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Lambiase S, Corotti S, Sacchi R. Morphometric analysis for determination of larval instars in Dermestes frischii Kugelann and Dermestes undulatus Brahm (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:1088-1093. [PMID: 38321965 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dermestes frischii Kugelann, 1792 and Dermestes undulatus Brahm, 1790 are the most abundant species worldwide at outdoor or indoor crime scenes during the dry and skeletal stages of decomposition. The attribution of larval age in these beetles is problematic due to the variable number of instars, which is influenced by environmental factors. In this study, a morphometric approach was used to look for potential morphological features as evidence of larval stages. Breeding and monitoring were performed for both species in an incubator with a preset temperature of 28°C ± 0.5 without a photoperiod. Morphometric measurements were made on 10 larvae per instar for each species using length, width, and thickness parameters. Linear discriminant analysis was then used to generate decision boundaries that clearly separated larval stages. The cross-validation procedure demonstrated that the morphometric approach successfully discriminated adjacent larval stages in both species with high values of sensitivity and specificity. This less-invasive approach could improve the ability to estimate minPMI in forensic studies of Dermestidae beetles. Future studies may extend this approach to other species and establish good practices for collecting and storing specimens for morphometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Lambiase
- Division of Legal Medicine & Forensic Sciences 'A. Fornari', Department of Public Health, Experimental & Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Corotti
- Division of Legal Medicine & Forensic Sciences 'A. Fornari', Department of Public Health, Experimental & Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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2
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Dvorak M, Dittmann IL, Pedrini-Martha V, Hamerlík L, Bitušík P, Stuchlik E, Vondrák D, Füreder L, Lackner R. Molecular and morphological characterisation of larvae of the genus Diamesa Meigen, 1835 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Alpine streams (Ötztal Alps, Austria). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298367. [PMID: 38358970 PMCID: PMC10868831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamesa species (Diptera, Chironomidae) are widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems, and their life cycles are closely linked to environmental variables such as temperature, water quality, and sediment composition. Their sensitivity to environmental changes, particularly in response to pollution and habitat alterations, makes them valuable indicators of ecosystem health. The challenges associated with the morphological identification of larvae invoke the use of DNA barcoding for species determination. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is regularly used for species identification but faces limitations, such as similar sequences in closely related species. To overcome this, we explored the use of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region in addition to COI for Diamesa larvae identification. Therefore, this study employs a combination of molecular markers alongside traditional morphological identification to enhance species discrimination. In total, 129 specimens were analysed, of which 101 were sampled from a glacier-fed stream in Rotmoostal, and the remaining 28 from spring-fed streams in the neighbouring valleys of Königstal and Timmelstal. This study reveals the inadequacy of utilizing single COI or ITS genes for comprehensive species differentiation within the genus Diamesa. However, the combined application of COI and ITS markers significantly enhances species identification resolution, surpassing the limitations faced by traditional taxonomists. Notably, this is evident in cases involving morphologically indistinguishable species, such as Diamesa latitarsis and Diamesa modesta. It highlights the potential of employing a multi-marker approach for more accurate and reliable Diamesa species identification. This method can be a powerful tool for identifying Diamesa species, shedding light on their remarkable adaptations to extreme environments and the impacts of environmental changes on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dvorak
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Ladislav Hamerlík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bitušík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Evzen Stuchlik
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Vondrák
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leopold Füreder
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Lackner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Aguiar TMC, Gueratto PE, Machado PA, Santos JP, Carreira JYO, Moraes SS, Freitas AVL. Immature Stages, Natural History and Population Biology of Opoptera syme (Hübner, 1821), (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Southeastern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2024; 53:101-109. [PMID: 37878204 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the immature stages of Opoptera syme (Hübner, [1821]) using SEM and Micro-CT to generate 2D and 3D models to study the morphology and chaetotaxy, and present information on the natural history, behavior, and population biology. In laboratory, eggs were laid singly, and the isolated larvae passed through six to seven instars. Host plant in the study site is unknown, but larvae are known to feed on bamboos; in laboratory, larvae accepted the ornamental bamboo Bambusa textilis McClure, 1940. Adults are diurnal and univoltine, flying from December to April (the austral summer). The present study adds information to the biology and natural history of Brassolini, an iconic and still poorly known tribe of Neotropical butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M C Aguiar
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia E Gueratto
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Machado
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessie P Santos
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Y O Carreira
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Simeão S Moraes
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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4
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Sant'Ana DC, Sallum MAM. Revision of the Strodei Subgroup of Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), with descriptions of 2 new species. J Med Entomol 2024; 61:87-109. [PMID: 38043587 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) ibiapabaensis (Sant'Ana & Sallum n. sp.) and Ny. (Nys.) untii (Sant'Ana & Sallum n. sp.) are new species of the Arthuri Complex of the Strodei Subgroup. The new species are described and validated using morphological characters of the male, female, and immature stages. The description of the male, female, fourth-instar larva and pupa of Ny. arthuri (Unti, 1941) and Ny. albertoi (Unti, 1941) are provided for the first time. To avoid nomenclature instability, neotypes are designated for both species. All life stages of Ny. strodei (Root, 1926) employing specimens collected in the Agua Limpa District, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil are redescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Cristina Sant'Ana
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
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Orengo-Green JJ, Ricarte A, Hauser M, Langlois D, Marcos-García MÁ. On the immature stages of some Merodontini hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Europe and Africa. Arthropod Struct Dev 2024; 78:101328. [PMID: 38160506 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The genera Eumerus and Merodon (Syrphidae: Merodontini) form together the most speciose grouping of hoverflies in the Palaearctic Region. However, little is known about the morphology and biology of their larvae. The few larvae of Eumerus and Merodon that have been uncovered are phytophagous in underground organs of plants (some Eumerus and all Merodon) or saprophagous in a variety of plants' parts (the reminder of Eumerus). In this study, the second larval stage (L2) of Eumerus lyneborgi Ricarte & Hauser, 2020 and both the larva (L2) and puparium of Merodon constans (Rossi, 1794) are described for the first time. Larvae of E. lyneborgi were found in a decaying stem of Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc., 1960 (Vitaceae) in Namibia (Africa), while larvae of M. constans were collected in bulbs of Leucojum vernum Linnaeus, 1753, (Amaryllidaceae) in France (Europe). Morphology of the immature forms was studied by observation and imaging with stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The head skeleton of E. lyneborgi larvae was found to be of the filter feeding type, i.e., in accordance with a saprophagous trophic regime, while that of M. constans was typically phytophagous. Variability in certain characters of the M. constans early stages is described and discussed in relation to the adult form and molecular information published in literature. An updated identification key to all known third larval stages/puparia of Merodon is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Orengo-Green
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Antonio Ricarte
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Martin Hauser
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA.
| | | | - Mª Á Marcos-García
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain.
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6
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Hu G, Liu C, Zhang R, Li L, Shao S, Zhang R, Gao Y, Guo Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Tao L. Differences in three instars of four carrion nitidulids (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Nitidula and Omosita) revealed using SEM. Arthropod Struct Dev 2024; 78:101317. [PMID: 38113686 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The genera Omosita and Nitidula from the family Nitidulidae, are often reported to be associated with rotten animal carcasses. However, morphological descriptions of their larval stages are limited and are usually only from the third instar larvae, which does not provide enough systematic data. In this study, the overall structure of three instar larvae from the four Nitidulidae species was compared using optical microscopy, and the resolution was not satisfactory. To compensate, a large number of structures and organs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the number and distribution of chaetotaxy in different parts, including the macrosetae, setae, and microtrichia, have important identification values between the genera, species, and even instars. We also discuss the possible role of microtrichia in the biology of Nitidulidae larvae. Additionally, we described the number and types of sensilla in three sensory organs, and the morphologic parameters of the head capsule and urogomphi as determined by SEM images, are provided. An identification key with application value for storage products and forensic entomology was also compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengwang Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Runze Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shipeng Shao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Pallavi J, Snehal H, Kolipakala RS, Salazar D, Hanbar M, Chiramel LB, Alok Jha K, Venkatesh SBL, Shetty TD, Madhusudan N, Mohan A, John A, D'souza ND, Sheet P, Nagarajan D. A complete morphological characterization of all life stages of the phorid fly Megaselia scalaris. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22933. [PMID: 38129567 PMCID: PMC10740010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Megaselia scalaris, commonly known as the scuttle fly, is a cosmopolitan species in the family Phoridae. It is an easily cultured fly species that is an emerging model organism in the fields of genetics and developmental biology. Its affinity for carrion and its predictable life cycle makes it useful in the field of forensic science for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) of human remains. Cases of human myasis caused by M. scalaris have also been reported in the medical literature. Despite its ubiquitous prevalence and its relevance across multiple fields, its morphology has not been adequately characterized. Here, we report the complete morphological characterization of all lifestages of M. scalaris, ranging from egg to adult. Scanning electron microscopy has enabled us to uncover morphological features and developmental processes that have previously not been reported in the literature. Our data lays the groundwork for future genetic studies: a morphological characterization of the wild type must be performed before mutants displaying different phenotypes can be identified. In this vein, we also report the observation of a acephalic, or 'headless', adult phenotype whose study could yield insights into the process of cephalogenesis. Finally, all morphological features observed have been compiled into an 'atlas' that should be of use to all workers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Pallavi
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Harshita Snehal
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | | | - Daniela Salazar
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mrunal Hanbar
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, 400001, India
| | | | - Khushi Alok Jha
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, 400001, India
| | | | - Tanishka Dayanand Shetty
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Navya Madhusudan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Amrutha Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Amulia John
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, 400001, India
| | | | - Priyanka Sheet
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, 400001, India
| | - Deepesh Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India.
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, 400001, India.
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Montesinos R, Carvalho ALG, Dias PHDS. The tadpole of Hylodes amnicola Pombal, Feio & Haddad 2002 (Anura: Hylodidae): External morphology and buccopharyngeal anatomy. Zootaxa 2023; 5380:395-400. [PMID: 38221301 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Montesinos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Departamento de Zoologia; Av. Presidente Antnio Carlos; 6627; Pampulha; 31270-901; Belo Horizonte; MG; Brazil.
| | - Andr L G Carvalho
- Department of Biology; University of Washington; Box 351800; Seattle; WA; 98195-1800; United States of America.
| | - Pedro Henrique Dos Santos Dias
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversittswandels; Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3; 20146 Hamburg; Germany.
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Kolesnichenko KA, Kotlobay AA. Early Stages and Notes on the Biology of Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Northern Zagros Mts (Iran) with the Special Remarks on Taxonomy. Zootaxa 2023; 5369:223-238. [PMID: 38220718 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This article presents characteristics of the habitats of Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941 and describes the behavior of adults under natural conditions, their host plant, egg chorion, caterpillars, and pupa morphology. The morphology of the early stages and the taxonomy of M. gina are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Kolesnichenko
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory I/12; Moscow 119991; Russia..
| | - Anatoly A Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency; Malaya Pirogovskaya St.; 1a; Moscow 119435; Russia..
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10
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Travesino DG, Beccacece HM, Zapata AI. Description of life cycle and immature stages of Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a contribution to the taxonomic status of the genus. Zootaxa 2023; 5361:125-134. [PMID: 38220772 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5361.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here. Overwintering larvae are observed for the first time for this genus. The larval stage has four or five instars in non-overwintering while six in overwintering larvae. The average duration of the life cycle is around 82 days for non-overwintering, while it is 227 days for overwintering larvae under laboratory conditions. The increase in instar stages and the development time duration of immature stages in overwintering larvae may be due to climatic conditions in the study area and also a strategy to survive the cold season. Eggs have irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells. First instar larvae have a dark head capsule and a pattern of reddish stripes along their body, with clubbed body setae. Pupae are short and smooth with a non-uniform brown color, presenting a lighter clypeus and a darker ventral portion in the cremaster. We consider that the morphological information of immature stages can improve further phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Giselle Travesino
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Fsicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Crdoba; Crdoba; Argentina.
| | - Hernn Mario Beccacece
- IMBIV; Centro de Investigaciones Entomolgicas de Crdoba; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Fsicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Crdoba; CONICET; Crdoba; Argentina.
| | - Adriana Ins Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Fsicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Crdoba; Crdoba; Argentina.
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11
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Makarchenko EA, Semenchenko AA. Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Diamesa parancysta Serra-Tosio (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae). Zootaxa 2023; 5357:144-150. [PMID: 38220649 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenyi A Makarchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 100 let Vladivostoku 159; 690022 Vladivostok; Russia.
| | - Alexander A Semenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 100 let Vladivostoku 159; 690022 Vladivostok; Russia.
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12
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Piovesan M, Dos Santos FL, Orlandin E, Specht A, Mielke OHH, Casagrande MM. Natural history and morphology of immature stages of Tolype medialis (Jones, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae: Macromphaliinae). Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:860-874. [PMID: 37341900 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lasiocampidae belongs to superfamily Lasiocampoidea and contains more than a thousand species nearly distributed worldwide. Despite the great species richness and wide distribution, this group has internal phylogenetic relationships still little explored and with few studies on the morphology and biology of its immatures. This study describes the immature stages of the neotropical species Tolype medialis (Jones, 1912), focusing on the morphology and natural history. The eggs of T. medialis are oviposited freely inside a conical structure, and the larvae showed gregarious behavior in all instars. The seventh and eighth instar bear a pair of abdominal rounded flattened reddish brown glands on the segments A1, A2, A7, and A8 that produce a wax-like secretion that covers the pupae and the internal walls of the cocoon. In order to add information to the Lasiocampidae family, we compare and discuss these and other traits from the morphology and natural history of T. medialis immatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Piovesan
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Elton Orlandin
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirna Martins Casagrande
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Somboon P, Zhou L, Phanitchakun T, Saingamsook J, Harbach RE. Aedes yunnanensis (Diptera: Culicidae): transferred from the subgenus Hulecoeteomyia to Orohylomyia subg. nov., with descriptions of the species and the new subgenus. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:955-967. [PMID: 37419618 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Aedes yunnanensis (Gaschen), currently classified in the subgenus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, is transferred to a new monobasic subgenus, Orohylomyia Somboon & Harbach, subg. nov., based on morphological assessment of adults, male and female genitalia, larvae, and pupae, and phylogenetic analysis. The new subgenus and its type species are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Thanari Phanitchakun
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Science, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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14
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Makarchenko EA, Semenchenko AA. Two new chironomid species of the genus Pseudokiefferiella Zavel (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Amur River basin of Russia. Zootaxa 2023; 5339:481-491. [PMID: 38221403 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The adult male, pupa, larva with DNA barcoding of Ps. matafonovi sp. nov. and the adult male of Ps. silinka sp. nov. from Amur River basin of Russia are described and illustrated. Ps. matafonovi sp. nov. is genetically distant from other Pseudokiefferiella showing uncorrected p-distances of >6.8 %. The results of species delimitation show that genus Pseudokiefferiella includes 10 (mPTP), 13 (ASAP, GMYC) or 14 (BOLD) distinct molecular taxonomic units (mOTUs) that requires a revision of this genus using both morphological and molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenyi A Makarchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
| | - Alexander A Semenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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15
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Menegon M, Casale F, Mancuso E, Di Luca M, Severini F, Monaco F, Toma L. Argas ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) on migratory birds from Africa: first record of a genotype close to Argas africolumbae in Italy. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102205. [PMID: 37244156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In spring, migratory birds reach Europe, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa or from northern African countries. Avian species may be implicated in the spread of pathogens, either as reservoirs, hosts or carriers of infected ectoparasites. In 2021, on Ventotene Island (Latium region, Italy) within a project focused on the potential incoming pathogens via migratory birds from Africa, we found two larvae of Argas sp., on the redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus, that shared morphological features with the African Argas (Argas) africolumbae. Comparison of the tested larval DNA sequences to the adult reference sequences showed the highest identity (> 92%) with homologous sequences of A. africolumbae collected in South Africa and in Spain. This study reports the first detection of Argas africolumbae-like specimens in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menegon
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Casale
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - E Mancuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario 64100 Teramo, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - M Di Luca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Severini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - L Toma
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Molfini M, Bologna MA. Larval features of the Italian endemic Pyrochroa serraticornis kiesenwetteri Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) solve taxonomic uncertainties. Zootaxa 2023; 5339:285-290. [PMID: 38221052 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings rearranged the taxonomy of the European species of the genus Pyrochroa Geoffroy (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae), and to date three species are recognized: P. bifoveata Molfini et al., 2022 and P. coccinea (Linnaeus, 1761) with cryptic adults and distinctive larvae, and the polytypic P. serraticornis (Scopoli, 1763), including the subspecies kiesenwetteri Fairmaire, 1849. Incongruences between molecular and morphological analyses questioned the recognition of P. s. serraticornis and P. s. kiesenwetteri as taxa of the same species. In the present paper, observations of larval characters of P. s. kiesenwetteri confirm this taxon as a subspecies of P. serraticornis. Moreover, new characters of P. s. serraticornis larvae are offered by analysing specimens from a new European locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Molfini
- Department of Science; Roma Tre University; Viale G. Marconi 446; 00146 Roma; Italy.
| | - Marco A Bologna
- Department of Science; Roma Tre University; Viale G. Marconi 446; 00146 Roma; Italy.
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17
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Lignon JS, Monteiro SG. First record of a rare case of accidental urinary myiasis by Telmatoscopus albipunctata (Diptera: Psychodidae), with morphological description, in a human in Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 42:100888. [PMID: 37321791 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Telmatoscopus albipunctata is an insect of the Psychodidae family, with a worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Although it does not have hematophagous habits, it has veterinary medical importance due to the mechanical transmission of protozoa and bacteria, many of which cause nosocomial infections. This dipteran has been reported as one of the causative agents of accidental myiasis in humans in several countries, and since it has not been registered in South America, the objective of the present report was to describe a rare case of accidental urinary myiasis caused by T. albipunctata (Diptera: Psychodidae) in humans in Brazil. In the present report, a 25-year-old female patient, resident of the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, sought medical attention after finding larvae in her urine. She complained of vaginal itching and skin dermatitis. The larvae were sent to the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, where they were mounted on permanent slides for further taxonomic identification. Morphological characteristics allowed the identification of fourth-stage larvae and pupae of T. albipunctata. Therefore, the present work reports the first record of accidental urinary myiasis caused by T. albipunctata infection in Brazil and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Somavilla Lignon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Orlandin E, Laurent RAS, Piovesan M, Hallwachs W, Chacón I, Janzen D, Carneiro E. Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 2023; 5306:401-426. [PMID: 37518512 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Notodontidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) comprise over 4,000 described species distributed worldwide, among which nearly half are restricted to the Neotropics. Morphology of adults and immatures of Notodontidae have been broadly investigated and many larval, pupal, and adult characters were found to be synapomorphies of subfamilies and tribes. Despite this, the current classification of Notodontidae remains unsettled as most recent classification systems are contradictory due to reliance on incomplete global sampling and, many taxa, especially in the Neotropics, are still informally classified as incertae sedis. Anurocampa Herrich-Shäffer was recently treated as an incertae sedis genus, and immature and adult characters may provide further evidence for its systematic position among the Notodontidae. With this goal in mind, the present study describes the immature stages of Anurocampa mingens Herrich-Shäffer from Brazil and describes two new species in the genus from Costa Rica based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA: Anurocampa markhastingsi Chacón and St Laurent sp. nov. and Anurocampa abelardochaconi Chacón and St Laurent sp. nov. and discusses the systematic position of Anurocampa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Orlandin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- Department of Entomology; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Washington D.C.; United States; McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity; Florida Museum of Natural History; Gainesville; FL; United States.
| | - Mônica Piovesan
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; United States.
| | - Isidro Chacón
- BioAlfa; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; Costa Rica.
| | - Daniel Janzen
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; United States.
| | - Eduardo Carneiro
- Laboratório de Estudos em Lepidoptera Neotropical; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brazil.
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19
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Tzung KW, Lalonde RL, Prummel KD, Mahabaleshwar H, Moran HR, Stundl J, Cass AN, Le Y, Lea R, Dorey K, Tomecka MJ, Zhang C, Brombacher EC, White WT, Roehl HH, Tulenko FJ, Winkler C, Currie PD, Amaya E, Davis MC, Bronner ME, Mosimann C, Carney TJ. A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins. Nature 2023; 618:543-549. [PMID: 37225983 PMCID: PMC10266977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh-Weei Tzung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin D Prummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda N Cass
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Yao Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Lea
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karel Dorey
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Monika J Tomecka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William T White
- CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Australia National Fish Collection, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Henry H Roehl
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank J Tulenko
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus C Davis
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tom J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Alarie Y, Watanabe K, Michat MC. The very rare Japanese endemic diving beetle Japanolaccophilus niponensis (Kamiya, 1939), (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Laccophilinae): larval morphology and phylogenetic comparison with other known Laccophilini. Zootaxa 2023; 5285:116-132. [PMID: 37518715 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The three larval instars of Japanolaccophilus niponensis (Kamiya, 1939) (Coleoptera: Adephaga, Laccophilinae) are described for the first time according to the now genevralized larval descriptive format of Dytiscidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga), which incorporates detailed chaetotaxic and morphometric analyses. A parsimony analysis based on larval characteristics of 14 Laccophilini species in seven genera was conducted using the program TNT. One of the main results is that Japanolaccophilus Satô, 1972, which so far was treated as being related to Neptosternus Sharp, 1882 now stands out as sister to Laccophilus Leach, 1815, and Philodytes J. Balfour-Browne, 1938 with strong support. Additionally, Laccomimus Toledo & Michat, 2015, and Africophilus Guignot, 1948 are resolved as monophyletic and sister to a clade which itself is subdivided into two well supported clades: Neptosternus + Australphilus Watts, 1978, and Japanolaccophilus + (Laccophilus, Philodytes). Philodytes is here newly accepted as junior synonym of Laccophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Alarie
- School of Natural Sciences; Laurentian University; Ramsey Lake Road; Sudbury; Ontario; CANADA.
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Ishikawa Insect Museum; Inu-3; Yawata-machi; Hakusan-shi; 920-2113 JAPAN.
| | - Mariano C Michat
- University of Buenos Aires; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences; Department of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology (IBBEA); Buenos Aires; ARGENTINA.
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21
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Saneera E, Raguraman S, Kannan M, Josephrajkumar A, Jeyarani S. Microscopy-based morphological characterization of rugose spiraling whitefly, (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin)-an exotic pest on coconut in India. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:529-538. [PMID: 36695292 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Precise identification of exotic whiteflies is a prerequisite to curb the invasive potential on to a new geographical location and to evolve effective management strategies. Conventionally, whitefly taxonomy is based on the description of the fourth-instar nymph or puparium, however, in the current investigation egg to adult morphology along with morphometrics of rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was critically analyzed and various morphological characteristics were illustrated. The morphometric analysis revealed that in the immature life stages of the pest, the length: width ratio decreased with each successive life stage, such as the egg, first, second, third, and fourth instar (2.472 ± 0.071, 1.913 ± 0.020, 1.550 ± 0.045, 1.297 ± 0.034, and 1.174 ± 0.058 mm), respectively. Across different nymphal instars, the shape of lingula was greatly modified from tongue-like to triangle-shaped. The number and distribution of compound pores also vary among the different nymphal stages. The ultra-structures of the antenna through electron-microscopy depicted finer details of sensory cones. The modulation in the shape and the structural arrangement of microtrichia on the plate was illustrated. The study indicated accurate diagnosis of various stages of RSW for effective interception of goods at quarantine stations and thus preventing the entry of exotic pests into the country. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Microscopy-based (light and scanning electron microscopy) morphological characterization of rugose spiraling whitefly, (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edayakkal Saneera
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Swaminathan Raguraman
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Malaichamy Kannan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
- Centre for Agricultural Nanotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Arulappan Josephrajkumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam, India
| | - Subramanian Jeyarani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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22
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Ngegba PM, Cui G, Li Y, Zhong G. Synergistic effects of chlorantraniliprole and camptothecin on physiological impairments, histopathological, biochemical changes, and genes responses in the larvae midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 191:105363. [PMID: 36963934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is an economically important agricultural pest and poses a serious threat to food security globally. Its management is gravely challenged by its high polyphagous nature, strong migratory ability, and massive fecundity. Chlorantraniliprole (CHL) is widely utilized in controlling S. frugiperda, its intensive application and over-reliance pose adverse health risks, development of resistance, toxicity to beneficial insects, natural enemies, and environmental contamination. To address S. frugiperda resistance to CHL and its inherent challenges, this study explores the synergistic effects of camptothecin (CPT) with CHL in its management. The binary mixed adversely induced the larvae weight and mortality when compared to single-treated. CHL + CPT (1:20 mg/L) had the highest larvae mortality of (73.80 %) with a high antagonistic factor (0.90), while (1:10 mg/L) with (66.10%) mortality exhibited a high synergistic factor (1.43). Further, CHL + CPT (1:10 mg/L) considerably altered the midgut epithelial cell, peritrophic membrane, microvilli, basement membrane, and regenerative cells. For biochemical analysis, CHL + CPT (1:10 mg/L) significantly decreased glutathione-S-transferase (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene CDNB) and cytochrome P450 (7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation) activities in the midgut in a dose and time dependent manner. Based on RNA-Seq analysis, a total of 4,373 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the three treatments. CPT vs CK (Control) had 1694 (968 up-, 726 down-regulated), CHL vs CK with 1771 (978 up-, 793 down-regulated), and CHL + CPT vs CK had 908 (394 up-, 514 down-regulated) DEGs. The enrichment analysis disclosed significant pathways such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, TOLL and IMD (Immune Deficiency) signaling pathway, longevity regulating pathway. This study provides basis to expatiate on the molecular toxicological mechanism of CHL + CPT in management of fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maada Ngegba
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute, P.M.B 1313 Tower Hill, Freetown 47235, Sierra Leone
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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23
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Harmon EA, Evans B, Pfennig DW. Frog hatchlings use early environmental cues to produce an anticipatory resource-use phenotype. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220613. [PMID: 36987611 PMCID: PMC10050921 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity can occur at any life stage, but plasticity that acts early in development may give individuals a competitive edge later in life. Here, we asked if early (pre-feeding) exposure to a nutrient-rich resource impacts hatchling morphology in Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles, Spea multiplicata. A distinctive carnivore morph can be induced when tadpoles eat live fairy shrimp. We investigated whether cues from shrimp--detected before individuals are capable of feeding--alter hatchling morphology such that individuals could potentially take advantage of this nutritious resource once they begin feeding. We found that hatchlings with early developmental exposure to shrimp were larger and had larger jaw muscles--traits that, at later stages, increase a tadpole's competitive ability for shrimp. These results suggest that early developmental stages can assess and respond to environmental cues by producing resource-use phenotypes appropriate for future conditions. Such anticipatory plasticity may be an important but understudied form of developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Harmon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Boyce Evans
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David W. Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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24
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Walczak K, Szpila K, Nelson L, Pape T, Hall MJR, Alves F, Grzywacz A. Larval morphology of the avian parasitic genus Passeromyia: playing hide and seek with a parastomal bar. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:14-26. [PMID: 36156281 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enigmatic larvae of the Old World genus Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve, 1915 (Diptera: Muscidae) inhabit the nests of birds as saprophages or as haematophagous agents of myiasis among nestlings. Using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we provide the first morphological descriptions of the first, second and third instar of P. longicornis (Macquart, 1851) (Diptera: Muscidae), the first and third instar of P. indecora (Walker, 1858) (Diptera: Muscidae), and we revise the larval morphology of P. heterochaeta (Villenueve, 1915) (Diptera: Muscidae) and P. steini Pont, 1970 (Diptera: Muscidae). We provide a key to the third instar of examined species (excluding P. steini and P. veitchi Bezzi, 1928 (Diptera: Muscidae)). Examination of the cephaloskeleton revealed paired rod-like sclerites, named 'rami', between the lateral arms of the intermediate sclerite in the second and third instar larva. We reveal parastomal bars fused apically with the intermediate sclerite, the absence of which has so far been considered as apomorphic for second and third instar muscid larvae. Examination of additional material suggests that modified parastomal bars are not exclusive features of Passeromyia but occur widespread in the Muscidae, and rami may occur widespread in the Cyclorrhapha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Walczak
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szpila
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Leanne Nelson
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin J R Hall
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Fernanda Alves
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrzej Grzywacz
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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25
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Martín-Zamora FM, Liang Y, Guynes K, Carrillo-Baltodano AM, Davies BE, Donnellan RD, Tan Y, Moggioli G, Seudre O, Tran M, Mortimer K, Luscombe NM, Hejnol A, Marlétaz F, Martín-Durán JM. Annelid functional genomics reveal the origins of bilaterian life cycles. Nature 2023; 615:105-110. [PMID: 36697830 PMCID: PMC9977687 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, which makes larvae central to most scenarios of animal evolution2-11. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that temporal shifts (that is, heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. We performed chromosome-scale genome sequencing in the annelid Owenia fusiformis with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles of this and two other annelids. We found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O. fusiformis but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the direct developing embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anterior domain that forms larval tissues and the adult head12. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called 'head larvae' of other bilaterians13-17, with which the O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporal decoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in head larvae, facilitated larval evolution in Bilateria. This diverges from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option9,10 or innovation11 of gene regulatory programmes to explain larva and adult origins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kero Guynes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Billie E Davies
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rory D Donnellan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yongkai Tan
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Giacomo Moggioli
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Océane Seudre
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin Tran
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Mortimer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Amgueddfa Cymru-Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Marlétaz
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
| | - José M Martín-Durán
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Orlandin E, Piovesan M, Herbin D, Carneiro E. Immature Stages, Description of Female, and Redescription of Male of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae). Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:92-103. [PMID: 36422841 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Apatelodes Packard, 1864 comprise more than half of the known Apatelodidae species, but most of its species are placed in the genus without precise justification. The result is a heterogeneous group of species, probably forming a polyphyletic arrangement. Despite being relatively large moths and relatively abundant in light traps, only little information on the natural history and morphology of the Apatelodes immature stages has been published, and only one species is fully described including its immature stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge and provide information towards the definition of the identity of this genus, the present study describes the immature stages, provides a redescription of the male, the first description of the female of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929, and we compare and discuss the morphological similarities among Apatelodes species. In general, the immatures of Apatelodes exhibits apparently well-conserved morphological characters, including the gross chaetotaxy configuration. Most differences are found in larval coloration patterns (mainly in the last instar larvae), pupa texture, and cremaster morphology. In contrast, imagos wings and genitalia are rich sources of diagnostic characters which can be used to identify species. However, there are still large gaps in the knowledge of the morphological characters and natural history of most species in the genus that hampers a more robust delimitation of the genus Apatelodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Orlandin
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Piovesan
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Carneiro
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, P. O. Box 1920, Curitiba , Paraná, Brazil
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Golubinskaya DD, Korn OM. Larvae of two parasitic barnacles, Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae) studied by scanning electron microscopy. Arthropod Struct Dev 2023; 72:101227. [PMID: 36436363 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complete larval development of Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 including five naupliar stages and one cypris stage is described and illustrated using SEM. P. pilosella and S. pugettiae have a sacculinid type of development. Nauplii possess a naupliar eye, short frontolateral horns with terminal processes, and a ventral process between the furcal rami. Larvae lack a flotation collar, seta 6 on the antennule and a seta on the antennal basis. Cyprids have a nearly straight LO2. Breakage zone and a spinous process are present only in male larvae. Nauplii of the two species differ by the morphology of the furca: in P. pilosella, the furcal rami are longer and not drowned into cuticular sockets. Naupliar antenna of S. pugettiae has a lateral seta on the endopod which is lacking in P. pilosella. Dorsal head shield setae 1 and 2a are present in S. pugettiae nauplii and not found in P. pilosella larvae. In P. pilosella, all dorsal setae have subterminal pores, whereas in S. pugettiae, pores of the setae 2 are shifted proximally. It is possible that the presence/absence of setae 1 and 2a is the distinctive feature of nauplii of the families Sacculinidae and Polyascidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya D Golubinskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Olga M Korn
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
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Toni ASB, Fialho VS, Cossolin JFS, Serrão JE. Larval and adult digestive tract of the carrion beetle Oxelytrum discicolle (Brullé, 1840) (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2022; 71:101213. [PMID: 36208618 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxelytrum discicolle is a necrophagous beetle occurring in Central and South America, with potential use in forensic entomology for investigations in the context of legal medicine. The present work aimed to describe the morphology of the digestive tract of larvae and adults and contributes to the knowledge about the digestion associated with necrophagy. In the three larval instars, the foregut is short and narrow, the midgut is a dilated tube, elongated with a smooth surface, and the hindgut is narrow and long, with small lateral projections and a dilated terminal region. The gut epithelium in the second and third instar larvae is vacuolated in the mid- and hindgut, with high production of apocrine secretions in the midgut lumen. In adults, the foregut is short, with small spines in the cuticular intima that covers the flattened epithelium. The midgut is dilated, with many short gastric caeca with regenerative cells in the blind portion, which differentiate in digestive columnar cells towards the midgut lumen. The hindgut is long and narrow, with an enlarged distal portion with folded epithelium lined by a thin cuticle. The histochemical tests reveal the absence of protein storage granules in the gut epithelium of larvae and adults. The gut characteristics of the carrion beetle O. discicolle are similar to those of other predatory and phytophagous Coleoptera, which may indicate that ancestry may influence the alimentary canal morphology more than the feeding habits.
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29
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Kundu I, Mandal DR. Identification of Larval Eustrongylides (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) sp. from Channa punctata Bloch, 1793 by Morphological and Molecular Techniques. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:213-218. [PMID: 36094123 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.41736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the larval form of Eustrongylides sp. isolated from the visceral organs of Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) using morphological and molecular methods. METHODS Fishes were collected from fish farms in Nadia and North 24 Paraganas for the collection of nematodes. The visceral organs were dissected and kept in 0.67% normal saline. Nematodes collected from the abdominal regions and visceral organs for light microscopy study were fixed in 70% ethanol. Morphological features were studied by placing the nematodes in lactophenol. The specimens were later preserved in 70% ethanol containing 5% glycerine. Specimens processed for scanning electron microscopy were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide. Proper identification was done by using standard methology. Molecular studies were performed for the 18S rRNA, ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA gene fragments using polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The morphological characteristics of nematodes were described with the help of light and scanning electron microscopy. Additional features not described earlier like dimensions and shape of the cephalic papillae, absence of somatic papillae, presence of caudal papillae, were identified for the first time. Moreover, molecular studies with ITS regions further confirmed the identification of the nematode. CONCLUSION Thus the use of morphotaxonomy along with molecular techniques would help in proper identification of Eustrongylides sp infecting edible fish. Studies on the nematode would help toexplore the intermediate as well as paratenic hosts of the parasite. Data in this regard would contribute significantly to the fish database in regard to parasites infesting edible fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Kundu
- Barasat Government College, Department of Zoology, West Bengal, India
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30
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Somboon P, Namgay R, Harbach RE. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bhutanensis (Diptera: Culicidae), A New Species From Bhutan. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1303-1307. [PMID: 35608291 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new species of the subgenus Pseudoficalbia of the genus Uranotaenia is described from larvae found in a hole in a log at high altitude in montane forest in the Mongar District of Bhutan. Based on morphology, the larvae are sufficiently distinct from other species of the subgenus to be described and formally named here as Uranotaenia bhutanensis Somboon, Namgay & Harbach, n. sp. The species is a member of the Bimaculata Series. The chaetotaxy of the fourth-instar larva is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Gelephu 31101, Bhutan
| | - Rinzin Namgay
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Gelephu 31101, Bhutan
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Stein M, Bangher D, Laurito M, Visintín A, Rossi GC, Almirón W. Description of Larva and Pupa of Psorophora (Grabhamia) dimidiata (Diptera: Culicidae) and Redescription of the Adult Female and Male. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1308-1318. [PMID: 35640207 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Psorophora (Grabhamia) dimidiata Cerqueira (1943) was described based on the adult female and male. Later, descriptions of the male and female genitalia were published by Lane (in Neotropical Culicidae, vols. I & II. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, S. P., Brazil, 1953) and Guedes et al. (in Catalogo ilustrado dos mosquitos da coleção do Instituto Nacional de Endemias Rurais. I. Gênero Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827. Rev. Bras. Malariol. Doencas Trop. 12: 3-24; 1965), respectively. Here we describe the pupa and fourth-instar larva and redescribe the adult male and female genitalia and female cibarium. All stages (except the egg) are illustrated. Unambiguous recognition is provided. Distinctions from Ps. cingulata (Fabricius) and possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Las Heras 727 3500, Resistencia, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Débora Bangher
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Las Heras 727 3500, Resistencia, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Laurito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, (5016), Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Andrés Visintín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, (5016), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (CENIIT), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis Vernet esq. Apóstol Felipe s/n (5300), La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Gustavo C Rossi
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, UNLP, Calle 120 entre 61 y 62, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Walter Almirón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, (5016), Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
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Somboon P, Phanitchakun T, Namgay R, Harbach RE. The Anopheles lindesayi Species Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bhutan. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1236-1251. [PMID: 35642893 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with species A, C, D, and E of the Lindesayi Complex of Anopheles subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) that were recently recorded from Bhutan. Species B is not included due to insufficient data. Species A is Anopheles lindesayi sensu stricto, and species C, D, and E are new species that are formally described and named herein as Anopheles druki Somboon, Namgay & Harbach, Anopheles himalayensis Somboon, Namgay & Harbach and Anopheles thimphuensis Somboon, Namgay & Harbach, respectively. Morphological characteristics of the adults, larval and pupal stages of each species are provided and compared with An. lindesayi from Bhutan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanari Phanitchakun
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rinzin Namgay
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Gelephu, 31101, Bhutan
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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Zhao L, Sun X, Wang X, Qin S, Kong Y, Li M. Bombyx mori Vps13d is a key gene affecting silk yield. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270840. [PMID: 35797274 PMCID: PMC9262180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori is an important economic insect, its economic value mainly reflected in the silk yield. The major functional genes affecting the silk yield of B. mori have not been determined yet. Bombyx mori vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13d (BmVps13d) has been identified, but its function is not reported. In this study, BmVps13d protein shared 30.84% and 34.35% identity with that of in Drosophila melanogaster and Homo. sapiens, respectively. The expressions of BmVps13d were significantly higher in the midgut and silk gland of JS (high silk yield) than in that of L10 (low silk yield). An insertion of 9 bp nucleotides and two deficiencies of adenine ribonucleotides in the putative promoter region of BmVps13d gene in L10 resulted in the decline of promoter activity was confirmed using dual luciferase assay. Finally, the functions of BmVps13d in B. mori were studied using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the mutation of BmVps13d resulted in a 24.7% decline in weight of larvae, as well as a 27.1% (female) decline and a 11.8% (male) decline in the silk yield. This study provides a foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of silk yield and breeding the silkworm with high silk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luochao Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhui Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Sarmah PC, Islam S, Deka DK, Bhattacharjee K, Roy K. Elephantoloemus indicus Austen, 1930 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as the cause of cutaneous myiasis in captive Indian elephants from Assam, India. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 32:100734. [PMID: 35725101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elephantoloemus indicus Austen, 1930, a dipteran calliphorid fly is known to cause by its larval stage obligatory cutaneous myiasis in Indian subspecies of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier, 1798) in Myanmar and Thailand. The present study was undertaken on morphological identification of some specimens of fly larvae which were recovered from the warbles detected on the skin of captive Indian elephants at the Nameri National Park and Kaziranga National Park both situated in the state of Assam, India. The larval specimens were whitish to creamy white in colour and body conformation varied from cylindrical to barrel shaped depending on their measured size (Av 6.12 ± 0.28 × 2.35 ± 0.12 mm). Microscopic examination of processed larvae revealed presence of numerous single pointed spines uniformly distributed on entire body surface, well developed mouth hooks and cephalopharyngeal skeleton at the anterior end and posterior spiracles each with lightly sclerotized peritreme enclosing three short and straight respiratory slits. Based on geographical distribution of the fly, host relation, larval parasitism and morphological characters, the larvae were determined as of the genus Elephantoloemus which is represented by E. indicus as the only species described so far. This finding seems to be the first record in India after its report from Myanmar and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Chandra Sarmah
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Saidul Islam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Deka
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Kanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Kuntola Roy
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India.
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Orr GHYAG, Orr AG, Zhang HM. Descriptions of the larvae of Huosoma Guan, Dumont, Yu, Han amp; Vierstraete, 2013 from China (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Zootaxa 2022; 5134:426-434. [PMID: 36101057 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The final stadium larvae of Huosoma latiloba (Yu, Yang Bu, 2008) and Huosoma tinctipenne (McLachlan, 1894) from Yunnan Province, China are described and illustrated for the first time, with diagnostic differences between the two species identified. While no morphological characters separating the adults of this genus, and the closely related western Palaearctic Pyrrhosoma Charpentier, 1840 have been found, the larvae of these two genera do show differences which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert G Orr
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia. .
| | - Hao-Miao Zhang
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. .
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Bangher DN, Rossi GC, Almirón WR, Stein M. Morphological Description of the Female, Pupa, and Fourth-Instar Larva and Redescription of the Male of Culex (Melanoconion) aliciae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2022; 59:835-842. [PMID: 35147700 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The female, pupa, and fourth-instar larva of Culex (Melanoconion) aliciae are described for the first time, and the male is redescribed. The cibarium, female and male genitalia, pupa, and fourth-instar larva are illustrated. Information on distribution, bionomics, and taxonomy is also included. Males of Cx. aliciae Duret and Cx. martinezi Casal & Garcia are indistinguishable, except for the appearance of the ninth tergal lobes. The female of Culex martinezi has not been described before. The females of Culex aliciae can be recognized by characteristics of the occipital scales, cibarium, and genitalia. The larva of Cx. aliciae and Cx. martinezi can be distinguished from characters of the thorax and abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora N Bangher
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Gustavo C Rossi
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CCT La Plata, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 2 Nº 584, B1902CHX La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter R Almirón
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Sede Central (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
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Zhan XD, Yao R, Wang MQ, Jiang F, Guo W, Tang FF, Wang L, Li CP. [Scanning electron microscopic observation of the external morphology of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 34:179-182. [PMID: 35537840 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the morphological characteristics of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages. METHODS The cultured D. farinae was isolated, and the external morphological features of mites at various developmental stages were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including egg, larva, nymph and adult stages. RESULTS The D. farinae egg appeared a long oval shape, and the larval mites had three pairs of legs. The nymph had four pairs of legs and underdeveloped genital pores containing genital setae and anal setae, and adult mites appeared long and oval in shape, with decorative patterns on epidermis, and had four pairs of legs. In male adult mites, remarkable thickening of the leg I and thicker and longer leg III than the leg IV were seen, and ventral genital regions were found between the basal segments of legs III and IV; the anus was surrounded by a circular peri-anal ring, with a pair of anal suckers and anal setae within the ring. In the female adult mites, slender legs III and IV with an equal length were seen, and a "λ-shape" genital hole was observed on the ventral surface, with a crescent-like genital plate in the anterior part, and the anus appeared a longitudinal slit. CONCLUSIONS An SEM observation of the external morphology of D. farinae provides understandings of the morphological characteristics of D. farinae, which is of great significance for the classification and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Co-first authors
| | - R Yao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Co-first authors
| | - M Q Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - W Guo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - F F Tang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - C P Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Alexeeva N, Tamberg Y. Early lecithotrophic stages of Nymphon grossipes, and the role of larval appendages and glands in different larval types of pycnogonids. J Morphol 2022; 283:296-312. [PMID: 34993989 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nymphon grossipes is a common subtidal species belonging to a small and unique group of chelicerates, that is, the sea spiders. These animals have an anamorphic phase during post-embryonic development and often hatch as small, oligomeric and exotrophic larvae (protonymphons) with four postocular segments, cheliphores, and two pairs of larval legs. A common alternative to protonymphons is a large lecithotrophic larval type, where animals hatch at more advanced stages and have a foreshortened anamorphic development. Based on external morphology, N. grossipes was believed to be an intriguing intermediate between these two conditions and its hatchlings were called "lecithotrophic protonymphons." Here, we examine the anatomy and ultrastructure of instars I and II and review the variety of roles of larval appendages and associated glands in other sea spiders in order to correctly place the larva of this species among pycnogonid larval types. Compared to "typical protonymphons," N. grossipes young hatch with an advanced segmental and appendage composition: six postocular segments instead of four, buds of walking legs 1 and hidden buds of walking legs 2. This state corresponds to the instars II/III (rather than larvae) of Nymphon brevirostre and Pycnogonum litorale. Modifications of the larval appendages, chelar, and spinning glands are aligned with ecological needs of different larval types along a few typical dimensions: locomotion and feeding, dispersal, and attachment to the parent. Although the main challenge for N. grossipes young is secure attachment to the egg package while they growth, there are some discrepancies in their anatomy: N. grossipes retains an oyster basket, but an otherwise nonfunctional digestive system, and a strong silken thread for attachment, but no corresponding reduction of the larval legs. Thus, it is likely that the switch to lecithotrophy happened in the recent evolutionary history of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Alexeeva
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Somboon P, Phanitchakun T, Saingamsook J, Namgay R, Harbach RE. Culex (Culex) longitubus, A New Species of the Mimeticus Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) From Bhutan. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2196-2205. [PMID: 33982746 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Culex longitubus Somboon, Namgay & Harbach is described as a new species of the Mimeticus Subgroup of the subgenus Culex. The larva is most similar to the larva of Cx. tianpingensis Chen from China, but is distinguished by the length of the siphon and the anal papillae, the form of the comb scales and pecten spines, and the development of setae 7-P, 13-T, 1-X, and 4-X. The adults have wing markings and male genitalia similar to those of species of the Mimeticus Complex. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed that the new species is closely related to Cx. murrelli Lien of the Mimulus Complex. The immature stages of the new species were found in stagnant pools and marshes at high altitudes in several districts of Bhutan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand
| | - Thanari Phanitchakun
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand
| | - Rinzin Namgay
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Gelephu 31101,Bhutan
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD,UK
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Kang V, White RT, Chen S, Federle W. Extreme suction attachment performance from specialised insects living in mountain streams (Diptera: Blephariceridae). eLife 2021; 10:e63250. [PMID: 34731079 PMCID: PMC8565926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suction is widely used by animals for strong controllable underwater adhesion but is less well understood than adhesion of terrestrial climbing animals. Here we investigate the attachment of aquatic insect larvae (Blephariceridae), which cling to rocks in torrential streams using the only known muscle-actuated suction organs in insects. We measured their attachment forces on well-defined rough substrates and found that their adhesion was less reduced by micro-roughness than that of terrestrial climbing insects. In vivo visualisation of the suction organs in contact with microstructured substrates revealed that they can mould around large asperities to form a seal. We have shown that the ventral surface of the suction disc is covered by dense arrays of microtrichia, which are stiff spine-like cuticular structures that only make tip contact. Our results demonstrate the impressive performance and versatility of blepharicerid suction organs and highlight their potential as a study system to explore biological suction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kang
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin T White
- Carl Zeiss Research Microscopy SolutionsPleasantonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Chen
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Walter Federle
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Agrain FA, Hernández Del Pino S, López-García GP, Roig-Juñent S. Unusual host selection in Amblycerus dispar larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and its potential impact on stored almonds ( Prunus dulcis). Bull Entomol Res 2021; 111:585-594. [PMID: 33858535 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first report of Amblycerus dispar (Sharp) attacking stored almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] in Argentina. A summarized diagnosis, illustrations, and photographs of the adult and mature larva are provided to facilitate identification. We performed species distribution models for A. dispar and its main host plant Geoffroea decorticans (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart. We include A. dispar into a previous morphological character matrix and conduct a phylogenetic analysis to infer its phylogenetic position. The evolution of host plant associations of the genus Amblycerus is herein re-analyzed. A. dispar and its main host shows high suitability areas especially in central-west Argentina and Chile, whereas for the USA, high suitability areas were found for the south-western which include the area of almond production in this country. Although the presence of A. dispar in the USA region is very unlikely, we recommend some awareness as other bruchines are present in the area. Although A. dispar is unlikely to become an economically important risk, monitoring for early detection is recommended to avoid productivity loss, especially when the native host is nearby cultivated areas. A. dispar is hypothesized to be the sister species of A. schwarzi Kingsolver. The colonization of a Rosaceae species is a novelty for this genus, being host shifts known as an important factor affecting both natural and agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Agrain
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CCT Mendoza CONICET, C.C. 507, 5500Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo P López-García
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CCT Mendoza CONICET, C.C. 507, 5500Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sergio Roig-Juñent
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CCT Mendoza CONICET, C.C. 507, 5500Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Animal (IBA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Luján de Cuyo, Almirante Brown, 500, Luján de Cuyo. C.C., 5505Mendoza, Argentina
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Martoni F, Blacket MJ. Description of an Australian endemic species of Trioza (Hemiptera: Triozidae) pest of the endemic tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257031. [PMID: 34550976 PMCID: PMC8457488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psyllids, also known as jumping plant lice, are phloem feeding Hemiptera that often show a strict species-specific relationship with their host plants. When psyllid-plant associations involve economically important crops, this may lead to the recognition of a psyllid species as an agricultural or horticultural pest. The Australian endemic tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel., has been used for more than a century to extract essential oils and, long before that, as a traditional medicine by Indigenous Australian people. Recently, a triozid species has been found to damage the new growth of tea trees both in Queensland and New South Wales, raising interest around this previously undocumented pest. Furthermore, adults of the same species were also collected from Citrus plantations, leading to potential false-positive records of the exotic pest Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio 1918), the African Citrus psyllid. Here we describe for the first time Trioza melaleucae Martoni sp. nov. providing information on its distribution, host plant associations and phylogenetic relationships to other Trioza species. This work enables both morphological and molecular identification of this new species, allowing it to be recognized and distinguished for the first time from exotic pests as well as other Australian native psyllids. Furthermore, the haplotype network analysis presented here suggests a close relationship between Trioza melaleucae and the other Myrtaceae-feeding Trioza spp. from Australia, New Zealand, and Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martoni
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark J. Blacket
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. Although transitory, these larvae often attain a remarkable degree of tissue complexity, with well-defined musculature and nervous systems. Among the best studied are larvae belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, but with work largely focused on the pluteus larvae of sea urchins (class Echinoidea). The greatest diversity of larval strategies among echinoderms is found in the class Asteroidea (sea stars), organisms that are rapidly emerging as experimental systems for genetic and developmental studies. However, the bipinnaria larvae of sea stars have only been studied in detail in a small number of species and although they have been relatively well described neuro-anatomically, they are poorly understood neurochemically. Here, we have analyzed embryonic development and bipinnaria larval anatomy in the common North Atlantic sea star Asterias rubens, using a variety of staining methods in combination with confocal microscopy. Importantly, the chemical complexity of the nervous system of bipinnaria larvae was revealed through use of a diverse set of antibodies, with identification of at least three centers of differing neurochemical signature within the previously described nervous system: the anterior apical organ, oral region, and ciliary bands. Furthermore, the anatomy of the musculature and sites of cell division in bipinnaria larvae was analyzed. Comparisons of developmental progression and molecular anatomy across the Echinodermata provided a basis for hypotheses on the shared evolutionary and developmental processes that have shaped this group of animals. We conclude that bipinnaria larvae appear to be remarkably conserved across ∼200 million years of evolutionary time and may represent a strong evolutionary and/or developmental constraint on species utilizing this larval strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh F Carter
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jeffrey R Thompson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
Ascidians are invertebrate chordates, with swimming chordate tadpole larvae that have distinct heads and tails. The head contains the small brain, sensory organs, including the ocellus (light) and otolith (gravity) and the presumptive endoderm, while the tail has a notochord surrounded by muscle cells and a dorsal nerve cord. One of the chordate features is a post-anal tail. Ascidian tadpoles are nonfeeding, and their tails are critical for larval locomotion. After hatching the larvae swim up toward light and are carried by the tide and ocean currents. When competent to settle, ascidian tadpole larvae swim down, away from light, to settle and metamorphose into a sessile adult. Tunicates are classified as chordates because of their chordate tadpole larvae; in contrast, the sessile adult has a U-shaped gut and very derived body plan, looking nothing like a chordate. There is one group of ascidians, the Molgulidae, where many species are known to have tailless larvae. The Swalla Lab has been studying the evolution of tailless ascidian larvae in this clade for over 30 years and has shown that tailless larvae have evolved independently several times in this clade. Comparison of the genomes of two closely related species, the tailed Molgula oculata and tailless Molgula occulta reveals much synteny, but there have been multiple insertions and deletions that have disrupted larval genes in the tailless species. Genomics and transcriptomics have previously shown that there are pseudogenes expressed in the tailless embryos, suggesting that the partial rescue of tailed features in their hybrid larvae is due to the expression of intact genes from the tailed parent. Yet surprisingly, we find that the notochord gene regulatory network is mostly intact in the tailless M. occulta, although the notochord does not converge and extend and remains as an aggregate of cells we call the "notoball." We expect that eventually many of the larval gene networks will become evolutionarily lost in tailless ascidians and the larval body plan abandoned, with eggs developing directly into an adult. Here we review the current evolutionary and developmental evidence on how the molgulids lost their tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C A Fodor
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Megan M Powers
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kristin Andrykovich
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Jiatai Liu
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Elijah K Lowe
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - C Titus Brown
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Population Health and Reproduction, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anna Di Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alberto Stolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Billie J Swalla
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
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Zhang Y, Wang XX, Shen LF, Feng ZJ, Zhang SQ, Tian HG, Feng Y, Liu TX. Abdominal-B regulates structure and development of the Harmonia axyridis cremaster. Insect Sci 2021; 28:965-975. [PMID: 32452090 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an insect that exhibits pupal attachment to plants, which facilitates development and environmental adaptation. The cremaster is highly specialized for this behavior. However, the underlying molecular regulation of the cremaster remains unclear; therefore, we performed experiments to investigate the transcriptional regulation of cremaster development. First, we examined the morphological structure of the cremaster to reveal its function in pupal attachment of H. axyridis. Next, we analyzed the Hox gene Ha-Abd-B using RNA interference (RNAi) to determine its function in regulating cremaster formation; Ha-Abd-B up-regulation promoted effective pupal attachment, whereas successful RNAi caused severe down-regulation of this gene, and pupae were unable to attach. Furthermore, successful RNAi and subsequent Ha-Abd-B down-regulation caused phenotypic changes in cremaster structure, including its complete disappearance from some individuals. Finally, we observed unique development of the cremaster and dynamic expression of Ha-Abd-B during pre-pupal development; consequently, we hypothesized that there was specific pre-pupal development of the cremaster. Overall, based on these results, the specialized cremasteric structure located on the posterior side of H. axyridis was determined to be a key organ for pupal attachment. Cremaster identification in H. axyridis is regulated by Ha-Abd-B and exhibits preferential development. Pupal attachment of H. axyridis reveals an environmental adaptation of this species; thus, this study and future molecular studies will help determine the role of Hox genes in regulation of insect attachment and further our understanding of the multiple functions of Hox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling-Feng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Kumari R, Sharma P, Sarma D, Siddaiah GM, Dubey MK, Mir IN, Srivastava PP. Ontogeny and development of the gastrointestinal system in Indian walking catfish (Clarias magur) during its early development. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1033-1052. [PMID: 33987812 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ontogeny of the digestive tract and its accessory organs and their further development in the Indian walking catfish (Clarias magur) were examined in larvae, starting from the day of hatching until 35 days post-hatching (dph) reared at 28-29 °C. Many organs at their primordial stage were seen on the day of hatching. These include opened oral cavity with monolayered epithelial lining and very few newly emerging taste buds and goblet cells, primordial pharyngeal teeth on slightly stratified epithelia of the pharyngeal plate, stomach anlage with some degree of the mucosal fold, and a few newly forming gastric glands embedded under its mucosa, primordial anterior and posterior intestine with the smooth mucosal surface, anal opening, and primordial liver and pancreas. At 1 dph, the stomach appeared to be bilobed with the first evidence of food particle in it, and the intestine had some initial folding. On the day of hatching, goblet cells appeared in all lengths of the gut, but not densely, except in the stomach; on it, they appeared at 2 dph. Pancreatic zymogen granules also appeared on this day. Supranuclear vesicles first appeared on 4-5 dph (7.9 ± 0.5-8.6 ± 0.8 mm TL), and they continue to exist until 35 dph. The developmental sequence in this fish confirmed it as an altricial species with some major histomorphological events after the onset of feeding; these include-the appearance of fully developed-pharyngeal teeth at 4 dph and onwards, pyloric sphincter, anterior to posterior intestinal sphincter at 6 dph, and the continuous development of buccopharyngeal cavity and stomach in their shape, size, and functionality until the completion of metamorphosis. Overall, the information on gastrointestinal development in the early life stage of C. magur will be useful for understanding its larval digestive physiology, and this, in turn, will help in designing effective larval feed for growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Kumari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
| | - Prakash Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - G M Siddaiah
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Maneesh K Dubey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Isfaq Nazir Mir
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - P P Srivastava
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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47
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Srisuka W, Aupalee K, Low VL, Yácob Z, Fukuda M, Saeung A, Takaoka H. A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Northern Thailand, with its genetic relationship in the S. asakoae species-group. Acta Trop 2021; 218:105889. [PMID: 33722581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kiewlomense, is described from females, males, pupae and mature larvae in Thailand. This new species is placed in the S. asakoae species-group and is characterized by having a combination of the elongate female sensory vesicle, widened male hind basitarsus, which is much wider than the hind femur, small pupal terminal hooks, and light greenish larval abdominal segments 1-3. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from other related species. A DNA analysis using the COI gene shows that this new species has two genoforms with 1.21% difference. This is the 28th species of the S. asakoae species-group in Thailand, strengthening the evidence for high species diversity of this species-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Aupalee
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Yácob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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48
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Hiramoto A, Jonaitis J, Niki S, Kohsaka H, Fetter RD, Cardona A, Pulver SR, Nose A. Regulation of coordinated muscular relaxation in Drosophila larvae by a pattern-regulating intersegmental circuit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2943. [PMID: 34011945 PMCID: PMC8134441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical patterned movements in animals are achieved through combinations of contraction and delayed relaxation of groups of muscles. However, how intersegmentally coordinated patterns of muscular relaxation are regulated by the neural circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we identify Canon, a class of higher-order premotor interneurons, that regulates muscular relaxation during backward locomotion of Drosophila larvae. Canon neurons are cholinergic interneurons present in each abdominal neuromere and show wave-like activity during fictive backward locomotion. Optogenetic activation of Canon neurons induces relaxation of body wall muscles, whereas inhibition of these neurons disrupts timely muscle relaxation. Canon neurons provide excitatory outputs to inhibitory premotor interneurons. Canon neurons also connect with each other to form an intersegmental circuit and regulate their own wave-like activities. Thus, our results demonstrate how coordinated muscle relaxation can be realized by an intersegmental circuit that regulates its own patterned activity and sequentially terminates motor activities along the anterior-posterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Hiramoto
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Julius Jonaitis
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sawako Niki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohsaka
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Albert Cardona
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan R Pulver
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Akinao Nose
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Somboon P, Phanitchakun T, Saingamsook J, Namgay R, Harbach RE. Reinertia, a New Subgenus of the Genus Aedes Meigen and Its Type Species Aedes (Reinertia) suffusus (Diptera: Culicidae), Newly Recorded From Bhutan. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1138-1148. [PMID: 33472216 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new subgenus, Reinertia Somboon, Namgay & Harbach, of the genus Aedes Meigen and its type species, Ae. suffusus Edwards, are described from specimens reared from larvae and pupae found in a tree hole in Bhutan. The scutum of the adults is mostly covered with narrow pale falcate scales. The proboscis, maxillary palpus, tibiae, and tarsi are dark-scaled. The gonocoxite of the male genitalia bears a unique setose basomesal sclerite. The larva closely resembles larvae of the subgenus Downsiomyia Vargus in having setae 4-6-C with numerous branches and inserted more or less on level with seta 7-C, abdominal seta 12-I is present and the comb is composed of 6-10 spine-like scales arranged in an irregular row. Surprisingly, Reinertia shares features of the adult habitus, male genitalia, and larva with the Palearctic subgenus Dahliana Reinert, Harbach & Kitching. However, in phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene of species representing 38 subgenera of Aedes and six other genera of the tribe Aedini Neveu-Lemaire, Reinertia was not associated with Dahliana or Downsiomyia. In both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the data, Ae. suffusus was recovered as the weakly supported sister of a clade composed of five species of the subgenus Protomacleaya Theobald. In the absence of strong support, and because Protomacleaya is an unnatural group of species that resemble each other phenetically by virtue of what they lack, Ae. suffusus cannot be placed in the subgenus Protomacleaya. Thus, the morphological and molecular data attest the uniqueness of Ae. suffusus and its recognition as a monobasic subgeneric lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanari Phanitchakun
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rinzin Namgay
- Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Gelephu, Bhutan
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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50
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Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, OConnor BM, Klimov P, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, de Castro Jacinavicius F. A New Genus and Species of Chiggers (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) From Peru. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1166-1170. [PMID: 33565596 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
South American chiggers have historically been poorly studied, and this has continued into present times. Of the 33 genera in the family Leeuwenhoekiidae Womersley, only Odontacarus Ewing and Sasacarus Brennan & Jones have been reported in Peru. Here, we describe a new genus, Peruacarus n. gen., and a new species, Peruacarus anthurium n. sp., parasitizing Koford's grass mouse, Akodon kofordi Myers & Patton, in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bassini-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo-FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Huang-Bastos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo-FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Barry M OConnor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pavel Klimov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cal Welbourn
- Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ron Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo-FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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