of the reciprocal molecular signaling between dental epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during embryonic development. The AP-2 transcription factors, particularly Tfap2a and Tfap2b, are essential components of such epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions that coordinate craniofacial development in mice and other vertebrates, but little is known about their roles in the regulation of tooth development and shape. Here we demonstrate that incisors and molars differ in their temporal and spatial expression of Tfap2a and Tfap2b. At the bud stage, Tfap2a is expressed in both the epithelium and mesenchyme of the incisors and molars, but Tfap2b expression is restricted to the molar mesenchyme, only later appearing in the incisor epithelium. Tissue-specific deletions show that loss of the epithelial domain of Tfap2a and Tfap2b affects the number and spatial arrangement of the incisors, notably resulting in duplicated lower incisors. In contrast, deletion of these two genes in the mesenchymal domain has little effect on tooth development. Collectively these results implicate epithelial expression of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in regulating the extent of the dental lamina associated with patterning the incisors and suggest that these genes contribute to morphological differences between anterior (incisor) and posterior (molar) teeth within the mammalian dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Woodruff
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Martin J Cohn
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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20
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Mantri M, Scuderi GJ, Abedini-Nassab R, Wang MFZ, McKellar D, Shi H, Grodner B, Butcher JT, De Vlaminck I. Spatiotemporal single-cell RNA sequencing of developing chicken hearts identifies interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1771. [PMID: 33741943 PMCID: PMC7979764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to study developmental biology but does not preserve spatial information about tissue morphology and cellular interactions. Here, we combine single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with algorithms for data integration to study the development of the chicken heart from the early to late four-chambered heart stage. We create a census of the diverse cellular lineages in developing hearts, their spatial organization, and their interactions during development. Spatial mapping of differentiation transitions in cardiac lineages defines transcriptional differences between epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the epicardial lineage. Using spatially resolved expression analysis, we identify anatomically restricted expression programs, including expression of genes implicated in congenital heart disease. Last, we discover a persistent enrichment of the small, secreted peptide, thymosin beta-4, throughout coronary vascular development. Overall, our study identifies an intricate interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gaetano J Scuderi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Engineering, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David McKellar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Grodner
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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21
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Jahan N, Jahan E, Rafiq AM, Matsumoto A, Otani H. Histomorphometric analysis of the epithelial lumen, mesenchyme, smooth muscle cell layers, and mesentery of the mouse developing duodenum in relation with the macroscopic morphogenesis. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:450-460. [PMID: 33630273 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integral analysis of the development of the epithelium, mesenchyme, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers, i.e., the inner circular (IC) and outer longitudinal layers, as well as their relation with the mesentery is necessary to understand macroscopic gut development. We here focused on the proximal duodenum with the characteristic "C"-shaped loop and analyzed the duodenum down to the duodenojejunal flexure in C57BL/6J mouse embryos at embryonic days (E) 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5 by histomorphometric analysis. We examined the angle of the axis of the epithelial lumen, which was oval at E13.5 against the mesentery, along with the epithelial cell nuclear shape, the adjacent mesenchymal cell density in relation to the epithelial lumen axis, and the development of SMC layers. The luminal axis of the oval epithelial lumen at E13.5 rotated clockwise against the mesentery in the proximal duodenum. The shape of epithelial nuclei was longer and thinner at the long axis but shorter and broader at the short axis, whereas mesenchymal density was significantly lower in the area on the luminal long axis than that on the short axis. The number of SMC layers in the IC at E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5 showed a regional difference in relation to the mesentery, but no regional difference along the long axis of the duodenum. These findings suggest that epithelial lumen winding against the mesentery and the corresponding changes in the epithelial cell shape and surrounding mesenchymal density may be involved in the formation of the "C" loop of the proximal duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Esrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ashiq Mahmood Rafiq
- Center for the Promotion of Project Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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22
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Tani S, Okada H, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. The Progress of Stem Cell Technology for Skeletal Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1404. [PMID: 33573345 PMCID: PMC7866793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis and bone fractures, are among the major conditions that can compromise the quality of daily life of elderly individuals. To treat them, regenerative therapies using skeletal cells have been an attractive choice for patients with unmet clinical needs. Currently, there are two major strategies to prepare the cell sources. The first is to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which can recapitulate the skeletal developmental process and differentiate into various skeletal cells. Skeletal tissues are derived from three distinct origins: the neural crest, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm. Thus, various protocols have been proposed to recapitulate the sequential process of skeletal development. The second strategy is to extract stem cells from skeletal tissues. In addition to mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), multiple cell types have been identified as alternative cell sources. These cells have distinct multipotent properties allowing them to differentiate into skeletal cells and various potential applications for skeletal regeneration. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art research in stem cell differentiation based on the understanding of embryogenic skeletal development and stem cells existing in skeletal tissues. We then discuss the potential applications of these cell types for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Tani
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.T.); (H.O.)
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (S.T.); (H.O.)
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan;
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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Ozalp O, Cark O, Azbazdar Y, Haykir B, Cucun G, Kucukaylak I, Alkan-Yesilyurt G, Sezgin E, Ozhan G. Nradd Acts as a Negative Feedback Regulator of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Promotes Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 33466728 PMCID: PMC7828832 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls many biological processes for the generation and sustainability of proper tissue size, organization and function during development and homeostasis. Consequently, mutations in the Wnt pathway components and modulators cause diseases, including genetic disorders and cancers. Targeted treatment of pathway-associated diseases entails detailed understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune Wnt signaling. Here, we identify the neurotrophin receptor-associated death domain (Nradd), a homolog of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in zebrafish embryos and in mammalian cells. Nradd significantly suppresses Wnt8-mediated patterning of the mesoderm and neuroectoderm during zebrafish gastrulation. Nradd is localized at the plasma membrane, physically interacts with the Wnt receptor complex and enhances apoptosis in cooperation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our functional analyses indicate that the N-glycosylated N-terminus and the death domain-containing C-terminus regions are necessary for both the inhibition of Wnt signaling and apoptosis. Finally, Nradd can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Thus, Nradd regulates cell death as a modifier of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cark
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Haykir
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Institute of Physiology, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kucukaylak
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Institute of Zoology-Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gozde Alkan-Yesilyurt
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (O.O.); (O.C.); (Y.A.); (B.H.); (G.C.); (I.K.); (G.A.-Y.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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24
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Abstract
The neural tube in amniotic embryos forms as a result of two consecutive events along the anteroposterior axis, referred to as primary and secondary neurulation (PN and SN). While PN involves the invagination of a sheet of epithelial cells, SN shapes the caudal neural tube through the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) of neuromesodermal progenitors, followed by cavitation of the medullary cord. The technical difficulties in studying SN mainly involve the challenge of labeling and manipulating SN cells in vivo. Here we describe a new method to follow MET during SN in the chick embryo, combining early in ovo chick electroporation with in vivo time-lapse imaging. This procedure allows the cells undergoing SN to be manipulated in order to investigate the MET process, permitting their cell dynamics to be followed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillaume Allio
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Bénazéraf
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
This protocol describes the use of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed recombination to construct a PAX7-GFP reporter in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). PAX7 is a key transcription factor and regulator of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells. We obtained heterozygous knockin reporter cells and validated their PAX7 expression using both artificial activation by the CRISPR/dCas9-VPR system and physiological activation during hPSC myogenic differentiation. These cells can serve as tools for better understanding of in vitro hPSC myogenesis and enriching myogenic cells for downstream analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xi et al. (2017) and Xi et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - April D. Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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26
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Gumber D, Do M, Suresh Kumar N, Sonavane PR, Wu CCN, Cruz LS, Grainger S, Carson D, Gaasterland T, Willert K. Selective activation of FZD7 promotes mesendodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. eLife 2020; 9:e63060. [PMID: 33331818 PMCID: PMC7759383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT proteins are secreted symmetry breaking signals that interact with cell surface receptors of the FZD family to regulate a multitude of developmental processes. Studying selectivity between WNTs and FZDs has been hampered by the paucity of purified WNT proteins and by their apparent non-selective interactions with the FZD receptors. Here, we describe an engineered protein, called F7L6, comprised of antibody-derived single-chain variable fragments, that selectively binds to human FZD7 and the co-receptor LRP6. F7L6 potently activates WNT/β-catenin signaling in a manner similar to Wnt3a. In contrast to Wnt3a, F7L6 engages only FZD7 and none of the other FZD proteins. Treatment of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells with F7L6 initiates transcriptional programs similar to those observed during primitive streak formation and subsequent gastrulation in the mammalian embryo. This demonstrates that selective engagement and activation of FZD7 signaling is sufficient to promote mesendodermal differentiation of hPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gumber
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Myan Do
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Neya Suresh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Pooja R Sonavane
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Christina C N Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Luisjesus S Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Dennis Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Terry Gaasterland
- University of California San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps Genome CenterLa JollaUnited States
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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27
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Li N, Liu J, Liu H, Wang S, Hu P, Zhou H, Xiao J, Liu C. Altered BMP-Smad4 signaling causes complete cleft palate by disturbing osteogenesis in palatal mesenchyme. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:45-61. [PMID: 33159638 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As the major receptor mediated BMP signaling in craniofacial development, Bmpr1a expression was detected in the anterior palatal shelves from E13.5 and the posterior palatal shelves from E14.5. However, inactivating BMP receptor in the mesenchyme only leads to anterior cleft palate or submucous cleft palate. The role of BMP signaling in posterior palatal mesenchyme and palatal osteogenesis is still unknown. In this study, a secreted BMP antagonist, Noggin was over-expressed by Osr2-creKI to suppress BMP signaling intensively in mouse palatal mesenchyme, which made the newborn mouse displaying complete cleft palate, a phenotype much severer than the anterior or submucous cleft palate. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that in the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchyme, the canonical BMP-Smad4 signaling was dramatically down-regulated, while the non-canonical BMP signaling pathways were altered little. Although cell proliferation was reduced only in the anterior palatal mesenchyme, the osteogenic condensation and Osterix distribution were remarkably repressed in the posterior palatal mesenchyme by Noggin over-expression. These findings suggested that BMP-Smad4 signaling was essential for the cell proliferation in the anterior palatal mesenchyme, and for the osteogenesis in the posterior palatal mesenchyme. Interestingly, the constitutive activation of Bmpr1a in palatal mesenchyme also caused the complete cleft palate, in which the enhanced BMP-Smad4 signaling resulted in the premature osteogenic differentiation in palatal mesenchyme. Moreover, neither the Noggin over-expression nor Bmpr1a activation disrupted the elevation of palatal shelves. Our study not only suggested that BMP signaling played the differential roles in the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchyme, but also indicated that BMP-Smad4 signaling was required to be finely tuned for the osteogenesis of palatal mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Medical Department of Dandong Stomatological Hospital, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Han Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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28
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), derived from vitamin A, is a major teratogen, clinically recognized in 1983. Identification of its natural presence in the embryo and dissection of its molecular mechanism of action became possible in the animal model with the advent of molecular biology, starting with the cloning of its nuclear receptor. In normal development, the dose of RA is tightly controlled to regulate organ formation. Its production depends on enzymes, which have a dynamic expression profile during embryonic development. As a small molecule, it diffuses rapidly and acts as a morphogen. Here, we review advances in deciphering how endogenously produced RA provides positional information to cells. We compare three mesodermal tissues, the limb, the somites and the heart, and discuss how RA signalling regulates antero-posterior and left-right patterning. A common principle is the establishment of its spatio-temporal dynamics by positive and negative feedback mechanisms and by antagonistic signalling by FGF. However, the response is cell-specific, pointing to the existence of cofactors and effectors, which are as yet incompletely characterized. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Bernheim
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M. Meilhac
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
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29
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Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, mechanical forces are propagated across tissues, resulting in tissue shape changes. These forces in turn can influence cell behaviour, leading to a feedback process that can be described as self-organizing. Here, I discuss cytoskeletal self-organization and point to evidence that suggests its role in directing force during morphogenesis. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, the shape of the region of cells that initiates constriction creates a mechanical pattern that in turn aligns the cytoskeleton with the axis of greatest resistance to contraction. The wild-type direction of the force controls the shape and orientation of the invaginating mesoderm. Given the ability of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to self-organize, these types of feedback mechanisms are likely to play important roles in a range of different morphogenetic events. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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30
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Kishimoto K, Furukawa KT, Luz-Madrigal A, Yamaoka A, Matsuoka C, Habu M, Alev C, Zorn AM, Morimoto M. Bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm confers tracheal identity in mouse and human cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4159. [PMID: 32855415 PMCID: PMC7453000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodic cartilage and smooth muscle structures in mammalian trachea are derived from tracheal mesoderm, and tracheal malformations result in serious respiratory defects in neonates. Here we show that canonical Wnt signaling in mesoderm is critical to confer trachea mesenchymal identity in human and mouse. At the initiation of tracheal development, endoderm begins to express Nkx2.1, and then mesoderm expresses the Tbx4 gene. Loss of β-catenin in fetal mouse mesoderm causes loss of Tbx4+ tracheal mesoderm and tracheal cartilage agenesis. The mesenchymal Tbx4 expression relies on endodermal Wnt activation and Wnt ligand secretion but is independent of known Nkx2.1-mediated respiratory development, suggesting that bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm promotes trachea development. Activating Wnt, Bmp signaling in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) generates tracheal mesoderm containing chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells. For human ESC-derived LPM, SHH activation is required along with WNT to generate proper tracheal mesoderm. Together, these findings may contribute to developing applications for human tracheal tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kishimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR-CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kana T Furukawa
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Agustin Luz-Madrigal
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Akira Yamaoka
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chisa Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masanobu Habu
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- RIKEN BDR-CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- RIKEN BDR-CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Ngo J, Hashimoto M, Hamada H, Wynshaw-Boris A. Deletion of the Dishevelled family of genes disrupts anterior-posterior axis specification and selectively prevents mesoderm differentiation. Dev Biol 2020; 464:161-175. [PMID: 32579954 PMCID: PMC8301231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled proteins transduce both canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways to regulate many key developmental processes during embryogenesis. Here, we disrupt both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways by targeting the entire Dishevelled family of genes (Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3) to investigate their functional roles in the early embryo. We identified several defects in anterior-posterior axis specification and mesoderm patterning in Dvl1+/-; Dvl2-/-; Dvl3-/- embryos. Homozygous deletions in all three Dvl genes (Dvl TKO) resulted in defects in distal visceral endoderm migration and a complete failure to induce mesoderm formation. To identify potential mechanisms that lead to the defects in the developmental processes preceding gastrulation, we generated Dvl TKO mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and compared the transcriptional profile of these cells with wild-type (WT) mESCs during germ lineage differentiation into 3D embryoid bodies (EBs). While the Dvl TKO mESCs displayed similar morphology, self-renewal properties, and minor transcriptional variation from WT mESCs, we identified major transcriptional dysregulation in the Dvl TKO EBs during differentiation in a number of genes involved in anterior-posterior pattern specification, gastrulation induction, mesenchyme morphogenesis, and mesoderm-derived tissue development. The absence of the Dvls leads to specific down-regulation of BMP signaling genes. Furthermore, exogenous activation of canonical Wnt, BMP, and Nodal signaling all fail to rescue the mesodermal defects in the Dvl TKO EBs. Moreover, endoderm differentiation was promoted in the absence of mesoderm in the Dvl TKO EBs, while the suppression of ectoderm differentiation was delayed. Overall, we demonstrate that the Dvls are dispensable for maintaining self-renewal in mESCs but are critical during differentiation to regulate key developmental signaling pathways to promote proper axis specification and mesoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Embryogenesis, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Drake KA, Chaney CP, Das A, Roy P, Kwartler CS, Rakheja D, Carroll TJ. Stromal β-catenin activation impacts nephron progenitor differentiation in the developing kidney and may contribute to Wilms tumor. Development 2020; 147:dev189597. [PMID: 32541007 PMCID: PMC7406317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT) morphologically resembles the embryonic kidney, consisting of blastema, epithelial and stromal components, suggesting tumors arise from the dysregulation of normal development. β-Catenin activation is observed in a significant proportion of WTs; however, much remains to be understood about how it contributes to tumorigenesis. Although activating β-catenin mutations are observed in both blastema and stromal components of WT, current models assume that activation in the blastemal lineage is causal. Paradoxically, studies performed in mice suggest that activation of β-catenin in the nephrogenic lineage results in loss of nephron progenitor cell (NPC) renewal, a phenotype opposite to WT. Here, we show that activation of β-catenin in the stromal lineage non-autonomously prevents the differentiation of NPCs. Comparisons of the transcriptomes of kidneys expressing an activated allele of β-catenin in the stromal or nephron progenitor cells reveals that human WT more closely resembles the stromal-lineage mutants. These findings suggest that stromal β-catenin activation results in histological and molecular features of human WT, providing insights into how alterations in the stromal microenvironment may play an active role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Drake
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher P Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Amrita Das
- Amgen, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Priti Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Callie S Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Nakatomi M, Ludwig KU, Knapp M, Kist R, Lisgo S, Ohshima H, Mangold E, Peters H. Msx1 deficiency interacts with hypoxia and induces a morphogenetic regulation during mouse lip development. Development 2020; 147:dev189175. [PMID: 32467233 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and palate are common birth defects resulting from gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Mutations in human MSX1 have been linked to orofacial clefting and we show here that Msx1 deficiency causes a growth defect of the medial nasal process (Mnp) in mouse embryos. Although this defect alone does not disrupt lip formation, Msx1-deficient embryos develop a cleft lip when the mother is transiently exposed to reduced oxygen levels or to phenytoin, a drug known to cause embryonic hypoxia. In the absence of interacting environmental factors, the Mnp growth defect caused by Msx1 deficiency is modified by a Pax9-dependent 'morphogenetic regulation', which modulates Mnp shape, rescues lip formation and involves a localized abrogation of Bmp4-mediated repression of Pax9 Analyses of GWAS data revealed a genome-wide significant association of a Gene Ontology morphogenesis term (including assigned roles for MSX1, MSX2, PAX9, BMP4 and GREM1) specifically for nonsyndromic cleft lip with cleft palate. Our data indicate that MSX1 mutations could increase the risk for cleft lip formation by interacting with an impaired morphogenetic regulation that adjusts Mnp shape, or through interactions that inhibit Mnp growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Kist
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Peters
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Murat El Houdigui S, Adam-Guillermin C, Armant O. Ionising Radiation Induces Promoter DNA Hypomethylation and Perturbs Transcriptional Activity of Genes Involved in Morphogenesis during Gastrulation in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114014. [PMID: 32512748 PMCID: PMC7312202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is particularly vulnerable to stress and DNA damage, as mutations can accumulate through cell proliferation in a wide number of cells and organs. However, the biological effects of chronic exposure to ionising radiation (IR) at low and moderate dose rates (< 6 mGy/h) remain largely controversial, raising concerns for environmental protection. The present study focuses on the molecular effects of IR (0.005 to 50 mGy/h) on zebrafish embryos at the gastrula stage (6 hpf), at both the transcriptomics and epigenetics levels. Our results show that exposure to IR modifies the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial activity from 0.5 to 50 mGy/h. In addition, important developmental pathways, namely, the Notch, retinoic acid, BMP and Wnt signalling pathways, were altered at 5 and 50 mGy/h. Transcriptional changes of genes involved in the morphogenesis of the ectoderm and mesoderm were detected at all dose rates, but were prominent from 0.5 to 50 mGy/h. At the epigenetic level, exposure to IR induced a hypomethylation of DNA in the promoter of genes that colocalised with both H3K27me3 and H3Kme4 histone marks and correlated with changes in transcriptional activity. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DNA methylation changes occurred in the promoter of important developmental genes, including morphogenesis of the ectoderm and mesoderm. Together, these results show that the transcriptional program regulating morphogenesis in gastrulating embryos was modified at dose rates greater than or equal to 0.5 mGy/h, which might predict potential neurogenesis and somitogenesis defects observed at similar dose rates later in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Murat El Houdigui
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France;
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France;
| | - Olivier Armant
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France;
- Correspondence:
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35
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Sun J, Macabenta F, Akos Z, Stathopoulos A. Collective Migrations of Drosophila Embryonic Trunk and Caudal Mesoderm-Derived Muscle Precursor Cells. Genetics 2020; 215:297-322. [PMID: 32487692 PMCID: PMC7268997 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoderm migration in the Drosophila embryo is a highly conserved, complex process that is required for the formation of specialized tissues and organs, including the somatic and visceral musculature. In this FlyBook chapter, we will compare and contrast the specification and migration of cells originating from the trunk and caudal mesoderm. Both cell types engage in collective migrations that enable cells to achieve new positions within developing embryos and form distinct tissues. To start, we will discuss specification and early morphogenetic movements of the presumptive mesoderm, then focus on the coordinate movements of the two subtypes trunk mesoderm and caudal visceral mesoderm, ending with a comparison of these processes including general insights gained through study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Frank Macabenta
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Zsuzsa Akos
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Angelike Stathopoulos
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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36
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Reis AH, Sokol SY. Rspo2 antagonizes FGF signaling during vertebrate mesoderm formation and patterning. Development 2020; 147:dev189324. [PMID: 32366679 PMCID: PMC7272350 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
R-spondins are a family of secreted proteins that play important roles in embryonic development and cancer. R-spondins have been shown to modulate the Wnt pathway; however, their involvement in other developmental signaling processes have remained largely unstudied. Here, we describe a novel function of Rspo2 in FGF pathway regulation in vivo Overexpressed Rspo2 inhibited elongation of Xenopus ectoderm explants and Erk1 activation in response to FGF. By contrast, the constitutively active form of Mek1 stimulated Erk1 even in the presence of Rspo2, suggesting that Rspo2 functions upstream of Mek1. The observed inhibition of FGF signaling was accompanied by the downregulation of the FGF target genes tbxt/brachyury and cdx4, which mediate anterioposterior axis specification. Importantly, these target genes were upregulated in Rspo2-depleted explants. The FGF inhibitory activity was mapped to the thrombospondin type 1 region, contrasting the known function of the Furin-like domains in Wnt signaling. Further domain analysis revealed an unexpected intramolecular interaction that might control Rspo2 signaling output. We conclude that, in addition to its role in Wnt signaling, Rspo2 acts as an FGF antagonist during mesoderm formation and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Reis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergei Y Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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37
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Tietz KT, Gallagher TL, Mannings MC, Morrow ZT, Derr NL, Amacher SL. Pumilio response and AU-rich elements drive rapid decay of Pnrc2-regulated cyclic gene transcripts. Dev Biol 2020; 462:129-140. [PMID: 32246943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate segmentation is regulated by the segmentation clock, a biological oscillator that controls periodic formation of somites, or embryonic segments, which give rise to many mesodermal tissue types. This molecular oscillator generates cyclic gene expression with the same periodicity as somite formation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), an area of mesenchymal cells that give rise to mature somites. Molecular components of the clock include the Hes/her family of genes that encode transcriptional repressors, but additional genes cycle. Cyclic gene transcripts are cleared rapidly, and clearance depends upon the pnrc2 (proline-rich nuclear receptor co-activator 2) gene that encodes an mRNA decay adaptor. Previously, we showed that the her1 3'UTR confers instability to otherwise stable transcripts in a Pnrc2-dependent manner, however, the molecular mechanism(s) by which cyclic gene transcripts are cleared remained largely unknown. To identify features of the her1 3'UTR that are critical for Pnrc2-mediated decay, we developed an array of transgenic inducible reporter lines carrying different regions of the 3'UTR. We find that the terminal 179 nucleotides (nts) of the her1 3'UTR are necessary and sufficient to confer rapid instability. Additionally, we show that the 3'UTR of another cyclic gene, deltaC (dlc), also confers Pnrc2-dependent instability. Motif analysis reveals that both her1 and dlc 3'UTRs contain terminally-located Pumilio response elements (PREs) and AU-rich elements (AREs), and we show that the PRE and ARE in the last 179 nts of the her1 3'UTR drive rapid turnover of reporter mRNA. Finally, we show that mutation of Pnrc2 residues and domains that are known to facilitate interaction of human PNRC2 with decay factors DCP1A and UPF1 reduce the ability of Pnrc2 to restore normal cyclic gene expression in pnrc2 mutant embryos. Our findings suggest that Pnrc2 interacts with decay machinery components and cooperates with Pumilio (Pum) proteins and ARE-binding proteins to promote rapid turnover of cyclic gene transcripts during somitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel T Tietz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas L Gallagher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Monica C Mannings
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicolas L Derr
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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38
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Bryan CD, Casey MA, Pfeiffer RL, Jones BW, Kwan KM. Optic cup morphogenesis requires neural crest-mediated basement membrane assembly. Development 2020; 147:dev181420. [PMID: 31988185 PMCID: PMC7044464 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires precise interactions between a developing tissue and its environment. In vertebrates, the developing eye is surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix as well as multiple mesenchymal cell populations. Disruptions to either the matrix or periocular mesenchyme can cause defects in early eye development, yet in many cases the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, using multidimensional imaging and computational analyses in zebrafish, we establish that cell movements in the developing optic cup require neural crest. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that basement membrane formation around the developing eye is also dependent on neural crest, but only specifically around the retinal pigment epithelium. Neural crest cells produce the extracellular matrix protein nidogen: impairing nidogen function disrupts eye development, and, strikingly, expression of nidogen in the absence of neural crest partially restores optic cup morphogenesis. These results demonstrate that eye formation is regulated in part by extrinsic control of extracellular matrix assembly.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase D Bryan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Macaulie A Casey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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39
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Teramoto M, Sugawara R, Minegishi K, Uchikawa M, Takemoto T, Kuroiwa A, Ishii Y, Kondoh H. The absence of SOX2 in the anterior foregut alters the esophagus into trachea and bronchi in both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048728. [PMID: 31988094 PMCID: PMC7044460 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the anterior foregut (AFG) of mouse embryos, the transcription factor SOX2 is expressed in the epithelia of the esophagus and proximal branches of respiratory organs comprising the trachea and bronchi, whereas NKX2.1 is expressed only in the epithelia of respiratory organs. Previous studies using hypomorphic Sox2 alleles have indicated that reduced SOX2 expression causes the esophageal epithelium to display some respiratory organ characteristics. In the present study, we produced mouse embryos with AFG-specific SOX2 deficiency. In the absence of SOX2 expression, a single NKX2.1-expressing epithelial tube connected the pharynx and the stomach, and a pair of bronchi developed in the middle of the tube. Expression patterns of NKX2.1 and SOX9 revealed that the anterior and posterior halves of SOX2-deficient AFG epithelial tubes assumed the characteristics of the trachea and bronchus, respectively. In addition, we found that mesenchymal tissues surrounding the SOX2-deficient NKX2.1-expressing epithelial tube changed to those surrounding the trachea and bronchi in the anterior and posterior halves, as indicated by the arrangement of smooth muscle cells and SOX9-expressing cells and by the expression of Wnt4 (esophagus specific), Tbx4 (respiratory organ specific), and Hoxb6 (distal bronchus specific). The impact of mesenchyme-derived signaling on the early stage of AFG epithelial specification has been indicated. Our study demonstrated an opposite trend where epithelial tissue specification causes concordant changes in mesenchymal tissues, indicating a reciprocity of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Teramoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institutes for Protein Dynamics and Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugawara
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institutes for Protein Dynamics and Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Katsura Minegishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masanori Uchikawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institutes for Protein Dynamics and Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institutes for Protein Dynamics and Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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40
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Martínez-Bartolomé M, Range RC. A biphasic role of non-canonical Wnt16 signaling during early anterior-posterior patterning and morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo. Development 2019; 146:dev168799. [PMID: 31822478 PMCID: PMC6955209 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A Wnt signaling network governs early anterior-posterior (AP) specification and patterning of the deuterostome sea urchin embryo. We have previously shown that non-canonical Fzl1/2/7 signaling antagonizes the progressive posterior-to-anterior downregulation of the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) gene regulatory network (GRN) by canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt1/Wnt8-Fzl5/8-JNK signaling. This study focuses on the non-canonical function of the Wnt16 ligand during early AP specification and patterning. Maternally supplied wnt16 is expressed ubiquitously during cleavage and zygotic wnt16 expression is concentrated in the endoderm/mesoderm beginning at mid-blastula stage. Wnt16 antagonizes the ANE restriction mechanism and this activity depends on a functional Fzl1/2/7 receptor. Our results also show that zygotic wnt16 expression depends on both Fzl5/8 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, Wnt16 is necessary for the activation and/or maintenance of key regulatory endoderm/mesoderm genes and is essential for gastrulation. Together, our data show that Wnt16 has two functions during early AP specification and patterning: (1) an initial role activating the Fzl1/2/7 pathway that antagonizes the ANE restriction mechanism; and (2) a subsequent function in activating key endoderm GRN factors and the morphogenetic movements of gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan C Range
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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41
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Argelaguet R, Clark SJ, Mohammed H, Stapel LC, Krueger C, Kapourani CA, Imaz-Rosshandler I, Lohoff T, Xiang Y, Hanna CW, Smallwood S, Ibarra-Soria X, Buettner F, Sanguinetti G, Xie W, Krueger F, Göttgens B, Rugg-Gunn PJ, Kelsey G, Dean W, Nichols J, Stegle O, Marioni JC, Reik W. Multi-omics profiling of mouse gastrulation at single-cell resolution. Nature 2019; 576:487-491. [PMID: 31827285 PMCID: PMC6924995 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the three primary germ layers during gastrulation is an essential step in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan and is associated with major transcriptional changes1-5. Global epigenetic reprogramming accompanies these changes6-8, but the role of the epigenome in regulating early cell-fate choice remains unresolved, and the coordination between different molecular layers is unclear. Here we describe a single-cell multi-omics map of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression during the onset of gastrulation in mouse embryos. The initial exit from pluripotency coincides with the establishment of a global repressive epigenetic landscape, followed by the emergence of lineage-specific epigenetic patterns during gastrulation. Notably, cells committed to mesoderm and endoderm undergo widespread coordinated epigenetic rearrangements at enhancer marks, driven by ten-eleven translocation (TET)-mediated demethylation and a concomitant increase of accessibility. By contrast, the methylation and accessibility landscape of ectodermal cells is already established in the early epiblast. Hence, regulatory elements associated with each germ layer are either epigenetically primed or remodelled before cell-fate decisions, providing the molecular framework for a hierarchical emergence of the primary germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chantriolnt-Andreas Kapourani
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivan Imaz-Rosshandler
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Lohoff
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunlong Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Courtney W Hanna
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ximena Ibarra-Soria
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Buettner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - John C Marioni
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Dasgupta K, Chung JU, Asam K, Jeong J. Molecular patterning of the embryonic cranial mesenchyme revealed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Dev Biol 2019; 455:434-448. [PMID: 31351040 PMCID: PMC6842427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the head of an embryo, a layer of mesenchyme surrounds the brain underneath the surface ectoderm. This cranial mesenchyme gives rise to the meninges, the calvaria (top part of the skull), and the dermis of the scalp. Abnormal development of these structures, especially the meninges and the calvaria, is linked to significant congenital defects in humans. It has been known that different areas of the cranial mesenchyme have different fates. For example, the calvarial bone develops from the cranial mesenchyme on the baso-lateral side of the head just above the eye (supraorbital mesenchyme, SOM), but not from the mesenchyme apical to SOM (early migrating mesenchyme, EMM). However, the molecular basis of this difference is not fully understood. To answer this question, we compared the transcriptomes of EMM and SOM using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). This experiment identified a large number of genes that were differentially expressed in EMM and SOM, and gene ontology analyses found very different terms enriched in each region. We verified the expression of about 40 genes in the head by RNA in situ hybridization, and the expression patterns were annotated to make a map of molecular markers for 6 subdivisions of the cranial mesenchyme. Our data also provided insights into potential novel regulators of cranial mesenchyme development, including several axon guidance pathways, lectin complement pathway, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and ZIC family transcription factors. Together, information in this paper will serve as a unique resource to guide future research on cranial mesenchyme development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jong Uk Chung
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Hajighasemi S, Jamialahmadi T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Curcumin on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mesodermal Lineage. Molecules 2019; 24:E4029. [PMID: 31703322 PMCID: PMC6891787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been placed at the forefront of the researcher's attention due to its pleiotropic pharmacological effects and health benefits. A considerable volume of articles has pointed out curcumin's effects on the fate of stem cell differentiation. In this review, a descriptive mechanism of how curcumin affects the outcome of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the mesodermal lineage-i.e., adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte differentiation-is compiled from the literature. The sections include the mechanism of inhibition or induction of MSCs differentiation to each lineage, their governing molecular mechanisms, and their signal transduction pathways. The effect of different curcumin doses and its structural modifications on the MSCs differentiation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran; (A.M.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran; (A.M.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-34199, Iran;
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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44
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Guerriero I, De Angelis MT, D'Angelo F, Leveque R, Savignano E, Roberto L, Lucci V, Mazzone P, Laurino S, Storto G, Nardelli A, Sgambato A, Ceccarelli M, De Felice M, Amendola E, Falco G. Exploring the Molecular Crosstalk between Pancreatic Bud and Mesenchyme in Embryogenesis: Novel Signals Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194900. [PMID: 31623299 PMCID: PMC6811752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic organogenesis is a multistep process that requires the cooperation of several signaling pathways. In this context, the role of pancreatic mesenchyme is important to define the epithelium development; nevertheless, the precise space–temporal signaling activation still needs to be clarified. This study reports a dissection of the pancreatic embryogenesis, highlighting the molecular network surrounding the epithelium–mesenchyme interaction. To investigate this crosstalk, pancreatic epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme, at embryonic day 10.5, were collected through laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterized based on their global gene expression. We performed a bioinformatic analysis to hypothesize crosstalk interactions, validating the most promising genes and verifying the precise localization of their expression in the compartments, by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Our analyses pointed out also the c-Met gene, a very well-known factor involved in stimulating motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration. We also highlighted the potential crosstalk between Versican (Vcan) and Syndecan4 (Sdc4) since these genes are involved in pancreatic tissue repair, strengthening the concept that the same signaling pathways required during pancreatic embryogenesis are also involved in tissue repair. This finding leads to novel strategies for obtaining functional pancreatic stem cells for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Rita Leveque
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Savignano
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Luca Roberto
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Storto
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via De Amicis No. 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Mario De Felice
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Elena Amendola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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45
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Comai G, Heude E, Mella S, Paisant S, Pala F, Gallardo M, Langa F, Kardon G, Gopalakrishnan S, Tajbakhsh S. A distinct cardiopharyngeal mesoderm genetic hierarchy establishes antero-posterior patterning of esophagus striated muscle. eLife 2019; 8:e47460. [PMID: 31535973 PMCID: PMC6752947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In most vertebrates, the upper digestive tract is composed of muscularized jaws linked to the esophagus that permits food ingestion and swallowing. Masticatory and esophagus striated muscles (ESM) share a common cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) origin, however ESM are unusual among striated muscles as they are established in the absence of a primary skeletal muscle scaffold. Using mouse chimeras, we show that the transcription factors Tbx1 and Isl1 are required cell-autonomously for myogenic specification of ESM progenitors. Further, genetic loss-of-function and pharmacological studies point to MET/HGF signaling for antero-posterior migration of esophagus muscle progenitors, where Hgf ligand is expressed in adjacent smooth muscle cells. These observations highlight the functional relevance of a smooth and striated muscle progenitor dialogue for ESM patterning. Our findings establish a Tbx1-Isl1-Met genetic hierarchy that uniquely regulates esophagus myogenesis and identify distinct genetic signatures that can be used as framework to interpret pathologies arising within CPM derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Comai
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
| | - Eglantine Heude
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
- Department Adaptation du VivantCNRS/MNHN UMR 7221, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelleParisFrance
| | - Sebastian Mella
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
| | - Sylvain Paisant
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
| | - Francesca Pala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM)National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mirialys Gallardo
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Francina Langa
- Mouse Genetics Engineering CenterInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Swetha Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
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46
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Oulhen N, Swartz SZ, Wang L, Wikramanayake A, Wessel GM. Distinct transcriptional regulation of Nanos2 in the germ line and soma by the Wnt and delta/notch pathways. Dev Biol 2019; 452:34-42. [PMID: 31075220 PMCID: PMC6848975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Specification of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) is essential for sexually reproducing animals. Although the mechanisms of PGC specification are diverse between organisms, the RNA binding protein Nanos is consistently required in the germ line in all species tested. How Nanos is selectively expressed in the germ line, however, remains largely elusive. We report that in sea urchin embryos, the early expression of Nanos2 in the PGCs requires the maternal Wnt pathway. During gastrulation, however, Nanos2 expression expands into adjacent somatic mesodermal cells and this secondary Nanos expression instead requires Delta/Notch signaling through the forkhead family member FoxY. Each of these transcriptional regulators were tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and found to directly interact with a DNA locus upstream of Nanos2. Given the conserved importance of Nanos in germ line specification, and the derived character of the micromeres and small micromeres in the sea urchin, we propose that the ancestral mechanism of Nanos2 expression in echinoderms was by induction in mesodermal cells during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - S Zachary Swartz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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47
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Leerberg DM, Hopton RE, Draper BW. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Function Redundantly During Zebrafish Embryonic Development. Genetics 2019; 212:1301-1319. [PMID: 31175226 PMCID: PMC6707458 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling regulates many processes during development. In most cases, one tissue layer secretes an Fgf ligand that binds and activates an Fgf receptor (Fgfr) expressed by a neighboring tissue. Although studies have identified the roles of specific Fgf ligands during development, less is known about the requirements for the receptors. We have generated null mutations in each of the five fgfr genes in zebrafish. Considering the diverse requirements for Fgf signaling throughout development, and that null mutations in the mouse Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 genes are embryonic lethal, it was surprising that all zebrafish homozygous mutants are viable and fertile, with no discernable embryonic defect. Instead, we find that multiple receptors are involved in coordinating most Fgf-dependent developmental processes. For example, mutations in the ligand fgf8a cause loss of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, whereas, in the fgfr mutants, this phenotype is seen only in embryos that are triple mutant for fgfr1a;fgfr1b;fgfr2, but not in any single or double mutant combinations. We show that this apparent fgfr redundancy is also seen during the development of several other tissues, including posterior mesoderm, pectoral fins, viscerocranium, and neurocranium. These data are an essential step toward defining the specific Fgfrs that function with particular Fgf ligands to regulate important developmental processes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena M Leerberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Rachel E Hopton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bruce W Draper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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48
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Edri S, Hayward P, Jawaid W, Martinez Arias A. Neuro-mesodermal progenitors (NMPs): a comparative study between pluripotent stem cells and embryo-derived populations. Development 2019; 146:dev180190. [PMID: 31152001 PMCID: PMC6602346 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian embryo's caudal lateral epiblast (CLE) harbours bipotent progenitors, called neural mesodermal progenitors (NMPs), that contribute to the spinal cord and the paraxial mesoderm throughout axial elongation. Here, we performed a single cell analysis of different in vitro NMP populations produced either from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and compared them with E8.25 CLE mouse embryos. In our analysis of this region, our findings challenge the notion that NMPs can be defined by the exclusive co-expression of Sox2 and T at mRNA level. We analyse the in vitro NMP-like populations using a purpose-built support vector machine (SVM) based on the embryo CLE and use it as a classification model to compare the in vivo and in vitro populations. Our results show that NMP differentiation from ESCs leads to heterogeneous progenitor populations with few NMP-like cells, as defined by the SVM algorithm, whereas starting with EpiSCs yields a high proportion of cells with the embryo NMP signature. We find that the population from which the Epi-NMPs are derived in culture contains a node-like population, which suggests that this population probably maintains the expression of T in vitro and thereby a source of NMPs. In conclusion, differentiation of EpiSCs into NMPs reproduces events in vivo and suggests a sequence of events for the emergence of the NMP population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Edri
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Penelope Hayward
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Wajid Jawaid
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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49
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Park J, Ivey MJ, Deana Y, Riggsbee KL, Sörensen E, Schwabl V, Sjöberg C, Hjertberg T, Park GY, Swonger JM, Rosengreen T, Morty RE, Ahlbrecht K, Tallquist MD. The Tcf21 lineage constitutes the lung lipofibroblast population. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L872-L885. [PMID: 30675802 PMCID: PMC6589586 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00254.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for mesenchymal development in several organs. Others have demonstrated that Tcf21 is expressed in embryonic lung mesenchyme and that loss of Tcf21 results in a pulmonary hypoplasia phenotype. Although recent single-cell transcriptome analysis has described multiple mesenchymal cell types in the lung, few have characterized the Tcf21 expressing population. To explore the Tcf21 mesenchymal lineage, we traced Tcf21-expressing cells during embryogenesis and in the adult. Our results showed that Tcf21 progenitor cells at embryonic day (E)11.5 generated a subpopulation of fibroblasts and lipofibroblasts and a limited number of smooth muscle cells. After E15.5, Tcf21 progenitor cells exclusively become lipofibroblasts and interstitial fibroblasts. Lipid metabolism genes were highly expressed in perinatal and adult Tcf21 lineage cells. Overexpression of Tcf21 in primary neonatal lung fibroblasts led to increases in intracellular neutral lipids, suggesting a regulatory role for Tcf21 in lipofibroblast function. Collectively, our results reveal that Tcf21 expression after E15.5 delineates the lipofibroblast and a population of interstitial fibroblasts. The Tcf21 inducible Cre mouse line provides a novel method for identifying and manipulating the lipofibroblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Park
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Malina J Ivey
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yanik Deana
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kara L Riggsbee
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Emelie Sörensen
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Veronika Schwabl
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Caroline Sjöberg
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Tilda Hjertberg
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Ga Young Park
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jessica M Swonger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Taylor Rosengreen
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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50
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Wang S, Ochoa SD, Khaliullin RN, Gerson-Gurwitz A, Hendel JM, Zhao Z, Biggs R, Chisholm AD, Desai A, Oegema K, Green RA. A high-content imaging approach to profile C. elegans embryonic development. Development 2019; 146:dev174029. [PMID: 30890570 PMCID: PMC6467471 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is an important model for analyzing mechanisms of cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis. Sophisticated lineage-tracing approaches for analyzing embryogenesis have been developed but are labor intensive and do not naturally integrate morphogenetic readouts. To enable the rapid classification of developmental phenotypes, we developed a high-content method that employs two custom strains: a Germ Layer strain that expresses nuclear markers in the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm/pharynx; and a Morphogenesis strain that expresses markers labeling epidermal cell junctions and the neuronal cell surface. We describe a procedure that allows simultaneous live imaging of development in 80-100 embryos and provide a custom program that generates cropped, oriented image stacks of individual embryos to facilitate analysis. We demonstrate the utility of our method by perturbing 40 previously characterized developmental genes in variants of the two strains containing RNAi-sensitizing mutations. The resulting datasets yielded distinct, reproducible signature phenotypes for a broad spectrum of genes that are involved in cell fate specification and morphogenesis. In addition, our analysis provides new in vivo evidence for MBK-2 function in mesoderm fate specification and LET-381 function in elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohe Wang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stacy D Ochoa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renat N Khaliullin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adina Gerson-Gurwitz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hendel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald Biggs
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rebecca A Green
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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