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Grams TR, Mathison BA, Roseberry D, Couturier MR. Answer to March 2024 Photo Quiz. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0126123. [PMID: 38477565 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01261-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Read the full article for the answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R Grams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Blaine A Mathison
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Marc Roger Couturier
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Grams TR, Mathison BA, Roseberry D, Couturier MR. Photo Quiz: An ear-resistible occupant in a 73-year-old patient. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0126023. [PMID: 38477564 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01260-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R Grams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Blaine A Mathison
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Marc Roger Couturier
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Perdoncini G, Soares NM, Tucci EC, Della Matta Junior R, Verza SP, Almeida TW, Roh HJ. Assessing the efficacy and zootechnical performance in laying hens after administration of a 1% aqueous solution of fluralaner (Exzolt) for treating natural infestation by Menacanthus cornutus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103151. [PMID: 37939583 PMCID: PMC10665927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A brood of laying hens infested with the lice Menacanthus cornutus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) evidenced itching, irritation, and damage to their zootechnical performance. A study was conducted to evaluate the zootechnical performance and infestation control using a 1% solution of fluralaner in a brood of white laying hens infested naturally with lice. The experiment was carried out using 10,560 naturally infested chickens divided into 2 groups: a treatment group of animals that received a 1% solution of fluralaner in drinking water, at a dose of 0.05 mL/kg of body weight, in 2 administrations, 7 d apart; and a control group of infested and untreated chickens. The groups of chickens were followed for 120 d to evaluate the score of infestation and zootechnical performance. It was observed that birds in the treatment group became free of lice infestation 7 d after the administration of the first dose of a 1% solution of fluralaner. For up to 120 d after the experiment was initiated, there was no evidence of subsequent lice infestation, while continued infestation with all life stages of lice (adults, young, or eggs) was evident in the untreated control group, remaining stable during all evaluations performed. The birds in the treatment group showed improved zootechnical performance when compared to a 9.94% egg production decrease in the control group. The feed conversion and egg mass data showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. This study allows us to conclude that treatment with a 1% solution of fluralaner effectively controlled Menacanthus cornutus lice infestation and promoted recovery of egg production in a brood of laying hens treated with the test formulation.
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Lakyat A, Pumnuan J, Doungnapa T, Phutphat S, Kramchote S, Thipmanee K. Nanoemulsion-based plant essential oil formulations: in vitro evaluation of pesticidal activity against ectoparasites in poultry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103245. [PMID: 38007904 PMCID: PMC10801651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectoparasite infestations significantly impact the health and productivity of poultry. Chemical applications, although common for pest control, lead to pesticide residues and parasite resistance in poultry. Nanoemulsion-based plant essential oil formulations (NEOFs) provide a promising alternative for controlling poultry ectoparasites. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of NEOFs from clove, cinnamon, and turmeric essential oils (EOs) against ectoparasites, Menopon gallinae and Megninia ginglymura, under laboratory conditions. The toxicity and repellent properties of the NEOFs were examined, with the major chemical compounds of the EOs analyzed using chromatography mass spectrometer. Results identified eugenol as the dominant component in clove and cinnamon EOs (84.60 and 75.19%, respectively), while turmerone (68.46%) was the major compound in turmeric EO. NEOFs with clove:cinnamon:turmeric ratios of 4:0:0, 2:2:0, and 2:0:2 had particle size of 20.76 nm, 20.66 nm, and 89.56 nm, respectively, while those based on eugenol and turmerone standards had sizes <21.0 nm. In addition, NEOFs at 0.3% concentration with ratios of 4:0:0 and 2:2:0 achieved full control of both ectoparasites. These formulas demonstrated exceptional potency in exterminating ectoparasites, with LC50 and LC90 at <0.160 and <0.250%, respectively, 6 h after treatments. Furthermore, both NEOFs showed higher repellence responses in M. gallinae compared to M. ginglymura. The toxicities of these NEOFs were comparably effective against both parasites, showing no significant difference compared with chemical insecticide treatment. Therefore, further research will explore the practicality of using clove and cinnamon-derived NEOFs under farm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuwat Lakyat
- School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Jarongsak Pumnuan
- School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Thanaporn Doungnapa
- School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sudjai Phutphat
- School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Somsak Kramchote
- School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Kamronwit Thipmanee
- School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Öktem Ö, Dik B. Studies on the Determination of Ectoparasites and the Prevalence Rate in Cattle in İzmir, Aydın and Muğla Regions. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2023; 47:244-248. [PMID: 38149447 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence rates of ectoparasites (external parasites) seen in cattle in Muğla, Aydın and İzmir regions. Methods For ectoparasite screening, a total of 1,353 cattle breeds from Muğla, Aydın and İzmir regions were included in the study. Ectoparasite samples were collected with the help of hand, forceps, comb and scalpel, brought to the laboratory in plastic containers containing 70% alcohol and examined under a microscope. Results In the study, 191 (14.12%) of 1,353 cattle were infested with external parasites. Of the cattle, 138 (72.25%) ticks, 24 (12.57%) lice, 9 (4.71%) tabanid, 8 (4.19%) hippoboscid, 7 (3.66%) fleas and 5 (2.62%) mites were detected. Accordingly, 4 tick species in cattle Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma excavatum, Hyalomma detritum, Rhipicephalus turanicus, 4 lice species (Bovicola bovis, Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus, Haematopinus quadripertusus ), 1 mite species (Chorioptes bovis), 2 flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis), 1 hippoboscid fly species (Hippobosca equina) ve 3 tabanid fly species (Tabanus bromius, Tabanus exclusus, Philipomyia aprica) diagnosed. Conclusion The presence of external parasites varied depending on the frequency of antiparasitic use in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Öktem
- Selçuk University Faculty of Health Sciences Institute, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Bilal Dik
- Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Konya, Türkiye
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Teixeira RHF, da Costa ALM, Gonzaga CRR, Matos FN, de Medeiros MA, Leandro SDFS, Von Matheus R, Bellotti MA, Lima BF, Sakamoto CAM, Barros LA. Flea parasitism in wild mammals in the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Vet Med 2023; 45:e003523. [PMID: 38149030 PMCID: PMC10750502 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fleas are eurixenous ectoparasites that can parasitize different species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, with the possibility of causing irritation and blood spoliation. They are vectors responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens and have a wide geographical distribution, more frequently in warm regions. Domestic animals (dogs and cats) are preferred hosts, but parasitism can also occur in wild hosts, with a greater variety of parasitic species and strong interaction between these siphonapters and their hosts. During the period from January 2021 to June 2023, flea specimens were collected from wild animals coming from the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. Some of these animals were animals from the zoo's own stock, which were diagnosed with parasitism during routine examinations and others were rescued from the natural environment and sent to the zoo. The flea specimens collected were packed in alcohol 700 GL and sent for microscopic diagnosis. Four groups were diagnosed at the specific level: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis and Tunga penetrans, and two groups as unidentified species, belonging to the genera Rhopalopsyllus and Polygenis. The parasitized animals were all mammals, belonging to eleven different species, distributed in the Orders Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia and Cingulata. Studies on the parasitofauna of wild animals contribute to a greater knowledge about the distribution of parasitic agents and their relationships with the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
- Veterinarian, Municipal Zoological Park "Quinzinho de Barros" (PZMQB), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP - Botucatu), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Mota da Costa
- Veterinarian, Municipal Zoological Park "Quinzinho de Barros" (PZMQB), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP - Botucatu), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Flora Nogueira Matos
- Veterinarian, Municipal Zoological Park "Quinzinho de Barros" (PZMQB), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Freitas Lima
- Veterinarian. Laboratório de Apoio ao Diagnóstico de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciano Antunes Barros
- Veterinarian. Laboratório de Apoio ao Diagnóstico de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Guo Y, Guo X, Peng P, Lv Y, Xiang R, Song W, Huang X. Infestation and distribution of chiggers on the Anderson's white-bellied rats in southwest China. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2920-2926. [PMID: 37725255 PMCID: PMC10650356 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a group of ectoparasites, chiggers (larvae of chigger mites) are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease). Rodents are the most important hosts of chiggers. The Anderson's niviventer rat, Niviventer andersoni, is an endemic species of rodent in China. However, few studies have involved this endemic rodent species and its ectoparasites including chiggers. According to the field investigation in five provincial regions of southwest China between 2001 and 2019, this paper retrospectively analysed the infestation and distribution of chiggers on the body surface of N. andersoni in southwest China for the first time. From 77 Anderson's niviventer rats captured, a total of 527 chiggers were collected and they were identified as 39 species and nine genera in two subfamilies of family Trombiculidae. Of 39 chigger species identified, Leptotrombidium deliense and L. scutellare are the most important vectors of scrub typhus in China. The overall infestation indexes were PM = 29.87%, MA = 6.84 and MI = 22.91, and the indexes of chigger mite community were Mf = 39, H' = 2.60, E = 0.71 and D = 0.12. The dominant chigger species are L. wenense, L. xiaguanense and L. fujianense with a total Cr = 51.04%, among which L. wenense is one of the six main vectors of scrub typhus in China. The dominant chigger species are of aggregated distribution among different individuals of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Xian‐Guo Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Pei‐Ying Peng
- Institute of MicrobiologyQujing Medical CollegeQujingYunnanChina
| | - Yan Lv
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Rong Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Wen‐Yu Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
| | - Xiao‐Bin Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and PreventionInstitute of Pathogens and VectorsDali UniversityDaliYunnanChina
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Teixeira JBDC, dos Santos KC, Guedes PEB, Vitor RC, Bitar TV, Harvey TV, Sevá ADP, Carlos RSA. Tungiasis: Participation of Cats and Chickens in the Dispersion and Maintenance of the Disease in an Endemic Tourist Area in Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:456. [PMID: 37888584 PMCID: PMC10611092 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunga spp. are fleas commonly found in impoverished tropical regions. In Vila Juerana, a tourist community in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil, where tungiasis is endemic, dogs are the main host of fleas during their life cycle. However, there is no information about the role of cats and chickens in tungiasis in the village. Of the 272 households investigated, 112 had domestic animals, 48 had only dogs, 28 had only cats, and nine had only chickens. Of the 27 households with cohabitation among species, 16 had cats and dogs, eight had chickens and dogs, and three had dogs, cats, and chickens. The injuries due to tungiasis were ranked according to the Fortaleza classification, considering stages I, II, and III as viable lesions. The paws/feet of 71/111 (63.9%) cats and 173/439 (39.4%) chickens were inspected. Dogs that lived with positive cats and chickens also were inspected. Among the 38% (27/7; 95% IC 26.74-49.32) positive cats, 16 cohabited houses with infected dogs but none lived with positive chickens. Of the chickens, 2.3% (4/173; 95% IC 0.07-4.5) had lesions caused by tungiasis. In each household where a cat was infected, the dog was also positive. Two chickens cohabited with an infected dog and the other two did not coexist with other species. Cohabitation with infected dogs and the absence of house confinement restrictions in Vila Juerana make cats important carriers that spread tungiasis in this community. Chickens had a low frequency of tungiasis lesions despite living in proximity to infected dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Bispo de Carvalho Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
| | - Katharine Costa dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
| | - Paula Elisa Brandão Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
| | - Rebeca Costa Vitor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
| | - Thammy Vieira Bitar
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil;
| | | | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
| | - Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal—PPGCA, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.B.d.C.T.); (K.C.d.S.); (P.E.B.G.); (R.C.V.); (A.d.P.S.)
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Barılı Ö, Tuygun T, Gençay Topçu EB, Umur Ş. The Parasites of Cats in Türkiye. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2023; 47:190-199. [PMID: 37724370 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.85698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cats have an important and different place due to their close relationships with humans. Since most of the parasites they carry are zoonotic, it is important to detect them. According to the research, Dipylidium caninum, Joyeuxiella pasqualei, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Giardia spp., Isospora spp., and Toxoplasma sp. were found to be higher in cats compared to other parasites. It has been determined that scabies and flea infestations are common as ectoparasites. This review aims to present the reported parasites and their prevalence rates in cats in Türkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öykü Barılı
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Tuğçe Tuygun
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Elif Burcu Gençay Topçu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Şinasi Umur
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Samsun, Türkiye
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Cermolacce A, Lacoste R, Moulin V, Briand A, Bakker J. Successful Treatment of Captive Common Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus) Infested with Common Cat Fleas (C tenocephalides felis) by Using Topical Imidacloprid and Environmental Control Measures. Vet Sci 2023; 10:580. [PMID: 37756102 PMCID: PMC10537640 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fleas are ectoparasites affecting many animal species but reports in captive nonhuman primates are rare and mainly concern pet monkeys. Moreover, to the authors' knowledge, a detailed report on marmosets is not known at present. This case describes the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of a flea infestation by Ctenocephalides felis in a captive colony of common marmosets. Fleas, flea feces and skin lesions were identified on two animals during annual health screening. Subsequently, the entire colony was examined, and nearly half of the colony showed signs of infestation. Consequently, treatment was initiated for the entire colony and the environment. Animals received two topical administrations of imidacloprid (5 mg for animals <200 g and 10 mg for animals weighing >200 g) three weeks apart, and their enclosures were decontaminated using vaporizers containing permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and pyriproxyfen. Subsequently, skin lesions were resolved and no evidence of fleas were noticed. No side effects of the treatment were observed. Stray cats were identified as the source of the infestation. Their access to the animal-related rooms was stopped. No reinfestation has been reported for 3 years. The topical application of imidacloprid appeared effective with no adverse events occurring, so may be appropriate for use in other non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Cermolacce
- Station of Primatology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UAR846, Route des Tours, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Romain Lacoste
- Station of Primatology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UAR846, Route des Tours, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Valérie Moulin
- Station of Primatology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UAR846, Route des Tours, 13790 Rousset, France
| | - Amaury Briand
- Department of Dermatology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department (ASD), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Song WY, Ren TG, Zhang L, Fan R, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Dong WG, Huang XB, Jin DC. Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Parasites Hosts Dis 2023; 61:272-281. [PMID: 37648232 PMCID: PMC10471469 DOI: 10.3347/phd.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Chigger mites are the vector of scrub typhus. This study estimates the infestation status and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Chiggers were identified under the microscope, and infestation indices were calculated. The Preston's log-normal model was used to fit the curve of species abundance distribution. A total of 6,557 chiggers were collected in 136 of 342 N. fulvescens rats, showing high overall infestation indices (prevalence=39.8%, mean abundance=19.2, mean intensity=48.2) and high species diversity (S=100, H'=3.0). Leptotrombidium cangjiangense, Neotrombicula japonica, and Ascoschoengastia sifanga were the three dominant chigger species (constituent ratio=42.9%; 2,736/6,384) and exhibited an aggregated distribution among different rat individuals. We identified 100 chigger species, with 3 of them (Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium wenense, and Leptotrombidium deliense) as the main vectors of scrub typhus in China and nine species as potential vectors of this disease. Disease vector occurrence on N. fulvescens may increase the risk of spreading scrub typhus from rats to humans. Chigger infestation on N. fulvescens varied significantly in different environments. The species abundance distribution showed a log-normal distribution pattern. The estimated number of chigger species on N. fulvescens was 126 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Tian-Guang Ren
- Nursing College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Wen-Ge Dong
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000,
China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China, and The Expert Work Station for Dao-Chao Jin in Dali Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
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12
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Barbosa BEP, da Silva YH, Lima GAC, Monte CSLE, Correia TR, Balthazar DDA. Parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with blefaritis on a red-footed tortoise ( Chelonoidis carbonarius) in Rio de Janeiro state - case report. Braz J Vet Med 2023; 45:e001123. [PMID: 37484207 PMCID: PMC10359045 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomma rotundatum is a tick species commonly found on reptiles and amphibians. In Brazil, investigations of this ectoparasite have indicated its distribution across all Brazilian biomes, although it is concentrated in certain locations. In this context, the objective of the present study was to describe a case of parasitism by A. rotundatum in a red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A female red-footed tortoise (C. carbonarius), seized by the environmental police, was parasitized by a tick in the left periocular region. The tick was manually removed, preserved in 70º GL ethanol, and sent for identification at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Based on the morphological evaluation Dantas-Torres et al. (2019), Barros-Battesti et al. (2006) and Lampo et al. (1997), a diagnosis of a female specimen of A. rotundatum was made. In conclusion, this study reports the first case of A. rotundatum parasitizing C. carbonarius in the state of Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the presence of periocular blepharitis associated with this parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ygor Henrique da Silva
- Veterinarian, Resident. Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária - Diagnóstico em Parasitologia Animal. Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Alcides Capucho Lima
- Veterinarian, Resident. Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária - Diagnóstico em Parasitologia Animal. Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Thais Ribeiro Correia
- Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA), IV, UFRRJ. Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Marchiori E, Gustinelli A, Vignali V, Segati S, D'Acunto S, Brandi S, Crespo-Picazo JL, Marcer F. Balaenophilus manatorum in Debilitated and Bycatch-Derived Loggerhead Sea Turtles Caretta caretta from Northwestern Adriatic Sea. Vet Sci 2023; 10:427. [PMID: 37505832 PMCID: PMC10383839 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Balenophilus manatorum (Copepoda: Harpaticoida) is one of the few components of the epibiontic fauna of Caretta caretta that show a "true" parasitic association with their host. From rrosive to ulcerative cutaneous lesions may seldom appear as a consequence of the copepod feeding on keratin on turtles' skin. Debilitating Turtle Syndrome (DTS) is the final outcome of a chronic insufficient assumption of nutrients, generally occurring with the impairment of immune functions and high epibiota burdens. In this survey, the presence of B. manatorum in C. caretta from the Northwestern Adriatic Sea was investigated and the relation between infection indices and the co-occurrence of DTS was studied. Clinical examination was performed at the time of rescue, including routine hematological assessment; external parasites were isolated mechanically from turtles' skin and morphologically identified through observation with an optic microscope and SEM. Ten turtles were classified as affected by DTS, all of them being small juveniles with typical clinical and clinicopathological presentation. A higher prevalence, abundance, and density of infection were found in turtles affected by the syndrome. The presence of massive skin coverage by the burrowing barnacle Pletylepas hexastylos prevented a proper evaluation of the pathology associated with B. manatorum in turtles affected by DTS. In any event, eventual skin damages caused by the parasite may represent a port of entry for secondary infections in such immunocompromised animals. Therefore, infection by B. manatorum should not go overlooked in debilitated turtles and should be opportunely treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Marchiori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, Università di Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Viola Vignali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Sara Segati
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - Simone D'Acunto
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - Silvia Brandi
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - José Luìs Crespo-Picazo
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 1B, 46013 València, Spain
| | - Federica Marcer
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, Università di Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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14
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Szentiványi T, Heintz AC, Markotter W, Wassef J, Christe P, Glaizot O. Vector-borne protozoan and bacterial pathogen occurrence and diversity in ectoparasites of the Egyptian Rousette bat. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:189-194. [PMID: 36625469 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bats are known reservoir hosts for a wide variety of parasites and pathogens, including bacteria and protozoans. Some of these pathogens are vector-borne, and although their role is poorly studied, ectoparasites may contribute significantly to their transmission. The aim of this study was to molecularly detect the presence of vector-borne microorganisms in bat-associated ectoparasites to explore their diversity and distribution in these insects. We tested the presence of Bartonella spp., Polychromophilus spp., and Trypanosoma spp. in bat flies and bat fleas collected from 56 Egyptian Rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), using conventional PCR. We found a high prevalence of 43.9% (47/107) of Bartonella spp. in bat flies, but a low prevalence of 6.6% (4/61) in bat fleas. Polychromophilus and Trypanosoma DNA were absent in both bat flies and bat fleas. Furthermore, we found novel gltA Bartonella sequences, as well as genotypes that are highly similar to recently described and potentially zoonotic ones. Our results show high diversity of Bartonella in bat flies, however, their role in pathogen transmission is still unknown and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Szentiványi
- Museum of Zoology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Caroline Heintz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Department of Medical Virology, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Wassef
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Museum of Zoology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Shigoley MI, Rahmouni I, Louizi H, Pariselle A, Vanhove MPM. First Study on Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Morocco, with Description of a New Species from Luciobarbus pallaryi and Luciobarbus ksibi (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101624. [PMID: 37238053 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, 41 species of Gyrodactylus have been described from Africa. However, none of these have been reported in Morocco. After identifying and examining 738 cyprinid host specimens, 26 specimens belonging to Gyrodactylus were found to parasitize the gills of nine species of Luciobarbus, Carasobarbus, and Pterocapoeta. The current study provides new information about the presence of a new parasitic species in Morocco, the first to be characterized on a species level in the Maghreb region. It describes in detail 12 specimens of Gyrodactylus isolated from the gills of Luciobarbus pallaryi (Pellegrin, 1919) and Luciobarbus ksibi (Boulenger, 1905). Based on morphoanatomical observations, the characterization of the specimens collected indicates a species of Gyrodactylus that is new to science, described here as Gyrodactylus nyingiae n. sp. The new species is different from previously described gyrodactylids infecting African cyprinid hosts because it has a longer hamulus total length, a longer hamulus root, a downward projecting toe of the marginal hook, and a trapezium-shaped ventral bar membrane with a slightly striated median portion and small rounded anterolateral processes. This study increases the total number of Gyrodactylus spp. found in African cyprinids to four.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Isoyi Shigoley
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
- Research Group Zoology, Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Imane Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Halima Louizi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology, Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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16
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Guo Y, Guo XG, Song WY, Lv Y, Yin PW, Jin DC. Comparison of Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae) on Two Sibling Mouse Species, Apodemus draco and A. ilex (Rodentia: Muridae), in Southwest China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091480. [PMID: 37174517 PMCID: PMC10177448 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chigger mites (Acari) are common ectoparasites on rodents, and they are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. South China field mouse (Apodemus draco) and Lantsang field mouse (A. ilex) are two sibling rodent species. Based on field investigations in southwest China (2001-2015), this paper compared the infestation of these two mouse species with chiggers. Of 42 chigger species identified from two mouse species, 36 were found on A. draco, 11 on A. ilex and 5 common species on both mice. Jaccard similarity index (J = 0.12, J < 0.25) showed a very different species composition of chiggers on two mouse species, and some parameters of the chigger community were also different. The overall mean intensity of chiggers on A. draco (MI = 4.26) was higher than that on A. ilex (MI = 3.91, p < 0.05). The dominant chigger species on A. draco were Trombiculindus yunnanus, Leptotrombidium scutellare (a major vector species in China) and L. sinicum with a total constituent ratio Cr = 42.9% (106/247). Leptorombidium sinicum and L. scutellare independently occurred on A. draco with an association coefficient V = 0.09 (V ≈ 0). The dominant chigger species on A. ilex were L. rusticum, L. densipunctatum and L. gongshanense, with a total Cr = 58.14% (25/43). Leptorombidium rusticum and L. densipunctatum on A. ilex had a slight positive association (V = 0.49, 0.5 < V < 1). All dominant chigger species were unevenly distributed among different individuals of two mouse species. Chigger infestation showed sex bias on different sexes of two mouse species. The species abundance of the chigger community on A. draco was revealed as a log-normal distribution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Peng-Wu Yin
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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17
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Kang J, Chae H, Hossain MA. Poultry red mite eradication potential of ivermectin and allicin combination treatment. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1292-1296. [PMID: 37018122 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing treatments against poultry red mite (PRM; Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation have reduced efficacy or exhibit hazardous effects on chickens. Considering the economic importance of chickens, development of a safe and effective method for exterminating PRMs is necessary. Ivermectin and allicin are effective against some ectoparasites; however, their acaricidal efficacies against PRMs remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate individual and combined efficacies of ivermectin and allicin in exterminating PRMs. METHODS Different concentrations (0.10-1.0 mg/mL) of ivermectin (1 mL) were applied via dropping method in different insect culture dishes (ICDs), prior to transferring PRMs. For the spraying method, PRMs were transferred to ICDs, before spraying ivermectin (1 mg/mL) solution (1 mL). Further, the acaricidal effect of allicin on PRMs was evaluated by applying different concentrations (0.25-1.0 mg/mL) of allicin (1 mL). The combined acaricidal effects of ivermectin and allicin were analysed using four concentration combinations. PRM death rates were determined after 2 h, 24 h, 2 days, 5 days and 7 days of drug application. RESULTS Ivermectin application (1 mg/mL) exterminated 64% and 100% of PRMs on 1 and 5 days, respectively, and prevented their revival. Further, 0.5 mg/mL ivermectin and 1 mg/mL allicin individually exterminated 98% and 44% of PRMs, respectively, within 7 days of treatment. In combination, 0.5 mg/mL ivermectin and 0.5 mg/mL allicin exterminated 100% of PRMs within 5 d of treatment. The most effective combination was 0.25 mg/mL ivermectin + 1.00 mg/mL allicin. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of ivermectin-allicin combination in exterminating PRMs was demonstrated. This novel approach could be optimised for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongWoo Kang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunYoung Chae
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Motson K, Hutson KS, Hoey AS. Variation in the parasite communities of three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:757-772. [PMID: 36633508 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are important, diverse, and abundant components of natural ecosystems and can influence the behaviour and health of their hosts, inter- and intraspecific interactions, and ultimately community structure. Coral reefs are one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems, yet our understanding of the abundance, diversity, and composition of parasite communities of coral reef fishes is limited. Here, the authors aimed to compare the abundance, richness and composition of parasite communities among three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes (the barred rabbitfish Siganus doliatus, Ward's damsel Pomacentrus wardi and the obscure damsel Pomacentrus adelus) from an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In total, 3978 parasites (3869 endoparasites and 109 ectoparasites) from 17 families were recovered from 30 individuals of each of the three fish species (mean = 44 ± 22 s.e. parasites per fish; range = 0-1947 parasites per fish). The parasite communities of P. wardi and P. adelus were characterised by pennellid copepods, derogenid and lecithasterid digeneans and were distinct from those of S. doliatus that were characterised by a higher abundance of atractotrematid and gyliauchenid digeneans. The abundance and family richness of all parasites were greatest in S. doliatus (abundance: 22.1 ± 5.0 parasites per fish; richness: 3.2 ± 0.3 families per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (abundance: 4.8 ± 1.1 parasites per fish; richness: 2.3 ± 0.3 families per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (abundance: 1.4 ± 0.4 parasites per fish; richness: 0.9 ± 0.2 families per fish). Similarly, the abundance of endoparasites was greatest in S. doliatus (19.7 ± 5.1 endoparasites per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (2.6 ± 0.7 endoparasites per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (1.2 ± 0.4 endoparasites per fish). Ectoparasite abundances were also lowest for P. adelus (0.2 ± 0.1 ectoparasites per fish), and S. doliatus and P. wardi had comparable abundances of ectoparasites (1.3 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.5 parasites per fish, respectively). Similarities between the parasite assemblages of the two pomacentrids may be related to their similar behaviours and/or diets vs. those of the larger-bodied and more mobile rabbitfish. Investigating the causes and consequences of variation in parasite communities across a broader range of fish species will be critical to understand the potential role of parasites in coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Motson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate S Hutson
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Aquaculture Group - Aquatic Animal Health Programme, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Wolf SE, Zhang S, Clotfelter ED. Experimental ectoparasite removal has a sex-specific effect on nestling telomere length. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9861. [PMID: 36911306 PMCID: PMC9992774 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites are a strong selective force that can influence fitness-related traits. The length of chromosome-capping telomeres can be used to assess the long-term costs of parasitism, as telomere loss accelerates in response to environmental stressors and often precedes poorer survival prospects. Here, we explored the sex-specific effects of ectoparasite removal on morphology and telomere length in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). To do so, we experimentally removed blow fly (Protocalliphora spp.) larvae from nests using Permethrin, a broad-spectrum insecticide. Compared to water-treated controls, insecticide treatment of nests had a sex-biased effect on blood telomere length: ectoparasite removal resulted in significantly longer telomeres in males but not females. While this treatment did not influence nestling body mass, it was associated with reduced feather development regardless of sex. This may reflect a relaxed pressure to fledge quickly in the absence of parasites, or alternatively, could be a negative side effect of permethrin on morphology. Exploring robust sex-specific telomere dynamics in response to early-life environmental pressures such as parasitism will shed light on sexual dimorphism in adult life histories and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wolf
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA.,Department of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania USA
| | - Samuel Zhang
- Department of Biology Amherst College Amherst Massachusetts USA
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20
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Sweet AD, Browne DR, Hernandez AG, Johnson KP, Cameron SL. Draft genome assemblies of the avian louse Brueelia nebulosa and its associates using long-read sequencing from an individual specimen. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:7025741. [PMID: 36735822 PMCID: PMC10085802 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing high molecular weight (HMW) DNA with long-read and linked-read technologies has promoted a major increase in more complete genome sequences for non-model organisms. Sequencing approaches that rely on HMW DNA have been limited to larger organisms or pools of multiple individuals, but recent advances have allowed for sequencing from individuals of small-bodied organisms. Here, we use HMW DNA sequencing with PacBio long-reads and TELL-Seq linked-reads to assemble and annotate the genome from a single individual feather louse (Brueelia nebulosa) from a European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). We assembled a genome with a relatively high scaffold N50 (637 kb) and with BUSCO scores (96.1%) comparable to louse genomes assembled from pooled individuals. We annotated a number of genes (10,938) similar to the human louse (Pediculus humanus) genome. Additionally, calling phased variants revealed that the Brueelia genome is more heterozygous (∼1%) then expected for a highly obligate and dispersal-limited parasite. We also assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genome and primary endosymbiont (Sodalis) genome from the individual louse, which showed evidence for heteroplasmy in the mitogenome and a reduced genome size in the endosymbiont compared to its free-living relative. Our study is a valuable demonstration of the capability to obtain high-quality genomes from individual small, non-model organisms. Applying this approach to other organisms could greatly increase our understanding of the diversity and evolution of individual genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, 2713 Pawnee St., Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA
| | - Daniel R Browne
- Pacific Biosciences, 1305 O'Brien Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Stephen L Cameron
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Mabika N, Barson M, Marco Dos Santos Q, van Dyk C, Avenant-Oldewage A. Additional Taxonomic Information for Lamproglena hemprichii (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy and Genetic Characterization, Alongside Some Aspects of Its Ecology. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:32-43. [PMID: 36744708 DOI: 10.2108/zs220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Additional taxonomic and ecological data for the lernaeid copepod Lamproglena hemprichii Nordmann, 1832 infecting the African tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861, are presented with scanning electron micrographs, molecular characterization, and selected ecological parameters. Eighty fish were collected from Lake Kariba between October 2014 and July 2015. Scanning electron microscopy provided additional data for the morphology, including structures on the antennulae, antennae, and legs. The 18S and 28S rDNA fragments of this species were distinct from those of other Lamproglena taxa but placed this species within this genus. Phylogenetically, L. hemprichii appears closest to L. monodi Capart, 1944, the only other African species for which molecular data is available. The anterior part of the second gill filament was the preferred attachment site. There was a positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r2 = 0.64; P = 0.77) between the length of the parasite and the length of the fish. A positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r2 = 0.61; P = 0.03) between the length of the parasite and the length of the gill filament was also observed. Although the specimens studied here are morphologically highly similar to previous reports of L. hemprichii, some morphological variation was observed, and a revision (morphometric and genetic) of the taxon is suggested. This study provides the first detailed genetic characterization and phylogenetic information for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha Mabika
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Livestock, Wildlife and Fisheries, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe
| | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Botswana
| | | | - Cobus van Dyk
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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de Araújo PA, Maciel-Honda PO, de Oliveira Costa-Fernandes T, Dos Santos GG, Martins ML. Efficacy of chlorine, sodium chloride and trichlorfon baths against monogenean Dawestrema cycloancistrium parasite of pirarucu Arapaima gigas. J Fish Dis 2023; 46:113-126. [PMID: 36334301 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of sodium chloride (SC) and trichlorfon (T) against Dawestrema cycloancistrium and its physiological effects on Arapaima gigas. The efficacy of chlorine (C) as a prophylactic disinfectant was also evaluated. In vitro test with 15 treatments were: SC 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 g/L, T0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg/L, and C500, 1000, 3000, 6000 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate parasite damage. The in vivo test was as follows: control, 4 h short baths, once a day, for four consecutive days (SC12 g/L, T5 mg/L); 24 h long baths, for 2 days in 24 h intervals (SC10 g/L, T5 mg/L). In vitro exposure to SC12 and 14 g/L caused 100% mortality of monogeneans at 45 and 60 min, while at T3.2 and 1.6 mg/L 100% of monogeneans died at 30 and 60 min, respectively. In vitro exposure to C resulted in complete mortality after 2-5 min exposure. The SC and T LD50-96 h were 9.9 g/L and 9.73 mg/L, respectively. All in vivo treatments presented efficacy above or close to 90%, with low survival in the long baths. C, starting at 500 mg/L for 5 min, can be used as a disinfectant. Short baths with SC12 g/L and T5 mg/L are recommended for D. cycloancistrium infestations in Arapaima.
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Michalska K, Mrowińska A, Studnicki M. Ectoparasitism of the Flightless Drosophila melanogaster and D. hydei by the Mite Blattisocius mali (Acari: Blattisociidae). Insects 2023; 14:146. [PMID: 36835715 PMCID: PMC9961106 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Predatory mites dispersing by means of insects are often ectoparasites and may use various tactics to get onto the host, counteract its defenses, and diminish its survival. Blattisocius mali is a promising biological control agent which has been reported as transported by several drosophilid species. Our goal was to determine the type of relationship between this mite and fruit flies. We used flightless females of Drosophila melanogaster and D. hydei, which were commercially raised as live pet food. The predatory females mostly attacked the tarsi of the flies and then preferentially moved to the cervix or close to coxa III, where they eventually drilled their chelicerae and started feeding. Although both fly species used similar defensive tactics, more B. mali females did not attack D. hydei or did so with a delay, and a higher percentage of mites fell off the D. hydei tarsi during the first hour of observation. After 24 h, we noted the increased mortality of flies exposed to the presence of mites. Our study indicates the ectoparasitic relationship of B. mali with drosophilids. However, further research is needed to confirm the transport of this mite on wild D. hydei and D. melanogaster, both in the laboratory and under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mrowińska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Studnicki
- Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Ding F, Lv Y, Yin PW, Song WY, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Fan R, Peng PY, Li B, Chen T, Jin DC. Infestation of Oriental House Rat ( Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2203. [PMID: 36767570 PMCID: PMC9916238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chigger mites are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. Based on field investigations of 91 survey sites in 5 provincial regions of Southwest China, this paper reported variations of chigger infestation on the oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi) along various environmental gradients. A total of 149 chigger species were identified from 2919 R. tanezumi in the 5 provincial regions, and Leptotrombidium deliense (a major vector of scrub typhus in China) was the first dominant chigger species, followed by Ascoschoengastia indica and Walchia ewingi. Rattus tanezumi had a stable overall prevalence (PM = 21.10%), mean abundance (MA = 7.01), and mean intensity (MI = 33.20) of chiggers with the same dominant mites in the whole Southwest China in comparison with a previous report in Yunnan Province, but chigger infestations on R. tanezumi varied along different environmental gradients. Rattus tanezumi in mountainous landscape had a higher infestation load of chiggers with higher species diversity than in flatland landscape. The infestation was higher at lower altitudes and latitudes. A high intensity of vegetation coverage was associated with high infestations. The results reflect the environmental heterogeneity of chiggers on the same host species. Warm climate and high relative humidity are beneficial to chigger infestation on R. tanezumi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Peng-Wu Yin
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Pei-Ying Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Ribeiro WLC, Vilela VLR. Editorial: Alternatives for the control of parasites to promote sustainable livestock. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1097432. [PMID: 36704708 PMCID: PMC9872101 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1097432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,*Correspondence: Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ✉
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Maślanko W, Szwaj E, Gazda M, Bartosik K. Hippobosca equina L. (Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca)-An Old Enemy as an Emerging Threat in the Palearctic Zone. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16978. [PMID: 36554859 PMCID: PMC9779546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods of the Hippoboscoidea superfamily are parasites of animals from various systematic groups. Mass appearances of these insects and their attacks on people are increasingly being recorded. Their parasitism has a negative effect on host well-being, as it causes feelings of agitation and irritation as well as skin itching and damage. It may result in weight loss and development of diseases in the long-term perspective. Parasites can be a potential epidemiological threat for their hosts as well. One of such parasites is a cosmopolitan species of the Hippoboscinae subfamily-Hippobosca equina. Studies have confirmed the presence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis equi, Bartonella spp., and Anaplasma spp. in the organism of these insects. The frequency of anaphylactic reactions caused by H. equina attacks has been increasing. The aim of the present paper was to summarize the up-to-date knowledge of Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 due to its significance in medical and veterinary sciences as a potential vector of pathogens. Given the increasing expansion of ectoparasites, mainly related to climate change, ensuring animal welfare and human health is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Maślanko
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szwaj
- Ignacy Jan Paderewski Primary School Number 43 in Lublin, Śliwińskiego 5 St., 20-861 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Gazda
- Puławy Forest District, Żyrzyńska 8 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bartosik
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Xu SY, Yi TC, Guo JJ, Jin DC. Four New Species of Larval Charletonia and Leptus (Acari: Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), with a Checklist of the Two Genera and Their Hosts from China. Insects 2022; 13:1154. [PMID: 36555064 PMCID: PMC9844248 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Four new species, Charletonia rectangia Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) bomiensis Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) longisolenidionus Xu and Jin sp. nov., and Leptus (Leptus) striatus Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. All four new species are from biodiversity hotspots, L. (L.) bomiensissp. nov. from the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot, while the other three species from the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.-Y.X.); (T.-C.Y.); (J.-J.G.)
- The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.-Y.X.); (T.-C.Y.); (J.-J.G.)
- The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.-Y.X.); (T.-C.Y.); (J.-J.G.)
- The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.-Y.X.); (T.-C.Y.); (J.-J.G.)
- The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, China
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Rajonhson DM, Raksakoon C, Payakkapol A, Dujardin S, Dujardin JP, Potiwat R. Comparison of Two Different Morphological Methods to Study the Pronotum of Cimicidae: Bed Bugs, Bat Bugs, and Swallow Bugs. Insects 2022; 13:insects13121155. [PMID: 36555065 PMCID: PMC9785296 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An infestation of a Cimicidae (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) member, especially the bed bug, can cause economic loss and impact health. A cost-effective and user-friendly method for identifying the infesting species will help with the early detection and control of infestations. A linear morphometric method is often used, but it requires the examination of many characters and a highly preserved specimen. We conducted a comparative morphometric study of the effectiveness of Cimicidae classification using a single organ, the pronotum, through outline-based and linear morphometric methods. Bat (Stricticimex parvus), human (Cimex hemipterus), and bird (Paracimex sp.) ectoparasites were subject of the study. With both methods, the properties of size and shape were compared and used separately to classify the specimens. Classification analyses of the two methods provided similar results, but more informative variables of size and shape were obtained with the outline-based approach. Size, as analyzed with the outline-based method, could detect sexual dimorphism, and produced better reclassification. The shape variables obtained from the linear measurements were strongly influenced by size variation, much more than the ones obtained from coordinates describing the pronotum contours. Our data suggest that the outline-based approach provides better characterization variables, thus we recommend them for a wider use in other Cimicidae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M. Rajonhson
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chadchalerm Raksakoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Anon Payakkapol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sébastien Dujardin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR INTERTRYP IRD-CIRAD, University of Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dujardin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR INTERTRYP IRD-CIRAD, University of Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Rutcharin Potiwat
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (R.P.)
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29
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Moroni B, Coenda F, Garcia-Vozmediano A, Nicoletti A, Pregel P, Mina A, Tomassone L, Rossi L, Scaglione FE. Subcutaneous Ticks in Wild Carnivores: Any Host-Related Differences? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233411. [PMID: 36496932 PMCID: PMC9739201 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks under the skin have been shown in different canid species such as red fox, domestic dog, and raccoon dog. Despite being increasingly reported in Europe in the last decade, the biological mechanisms associated to subcutaneous ticks (SCT), as well as the predisposing factors, are not yet clear. The main goal of this study was to investigate the presence of SCT in wild carnivores in Northwestern Italy. Sixty-three wild carnivores were examined, and SCT were submitted to histological examination or stored in ethanol for morphological and molecular identification. A portion of the cox1 gene and 16S rDNA were amplified, and positive PCR products were sequenced. Fifty-one small brown-coloured nodules of about 2 × 3 mm containing ticks in different decomposition stages were observed in 11 out of 30 foxes. Seven ticks were classified as Ixodes ricinus, while 14 ticks were determined only at the genus level (Ixodes spp.), and in two ticks no morphological key was applicable due to the advanced degradation status. By PCR, the rDNA fragment of six ticks (26.1%, 95% CI: 12.6-46.5%) was amplified, and BLAST analysis revealed a 99-100% nucleotide similarity to I. ricinus. At the histological examination, the inflammatory response varied from a mild to a moderate mixed infiltrate, primarily composed by neutrophils and lymphocytes. The results of this study confirm foxes as the main wild reservoir for SCT. The absence of SCT in other carnivores (badgers and martens) is in accordance with other studies. Ixodes ricinus is the most frequently reported tick species, corroborating the idea that longirostral ticks might be more frequently associated to SC embedment than brevirostral ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moroni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabrizio Coenda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mina
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Frine Eleonora Scaglione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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30
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Alotaibi NJ, Al-Turaiki IM, Alajmi R, Fouzi B, Amjad Bashir M, Almusawi Z, Metwally DM, Alzarzor Alajami MA, Alajmi FE, Nasser MG. Molecular Identification of Newly Recorded Louse Columbicola tschulyschman Eichler (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) From Saudi Arabia With a Note on Genus Columbicola spp. Phylogeny. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1980-1985. [PMID: 36151853 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chewing lice comprise a large group of ectoparasites that colonize and adversely affect several domestic and wild birds including pigeons. In Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of studies describing such ectoparasites and their infestation rates. Through this work, a new record, Columbicola, tschulyschman Eichler (C. tschulyschman Eichler) was collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica, Linnaeus). The collected C. tschulyschman Eichler was morphologically identified based on specific taxonomic keys. Mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) gene fragments were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, the C. tschulyschman Eichler accounted for around 69.40%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tschulyschman Eichler in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To improve the tree topology and differentiate between genera, further studies should utilize the 16s rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura J Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra M Al-Turaiki
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boulkenafet Fouzi
- Department of Natural Sciences and Life University of 20th August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Almusawi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M Metwally
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Fatemah E Alajmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed G Nasser
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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31
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Tandonnet S, Krsticevic F, Basika T, Papathanos PA, Torres TT, Scott MJ. A chromosomal-scale reference genome of the New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax. DNA Res 2022; 30:6825375. [PMID: 36370138 PMCID: PMC9835758 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae), is the most important myiasis-causing species in America. Screwworm myiasis is a zoonosis that can cause severe lesions in livestock, domesticated and wild animals, and occasionally in people. Beyond the sanitary problems associated with this species, these infestations negatively impact economic sectors, such as the cattle industry. Here, we present a chromosome-scale assembly of C. hominivorax's genome, organized in 6 chromosome-length and 515 unplaced scaffolds spanning 534 Mb. There was a clear correspondence between the D. melanogaster linkage groups A-E and the chromosomal-scale scaffolds. Chromosome quotient (CQ) analysis identified a single scaffold from the X chromosome that contains most of the orthologs of genes that are on the D. melanogaster fourth chromosome (linkage group F or dot chromosome). CQ analysis also identified potential X and Y unplaced scaffolds and genes. Y-linkage for selected regions was confirmed by PCR with male and female DNA. Some of the long chromosome-scale scaffolds include Y-linked sequences, suggesting misassembly of these regions. These resources will provide a basis for future studies aiming at understanding the biology and evolution of this devastating obligate parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tandonnet
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Flavia Krsticevic
- Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tatiana Basika
- Present address: Pasteur+INIA Joint Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Philippos A Papathanos
- Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tatiana T Torres
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maxwell J Scott
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 919 515 0275; Fax: +1 919 515 7716.
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Kuang G, Zhang J, Yang W, Pan H, Han X, Yang L, Wang J, Yang T, Song Z, Feng Y, Liang G. Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Diverse Bartonella Species in Bat Ectoparasites Collected from Yunnan Province, China. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36365035 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species has been validated as blood-borne bacteria in mammals and has a substantial opportunity to be harbored by a variety of hematophagous arthropod vectors. Bats, along with their ectoparasites, are recognized worldwide as one of the natural reservoir hosts for these bacteria. However, there have been few investigations of Bartonella bacteria toward a broad range of obligated bat ectoparasites in China. Here, molecular detection of Bartonella species was performed to survey the infection among bat ectoparasites and follow-up phylogenetic analyses to further characterize the evolutionary relationships of the genus. A total of 434 bat ectoparasites involving four types of arthropods, namely, bat mites, bat tick, bat fleas, and bat flies (further divided into traditionally fly-like bat flies and wingless bat flies) were collected in 10 trapping sites in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Bartonella was detected by PCR amplification and sequencing through four gene target fragments (gltA, ftsZ, rpoB, and ITS). Accordingly, diverse Bartonella species were discovered, including both the validated species and the novel genotypes, which were characterized into several geographical regions with high prevalence. Phylogenetic analyses based on gltA and multi-locus concatenated sequences both demonstrated strong phylogeny-trait associations of Bartonella species from bats and their parasitic arthropods, suggesting the occurrence of host switches and emphasizing the potential connecting vector role of these ectoparasites. Nevertheless, the maintenance and transmission of Bartonella in both bat and hemoparasite populations have not been fully understood, as well as the risk of spillage to humans, which warrants in-depth experimental studies focusing on these mammals and their ectoparasites.
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Christ LX, Pozzatto DDS, Sampaio RTB, Manier BSML, de Magalhães YDM, Fernandes JI. Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in a domestic cat - case report. Braz J Vet Med 2022; 44:e003922. [PMID: 36225553 PMCID: PMC9549961 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatobiosis is defined as a parasitosis caused by the larval stage of the human botfly Dermatobia hominis, often observed in large animals but considered unusual in pet animals. The aim of the report is to describe a naturally infested cat treated in a reference dermatology service with clinical presentation similar to neoplasia or abscess. A six-year-old spayed male Brazilian Shorthair cat with outdoor access, from the countryside of Rio de Janeiro state, was treated for two nodules, one located in the sacral region and one in the tail. The patient was restrained, and digital compression of the lesions resulted in expulsion of D. hominis larvae, accompanied by a purulent secretion. The removal of larvae and use of antiseptic at the site resolved the furuncular myiasis. It is possible to assume that the parasitism reported here resulted from the animal's living arrangement, in a rural area with cattle parasitized by D. hominis. We conclude that parasitism by D. hominis should be present on the list of differential diagnoses of cats with nodules and that mechanical removal associated with the use of antiseptics is resolutive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Xavier Christ
- Veterinarian, Resident. Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária - Dermatologia de Animais de Companhia (PRMV), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.,Correspondence Luísa Xavier Christ Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Campus Universitário, Zona Rural CEP 23897-000 - Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Debora de Souza Pozzatto
- Veterinarian, Resident. Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária - Dermatologia de Animais de Companhia (PRMV), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rafaella Tortoriello Barbosa Sampaio
- Veterinarian, MSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária (DMCV), IV, UFRRJ. Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Szentiványi T, Hornok S, Kovács ÁB, Takács N, Gyuranecz M, Markotter W, Christe P, Glaizot O. Polyctenidae (Hemiptera: Cimicoidea) species in the Afrotropical region: Distribution, host specificity, and first insights to their molecular phylogeny. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9357. [PMID: 36203641 PMCID: PMC9526025 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyctenidae bugs are rarely studied, hematophagous, and highly specialized ectoparasites of bats. There are only 32 described species worldwide, including six species in the Afrotropical region. Knowledge on these parasites is limited, and most studies are restricted to the New World polyctenid species. Here we report additional records of Adroctenes horvathi from Kenya and South Africa, as well as Hypoctenes faini from Rwanda. We present an updated list of published polyctenid records in the Afrotropical region indicating their host specificity and their geographical distribution. We report global infection patterns and sex ratio of polyctenids based on previously published data, including Old and New World species. Lastly, we demonstrate the first molecular phylogeny of Polyctenidae, showing their phylogenetic relationship with the closely related family Cimicidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Szentiványi
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Museum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary
| | - Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and ZoologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
- ELKH‐ÁTE Climate Change: New Blood‐Sucking Parasites and Vector‐Borne Pathogens Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | | | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and ZoologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
- ELKH‐ÁTE Climate Change: New Blood‐Sucking Parasites and Vector‐Borne Pathogens Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | | | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical VirologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Museum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
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Marciniak-Musial N, Sikora B. Quill Mites of the Family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) Associated With the New World and African Parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) With the Description of Eight New Species. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1562-1588. [PMID: 35964241 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the quill mite fauna of the family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 (Acariformes: Prostigmata) associated with New World and African parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), and describe eight new species including: Neoaulobia unsoeldi Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Burrowing Parakeet Cyanoliseus patagonus in Argentina; Lawrencipicobia arini Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Black-headed Parrot Pionites melanocephalus in Surinam; L. ararauna Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Black-headed Parrot Ara ararauna in Brazil; L. touiti Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Golden-tailed Parrotlet Touit surdus in Brazil; Rafapicobia valdiviana Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Burrowing Parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus in Brazil; R. pyrrhura Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Green-cheeked Parakeet Pyrrhura molinae in Bolivia; R. xanthopterygius Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius in Brazil; and R. trainidadi Marciniak-Musial & Sikora sp. nov. from the Lilac-tailed Parrotlet Touit batavicus in Trinidad and Tobago. Additionally, we note fifteen new host species and many new locality records for the previously described taxa, and provide the keys for all species associated with psittaciform birds. Finally, we discuss the host-parasite relationships between syringophilid mites and parrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marciniak-Musial
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bozena Sikora
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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López-Pérez AM, López-Fernández O, Backus L, Somerville S, Zarza H, Cassaigne I, de la Torre A, Nuñez-Perez R, Ceballos G, Guzmán-Cornejo C, Ringenbach-Valdez S, Del Rio MA, Sánchez-Montes S, Canek Anguiano D, Foley J. Spatial distribution patterns of tick community structure in sympatric jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) from three ecoregions in Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:371-380. [PMID: 35481550 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined tick communities on wild felid hosts in three ecoregions of Mexico. We collected 186 ticks of 7 species from 10 pumas (Puma concolor) and 9 jaguars (Panthera onca). Tick community composition varied across the ecoregions, and across host species within each region. Overall, Ixodes affinis, Amblyomma ovale, and Amblyomma tenellum were the most abundant species; however, only the latter two ticks were distributed across all three ecoregions, while I. affinis, along with Ixodes spinipalpis, Amblyomma inornatum, and Amblyomma parvum were restricted to more limited geographical regions. Ixodes affinis occurred strictly in southern tropical rainforest ecoregions and was significantly more abundant in Selva Lacandona compared with the Yucatán Peninsula. Amblyomma ovale was significantly more common in the tropical dry forest in the Pacific coastal ecoregion. Amblyomma tenellum abundance tended to be higher on jaguars, while I. affinis abundance was higher on pumas. Regional distribution patterns of some tick species (e.g., I. affinis and I. spinipalpis) may be determined by off-host environmental conditions rather than host factors. In contrast, at the local scale, occurrence and abundance of some tick species (e.g., A. tenellum, A. ovale and Rhipicephalus microplus) might be driven by ecological-host factors, such as habitat use or predator-prey relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M López-Pérez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Fundación para el Manejo y la Conservación de la Vida Silvestre FMCOVIS A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio López-Fernández
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Backus
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott Somerville
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heliot Zarza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | | | - Antonio de la Torre
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Nuñez-Perez
- Conservacion de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Comunitario A.C. y Proyecto Jaguar A.C, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Guzmán-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel A Del Rio
- Balam Proyectos Ecológicos S.A. de C.V., Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dorian Canek Anguiano
- Conservacion de Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Comunitario A.C. y Proyecto Jaguar A.C, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Zamora-Mejías D, Trejo-Salazar RE, Eguiarte LE, Ojeda M, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Morales-Malacara JB, Medellín RA. Traveler Mites: Population Genetic Structure of the Wing Mites Periglischrus paracaligus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae). J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1198-1210. [PMID: 35639803 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wing mites of the genus Periglischrus are ectoparasites exclusively associated with phyllostomid bats. These mites show high host specificity and have been studied to understand the evolutionary history of their bat hosts mainly by using a morphological variation. Through a phylogeographic approach, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the ectoparasite Periglischrus paracaligus Herrin and Tipton which parasitizes Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Martínez and Villa (lesser long-nosed bat) in Mexico. By the implementation of a multilocus approach, we found that P. paracaligus populations were diverse for haplotype diversity, and had values ranging from 0.5 to 1. No genetic structuring in the P. paracaligus parasites was observed along with the distribution of the host, L. yerbabuenae, in Mexico, nor when populations or regions were compared, but our results revealed a process of historical demographic expansion in all the analyzed markers. We discuss possible scenarios that could explain the lack of population structure in the light of the data analyzed for the parasites and the biology of L. yerbabuenae, such as the interplay between parasite and host traits being responsible for the genetic make-up of parasite populations. We also inferred its phylogenetic position among wing mites parasitizing the two other species of Leptonycteris bats. Long-nosed bats' monophyly helps to explain the observed presence of distinctive clades in the wing mite's phylogeny in specific association with each long-nosed bat host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zamora-Mejías
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 04510, Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
- Universidad de Costa Rica, A.P. 2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto-Emiliano Trejo-Salazar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
| | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
| | - Margarita Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan B Morales-Malacara
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Rodrigo A Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 04510, Circuito Exterior s/n Anexo al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
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Moreira M, Soliño L, Marques CL, Laizé V, Pousão-Ferreira P, Costa PR, Soares F. Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070467. [PMID: 35878205 PMCID: PMC9316444 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is the etiological agent of a parasitic disease named amyloodiniosis. Mortalities of diseased fish are usually attributed to anoxia, osmoregulatory impairment, or opportunistic bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic proximity of A. ocellatum to a group of toxin-producing dinoflagellates from Pfiesteria, Parvodinium and Paulsenella genera suggests that it may produce toxin-like compounds, adding a new dimension to the possible cause of mortalities in A. ocellatum outbreaks. To address this question, extracts prepared from different life stages of the parasite were tested in vitro for cytotoxic effects using two cell lines derived from branchial arches (ABSa15) and the caudal fin (CFSa1) of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and for hemolytic effects using erythrocytes purified from the blood of gilthead seabream juveniles. Cytotoxicity and a strong hemolytic effect, similar to those observed for Karlodinium toxins, were observed for the less polar extracts of the parasitic stage (trophont). A similar trend was observed for the less polar extracts of the infective stage (dinospores), although cell viability was only affected in the ABSa15 line. These results suggest that A. ocellatum produces tissue-specific toxic compounds that may have a role in the attachment of the dinospores’ and trophonts’ feeding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Moreira
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Lucía Soliño
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, n° 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Cátia L. Marques
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis Costa
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, n° 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Florbela Soares
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.L.M.); (V.L.); (P.P.-F.); (P.R.C.)
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Brown CR, Hannebaum SL, Eaton-Clark A, Booth W, O'Brien VA. Elevated Temperature Reduces Overwintering Survival of an Avian Ectoparasite, the Swallow Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Cimex vicarius). Environ Entomol 2022; 51:513-520. [PMID: 35348633 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The survival of insects that are dormant in winter may either increase or decrease as a consequence of elevated winter temperatures under climate change. Warming can be deleterious when metabolism of the overwintering life stages increases to the point that energy reserves are exhausted before postoverwintering reemergence. We examined experimentally how overwintering survival of swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Cimex vicarius Horvath), an ectoparasite primarily of cliff swallows (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae: Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot), was affected by a 3°C rise in mean daily temperature for populations in Oklahoma, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Adult and nymphal swallow bugs exposed to elevated temperature had an average reduction of approximately 31% in overwintering survival (from July/August to April/May), relative to controls exposed to current region-specific ambient-like conditions. Adult males in both groups survived less well in Nebraska and North Dakota than adult males in Oklahoma, but there was no consistent latitudinal effect of the elevated heat treatment. Our results indicate that projected increases in mean temperature in the Great Plains by 2050 could result in fewer swallow bugs surviving the winter and thus a reduced population size upon the arrival of their primary host in the spring, potentially affecting cliff swallow reproductive success, site use, and breeding phenology. Global climate change may alter the dynamics of host-parasite systems by reducing overall parasite abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Warren Booth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Valerie A O'Brien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
- School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College-Metro Campus, Tulsa, OK, USA
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40
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Boyd BM, Nguyen NP, Allen JM, Waterhouse RM, Vo KB, Sweet AD, Clayton DH, Bush SE, Shapiro MD, Johnson KP. Long-distance dispersal of pigeons and doves generated new ecological opportunities for host-switching and adaptive radiation by their parasites. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220042. [PMID: 35259992 PMCID: PMC8905168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their close associations with host species. Both experimental and comparative studies suggest that the ectoparasitic wing lice of pigeons and doves have adaptively radiated, leading to differences in body size and overall coloration. Here, we show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching. We further show that among extant parasite lineages host-switching decreased over time, with cospeciation becoming the more dominant mode of parasite speciation. Taken together, our results suggest that host dispersal, followed by host-switching, provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated adaptive radiation by parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Boyd
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nam-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle B Vo
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew D Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah E Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
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Chiu LW, Berger TG, Chang AY. Management of common scabies and postscabetic itch in adults: Lessons learned from a single-center retrospective cohort study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:716-720. [PMID: 35028370 PMCID: PMC8714596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin treats common scabies Patients 55 years or older may be more likely to experience post-scabetic itch Post-scabetic itch may persist for a median of 52.5 days (interquartile range, 28-135)
Background Common scabies can be difficult to diagnose and treat. There are limited data on the clinical characteristics of patients who may benefit from combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin. Postscabetic itch is common, but there is scant data describing its prognosis and management. Objective This study describes the clinical characteristics and evaluates treatment outcomes of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin and describes the prognosis and management of postscabetic itch. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy and topical permethrin only. Participants previously treated with permethrin and/or ivermectin were excluded. The primary outcome was clinical outcome at follow-up, categorized as cure, worsening, or no change. Secondary outcomes included time from treatment initiation to cure, duration of follow-up after cure, recurrence rate, frequency of postscabetic itch, and duration of postscabetic itch. Results Of 55 participants treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin, 49 (89%) achieved cure, 5 (9%) had no change, and 1 (2%) had worsening disease. Of 48 participants treated with topical permethrin only, 46 (96%) achieved cure, 2 (4%) had no change, and 0 (0%) had worsening disease. Thirty-five participants (34%) experienced postscabetic itch for 52.5 days (interquartile range, 28–135). More participants in the older (mean: 55 years; standard deviation: 21 years; p = .002) combined treatment group experienced postscabetic itch than in the younger (mean: 42 years; standard deviation: 19 years) permethrin-only treatment group (42% vs. 25%; p = .072). Conclusion These findings support the use of combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy in treating common scabies, highlight that postscabetic itch can persist for longer than previously reported, and reveal a potential relationship between older age and postscabetic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wen Chiu
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy G Berger
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aileen Y Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
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42
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Marciniak-Musial N, Hromada M, Sikora B. Taxonomic Diversity of the Quill Mites of the Family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) Associated With Old World Parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittaculidae). J Med Entomol 2022; 59:213-232. [PMID: 34543429 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quill mite fauna of the family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 (Acariformes: Prostigmata) associated with parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) are reviewed. Seven new species are described: Pipicobia cyclopsitta Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Double-Eyed Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma in Papua New Guinea; P. fuscata Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Dusky Lory Pseudeos fuscata in Papua New Guinea; P. tahitiana Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Blue Lorikeet Vini peruviana in Tahiti (French Polynesia); P. malherbi Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Malherbe's Parakeet Cyanoramphus malherbi in New Zealand; Lawrencipicobia eclectus Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus in Papua New Guinea; Neoaulobia pseudeos Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Dusky Lory Pseudeos fuscata in Papua New Guinea; and N. Skorackii Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marciniak-Musial
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martin Hromada
- Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Bozena Sikora
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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43
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Foerster N, Soresini G, Paiva F, Silva FAD, Leuchtenberger C, Mourão G. First report of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in free-ranging giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e009522. [PMID: 36417628 PMCID: PMC9901854 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Giant otters are territorial semi-aquatic mammals. It is common to find several individuals exhibiting wounds and scars due to intraspecific conflicts. Myiasis is a parasitic infestation on living tissues of vertebrates caused by dipterous larvae, that usually develops in freshly open wounds and can seriously threaten the host's health. Ectoparasites seem to be rare among giant otters and myiasis had not been recorded in this species until now. Here, is presented one record of myiasis in a free-ranging giant otter found dead in the Pantanal, Brazil. An ulcerative lesion was found in the frontoparietal region, from which 22 larvae were recovered and identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax. The low occurrence of ectoparasites in giant otters might reflect their semi-aquatic habits and their grooming behavior, which makes it difficult for parasites to remain on the skin. The injured otter probably got the larvae after an intraspecific fight. Agonistic encounters between groups of giant otters have been reported before and these fights can result in serious wounds or even death. It was hypothesized that the myiasis caused by C. hominivorax deteriorated the health of the infested giant otter, which prevented recovery and accelerated its death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Foerster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Paiva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Aguiar da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Leuchtenberger
- Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brasil.,Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Mourão
- Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
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Kleindorfer S, Common LK, O'Connor JA, Garcia-Loor J, Katsis AC, Dudaniec RY, Colombelli-Négrel D, Adreani NM. Female in-nest attendance predicts the number of ectoparasites in Darwin's finch species. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211668. [PMID: 34905711 PMCID: PMC8670954 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection should act on parental care and favour parental investment decisions that optimize the number of offspring produced. Such predictions have been robustly tested in predation risk contexts, but less is known about alternative functions of parental care under conditions of parasitism. The avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) is a myasis-causing ectoparasite accidentally introduced to the Galápagos Islands, and one of the major mortality causes in Darwin's finch nests. With an 11-year dataset spanning 21 years, we examine the relationship between parental care behaviours and number of fly larvae and pupae in Darwin's finch nests. We do so across three host species (Camarhynchus parvulus, C. pauper, Geospiza fuliginosa) and one hybrid Camarhynchus group. Nests with longer female brooding duration (minutes per hour spent sitting on hatchlings to provide warmth) had fewer parasites, and this effect depended on male food delivery to chicks. Neither male age nor number of nest provisioning visits were directly associated with number of parasites. While the causal mechanisms remain unknown, we provide the first empirical study showing that female brooding duration is negatively related to the number of ectoparasites in nests. We predict selection for coordinated host male and female behaviour to reduce gaps in nest attendance, especially under conditions of novel and introduced ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kleindorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition and Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lauren K. Common
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | | | - Jefferson Garcia-Loor
- Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition and Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Andrew C. Katsis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | | | - Nico M. Adreani
- Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition and Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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45
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Phytohormones selectively affect plant parasitic nematodes associated with Arabidopsis roots. New Phytol 2021; 232:1272-1285. [PMID: 34115415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones may affect plant-nematode interactions directly as chemo-attractants or -repellents, or indirectly through the root-associated microbiome or through host defense mechanisms. However, the exact roles of phytohormones in these complex plant-soil-nematode interactions are not well understood. We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in phytohormone synthesis or sensitivity to elucidate their role in root-nematode interactions. As root-associated microorganisms may modulate these interactions, we explored correlations between the relative abundances of root-associated nematodes, and bacteria and fungi using amplicon sequencing. We found distinct shifts in relative abundances of a range of nematode taxa in the A. thaliana phytohormone mutants. The root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, a sedentary endoparasitic species that is in intimate contact with the host, was highly enriched in JA-, SA- and SL-impaired lines, and in an ET-insensitive line. Positive or negative correlations between specific microbial and nematode taxa were observed, but, as the inference of causal relationships between microbiome responses and effects on nematode communities is premature, this should be studied in detail in future studies. In conclusion, genetic derailment of hormonal balances generally rendered plants vulnerable to endoparasitic nematode attack. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that this effect may be partially modulated by the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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Neill WA, Kading RC. Investigations on Vector-Borne and Aerosol Transmission Potential of Kaeng Khoi Virus in Cave-Dwelling Wrinkle-Lipped Free-Tailed Bats ( Chaerephon plicatus) in Thailand. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102022. [PMID: 34683345 PMCID: PMC8538812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV; Order: Bunyavirales, Family: Peribunyaviridae, Genus: Orthobunyavirus), is an endemic viral infection of the wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus; also known as Tadarida plicata plicata). Viral isolates from bat bugs (Family: Cimicidae) suggest vector-borne transmission, but in general little is known about the ecology of KKV and seroprevalence in the local human and animal populations. Transmission studies and a serosurvey were carried out in Kaeng Khoi cave, Saraburi province, Thailand, during 1973–1974. Experimental transmission studies were performed with bat bugs captured within the cave to determine the potential for vector-borne transmission, and sentinel laboratory mice placed inside arthropod-proof cages within the cave to assess the potential for aerosolized transmission. Antibodies to KKV were detected in roof rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting the cave, in dogs living in the valley, and in humans. Freshly collected cimicids were positive for KKV, but the virus did not replicate in laboratory-inoculated bugs. Sentinel mice placed in Kaeng Khoi cave in open cages consistently became infected with KKV, as determined by the development of neutralizing antibodies. Mice placed in arthropod-proof cages also developed antibodies, indicating the possibility of airborne transmission of KKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Neill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-491-7833
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Irnidayanti Y, Reforina A, Andriyanto S. Effects of Extract of Betel Leaf (Piperaceae) against Ectoparasite "Ich" on Pangasius Catfish. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:905-912. [PMID: 34486358 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.905.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Freshwater fish aquaculture in Indonesia has grown rapidly, especially the aquaculture of catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>). This species is very good because it is fast-growing and very popular in the market and is important for national food security in many Asian countries. One of the problems faced by freshwater fish aquaculture is ectoparasite <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> infection, which often results in significant economic losses to freshwater fish aquaculture. This study aimed to check the effect extract of betel leaf against the ectoparasite, <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> in pangasius catfish in an eco-friendly manner. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 120 fishes with a mean weight of 4.17±0.96 g and a length of 8.5±0.67 cm were examined. Preliminary research was carried out to detect ectoparasites in fish. All fish was infected with ectoparasitic Ich (100%) and were identified as a salt-like granule white spot and a large C-shaped macronucleus. Infected fishes were transferred and equally distributed to the tank (20 L water) which had previously been treated with betel leaf extract for 24 hrs, 3 days, at doses 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g L<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> and control. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the betel leaf extract solution effect decreased significantly to the number of ectoparasites <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i>, both in mucus and pangasius catfish and a dose of 7.5 g L<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> was the optimum dose. <b>Conclusion:</b> Betel leaf extract has the potential to control the decrease in the number of ectoparasites, though further phytochemical studies will need to be performed.
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48
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McKnight DT, Wirth W, Schwarzkopf L, Nordberg EJ. Leech removal is not the primary driver of basking behavior in a freshwater turtle. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10936-10946. [PMID: 34429892 PMCID: PMC8366836 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaving the water to bask (usually in the sun) is a common behavior for many freshwater turtles, with some species also engaging in "nocturnal basking." Ectoparasite removal is an obvious hypothesis to explain nocturnal basking and has also been proposed as a key driver of diurnal basking. However, the efficacy of basking, day or night, to remove leeches has not been experimentally tested. Therefore, we examined the number of leeches that were removed from Krefft's river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) after experimentally making turtles bask at a range of times of day, durations, and temperatures. Turtles had high initial leech loads, with a mean of 32.1 leeches per turtle. Diurnal basking under a heat lamp for 3 hr at ~28°C significantly reduced numbers of leeches relative to controls. In diurnal trials, 90.9% of turtles lost leeches (mean loss of 7.1 leeches per turtle), whereas basking for 30 min under the same conditions was not effective (no turtles lost leeches, and all turtles were still visibly wet). Similarly, "nocturnal basking" at ~23°C for 3 hr was not effective at removing leeches. Only 18% of turtles lost leeches (one turtle lost one leech and another lost four leeches). Diurnal basking outdoors under direct sunlight for 20 min (mean temp = 34.5°C) resulted in a small reduction in leeches, with 50% of turtles losing leeches and an average loss of 0.7 leeches per turtle. These results indicate basking can remove leeches if temperatures are high or basking durations are long. However, it was only effective at unusually long basking durations in this system. Our data showed even the 20-min period was longer than 70.1% of natural diurnal basking events, many of which took place at cooler temperatures. Therefore, leech removal does not appear to be the purpose of the majority of basking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T. McKnight
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Wytamma Wirth
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Eric J. Nordberg
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
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49
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Bassini-Silva R, Welbourn C, Ochoa R. Two New Species of Chiggers (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) From Brazil. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1725-1732. [PMID: 33876821 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chigger mites are parasites of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans. Here, we describe two new species belonging to the American genera Colicus Brennan and Parasecia Loomis. Both species were described on the base of museum specimens originated from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, Colicus barrosbattestiae n. sp. parasitizing the rodent, Oligoryzomys fornesi and Parasecia jacinaviciusi n. sp. parasitizing the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bassini-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo-FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cal Welbourn
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, National Insect and Mite Collection, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ron Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD,USA
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50
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Tucker NSG, Weeks ENI, Beati L, Kaufman PE. Prevalence and distribution of pathogen infection and permethrin resistance in tropical and temperate populations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected worldwide. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:147-157. [PMID: 32918501 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae), is a peridomestic, cosmopolitan parasite of dogs known to vector numerous pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Recent phylogenetic analyses separate this tick into temperate and tropical lineages. Populations of Rh. sanguineus s.l. have been reported to exhibit sodium channel target site insensitivity to permethrin and etofenprox, which is likely due to the prolonged use of pyrethroids against many pests in and around the home. In this study, populations collected in the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Europe and North America, were tested to identify the distribution of a known resistance mechanism, pathogen-vector interactions and phylogeny in relation to latitude. Using molecular assays, populations from 29 distinct locations were simultaneously geographically typed and screened for bacterial infection by Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Babesia and Hepatozoon species, and for the presence of a sodium channel single nucleotide polymorphism known to confer permethrin resistance. Implications of these results on Rh. sanguineus s.l. management in association with geographical distribution will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S G Tucker
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - E N I Weeks
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - L Beati
- U.S. National Tick Collection, Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, U.S.A
| | - P E Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
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