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Mendes CP, Albert WR, Amir Z, Ancrenaz M, Ash E, Azhar B, Bernard H, Brodie J, Bruce T, Carr E, Clements GR, Davies G, Deere NJ, Dinata Y, Donnelly CA, Duangchantrasiri S, Fredriksson G, Goossens B, Granados A, Hearn A, Hon J, Hughes T, Jansen P, Kawanishi K, Kinnaird M, Koh S, Latinne A, Linkie M, Loi F, Lynam AJ, Meijaard E, Mohd-Azlan J, Moore JH, Nathan SKSS, Ngoprasert D, Novarino W, Nursamsi I, O'Brien T, Ong R, Payne J, Priatna D, Rayan DM, Reynolds G, Rustam R, Selvadurai S, Shia A, Silmi M, Sinovas P, Sribuarod K, Steinmetz R, Struebig MJ, Sukmasuang R, Sunarto S, Tarmizi T, Thapa A, Traeholt C, Wearn OR, Wibisono HB, Wilting A, Wong ST, Wong ST, Word J, Chiok WX, Zainuddin ZZ, Luskin MS. CamTrapAsia: A dataset of tropical forest vertebrate communities from 239 camera trapping studies. Ecology 2024:e4299. [PMID: 38650359 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Information on tropical Asian vertebrates has traditionally been sparse, particularly when it comes to cryptic species inhabiting the dense forests of the region. Vertebrate populations are declining globally due to land-use change and hunting, the latter frequently referred as "defaunation." This is especially true in tropical Asia where there is extensive land-use change and high human densities. Robust monitoring requires that large volumes of vertebrate population data be made available for use by the scientific and applied communities. Camera traps have emerged as an effective, non-invasive, widespread, and common approach to surveying vertebrates in their natural habitats. However, camera-derived datasets remain scattered across a wide array of sources, including published scientific literature, gray literature, and unpublished works, making it challenging for researchers to harness the full potential of cameras for ecology, conservation, and management. In response, we collated and standardized observations from 239 camera trap studies conducted in tropical Asia. There were 278,260 independent records of 371 distinct species, comprising 232 mammals, 132 birds, and seven reptiles. The total trapping effort accumulated in this data paper consisted of 876,606 trap nights, distributed among Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal, and far eastern India. The relatively standardized deployment methods in the region provide a consistent, reliable, and rich count data set relative to other large-scale pressence-only data sets, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or citizen science repositories (e.g., iNaturalist), and is thus most similar to eBird. To facilitate the use of these data, we also provide mammalian species trait information and 13 environmental covariates calculated at three spatial scales around the camera survey centroids (within 10-, 20-, and 30-km buffers). We will update the dataset to include broader coverage of temperate Asia and add newer surveys and covariates as they become available. This dataset unlocks immense opportunities for single-species ecological or conservation studies as well as applied ecology, community ecology, and macroecology investigations. The data are fully available to the public for utilization and research. Please cite this data paper when utilizing the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calebe P Mendes
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Zachary Amir
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Eric Ash
- WildCRU, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Badrul Azhar
- Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jedediah Brodie
- Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Tom Bruce
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliot Carr
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Glyn Davies
- Sabah Landscape Programme, World Wildlife Fund, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas J Deere
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Yoan Dinata
- Indonesia Program, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | | | - Somphot Duangchantrasiri
- Wildlife Research Division, "Department of National Parks, Plant, and Wildlife Conservation", Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Alys Granados
- Felidae Conservation Fund, Mill Valley, California, USA
| | - Andrew Hearn
- WildCRU, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Hon
- Malaysia Program, World Wildlife Fund, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Tom Hughes
- Conservation Medicine, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Jansen
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kae Kawanishi
- Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers (MYCAT), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharon Koh
- Malaysia Program, World Wildlife Fund, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Alice Latinne
- Viet Nam Country Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Linkie
- Indonesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Federica Loi
- Regional Veterinary Epidemiological Observatory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anthony J Lynam
- Thailand Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Dusit Ngoprasert
- Conservation Ecology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thon Buri, Thailand
| | - Wilson Novarino
- Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Ilyas Nursamsi
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Robert Ong
- Borneo Rhino Alliance, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - John Payne
- Borneo Rhino Alliance, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Dolly Priatna
- Graduate School of Environmental Management, Pakuan University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - D Mark Rayan
- Malaysia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, USA
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Conservation Programme, South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Rustam Rustam
- Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Kota Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Sasidhran Selvadurai
- Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Silmi
- Biodiversity Division, United Plantations Berhad-PT Surya Sawit Sejati, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Pablo Sinovas
- Cambodia Programme, Fauna & Flora International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kriangsak Sribuarod
- Klongsang Wildlife Research Station, Department of National Park Wildlife and Plant, Khlong Saeng Wildlife Research Station, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | | | | | - Arjun Thapa
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carl Traeholt
- Research and Conservation Division, Copenhagen Zoo, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver R Wearn
- Vietnam Programme, Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Andreas Wilting
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seth Timothy Wong
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siew Te Wong
- Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | | | - Wen Xuan Chiok
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Matthew Scott Luskin
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Franceschi IC, Dornas RADP, Lermen IS, Coelho AVP, Vilas Boas AH, Chiarello AG, Paglia AP, de Souza AC, Borsekowsky AR, Rocha A, Bager A, de Souza AZ, Lopes AMC, de Moura AS, Ferreira AS, García-Olaechea A, Delciellos AC, Bacellar AEDF, Campelo AKN, Paschoal AMO, Rolim AC, da Silva ALF, Lanna AM, da Silva AP, Guimarães A, Cardoso Â, Cassol AS, da Costa-Pinto AL, do Nascimento AGS, Fernandes AS, Clyvia A, Santos ABD, Lima-Silva B, Beisiegel BDM, Luciano BFL, Leopoldo BDF, Krobel BN, Kubiak BB, Saranholi BH, Correa BS, Sant Anna Teixeira C, Ayroza CR, Cassano CR, Benitez-Riveros C, Gestich CC, Tedesco CD, Gheler-Costa C, Hegel CGZ, Evangelista Junior CDS, Ferreira CEMF, Grelle CEV, Esteves CF, Espinosa CDC, Leuchtenberger C, Sanchéz-Lalinde C, Machado CIC, Andreazzi C, Bueno C, Cronemberger de Faria C, Novaes C, Widmer CE, Santos CC, Ferraz DDS, Galiano D, Bôlla DAS, Behs D, Rodrigues DP, de Melo DP, Ramos DMS, de Mattia DL, Pavei DD, Loretto D, Huning DDS, Dias DDM, Paetzhold ÉR, Rios E, Setz EZF, Cazetta E, Cafofo Silva EG, Pasa E, Saito EN, de Aguiar EFS, Castro ÉP, Viveiros de Castro EB, Pedó E, Pereira FDA, Bolzan F, Roque FDO, Mazim FD, Comin FH, Maffei F, Peters FB, Fantacini FM, da Silva FP, Machado FS, Vélez-Garcia F, Lage FSD, Perini FA, Passos FC, Carvalho F, de Azevedo FCC, Ferreira F, de Pinho FF, Chaves FG, Miranda FR, Rodrigues FHG, Ubaid FK, Gabriel FH, de Souza FL, de Oliveira FV, Cupolillo G, Moreira GDAP, Mette G, Duarte GT, Beca G, Corso G, Perbiche-Neves G, Souto GHBDO, Vilarroel GJDS, Batista GO, Ferreira GB, Toledo GADC, Senger G, Bergallo HDG, Dos Santos HCP, Gazola HA, Melo I, Brack IV, Veríssimo I, Viana IR, Laurentino IC, Diehl JL, Zocche JJ, Martins-Silva J, Just JPG, Cherem JJ, Nascimento JL, Marinho JR, Dantas JO, de Matos JR, Pires JSR, Cerveira JF, Ruiz-Esparza J, da Silva JP, Bogoni JA, Molina KT, Pereira KDDL, Ceron K, de Vleeschouwer K, Lautenschlager L, Bailey L, Fornitano L, Rampim LE, Sforza L, Bissa LG, Santucci LM, da Silva LG, Perillo LN, Correa LR, Hufnagel L, Alberti LF, Recalde Mello LJ, Bernardo LRR, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Guimarães LN, Benchimol M, Twardowschy MC, Ferreira-Riveros M, da Silva M, Jardim MMDA, Fontes MAL, Tortato MA, do Nascimento MT, Sekiama ML, Nascimento-Costa MC, Dos Santos MEB, Morini MSDC, Nagy-Reis MB, Kaizer MDC, Sant'Anna MJRDS, Hartmann MT, Favarini MO, Olivo MO, Montes MA, Alvaréz MRDV, Haddad MF, Costa MD, Graipel ME, Konzen MQ, Galetti M, Almeida MDOS, Faria MB, Luiz MR, Baptista MNDM, Marini MÂ, Ribeiro MC, Olifiers N, de Albuquerque NM, Cantero N, Peroni N, Zanella N, Mendonça-Furtado O, Pays O, Ferretti OE, Rocha-Barbosa O, Santos PM, de Farias PM, da Rocha PA, Colas-Rosas PF, Ribeiro-Souza P, Ferracioli P, Hartmann PA, Antas PDTZ, Ribeiro P, Tomasi Sarti P, Mônico PI, de Castilho PV, Pereira PBDM, Crawshaw PG, Renaud PC, Romagna RS, de Sousa RTM, Spagnol RS, Beltrão-Mendes R, Mariano RF, Rocha RR, Sousa-Lima R, Pagotto RV, de Faria RT, Arrais RC, Moratelli R, Sartorello R, Bianchi RDC, Guimarães RDC, Massara RL, Costa RT, Marques RV, Nunes RMR, Hartz SM, Silvestre de Sousa SM, Lima SR, Barbosa SL, Godoy SN, Ferrari SF, de Araújo-Piovezan TG, Góes TL, Trigo TC, de Freitas TRO, Maccarini TB, de Castro TM, Bella TR, de Oliveira Junior TM, Cunha UM, Kanaan VT, Pfannerstill V, Pimentel VS, Picinatto Filho V, Alves VN, Rojas-Bonzi V, Mottin V, Rocha VJ, Kindel A, Coelho IP. Camera trap surveys of Atlantic Forest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004-2020). Ecology 2024:e4298. [PMID: 38610092 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land-cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large-sized species. Here we present a data set from camera trap surveys of medium to large-sized native mammals (>1 kg) across the Atlantic Forest. We compiled data from 5380 ground-level camera trap deployments in 3046 locations, from 2004 to 2020, resulting in 43,068 records of 58 species. These data add to existing data sets of mammals in the Atlantic Forest by including dates of camera operation needed for analyses dealing with imperfect detection. We also included, when available, information on important predictors of detection, namely the camera brand and model, use of bait, and obstruction of camera viewshed that can be measured from example pictures at each camera location. Besides its application in studies on the patterns and mechanisms behind occupancy, relative abundance, richness, and detection, the data set presented here can be used to study species' daily activity patterns, activity levels, and spatiotemporal interactions between species. Moreover, data can be used combined with other data sources in the multiple and expanding uses of integrated population modeling. An R script is available to view summaries of the data set. We expect that this data set will be used to advance the knowledge of mammal assemblages and to inform evidence-based solutions for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. The data are not copyright restricted; please cite this paper when using the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingridi Camboim Franceschi
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rubem Augusto da Paixão Dornas
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Modelo Ambiental Consultoria e Projetos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabel Salgueiro Lermen
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur Vicente Pfeifer Coelho
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos (GPMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alex Bager
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aloysio Souza de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Aluane Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Alvaro García-Olaechea
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación Biodiversidad Sostenible, Piura, Peru
| | - Ana Cláudia Delciellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Kellen Nogueira Campelo
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Paschoal
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Ferreira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Andre Monnerat Lanna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Caminho da Mata Atlântica (CMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ângela Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Ludmilla da Costa-Pinto
- Museu de História Natural da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (MHN/UFAL), Maceió, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação dos Trópicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Soares Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aryanne Clyvia
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz de Mello Beisiegel
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Fernandes Lima Luciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Busnello Kubiak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Saranholi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruno Senna Correa
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET), Nepomuceno, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Rezende Ayroza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Camila Righetto Cassano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Camilo Benitez-Riveros
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Carla Cristina Gestich
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Tedesco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Carla Gheler-Costa
- Instituto Pró-Terra, São Paulo, Brazil
- Câmara dos Deputados, Escritório Político Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlito da Silva Evangelista Junior
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Viveiros Grelle
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline da Costa Espinosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Catalina Sanchéz-Lalinde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Onca Fundación Para el Estudio de la Diversidad, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cecilia Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Bueno
- Núcleo de Estudos de Vertebrados Silvestres (NEVS), Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Cronemberger de Faria
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Novaes
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Cavalcante Santos
- Coexistence and Decision Research Group, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel da Silva Ferraz
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus realeza, Realeza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniele Pereira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Diogo Loretto
- Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Douglas da Silva Huning
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Matos Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Éder Ricardo Paetzhold
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes Litorâneos e Insulares, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Campus Paranaguá, Paranaguá, Brazil
- Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento da Universidade Estadual do Paraná (FUNESPAR), Paranaguá, Brazil
| | - Elaine Rios
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eleonore Zulnara Freire Setz
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Mamíferos (LAMA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuelle Pasa
- Cruzeiro do Sul Consultoria Ambiental Ltda, Ivoti, Brazil
| | - Erica Naomi Saito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Erick Francisco Silva de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érika Paula Castro
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias e Inovações Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Bastos Viveiros de Castro
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ezequiel Pedó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabiane de Aguiar Pereira
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade em Unidades de Conservação, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (ENBT/JBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Bolzan
- Laboratório de Ecologia, INBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Fundação Neotrópica do Brasil, Bonito, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Roque
- Laboratório de Ecologia, INBio, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Henrique Comin
- Instituto Pró-Terra, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ecologia Aplicada: Ensino, Pesquisa e Serviços Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Maffei
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Moreli Fantacini
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Instituto Ambiental Brüderthal, Brusque, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pessoa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Estadual de Ferreiras, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santana Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Estadual de Ferreiras, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
- Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Estadual Professora Celina de Rezende Vilela, Cordislândia, Brazil
- Prefeitura Municipal de São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Escola Municipal Bento Gonçalves Filho, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vélez-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Onca Fundación Para el Estudio de la Diversidad, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Araújo Perini
- Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Camargo Passos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira de Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Biotrópicos, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Regina Miranda
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil (IPCTB), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kulaif Ubaid
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Brazil
| | - Francisco Homem Gabriel
- Museu de Zoologia da Zona da Mata Mineira, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Franco Leandro de Souza
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fred Victor de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cupolillo
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Araújo Pires Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Teixeira Duarte
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Beca
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gilberto Corso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Graziele O Batista
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Braga Ferreira
- Instituto Biotrópicos, Diamantina, Brazil
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gustavo Senger
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha (IFFAR), Panambi, Brazil
| | - Helena de Godoy Bergallo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabel Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Ismael Verrastro Brack
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Vida Silvestre (GEVS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iuri Veríssimo
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Izabela Costa Laurentino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo José Zocche
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Jimi Martins-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge José Cherem
- Instituto Tabuleiro, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Nascimento
- Centro de Referência em Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Reppold Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Brazil
| | - José Oliveira Dantas
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Josi Fernanda Cerveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Áreas Naturais Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juan Ruiz-Esparza
- Núcleo de Educação em Ciências Agrárias e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus do Sertão, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano André Bogoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karina Theodoro Molina
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil (IPCTB), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Karla Dayane de Lima Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goianol, Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Lautenschlager
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami (UM), Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Larissa Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Larissa Fornitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Sforza
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Neves Perillo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Bocaina Biologia da Conservação, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ribeiro Correa
- Laboratório de Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Hufnagel
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiza Neves Guimarães
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Manuela Catharina Twardowschy
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ferreira-Riveros
- Guyra Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay (IIBP), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marcelo da Silva
- Caitaia Consultoria Ambiental, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria de Assis Jardim
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Conservação da Diversidade Biológica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura and Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Marcos Adriano Tortato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Instituto Tabuleiro, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariane da Cruz Kaizer
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Tombos, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Martin Roberto Del Valle Alvaréz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Matheus Feldstein Haddad
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Master's Programme on Ecosystem Services, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Serviços Técnicos em Geologia Ltda (Seteg), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Eduardo Graipel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Caipora Cooperativa para Conservação da Natureza, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Quoos Konzen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Michel Barros Faria
- Museu de Zoologia da Zona da Mata Mineira, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalie Olifiers
- Núcleo de Estudos de Vertebrados Silvestres (NEVS), Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Noeli Zanella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Olivier Pays
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | - Orlando Ednei Ferretti
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Oscar Rocha-Barbosa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Marques Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Menegaz de Farias
- Nisus Inovação e Tecnologias Agroambeintais, Tubarão, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Amael Beethoven Villar Ferrin, Laboratório de Entomologia, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Patrício Adriano da Rocha
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Ribeiro-Souza
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Ferracioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
- Program of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre of African Ecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paulo Tomasi Sarti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Garopaba Licenciamento Ambiental, Garopaba, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Volkmer de Castilho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Biologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Laguna, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Gransden Crawshaw
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBIO), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pierre-Cyril Renaud
- Littoral Environnement Télédétection Géomatique-Angers (LETG-Angers), UFR Sciences, Université de Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Rafael Turíbio Moraes de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Soares Spagnol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Erechim, Brazil
| | - Raone Beltrão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ravi Fernandes Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renata Reinoso Rocha
- Projeto Queixada, Programa WCS-Brasil, Wildlife Conservation Society, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renata Sousa-Lima
- Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata Valls Pagotto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhayssa Terra de Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Mamíferos (LAMA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sartorello
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Análise da Paisagem, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Bianchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Lima Massara
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Romulo Theodoro Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos (LEMa), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane Vera Marques
- Unidade de Assessoramento Ambiental, Gabinete de Assessoramento Técnico, Procuradoria Geral de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruan Márcio Ruas Nunes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Hartz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Meneses Silvestre de Sousa
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Neri Godoy
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), NGI Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Francis Ferrari
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Laura Góes
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Campos Trigo
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Conservação da Diversidade Biológica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura and Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thales R O de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Ribas Bella
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Uslaine Maciel Cunha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Carangola, Carangola, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Tavares Kanaan
- Instituto Espaço Silvestre (IES), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Vida Silvestre (GEVS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Pfannerstill
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Siqueira Pimentel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Picinatto Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Viviana Rojas-Bonzi
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Asunción, Paraguay
- Asociación Paraguaya de Mastozoología, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Viviane Mottin
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e de Vertebrados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Vlamir José Rocha
- Laboratório de Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Kindel
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor Pfeifer Coelho
- Núcleo de Ecologia de Estradas e Ferrovias (NERF), Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Motoyama H, Hishitani S. The Neural Basis of a Cognitive Function That Suppresses the Generation of Mental Imagery: Evidence from a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:18. [PMID: 38651439 PMCID: PMC11036289 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study elucidated the brain regions associated with the perception-driven suppression of mental imagery generation by comparing brain activation in a picture observation condition with that in a positive imagery generation condition. The assumption was that mental imagery generation would be suppressed in the former condition but not in the latter. The results show significant activation of the left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCgG) in the former condition compared to in the latter condition. This finding is generally consistent with a previous study showing that the left PCgG suppresses mental imagery generation. Furthermore, correlational analyses showed a significant correlation between the activation of the left PCgG and participants' subjective richness ratings, which are a measure of the clarity of a presented picture. Increased activity in the PCgG makes it more difficult to generate mental imagery. As visual perceptual processing and visual imagery generation are in competition, the suppression of mental imagery generation leads to enhanced visual perceptual processing. In other words, the greater the suppression of mental imagery, the clearer the presented pictures are perceived. The significant correlation found is consistent with this idea. The current results and previous studies suggest that the left PCgG plays a role in suppressing the generation of mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Motoyama
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ibaraki University, Mito 3108512, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hishitani
- Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan;
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Carroll KA, Pidgeon AM, Elsen PR, Farwell LS, Gudex-Cross D, Zuckerberg B, Radeloff VC. Mapping multiscale breeding bird species distributions across the United States and evaluating their conservation applications. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2934. [PMID: 38071693 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Species distribution models are vital to management decisions that require understanding habitat use patterns, particularly for species of conservation concern. However, the production of distribution maps for individual species is often hampered by data scarcity, and existing species maps are rarely spatially validated due to limited occurrence data. Furthermore, community-level maps based on stacked species distribution models lack important community assemblage information (e.g., competitive exclusion) relevant to conservation. Thus, multispecies, guild, or community models are often used in conservation practice instead. To address these limitations, we aimed to generate fine-scale, spatially continuous, nationwide maps for species represented in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) between 1992 and 2019. We developed ensemble models for each species at three spatial resolutions-0.5, 2.5, and 5 km-across the conterminous United States. We also compared species richness patterns from stacked single-species models with those of 19 functional guilds developed using the same data to assess the similarity between predictions. We successfully modeled 192 bird species at 5-km resolution, 160 species at 2.5-km resolution, and 80 species at 0.5-km resolution. However, the species we could model represent only 28%-56% of species found in the conterminous US BBSs across resolutions owing to data limitations. We found that stacked maps and guild maps generally had high correlations across resolutions (median = 84%), but spatial agreement varied regionally by resolution and was most pronounced between the East and West at the 5-km resolution. The spatial differences between our stacked maps and guild maps illustrate the importance of spatial validation in conservation planning. Overall, our species maps are useful for single-species conservation and can support fine-scale decision-making across the United States and support community-level conservation when used in tandem with guild maps. However, there remain data scarcity issues for many species of conservation concern when using the BBS for single-species models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Carroll
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna M Pidgeon
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul R Elsen
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - David Gudex-Cross
- RedCastle Resources, Inc. Forest Service Contractor, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Volker C Radeloff
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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González Soriano E, Noguera F, Pérez-Hernández CX. Diversity of an Odonata assemblage from a tropical dry forest in San Buenaventura, Jalisco, Mexico (Insecta, Odonata). Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e116135. [PMID: 38434749 PMCID: PMC10907955 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The patterns of richness, diversity, and abundance of an odonate assemblage from San Buenaventura, Jalisco are presented here. A total of 1087 specimens from seven families, 35 genera and 66 species were obtained through monthly samplings of five days each during a period of one year. Libellulidae was the most diverse family (28 species), followed by Coenagrionidae (21), Gomphidae (7), Aeshnidae (6), Calopterygidae (2), Lestidae (1) and Platystictidae (1). Argia was the most speciose genus. The highest species richness and Shannon diversity were found during August and September, whereas the highest abundance was observed in June and the highest Simpson diversity was recorded in September - all of which were associated with the rainy season. The highest values of phylogenetic diversity were found from June to October. The different diversity facets of this assemblage were positively correlated with precipitation and minimum temperature, whereas maximum temperature showed no influence. In addition, we found that this odonate diversity was higher than most Mexican localities with tropical dry forest (TDF) studied. New information We continue our efforts to describe the patterns of richness, diversity and abundance of some insect groups associated with the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Mexico, following a latitudinal gradient of the distribution of this ecosystem in the country. Our emphasis here was to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of richness and diversity of an Odonata assemblage from Jalisco, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González Soriano
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Felipe Noguera
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio, Jalisco, MexicoEstación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSan Patricio, JaliscoMexico
| | - Cisteil X Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, MexicoLaboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMexico
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Chen B, Grinfeld M. Decomposing diversity into measures of evenness, similarity, and richness. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10952. [PMID: 38357588 PMCID: PMC10864690 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that diversity has many measurable aspects, such as richness, evenness, and similarity among species. However, given a diversity index, it is unclear whether it necessarily can be decomposed into components that reflect these different aspects. Here, we present a scheme to decompose the Leinster and Cobbold diversity index, which subsumes and generalizes many other indices, into the components of richness, evenness and taxonomic similarity. Our approach addresses the problem that in general a vector of equal relative abundances does not maximize diversity. Furthermore, our approach uses all available information to give unbiased estimates of both evenness and similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhang Chen
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Michael Grinfeld
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
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Velarde-Garcéz DA, Mata VA, Beja P, da Silva LP. DNA metabarcoding, diversity partitioning and null models reveal mechanisms of seasonal trophic specialization in a Mediterranean warbler. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17245. [PMID: 38124452 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) predicts that a population's trophic niche expansion should occur in periods of food scarcity as individuals begin to opportunistically exploit sub-optimal food items. However, the Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) posits that niche widening may result from increased among-individual differentiation due to food partitioning to avoid competition. We tested these hypotheses through a DNA metabarcoding study of the Sardinian Warbler (Curruca melanocephala) diet over a year. We used null models and the decomposition of beta diversity on among-individual dietary differentiation to infer the mechanisms driving the population's niche variation. Warblers fed frequently on berries, with a peak in late summer and, to a lesser extent, in autumn. Their diet also included a wide range of arthropods, with their prevalence varying among seasons. Consistent with OFT, the population's niche width was narrower in spring/summer when the population was strongly specialized in berries. In winter, the population's niche expanded, possibly reflecting seasonal declines in food abundance. As predicted by NVH, among-individual differentiation tended to be higher in winter, but this was mainly due to increased differences in dietary richness rather than to the partitioning of resources. Overall, our results suggest that within-individual niche does not increase in lean periods, and instead, individuals adopt either a more opportunistic or more specialized foraging strategy. Increased competition in periods of scarcity may help explain such patterns, but instead of showing increased food partitioning as expected from NVH, it may reflect OFT mechanisms on individuals with differential competitive ability to access better food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Velarde-Garcéz
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis P da Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
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8
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Fua JL, Nurlila RU, Tanaba SR, Amalia HAM, Rosmini. Exploring Collembola Diversity in the Green Open Spaces of Baruga Forest, Kendari City, Indonesia. Pak J Biol Sci 2024; 27:100-107. [PMID: 38516751 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.100.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The rapid development of Kendari City as the capital of Southeast Sulawesi Province has led to changes in land use patterns, particularly an increase in built-up areas, which threaten environmental stability. Rapid population growth contributes to rising carbon dioxide emissions, impacting air quality. Green spaces like Baruga Forest are ideal for environmental balance and bioservation. This study aims to identify the diversity of Collembola species in Baruga Forest, Kendari and understand the environmental factors influencing their presence. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Collembola was collected in the Baruga Forest using a Berlese funnel, then identified and classified based on the family by counting the number of individuals in each taxonomic group. The diversity of Collembola was measured using the Shannon-Wiener index, while the evenness of individual distribution in each family was assessed using an evenness index. Additionally, environmental parameters such as air temperature, air humidity and soil pH were measured. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> The research results indicate that there are 75 individuals of Collembola belonging to the class Entognatha. The dominant order observed is Entomobryomorpha, consisting of three families: Oncopoduridae with 60 individuals, Isotomidae with 7 individuals and Orchesellidae with 5 individuals. Additionally, there is the order Symphypleona, represented by a single family, Bourletiellidae, with one individual. The biodiversity index (H') yielded a moderate value of 0.622, where the most significant contribution comes from the genus Isotomidae. Meanwhile, the evenness index (E) indicates a uniform distribution among the various genera of Collembola. <b>Conclusion:</b> Observed variations in temperature, humidity and soil pH changes underscore the need for ongoing management and conservation of Baruga Forest to maintain the diversity of Collembola species and the sustainability of the ecosystem in Baruga Forest.
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Rowe HI, Johnson B, Broatch J, Cruz TMP, Prudic KL. Winter Rains Support Butterfly Diversity, but Summer Monsoon Rainfall Drives Post-Monsoon Butterfly Abundance in the Arid Southwest of the US. Insects 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 38276819 PMCID: PMC10816195 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Butterfly populations are declining worldwide, reflecting our current global biodiversity crisis. Because butterflies are a popular and accurate indicator of insect populations, these declines reflect an even more widespread threat to insects and the food webs upon which they rely. As small ectotherms, insects have a narrow range of habitable conditions; hence, extreme fluctuations and shifts caused by climate change may increase insects' risk of extinction. We evaluated trends of butterfly richness and abundance and their relationship with relevant climate variables in Arizona, U.S.A., using the past 40 years of community science data. We focused on precipitation and temperature as they are known to be influential for insect survival, particularly in arid areas like southwestern U.S.A. We found that preceding winter precipitation is a driver of both spring and summer/fall butterfly richness and spring butterfly abundance. In contrast, summer/fall butterfly abundance was driven by summer monsoon precipitations. The statistically significant declines over the 40-year period were summer/fall butterfly abundance and spring butterfly richness. When controlling for the other variables in the model, there was an average annual 1.81% decline in summer/fall season butterfly abundance and an average annual decline of 2.13 species in the spring season. As climate change continues to negatively impact winter precipitation patterns in this arid region, we anticipate the loss of butterfly species in this region and must consider individual butterfly species trends and additional management and conservation needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ivy Rowe
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Parsons Field Institute, McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA
| | - Bradly Johnson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA (J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Broatch
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA (J.B.)
| | - Terese Maxine Papag Cruz
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.P.C.); (K.L.P.)
| | - Kathleen L. Prudic
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.P.C.); (K.L.P.)
- Arizona Institute for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Setta SP, Lerch S, Jenkins BD, Dyhrman ST, Rynearson TA. Oligotrophic waters of the Northwest Atlantic support taxonomically diverse diatom communities that are distinct from coastal waters. J Phycol 2023; 59:1202-1216. [PMID: 37737069 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are important components of the marine food web and one of the most species-rich groups of phytoplankton. The diversity and composition of diatoms in eutrophic nearshore habitats have been well documented due to the outsized influence of diatoms on coastal ecosystem functioning. In contrast, patterns of both diatom diversity and community composition in offshore oligotrophic regions where diatom biomass is low have been poorly resolved. To compare the diatom diversity and community composition in oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, diatom communities were sampled along a 1,250 km transect from the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea to the coastal waters of the northeast US shelf. Diatom community composition was determined by amplifying and sequencing the 18S rDNA V4 region. Of the 301 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified along the transect, the majority (70%) were sampled exclusively from oligotrophic waters of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea and included the genera Bacteriastrum, Haslea, Hemiaulus, Pseudo-nitzschia, and Nitzschia. Diatom ASV richness did not vary along the transect, indicating that the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream are occupied by a diverse diatom community. Although ASV richness was similar between oligotrophic and coastal waters, diatom community composition in these regions differed significantly and was correlated with temperature and phosphate, two environmental variables known to influence diatom metabolism and geographic distribution. In sum, oligotrophic waters of the western North Atlantic harbor diverse diatom assemblages that are distinct from coastal regions, and these open ocean diatoms warrant additional study, as they may play critical roles in oligotrophic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P Setta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sarah Lerch
- College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bethany D Jenkins
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
- College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sonya T Dyhrman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana A Rynearson
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Bertuol-Garcia D, Ladouceur E, Brudvig LA, Laughlin DC, Munson SM, Curran MF, Davies KW, Svejcar LN, Shackelford N. Testing the hierarchy of predictability in grassland restoration across a gradient of environmental severity. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2922. [PMID: 37776043 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration is critical for recovering degraded ecosystems but is challenged by variable success and low predictability. Understanding which outcomes are more predictable and less variable following restoration can improve restoration effectiveness. Recent theory asserts that the predictability of outcomes would follow an order from most to least predictable from coarse to fine community properties (physical structure > taxonomic diversity > functional composition > taxonomic composition) and that predictability would increase with more severe environmental conditions constraining species establishment. We tested this "hierarchy of predictability" hypothesis by synthesizing outcomes along an aridity gradient with 11 grassland restoration projects across the United States. We used 1829 vegetation monitoring plots from 227 restoration treatments, spread across 52 sites. We fit generalized linear mixed-effects models to predict six indicators of restoration outcomes as a function of restoration characteristics (i.e., seed mixes, disturbance, management actions, time since restoration) and used variance explained by models and model residuals as proxies for restoration predictability. We did not find consistent support for our hypotheses. Physical structure was among the most predictable outcomes when the response variable was relative abundance of grasses, but unpredictable for total canopy cover. Similarly, one dimension of taxonomic composition related to species identities was unpredictable, but another dimension of taxonomic composition indicating whether exotic or native species dominated the community was highly predictable. Taxonomic diversity (i.e., species richness) and functional composition (i.e., mean trait values) were intermittently predictable. Predictability also did not increase consistently with aridity. The dimension of taxonomic composition related to the identity of species in restored communities was more predictable (i.e., smaller residuals) in more arid sites, but functional composition was less predictable (i.e., larger residuals), and other outcomes showed no significant trend. Restoration outcomes were most predictable when they related to variation in dominant species, while those responding to rare species were harder to predict, indicating a potential role of scale in restoration predictability. Overall, our results highlight additional factors that might influence restoration predictability and add support to the importance of continuous monitoring and active management beyond one-time seed addition for successful grassland restoration in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bertuol-Garcia
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Leipzig-Halle-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Seth M Munson
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kirk W Davies
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Nancy Shackelford
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Greenleaf J, Holásková I, Rowen E, Gutensohn M, Turcotte R, Park YL. Arthropods Associated with Invasive Frangula alnus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae): Implications for Invasive Plant and Insect Management. Insects 2023; 14:913. [PMID: 38132587 PMCID: PMC10871088 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The invasive shrub glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) has been progressively colonizing the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada for more than a century. To determine the dominant arthropod orders and species associated with F. alnus, field surveys were conducted for two years across 16 plots within the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, USA. Statistical analyses were employed to assess the impact of seasonal variation on insect order richness and diversity. The comprehensive arthropod collection yielded 2845 insects and arachnids, with hemipterans comprising the majority (39.8%), followed by dipterans (22.3%) and arachnids (15.5%). Notably, 16.2% of the hemipterans collected were in the immature stages, indicating F. alnus as a host for development. The two dominant insect species of F. alnus were Psylla carpinicola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae); D. suzukii utilized F. alnus fruits for reproduction. Species richness and diversity exhibited significant variations depending on the phenology of F. alnus. The profiles of volatile compounds emitted from the leaves and flowers of F. alnus were analyzed to identify factors that potentially contribute to the attraction of herbivores and pollinators. The results of our study will advance the development of novel F. alnus management strategies leveraging the insects associated with this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Greenleaf
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.G.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Ida Holásková
- Office of Statistics and Data Analytics, West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Rowen
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.G.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.G.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Richard Turcotte
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.G.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (R.T.)
- State, Private and Tribal Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yong-Lak Park
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.G.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (R.T.)
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Wang R, Zheng W, Xu M, Yang H. The declines of heterogeneity and stability in diatom communities are associated with human activity. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10695. [PMID: 37920772 PMCID: PMC10618631 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic forcing caused the biodiversity loss and stability decline of communities. There is still controversy over whether the decline in biodiversity will lead to a decrease in community stability. The stability of biological communities is related to both biodiversity and structure, and this paper aims to reveal the human impacts on diatom communities' biodiversity and structure. We studied the richness, β-diversity and network distance of diatom communities in Qinghai-Xizang, Yunnan-Sichuan and Lower Yangtze River Basin, China through empirical dataset and simulation method. The results showed that the diatoms richness in the Qinghai-Xizang and the Yunnan-Sichuan region was lower and the network distance was higher than that of the Lower Yangtze River Basin. β-diversity in the Lower Yangtze River Basin was the lowest and the diatom network distance responds negatively to human population densities in China. The simulation showed that the network distance kept constant during random species loss, and declined while specialist species were lost or replaced by generalist species. The results suggested diatom communities' homogeneity and stability decline were associated with human activities. Human impacts may cause biodiversity loss targeted to specialist species or no biodiversity loss while generalist species replace those specialist species. This study showed that how diversity changes determined ecological stability depends on the type of species changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- The Fuxianhu Station of Plateau Deep Lake Research, CASYuxiChina
- The Fuxianhu Station of Plateau Deep Lake Field Scientific Observation and ResearchYuxiChina
| | - Wenxiu Zheng
- College of Urban and Environmental SciencesHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology & PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsAnhui University of TechnologyMa'anshanChina
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Bernardos M, Cornejo NS, Torres Hassan AD, Cabrera R, Arévalo JR. Road Impact on Plant Colonization in the Arid Timanfaya National Park. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3568. [PMID: 37896031 PMCID: PMC10610428 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Roads have the potential to alter local environmental conditions, such as the availability of water and nutrients, and rapidly create suitable habitats for the establishment of both native and non-native plant species, transforming the ecosystems. This is a challenge in Timanfaya National Park and Los Volcanes Natural Park on Lanzarote Island, protected areas that have experienced primary succession after recent volcanic eruptions. In arid ecosystems, changes in abiotic conditions along roadsides might facilitate colonization and plant growth. We analyzed the effect of roads and road type on plant species composition and richness at a spatiotemporal scale. Vascular plant species were systematically recorded at three distances from the road edge on both sides, across fourteen zones in the wet and dry seasons, for three years. Results showed that there were slight differences on species composition depending on the distance to the road edge, as well as on the zones. Species richness was also determined by the interaction of the position, zones, and season, being higher at the road edge. Furthermore, zones with higher traffic intensity showed a higher presence of both native and non-native species. This study highlights the importance of the awareness about the road impacts on species composition by enhancing the colonization capacity of species while facilitating the entry of invasive ones. Good management practices regarding infrastructures in natural protected areas are crucial for the conservation of their unique flora, landscapes, and natural succession processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bernardos
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Natalia Sierra Cornejo
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.C.); (R.C.)
| | | | - Raimundo Cabrera
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - José Ramón Arévalo
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.C.); (R.C.)
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15
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Stoy S, McMillan A, Ericsson AC, Brooks AE. The effect of physical and psychological stress on the oral microbiome. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166168. [PMID: 37476093 PMCID: PMC10354664 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oral microbiome is incredibly complex, containing a diverse complement of microbiota that has previously been categorized into 6 broad phyla. While techniques such as next-generation sequencing have contributed to a better understanding of the composition of the oral microbiome, the role it plays in human health and disease is still under investigation. Previous studies have identified that a more diverse microbiome is advantageous for health. Therefore, alterations to the physical or mental health that are of interest in this study, such as stress, are the factors that decrease microbial diversity, leading to the potential for dysbiosis and disease disposition. Intensive Surgical Skills Week (ISSW) is a hyper-realistic simulation training week for military medical students that takes place at the Strategic Operations (STOPS) facility in San Diego, CA. This training week puts students through mass causality simulations and requires them to work through distinct roles within the healthcare team, providing an almost ideal environment to assess the impact of acute stress on oral microbiome diversity. Based on the literature on stress and microbiota, we hypothesized that the high stress simulation events at ISSW will impact the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome. Methods To investigate this hypothesis, thirty-seven (n = 37) second-or third-year medical students who are enlisted in a branch of the military and who attended ISSW in July of 2021 were included in the study. Student participants were divided into 7 teams to complete the hyper-realistic simulations (SIMs) at ISSW. A pilot of sixty-four buccal samples (n = 64) from three of the seven teams were sent for analysis at the University of Missouri Metagenomic Center. Results We saw an overall increase in species richness at the end of ISSW when looking at all samples (n = 64). Fourteen significantly different bacteria were identified from the beginning to the end of data collection. Additionally, third year medical students appear to have a greater species richness compared to second year medical students. Further, third year medical students had a statically significant difference in their oral microbiome richness from beginning to end of data collection (p = 0.008). Conclusion Our preliminary data indicates that physical and psychological stress can impact the composition of the oral microbiome. The analyses in this study show that using the oral microbiome as an indicator of stress is promising and may provide evidence to support stress management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna Stoy
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Amanda E. Brooks
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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16
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Yu JL, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhu YT, Zhang WH, Luo SQ, Liu SL. Bacterial community structure of water, sediment and microplastics in Poyang Lake wetland. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1968-1974. [PMID: 37694481 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of pollutant, microplastics accumulate continuously in the environment. The environmental problems caused by microplastics have attracted wide attention. In this study, we collected water, sediment and four types of microplastics (film, foam, fiber and fragment) from wetland in East Lake area of Poyang Lake. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial diversity and community structure of water, sediment, and microplastics surface. The results showed that the bacterial richness and diversity of water and sediment were significantly higher than that on microplastics, and the bacterial richness of foaming microplastics was significantly lower than that of the other three types of microplastics. There were significant differences of bacterial communities between water, sediment, and microplastics. There were significant differences cross different types of microplastics. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the main bacterial communities of water, sediment, and microplastics. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in water was higher than that in sediments and microplastics, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in foaming microplastics was higher than that in other three types. At the genus level, the dominant ones included Massilia, Flavobacteria, and Pseudomonas. The relative abundance of Massilia and Pseudomonas in water and sediments was lower than that on microplastics, and the relative abundance of Flavobacteria was not different among water, sediment and microplastics. The relative abundance of Massilia in microplastics followed an order of fragment>fiber>film>foam, and that of Pseudomonas was film>fiber>foam>fragment. The results of metabolic pathway prediction analysis showed that except for foaming microplastics, the bacterial metabolic pathways on the surface of the other three types of microplastics were significantly different from those in water and sediment. The cellular processes, organismal systems, environmental information processing, and human diseases in bacterial metabolic pathways on microplastics surface were significantly higher than those in water and sediment. Our results suggested that microbial community structure on the surface of microplastics was significantly different from that in water and sediment, and that the morphology type of microplastics affected microbial community structure on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Yu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
- Jiangxi Water Resources Institute, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ying-Ting Zhu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Si-Qi Luo
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shu-Li Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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17
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Wu YX, Liu JT, Ding C, Zhang BC, Liang XS, Ning Y, Yin JX, Lv XT. Effects of nitrogen inputs and mowing on the abundance and species richness of herbivorous insects in a meadow steppe. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1975-1980. [PMID: 37694482 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the effects of nitrogen (N) inputs and mowing on the abundance and richness of insect community in meadow steppe, we investigated the abundance and diversity of herbivorous insects under four treatments in Inner Mongolia meadow steppe in August 2022, including control, N addition, mowing, and combined N addition and mowing. At a long-term control experimental platform, we collected insects using the vacuum sampling method. The results showed that N addition significantly increased the abundance of herbivorous insects, and mowing significantly decreased the abundance of herbivorous insects. Nitrogen addition significantly increased insect abundance in unmown condition but not in the mown condition. The responses of insect abundance at the community level to N addition were mainly driven by the dominant groups, Cicadellidae and Lygaeidae, which was affected by the abundance of Gramineae species. In contrast, their responses to mowing were the opposite. Both N addition and mowing did not affect the diversity of herbivorous insects. Our results indicated that the responses of herbivorous insect abundance to N inputs and mowing were directly regulated by food resources. With increasing food resource availability, the abundance but not the diversity of herbivorous insects increased, with stronger responses of dominant groups than subordinate ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing-Tong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing-Chuan Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Sa Liang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiang-Xia Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lv
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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18
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Heinisch MR, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Andrade PS, Urbinatti PR, Almeida RMMS, Lima-Camara TN. FAUNA AND VIROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MOSQUITOES IN URBAN PARKS IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2023:493439. [PMID: 37270913 DOI: 10.2987/22-7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito fauna in urban parks in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, was investigated and compared for richness and diversity, and the abundance of each species was associated with climatic variables. Simultaneously, a virological investigation was performed to test the presence of Flavivirus and Alphavirus. Aspirations of adult mosquitoes were conducted in 3 urban parks for 3 consecutive weeks of each season between October 2018 and January 2020. A total of 2,388 mosquitoes were identified, with Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. nigripalpus, and Aedes aegypti being the most abundant species. Mosquito assemblages showed similar richness and diversity, showing variability in individual results. Temperatures and Ae. aegypti abundance correlated significantly in one of the parks investigated herein. Urban parks represent areas of shelter and refuge for both anthropophilic and opportunistic species, such as Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, as well as species that still need moderately preserved environments to develop.
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19
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Guo R, Wu XD, Wang ZJ, Jiang Q, Yu HQ, He J, Liu WJ, Ma K. Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to altered precipitation in a desert steppe. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1500-1508. [PMID: 37694411 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the response mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal communities to the changes of preci-pitation in a desert steppe of Ningxia, we conducted a three-year precipitation control experiment following completely randomized design. There were five treatments, natural precipitation (T0), 50% less in precipitation (T1), 25% less in precipitation (T2), 25% more in precipitation (T3) and 50% more in precipitation (T4). By using Illumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the effects of increased and decreased precipitation on soil bacterial and fungal communities, and examined the correlations between soil physicochemical properties, plant communities and soil bacterial and fungal communities. The result showed that the richness of soil bacteria and fungi was highest in the T4 treatment. In addition, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, the predominant phyla of soil bacteria was more sensitive to precipitation change. However, the relative abundance of only Ascomycota, a rare fungal taxon, responded to precipitation changes. Results of redundancy analysis showed that the first two axes accounted for 92.8% and 87.4% of the total variance for soil bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively. Precipitation and soil pH were the most important environmental factors driving changes in soil bacterial diversity and community composition. On the one hand, precipitation had a direct positive effect on bacterial diversity and community composition. On the other hand, precipitation changed pH by affecting soil moisture, which in turn had a significant indirect effect on bacterial diversity and community composition. Plant community biomass, plant species richness, and soil pH were the most influential environmental factors affecting fungal diversity and community composition. Precipitation had no direct effect on soil fungal community, but had a significant indirect effect by changing plant community richness and soil pH. The response mechanisms of bacterial and fungal communities in soil differed significantly under different precipitation regimes in the desert grasslands of Ningxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wu
- Institute of Forest and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Wang
- Institute of Forest and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Institute of Forest and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hong-Qian Yu
- Institute of Forest and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jing He
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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20
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Ibáñez I, Petri L, Barnett DT, Beaury EM, Blumenthal DM, Corbin JD, Diez J, Dukes JS, Early R, Pearse IS, Sorte CJB, Vilà M, Bradley B. Combining local, landscape, and regional geographies to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2821. [PMID: 36806368 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species science has focused heavily on the invasive agent. However, management to protect native species also requires a proactive approach focused on resident communities and the features affecting their vulnerability to invasion impacts. Vulnerability is likely the result of factors acting across spatial scales, from local to regional, and it is the combined effects of these factors that will determine the magnitude of vulnerability. Here, we introduce an analytical framework that quantifies the scale-dependent impact of biological invasions on native richness from the shape of the native species-area relationship (SAR). We leveraged newly available, biogeographically extensive vegetation data from the U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact as a function of factors acting across scales. We analyzed more than 1000 SARs widely distributed across the USA along environmental gradients and under different levels of non-native plant cover. Decreases in native richness were consistently associated with non-native species cover, but native richness was compromised only at relatively high levels of non-native cover. After accounting for variation in baseline ecosystem diversity, net primary productivity, and human modification, ecoregions that were colder and wetter were most vulnerable to losses of native plant species at the local level, while warmer and wetter areas were most susceptible at the landscape level. We also document how the combined effects of cross-scale factors result in a heterogeneous spatial pattern of vulnerability. This pattern could not be predicted by analyses at any single scale, underscoring the importance of accounting for factors acting across scales. Simultaneously assessing differences in vulnerability between distinct plant communities at local, landscape, and regional scales provided outputs that can be used to inform policy and management aimed at reducing vulnerability to the impact of plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laís Petri
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David T Barnett
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Evelyn M Beaury
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Corbin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bethany Bradley
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Motson K, Hutson KS, Hoey AS. Variation in the parasite communities of three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:757-772. [PMID: 36633508 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are important, diverse, and abundant components of natural ecosystems and can influence the behaviour and health of their hosts, inter- and intraspecific interactions, and ultimately community structure. Coral reefs are one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems, yet our understanding of the abundance, diversity, and composition of parasite communities of coral reef fishes is limited. Here, the authors aimed to compare the abundance, richness and composition of parasite communities among three co-occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes (the barred rabbitfish Siganus doliatus, Ward's damsel Pomacentrus wardi and the obscure damsel Pomacentrus adelus) from an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In total, 3978 parasites (3869 endoparasites and 109 ectoparasites) from 17 families were recovered from 30 individuals of each of the three fish species (mean = 44 ± 22 s.e. parasites per fish; range = 0-1947 parasites per fish). The parasite communities of P. wardi and P. adelus were characterised by pennellid copepods, derogenid and lecithasterid digeneans and were distinct from those of S. doliatus that were characterised by a higher abundance of atractotrematid and gyliauchenid digeneans. The abundance and family richness of all parasites were greatest in S. doliatus (abundance: 22.1 ± 5.0 parasites per fish; richness: 3.2 ± 0.3 families per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (abundance: 4.8 ± 1.1 parasites per fish; richness: 2.3 ± 0.3 families per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (abundance: 1.4 ± 0.4 parasites per fish; richness: 0.9 ± 0.2 families per fish). Similarly, the abundance of endoparasites was greatest in S. doliatus (19.7 ± 5.1 endoparasites per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (2.6 ± 0.7 endoparasites per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (1.2 ± 0.4 endoparasites per fish). Ectoparasite abundances were also lowest for P. adelus (0.2 ± 0.1 ectoparasites per fish), and S. doliatus and P. wardi had comparable abundances of ectoparasites (1.3 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.5 parasites per fish, respectively). Similarities between the parasite assemblages of the two pomacentrids may be related to their similar behaviours and/or diets vs. those of the larger-bodied and more mobile rabbitfish. Investigating the causes and consequences of variation in parasite communities across a broader range of fish species will be critical to understand the potential role of parasites in coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Motson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate S Hutson
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Aquaculture Group - Aquatic Animal Health Programme, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Gigliotti FN, Franzem TP, Ferguson PFB. Rapid, recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13996. [PMID: 36047702 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat-occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco N Gigliotti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas P Franzem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Paige F B Ferguson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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23
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Ruiz L, Carrión-Paladines V, Vega M, López F, Benítez Á. Biological Crust Diversity Related to Elevation and Soil Properties at Local Scale in a Montane Scrub of Ecuador. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030386. [PMID: 36983554 PMCID: PMC10058557 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The montane shrublands of southern Ecuador represent one of the least studied ecosystems, which in the last decade have been seriously threatened by increasing wildfires, deforestation, overgrazing, and conversion to forest plantations. Our main objective was to determine, at the local scale, the diversity of species composing the biological soil crust (BSC) at three elevations (2100, 2300, and 2500 m.a.s.l.) and their possible relationships with soil physical and chemical properties in montane shrublands. For this purpose, three monitoring plots of 100 m2 were established at each elevation, and within each plot, 20 subplots were established (180 subplots sampled in total). In addition, composite soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 10 cm, and some physical and biochemical parameters (e.g., bulk density, texture, pH, organic matter, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium) of the soil were analyzed. The results show 35 species (23 lichens, 10 bryophytes and 2 cyanobacteria) at three elevations with a bell-shaped or hump-shaped distribution pattern. This allowed us to point out that the species richness was higher at the intermediate elevations and that the composition showed significant differences in the three elevations related to soil factors. Elevation and soil drivers may help to better chose the more suitable biological soil crust (lichen-dominated and bryophyte-dominated BSC) for the management and conservation of the montane scrub of Ecuador, which is strongly threatened by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslye Ruiz
- Carrera de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Vinicio Carrión-Paladines
- Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP, Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Marlon Vega
- Carrera de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Fausto López
- Carrera de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Ángel Benítez
- Carrera de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP, Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
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Jamil FN, Hashim AM, Yusof MT, Saidi NB. Association of soil fungal community composition with incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia. Mycologia 2023; 115:178-186. [PMID: 36893072 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2180975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.), an important food crop in many parts of the world, is threatened by a deadly wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4). Increasing evidence indicates that plant actively recruits beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere to suppress soil-borne pathogens. Hence, studies on the composition and diversity of the root-associated microbial communities are important for banana health. Research on beneficial microbial communities has focused on bacteria, although fungi can also influence soil-borne disease. Here, high-throughput sequencing targeting the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was employed to systematically characterize the difference in the soil fungal community associated with Fusarium wilt (FW) of banana. The community structure of fungi in the healthy and TR4-infected rhizospheres was significantly different compared with that of bulk soil within the same farm. The rhizosphere soils of infected plants exhibited higher richness and diversity compared with healthy plants, with significant abundance of Fusarium genus at 14%. In the healthy rhizosphere soil, Penicillium spp. were more abundant at 7% and positively correlated with magnesium. This study produced a detailed description of fungal community structure in healthy and TR4-infected banana soils in Malaysia and identified candidate biomarker taxa that may be associated with FW disease promotion and suppression. The findings also expand the global inventory of fungal communities associated with the components of asymptomatic and symptomatic banana plants infected by TR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nadiah Jamil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Heng R, Pu L, Liu X. The effects of genre on the lexical richness of argumentative and expository writing by Chinese EFL learners. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1082228. [PMID: 36704688 PMCID: PMC9872011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1082228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lexical richness, a crucial aspect of L2 writing research, has been shown to make a difference in L2 writing performance. Nonetheless, the majority of empirical studies have focused either on a single text type or on the comparison between narrative and non-narrative writing (mostly argumentative writing) in academic contexts, whereas there has been a dearth of research regarding the lexical features pertaining to varied non-narrative writing genres. Considering the cognitive demands intrinsic in different writing task types, this study examined the development of lexical richness, which includes lexical density, lexical variation, and lexical sophistication, in Chinese EFL students' argumentative and expository compositions over the course of one academic year. Fifty-four participants were asked to write eight compositions (in two alternating genres)-four argumentative and four expository-which were parsed using two computational tools. The results indicated a significant increase in all three subconstructs of lexical richness in argumentative compositions over the year, while in expository compositions, only lexical density and lexical sophistication demonstrated an increasing trend. As time went on, the participants in both genres tended to use more high-frequency words with more senses, more academic words, more high-frequency bigrams, and words that are less familiar and more precise. Moreover, the argumentative compositions displayed higher lexical density than the expository ones, while the expository compositions manifested greater lexical variation and lexical sophistication than the argumentative ones. The findings of the study suggest some implications for L2 writing teaching and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Heng
- School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Pu
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Liping Pu, ✉
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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26
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Curran MF, Sorenson JR, Craft ZA, Crow TM, Robinson TJ, Stahl PD. Ecological Restoration Practices within a Semi-arid Natural Gas Field Improve Insect Abundance and Diversity during Early and Late Growing Season. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010134. [PMID: 36611743 PMCID: PMC9817726 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are critical components of terrestrial ecosystems and are often considered ecosystem engineers. Due to the vast amount of ecosystem services they provide, because statistically valid samples can be captured in short durations, and because they respond rapidly to environmental change, insects have been used as indicators of restoration success and ecosystem functionality. In Wyoming (USA), ecological restoration required on thousands of acres of land surface have been disturbed to extract natural gas. In this study, we compared early seral reclamation sites to reference areas at two points within a growing season. We compared insect abundance and family richness on 6 natural gas well pads with early season perennial forbs and 6 well pads with the late season to insect communities on adjacent reference areas. A total of 237 individual insects were found on early season reclaimed sites compared to 84 on reference sites, while 858 insects were found on late season reclaimed sites compared to 38 on reference sites. Insect abundance was significantly higher on reclaimed well pads compared to reference areas at both points in the growing season, while reclaimed sites had significantly higher Shannon Diversity Index in early season and significantly higher family richness in late season compared to their paired reference sites. We also found interesting differences in abundance at family levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Curran
- Wyoming Reclamation and Restoration Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Ecosystem Science & Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Zoe A. Craft
- Wyoming Reclamation and Restoration Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Taylor M. Crow
- Department of Plant Science, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Timothy J. Robinson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Peter D. Stahl
- Wyoming Reclamation and Restoration Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Ecosystem Science & Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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da Silva BQ, Afonso MMDS, Freire LJM, de Santana ALF, Pereira-Colavite A, Rangel EF. Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Insects 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 36555066 PMCID: PMC9784549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. The main objective was to evaluate the sand fly fauna among forest fragments and built areas, and its relationship with environmental conditions. HP light traps were placed in the studied areas from March 2019 to July 2021. A total of 2141 specimens of phlebotomines were captured, comprising nine genera and ten species. Temperature and humidity were significant and positive only in built areas. The diversity composition among forest fragments and built areas was different and the AVL vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, was the most prevalent species in built areas. The study showed that the built areas present differences in their richness and diversity of sand flies in relation to forest fragments, concluding that the conservation of forest areas, even if urban fragments, favors the diversity of phlebotomine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Queiroz da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas José Macêdo Freire
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58052-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Mao B, Cui T, Su T, Xu Q, Lu F, Su H, Zhang J, Xiao S. Mixed-litter effects of fresh leaf semi-decomposed litter and fine root on soil enzyme activity and microbial community in an evergreen broadleaf karst forest in southwest China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1065807. [PMID: 36570900 PMCID: PMC9780490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition is the main process that affects nutrient cycling and carbon budgets in mixed forests. However, knowledge of the response of the soil microbial processes to the mixed-litter decomposition of fresh leaf, semi-decomposed leaf and fine root is limited. Thus, a laboratory microcosm experiment was performed to explore the mixed-litter effects of fresh leaf, semi-decomposed leaf and fine root on the soil enzyme activity and microbial community in an evergreen broadleaf karst forest in Southwest China. Fresh leaf litter, semi-decomposed litter and fine root in the Parakmeria nitida and Dayaoshania cotinifolia forests, which are unique protective species and dominant species in the evergreen broadleaf forest, were decomposed alone and in all possible combinations, respectively. Our results showed that the mass loss of fresh leaf litter in three mixed-litter treatment was significantly higher than that in two mixed-litter treatment in the P. nitida and D. cotinifolia forests. Mass loss of fine root in the single litter treatment was significantly lower in the P. nitida forest and higher in the D. cotinifolia forest compared to that in the other litter treatments. There were insignificant differences in the activities of β-glucosidase (BG) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) between control and mixed-litter treatment in the P. nitida forest and between control and single litter treatment in the D. cotinifolia forest. The N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was significantly increased by the single litter decomposition of fresh leaf and fine root and three mixed-litter decomposition in the P. nitida and D. cotinifolia forests. The activity of acid phospomonoesterase (AP) in the decomposition of fresh leaf litter was lower in the P. nitida forest and higher in the D. cotinifolia forest compared to that in control. The most dominant soil bacteria were Proteobacteria in the P. nitida forest and were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the D. cotinifolia forest. Shannon, Chao1, ACE and PD indexes in the mixed-litter decomposition of fresh leaf and semi-decomposition litter were higher than that in control in P. nitida forest. There were insignificant differences in observed species and indexes of Chao1, ACE and PD between litter treatments in the D. cotinifolia forest. Richness of mixed-litter significantly affected mass loss, soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity in the P. nitida forest. Litter N concentration and the presence of fresh leaf litter were significantly correlated with the mass loss and soil enzyme activity in the P. nitida and D. cotinifolia forests. These results indicated that the presence of fresh leaf litter showed a non-negligible influence on mixed-litter decomposition and soil enzyme activity, which might be partly explained by litter initial quality in the P. nitida and D. cotinifolia forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongqing Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiangsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Laibin Jinxiu Dayaoshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Laibin, China
| | - Hongxin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
- Laibin Jinxiu Dayaoshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Laibin, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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29
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Brian JI, Aldridge DC. Mussel parasite richness and risk of extinction. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13979. [PMID: 35929586 PMCID: PMC10087751 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Parasite conservation is important for the maintenance of ecosystem diversity and function. Conserving parasites relies first on understanding parasite biodiversity and second on estimating the extinction risk to that biodiversity. Although steps have been taken independently in both these areas, previous studies have overwhelmingly focused on helminths in vertebrate hosts over broad scales, providing low resolution and excluding a large proportion of possible host and parasite diversity. We estimated both total obligate parasite richness and parasite extinction risk in freshwater mussels (Unionidae and Margaritiferidae) from Europe and the United States to provide a case study for considering parasite conservation in a severely understudied system. We used currently reported host-parasite relationships to extrapolate parasite diversity to all possible mussel hosts and then used the threat levels of those hosts to estimate the extinction risk for both described and undescribed parasites. An estimated 67% of parasite richness in freshwater mussels is undescribed and over 80% of the most host-specific groups (digenean trematodes and ciliates) are undescribed. We estimated that 21% of this total parasite fauna is at immediate risk of extinction, corresponding to 60 unique species, many of which will likely go extinct before being described. Given the important roles parasites play in community structure and function and the strong ecosystem engineering capacities of freshwater mussels, such extinctions are likely to severely affect freshwater ecosystems. Our detailed study of mussel parasites provides compelling evidence for the hidden conservation threat to parasites through extinction cascades and shows parasites are deserving of immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Brian
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David C Aldridge
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- BioRISC, St Catharine's College, Cambridge, UK
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30
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de Miranda RM, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Silva JDS, Xavier ADS, Freitas Silva SO, Alencar J, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Mosquito Fauna and Spatial Distribution in an Atlantic Forest Area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, Reveal a High Risk of Transmission of Yellow Fever and Other Arboviruses. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120410. [PMID: 36548665 PMCID: PMC9786010 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017-2019, Brazil recorded its most severe outbreak of yellow fever due to the spread of the virus (YFV) in the country's southeast. Here, we investigated mosquito fauna and the spatial distribution of species in a primatology center in the Atlantic Forest bioregion in Rio de Janeiro state to evaluate the risk of YFV transmission in distinct environments. Fortnightly mosquito collections were performed from December 2018 to December 2019 at 12 sites along a disturbance gradient from a modified environment to 400 m inside the forest. We used ovitraps, BG-Sentinel, and protected human attraction (PHA). A total of 9349 mosquitoes of 21 species were collected. The collection method strongly influenced the captured fauna, with species such as Anopheles cruzii, Psorophora ferox, Runchomyia cerqueirai, Wyeomyia incaudata, Wy. theobaldi, Sabethes chloropterus, and Sa. albiprivus only collected via PHA. Collections with ovitraps resulted in low diversity and richness, with Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys/capricornii predominating. The diverse local fauna and the abundance and ubiquity of the latter species, which are the primary vectors of YFV, indicated that this area was highly vulnerable to arbovirus transmission, especially yellow fever, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and vaccination coverage in human and captive endangered non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoário, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoário, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Silva Xavier
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoário, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (R.L.-d.-O.)
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoário, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (R.L.-d.-O.)
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Liu X, Yang G, Que Q, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Huang L. How Do Landscape Heterogeneity, Community Structure, and Topographical Factors Contribute to the Plant Diversity of Urban Remnant Vegetation at Different Scales? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14302. [PMID: 36361180 PMCID: PMC9658405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In highly fragmented urban areas, plant diversity of remnant vegetation may depend not only on community structure and topographical factors, but also on landscape heterogeneity. Different buffer radius settings can affect the relative importance of these factors to plant diversity. The aim of this study was to examine the relative importance of landscape heterogeneity, community structure, and topographical factors on plant diversity under different buffer radii in biodiversity hotspots. We established 48 plots of remnant vegetation in Guangzhou city, one of the biodiversity hotspots. A buffer radius of 500 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m was established around the center of each sample plot, and 17 landscape heterogeneity indices in each buffer were calculated by FRAGSTATS 4.2 software. Combined with the community structure and topographical factors, the impact factors of plant diversity under different buffer radii were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. We found the following: (1) The combined explanatory power of the three factors accounted for 43% of the species diversity indices and 62% of the richness index at its peak. The three impact factors rarely act independently and usually create comprehensive cumulative effects. (2) Scale does matter in urban landscape studies. At a 500 m buffer radius, community structure combined with road disturbance indices was strongly related to diversity indices in herb and shrub layers. The stand age was negatively correlated with the tree-layer richness index. As the scale increased, the diversity indices and richness index in the three layers decreased or increased under the influence of comprehensive factors. (3) The richness index in the herb layer was more responsive to impact factors than other biodiversity indices. Except for the herb layer, the interpretation of landscape heterogeneity for each plant diversity index was more stable than that for the other two factors. Road disturbance indices, combined with the other six landscape pattern metrics, can well indicate species diversity and richness. We suggest that the vegetation area of remnant patches within a radius of 500-2000 m should be appropriately increased to protect plant diversity, and the negative effects of road disturbance should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Innovation Center of Engineering Technology for Monitoring and Restoration of Ecological Fragile Areas in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guimei Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Modern Agriculture and Environment, Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang 262500, China
| | - Zengke Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liujing Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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32
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Prudic KL, Cruz TMP, Winzer JIB, Oliver JC, Melkonoff NA, Verbais H, Hogan A. Botanical Gardens Are Local Hotspots for Urban Butterflies in Arid Environments. Insects 2022; 13:865. [PMID: 36292813 PMCID: PMC9604306 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas are proliferating quickly around the globe often with detrimental impacts on biodiversity. Insects, especially pollinators, have also seen record declines in recent decades, sometimes associated with land use change such as urbanization, but also associated with climate changes such as increased aridity. How these various factors play out in attracting and sustaining species richness in a complex urban matrix is poorly understood. Urban botanical gardens may serve as important refugia for insect pollinators in arid regions due to reliable water availability for both plants and insects. Here, we use community science data on butterfly observations to evaluate if botanical gardens can be hotspots of biodiversity in the arid urban landscapes of the southwest US. We found butterfly richness and diversity were proportionally overrepresented in botanical gardens compared with the urban landscape they were embedded in. We conclude that biodiversity-friendly botanical gardens in urban arid regions can make a valuable contribution to pollinator conservation, in particular, in face of the continued aridification due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L. Prudic
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Arizona Institute for Resilient Environments and Societies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Terese Maxine P. Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jazmyn I. B. Winzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Oliver
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Research Engagement, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Natalie A. Melkonoff
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Hank Verbais
- Tohono Chul Botanical Gardens & Galleries, Tucson, AZ 85704, USA
| | - Andrew Hogan
- Tohono Chul Botanical Gardens & Galleries, Tucson, AZ 85704, USA
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Carroll KA, Farwell LS, Pidgeon AM, Razenkova E, Gudex-Cross D, Helmers DP, Lewińska KE, Elsen PR, Radeloff VC. Mapping breeding bird species richness at management-relevant resolutions across the United States. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2624. [PMID: 35404493 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human activities alter ecosystems everywhere, causing rapid biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization. These losses necessitate coordinated conservation actions guided by biodiversity and species distribution spatial data that cover large areas yet have fine-enough resolution to be management-relevant (i.e., ≤5 km). However, most biodiversity products are too coarse for management or are only available for small areas. Furthermore, many maps generated for biodiversity assessment and conservation do not explicitly quantify the inherent tradeoff between resolution and accuracy when predicting biodiversity patterns. Our goals were to generate predictive models of overall breeding bird species richness and species richness of different guilds based on nine functional or life-history-based traits across the conterminous United States at three resolutions (0.5, 2.5, and 5 km) and quantify the tradeoff between resolution and accuracy and, hence, relevance for management of the resulting biodiversity maps. We summarized 18 years of North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1992-2019) and modeled species richness using random forests, including 66 predictor variables (describing climate, vegetation, geomorphology, and anthropogenic conditions), 20 of which we newly derived. Among the three spatial resolutions, the percentage variance explained ranged from 27% to 60% (median = 54%; mean = 57%) for overall species richness and 12% to 87% (median = 61%; mean = 58%) for our different guilds. Overall species richness and guild-specific species richness were best explained at 5-km resolution using ~24 predictor variables based on percentage variance explained, symmetric mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error values. However, our 2.5-km-resolution maps were almost as accurate and provided more spatially detailed information, which is why we recommend them for most management applications. Our results represent the first consistent, occurrence-based, and nationwide maps of breeding bird richness with a thorough accuracy assessment that are also spatially detailed enough to inform local management decisions. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering tradeoffs between resolution and accuracy to create management-relevant biodiversity products for large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Carroll
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura S Farwell
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna M Pidgeon
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elena Razenkova
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Gudex-Cross
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David P Helmers
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katarzyna E Lewińska
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul R Elsen
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Volker C Radeloff
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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How RA, Cowan MA, How JR. Decadal abundance patterns in an isolated urban reptile assemblage: Monitoring under a changing climate. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9081. [PMID: 35813910 PMCID: PMC9254674 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Determine seasonal, annual, and decadal patterns of abundance in reptile species and assemblages occupying central Bold Park (~338 ha), an isolated urban bushland remnant in Perth, Southwestern Australia. Fenced pitfall trapping in four sampling sites, representing different habitats and fire history, over the primary reptile activity period for 35 consecutive years with over 17,000 individuals captured during 3300 days of sampling; the trapping regime was modified for the last 28 years. Sampling occurred in one of 35 global biodiversity hotspots that has a Mediterranean climate experiencing a 15% decline from the century average rainfall over the last 50 years. Twenty‐nine species were recorded, with 16 captured in 32 or more years and accounting for nearly 97% of all captures; the six most common for 81%. Three taxa became locally extinct. Activity predominates in warmer and dryer months (October to April), peaking in November–December. Species richness remained relatively constant between years with around 73% of known taxa captured annually. Assemblages did not change when analyzing the presence/absence data but moved through five statistically significant assemblages analyzing relative abundance data. Over the last 28 years, relative abundance was significantly and positively correlated with annual rainfall residuals, uniquely for the 4 years preceding annual sampling, resulting in significant changes in total assemblages and significantly similar patterns in four sample sites; the presence/absence data indicated only minor assemblage changes across sites. The number of species recorded annually remained relatively constant, but relative abundance illustrated significant temporal changes in assemblages over decades. The modeled relationship between relative abundance and annual rainfall residuals for 4 years preceding annual sampling is supported by known ecological responses and reptile demographics within this Mediterranean climate. Maintenance of urban biodiversity should consider impacts of a significantly drying climate exacerbating the extinction debt already inherent in isolated bushland populations experiencing limited immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A How
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology Western Australian Museum Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mark A Cowan
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jason R How
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Perth Western Australia Australia
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Abstract
Historically, studies of childhood and adult resilience have typically focused on adaptation to chronic life adversities, such as poverty and maltreatment, or isolated and potentially traumatic events, such as bereavement and serious illness. Here, we present a complementary view and suggest that stressors experienced in daily life may also forecast individual health and well-being. We argue that daily process approaches that incorporate intensive sampling of individuals in natural settings can provide powerful insights into unfolding adaptational processes. In making this argument, we review studies that link intraindividual dynamics with diverse health-related phenomena. Findings from this research provide support for a multiple-levels-analysis perspective that embraces greater unity in pivotal resilience constructs invoked across childhood and adult literatures. Drawing on insights and principles derived from life-span theory, we conclude by outlining promising directions for future work and considering their broader implications for the field of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Ong
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University.,Center for Integrative Developmental Science, Cornell University
| | - Kate A Leger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
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Sun J, Li X. Water Availability, Soil Characteristics, and Confounding Effects on the Patterns of Biocrust Diversity in the Desert Regions of Northern China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:835668. [PMID: 35720603 PMCID: PMC9199854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The species diversity of biocrusts is an important community characteristic in determining their multiple ecosystem functions. Hence, understanding the diversity patterns of biocrusts and their environmental drivers is of fundamental importance. However, explain variables often correlated with each other; thus, the confounding effects among them may arise and result in spurious causal relationships and biased ecological inferences. In this study, we investigated the richness of three biocrust-forming components (mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria-algae) and their environmental variables across six desert regions of northern China. A comparison between conventional redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to study the environmental driver-richness relationship and the confounding effects. Our results showed that three latent variables related to water availability, soil texture, and soil salinity and sodicity, could account for the main environmental variations and explain the diversity patterns of biocrusts at the intracontinental scale. Water availability was positively and negatively related to the richness of mosses and cyanobacteria-algae, respectively, while soil texture was positively related to the richness of lichens. In addition, environmental variables confounded with each other caused distinct driver-richness relationships between results of RDA and SEM. Therefore, we suggest that future multivariable studies should utilize path analysis in conjunction with conventional canonical ordination to facilitate more rigorous ecological inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Sun
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Eco-Physiology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Eco-Physiology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
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Beguin J, Côté SD, Vellend M. Large herbivores trigger spatiotemporal changes in forest plant diversity. Ecology 2022; 103:e3739. [PMID: 35488368 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Large herbivores can exert top-down control on terrestrial plant communities, but the magnitude, direction, and scale-dependency of their impacts remain equivocal, especially in temperate and boreal forests, where multiple disturbances often interact. Using a unique, long-term and replicated landscape experiment, we assessed the influence of a high density of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the spatiotemporal dynamics of diversity, composition, and successional trajectories of understorey plant assemblages in recently logged boreal forests. This experiment provided a rare opportunity to test whether deer herbivory represents a direct filter on plant communities or if it mainly acts to suppress dominant plants which, in turn, release other plant species from strong negative plant-plant interactions. These two hypotheses make different predictions about changes in community composition, alpha and beta diversity in different vegetation layers and at different spatial scales. Our results showed that deer had strong effects on plant community composition and successional trajectories, but the resulting impacts on plant alpha and beta diversity patterns were markedly scale-dependent in both time and space. Responses of tree and non-tree vegetation layers were strongly asymmetric. Deer acted both as a direct filter and as a suppressor of dominant plant species during early forest succession, but the magnitude of both processes was specific to tree and non-tree vegetation layers. Although our data supported the ungulate-driven homogenization hypothesis, compositional shifts and changes of alpha diversity were poor predictors of beta diversity loss. Our findings underscore the importance of long-term studies in revealing non-linear temporal community trends, and they challenge managers to prioritize particular community properties and scales of interest, given contrasting trends of composition, alpha, and beta diversity across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Beguin
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques & Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG en aménagement intégré des ressources de l'île d'Anticosti, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve D Côté
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques & Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG en aménagement intégré des ressources de l'île d'Anticosti, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Karatassiou M, Parissi ZM, Panajiotidis S, Stergiou A. Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:982. [PMID: 35406961 PMCID: PMC9003301 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rangelands of Crete island (Greece) are typical Mediterranean habitats under high risk of degradation due to long-term grazing and harsh climatic conditions. We explored the effect of abiotic (climatic conditions, altitude) and biotic factors (long-term grazing by small ruminants) on the floristic composition and diversity of selected lowland (Pyrathi, Faistos) and highland (Vroulidia, Nida) rangelands. In each rangeland, the ground cover was measured, and the floristic composition was calculated in terms of five functional groups: grasses, legumes, forbs, phrygana, and shrubs. The aridity index, species turnover, species richness, Shannon entropy, and Gini-Simpson index (with the latter two converted to the effective number of species) were calculated. Our results reveal that highlands are characterized by the highest aridity index (wetter conditions). Lowland rangelands, compared to highland, exhibited a higher percentage contribution of grasses, legumes, and forbs, while species turnover decreased along the altitudinal gradient. The Shannon entropy index was correlated (a) positively with Gini-Simpson and mean annual temperature and (b) negatively with mean annual precipitation, aridity index, and altitude. Moreover, the Gini-Simpson index correlated positively with mean annual temperature and negatively with altitude. Our results could help to understand the effects of grazing on rangeland dynamics and sustainability in semi-arid regions in the context of climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karatassiou
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecology, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 286, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Zoi M. Parissi
- Laboratory of Range Science, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 236, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sampson Panajiotidis
- Laboratory of Forest Botany—Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 270, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Afroditi Stergiou
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecology, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 286, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Cano-Díaz C, Maestre FT, Wang J, Li J, Singh BK, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Effects of vegetation on soil cyanobacterial communities through time and space. New Phytol 2022; 234:435-448. [PMID: 35088410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities. We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years. We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities. Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Cano-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
- CISAS - Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Edificio Nuevos Institutos, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Juntao Wang
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Edificio Nuevos Institutos, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Edificio Nuevos Institutos, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
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40
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Hanley-Cook GT, Daly AJ, Remans R, Jones AD, Murray KA, Huybrechts I, De Baets B, Lachat C. Food biodiversity: Quantifying the unquantifiable in human diets. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7837-7851. [PMID: 35297716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary diversity is an established public health principle, and its measurement is essential for studies of diet quality and food security. However, conventional between food group scores fail to capture the nutritional variability and ecosystem services delivered by dietary richness and dissimilarity within food groups, or the relative distribution (i.e., evenness or moderation) of e.g., species or varieties across whole diets. Summarizing food biodiversity in an all-encompassing index is problematic. Therefore, various diversity indices have been proposed in ecology, yet these require methodological adaption for integration in dietary assessments. In this narrative review, we summarize the key conceptual issues underlying the measurement of food biodiversity at an edible species level, assess the ecological diversity indices previously applied to food consumption and food supply data, discuss their relative suitability, and potential amendments for use in (quantitative) dietary intake studies. Ecological diversity indices are often used without justification through the lens of nutrition. To illustrate: (i) dietary species richness fails to account for the distribution of foods across the diet or their functional traits; (ii) evenness indices, such as the Gini-Simpson index, require widely accepted relative abundance units (e.g., kcal, g, cups) and evidence-based moderation weighting factors; and (iii) functional dissimilarity indices are constructed based on an arbitrary selection of distance measures, cutoff criteria, and number of phylogenetic, nutritional, and morphological traits. Disregard for these limitations can lead to counterintuitive results and ambiguous or incorrect conclusions about the food biodiversity within diets or food systems. To ensure comparability and robustness of future research, we advocate food biodiversity indices that: (i) satisfy key axioms; (ii) can be extended to account for disparity between edible species; and (iii) are used in combination, rather than in isolation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2051163 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles T Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aisling J Daly
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roseline Remans
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, MRC Unit The Gambia at London, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard De Baets
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Liu SL, Jian MF, Zou L, Hu QW. [Microbial Community Structure on Microplastic Surface in the Grus leucogeranus Reserve of Poyang Lake]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:1447-1454. [PMID: 35258208 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted increasing attention. Microplastics in aquatic ecosystems are accumulating at an unprecedented scale, causing significant environmental and economic impacts. In this study, sediments and different types of microplastic samples were collected from the Grus leucogeranus Reserve of Wuxing Reclamation Farm of Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. The main types of microplastics were film (PE), debris (PP1), fiber (PP2), and foam (PS), and the polymers were identified as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene in the study area. The structures of microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) were identified using 16S high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the Ace and Chao of bacteria between the surface of PE and PP1 and that of the surrounding sediments (P>0.05), whereas PP2 and PS were significantly lower than those in surrounding sediments (P<0.05). Ace and Chao of fungi showed that PE and PS had no significant differences with the sediment (P>0.05), and PP1 and PP2 were significantly lower than those in surrounding sediments (P<0.05). The species diversity Shannon and Simpson index of bacteria and fungi on different types of microplastic surfaces were lower than that of sediment. The bacterial communities on the sediment and microplastic surface mainly included Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In the fungal community, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota were the dominant bacteria. Through KEGG functional prediction, it was found that most of the metabolic pathways with a significant difference between bacteria and sediments on the surface of microplastics and with an abundance ratio higher than 1% were related to metabolism. Compared with that of sediment, the metabolic pathways of PE and PP2 on microplastic surfaces were down-regulated mainly in cell motility, signal transduction, and carbohydrate metabolism, whereas the energy metabolism, general and global metabolism pathways, and cofactor metabolism were up-regulated. Compared with that of sediment, the bacterial metabolic pathways of PS and PP1 on microplastic surfaces were down-regulated, mainly including general and global metabolic pathways, translation, and exogenous biodegradation, and cell motility and signal transduction were up-regulated. However, the abundance of other functional genes in sediments and microplastic samples showed little difference. The results indicated that microplastics can change the structure of microbial communities, and the microbial community on the surface of microplastics could catalyze metabolic reactions and promote the decomposition of microplastics. The study of microplastic surface microbial structure in Poyang Lake can support management decisions to protect the ecological integrity of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Min-Fei Jian
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Long Zou
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qi-Wu Hu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Mites M, García-Mozo H, Galán C, Oña E. Analysis of the Orchidaceae Diversity in the Pululahua Reserve, Ecuador: Opportunities and Constraints as Regards the Biodiversity Conservation of the Cloud Mountain Forest. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:698. [PMID: 35270168 PMCID: PMC8912332 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve is a protected natural area in the cloud mountain forest of Ecuador, so rich in orchid species despite being a volcanic area still under threat of volcanic activity. A comparative biodiversity study of orchids was carried out in two different sectors, Chaupisacha (CH) and La Reventazón (LR). Data were collected in 1 ha plots in each sector, in which all the orchids found were counted and two individuals of each species were retained. Immature individuals were conserved in a plant nursery until flowering. In CH, there were 922 individuals grouped into 24 genera and 55 species, while LR had 9196 individuals grouped into 26 genera and 46 species; only 14 species were found in both sectors. Different density and diversity indexes were calculated. The density (ind./100 m2) of CH was 0.96, while that of LR was 185.92. Simpson's diversity (1 - λ) attained CH 0.903 ± 0.01 and LR 0.85 ± 0.01. The orchid diversity measured by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was 1.29 for CH, differing significantly from that of LR (H' 1.02). The medium equity (Jaccard's J') found was 0.61 in CH and 90.78 in LR. Limitations as regards the natural dispersion of orchids seemed to favor endemism. Some species, such as Dracula felix and Restrepia guttulate, are threatened with disappearance from the wild or are vulnerable, as is the case for Epidendrum polyanthogastrium. A lack of information on the phenology and anthropic impacts in the area limit the conservation of species, signifying that new protected figures and seed banks are necessary, especially in CH, owing to its high diversity of orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mites
- International Campus of Excellence on Agreefood CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Herminia García-Mozo
- International Campus of Excellence on Agreefood CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Galán
- International Campus of Excellence on Agreefood CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Edwin Oña
- Ministerio del Ambiente, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
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Wang X, Han Q. A Closer Examination of the 'Abundant-Center' for Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Associated With Picea crassifolia in China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:759801. [PMID: 35283884 PMCID: PMC8908202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.759801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in biogeography predicts that a species' abundance is highest at the center of its geographical range and decreases toward its edges. In this study, we test the abundant-center hypothesis of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated with Picea crassifolia, an endemic species widely distributed in northwest China. We analyzed the taxonomic richness and the relative abundance of ECM fungi in four main distribution areas, from center to edges. In total, 234 species of ECM fungi were detected, and of these, 137 species were shared among all four sites. Inocybe, Sebacina, Tomentella, and Cortinarius were the dominant genera. ECM fungal richness and biodiversity were highest at the central and lower at peripheral sites. Our results indicated that ECM fungal species richness was consistent with the abundant-center hypothesis, while the relative abundances of individual fungal genera shifted inconsistently across the plant's range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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Berggren H, Tibblin P, Yıldırım Y, Broman E, Larsson P, Lundin D, Forsman A. Fish Skin Microbiomes Are Highly Variable Among Individuals and Populations but Not Within Individuals. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:767770. [PMID: 35126324 PMCID: PMC8813977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish skin-associated microbial communities are highly variable among populations and species and can impact host fitness. Still, the sources of variation in microbiome composition, and particularly how they vary among and within host individuals, have rarely been investigated. To tackle this issue, we explored patterns of variation in fish skin microbiomes across different spatial scales. We conducted replicate sampling of dorsal and ventral body sites of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from two populations and characterized the variation of fish skin-associated microbial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Results showed a high similarity of microbiome samples taken from the left and right side of the same fish individuals, suggesting that fish skin microbiomes can be reliably assessed and characterized even using a single sample from a specific body site. The microbiome composition of fish skin differed markedly from the bacterioplankton communities in the surrounding water and was highly variable among individuals. No ASV was present in all samples, and the most prevalent phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, varied in relative abundance among fish hosts. Microbiome composition was both individual- and population specific, with most of the variation explained by individual host. At the individual level, we found no diversification in microbiome composition between dorsal and ventral body sites, but the degree of intra-individual heterogeneity varied among individuals. To identify how genetic and phenotypic characteristics of fish hosts impact the rate and nature of intra-individual temporal dynamics of the skin microbiome, and thereby contribute to the host-specific patterns documented here, remains an important task for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berggren
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Petter Tibblin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lundin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Roeder KA, Benson BR, Weiser MD, Kaspari M. Testing the role of body size and litter depth on invertebrate diversity across six forests in North America. Ecology 2021; 103:e03601. [PMID: 34820828 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists search for rules by which traits dictate the abundance and distribution of species. Here we search for rules that apply across three common taxa of litter invertebrates in six North American forests from Panama to Oregon. We use image analysis to quantify the abundance and body size distributions of mites, springtails, and spiders in 21 1-m2 plots per forest. We contrast three hypotheses: two of which focus on trait-abundance relationships and a third linking abundance to species richness. Despite three orders of magnitude variation in size, the predicted negative relationship between mean body size and abundance per area occurred in only 18% of cases, never for large bodied taxa like spiders. We likewise found only 18% of tests supported our prediction that increasing litter depth allows for high abundance; two-thirds of which occurred at a single deciduous forest in Massachusetts. In contrast, invertebrate abundance constrained species richness 76% of the time. Our results suggest that body size and habitat volume in brown food webs are rarely good predictors of variation in abundance, but that variation in diversity is generally well predicted by abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Roeder
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, South Dakota, 57006, USA.,Department of Biology, Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Brittany R Benson
- Department of Biology, Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.,Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, 7729, Norway
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Department of Biology, Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology, Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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Glišić M, Jakovljević K, Lakušić D, Šinžar-Sekulić J, Vukojičić S, Tabašević M, Jovanović S. Influence of Habitat Types on Diversity and Species Composition of Urban Flora-A Case Study in Serbia. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122572. [PMID: 34961043 PMCID: PMC8704744 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the floristic composition and diversity of seven urban habitat types in 24 Serbian cities with different climatic affiliation. In each of the 24 cities, we selected 1 ha plots representing a habitat from one of the following groups: square, boulevard, residential area with compact and with open building pattern, city park, and sites with early and mid-succession vegetation stages. All vascular plant species that occur spontaneously in these plots were observed. Data on the main climatic characteristics were collected for each plot, and data on the life forms were obtained for each species recorded. Diagnostic species were identified for each habitat type analyzed, and alpha, beta and gamma diversity were calculated. A total of 674 taxa were recorded in the studied area. Significant differences were observed in habitats by diagnostic species and by life form representation. The lowest alpha and gamma diversity and the dominance of therophytes were observed in habitat types with intensive anthropogenic impact, whereas the highest number was recorded in mid-successional sites and residential areas with a compact building pattern. The analysis showed that habitat type influences species composition much more than climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Glišić
- Academy of Applied Studies Šabac, Dobropoljska 5, 15000 Šabac, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Ksenija Jakovljević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Dmitar Lakušić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Snežana Vukojičić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Milena Tabašević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Slobodan Jovanović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.J.); (D.L.); (J.Š.-S.); (S.V.); (M.T.); (S.J.)
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Di Pierro F. A Possible Perspective about the Compositional Models, Evolution, and Clinical Meaning of Human Enterotypes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112341. [PMID: 34835466 PMCID: PMC8618122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various parameters obtainable through the analysis of the human gut microbiota, the enterotype is one of the first classifications of the bacterial consortia, which tried to obtain, at the same time, as much information as possible to be applied in clinical medicine. Although some authors observed the existence not of clusters, but only of a real continuous gradient, enterotypes are commonly described according to various models. The first model predicted either clustering into enterotypes 1 and 2 based on two specific dominances, Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively, with the Ruminococcus dominance blurred within the Bacteroides dominance, or it predicted a threedominant condition, in which the Ruminococcus driver constituted enterotype 3, separated from enterotype 1. A second model envisaged three possible ways to cluster gut microbiota, respectively centred on two, three, and four dominances. In the first case, enterotypes 1 and 2 coincided with the two original enterotypes, with the dominance of Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively. In the second case, the existence of enterotype 3 was evident and whose dominance was not centred on Ruminococcus but extended more towards the entire Firmicutes phylum. In the third case, the presence of the phylum Firmicutes was split into two different enterotypes generating the clusters defined and named as Mixtures 1 and 2. Subsequently, the analysis of the water content (hydration) in the stool allowed the splitting of the Bacteroides enterotype into two sub-enterotype, respectively known as B1 and B2. All these models have allowed us to highlight some correlations between a specific enterotype, or cluster, and some characteristics, such as the greater predisposition of the respective hosts towards certain pathologies. These observations, coupled with the attempt to derive the different microbiota on an evolutionary basis, can help to shed new light on this topic and demonstrate the possible utility that the different ways of clustering the gut microbiota can have in a clinical application perspective and in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Pierro
- Digestive Endoscopy & Gastroenterology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
- UNICAM, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Scientific Department, Velleja Research, 20124 Milan, Italy
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Koch RA, Herr JR. Global Distribution and Richness of Armillaria and Related Species Inferred From Public Databases and Amplicon Sequencing Datasets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:733159. [PMID: 34803949 PMCID: PMC8602889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.733159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Armillaria is a globally distributed fungal genus most notably composed of economically important plant pathogens that are found predominantly in forest and agronomic systems. The genus sensu lato has more recently received attention for its role in woody plant decomposition and in mycorrhizal symbiosis with specific plants. Previous phylogenetic analyses suggest that around 50 species are recognized globally. Despite this previous work, no studies have analyzed the global species richness and distribution of the genus using data derived from fungal community sequencing datasets or barcoding initiatives. To assess the global diversity and species richness of Armillaria, we mined publicly available sequencing datasets derived from numerous primer regions for the ribosomal operon, as well as ITS sequences deposited on Genbank, and clustered them akin to metabarcoding studies. Our estimates reveal that species richness ranges from 50 to 60 species, depending on whether the ITS1 or ITS2 marker is used. Eastern Asia represents the biogeographic region with the highest species richness. We also assess the overlap of species across geographic regions and propose some hypotheses regarding the drivers of variability in species diversity and richness between different biogeographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Koch
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Joshua R. Herr
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Berbigier AP, Barros JHDS, Pontes ES, Lisboa CV, Gentile R, Xavier SCDC, Jansen AM, Roque ALR. Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111442. [PMID: 34832597 PMCID: PMC8620513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are diverse and can infect several host species, including small mammals (rodents and marsupials). Between 2012 and 2014, 91 small mammals were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection in the Estação Biológica FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (EFMA), an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro that presents different levels of conserved and degraded areas. Blood, skin, liver, and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological, serological, and molecular assays to detect the infection and determine the taxonomic status of their parasites. Sixty-eight individuals (74.7%; n = 91) were infected by trypanosomatids, including fourteen mixed infected by different trypanosomatid parasites. These hosts were infected by: T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 12), T. cruzi DTU TcIV (n = 2), T. janseni (n = 15), T. dionisii (n = 1), and T. rangeli A (n = 1) detected in blood or tissue cultures, in addition to T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 9) and Leishmania sp. (n = 1) only by the molecular diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was positive in 38 (71.6%) individuals for T. cruzi, the same amount for Leishmania spp., and 23 (43.3%) individuals were mixed infected. These data indicate a remarkable richness of trypanosomatid species/genotypes infecting small mammals, even in a disturbed area with low mammal species diversity—as is the case of the EFMA—reinforcing the generalist aspect of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pereira Berbigier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Juliana Helena da Silva Barros
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Edilene Sousa Pontes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Cristiane Varella Lisboa
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.P.B.); (J.H.d.S.B.); (E.S.P.); (C.V.L.); (S.C.d.C.X.); (A.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1416; Fax: +55-(21)-2562-1609
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Khwantongyim P, Wansee S, Lu X, Zhang W, Sun G. Variations in the Community Structure of Fungal Microbiota Associated with Apple Fruit Shaped by Fruit Bagging-Based Practice. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090764. [PMID: 34575802 PMCID: PMC8470174 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The various fungal communities that adhere to apple fruit are influenced by agricultural practices. However, the effects of fruit bagging-based management practice on the fungal microbiota are still unknown, and little is known about the fungal communities of bagged apple fruit. We conducted a study using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard where pesticide use is an indispensable practice. Fungal communities were collected from the calyx-end and peel tissues of bagged and unbagged fruit and characterized using barcode-type next-generation sequencing. Fruit bagging had a stronger effect on fungal richness, abundance, and diversity of the fungal microbiota in comparison to non-bagging. In addition, bagging also impacted the compositional variation of the fungal communities inhabiting each fruit part. We observed that fruit bagging had a tendency to maintain ecological equilibrium since Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were more distributed in bagged fruit than in unbagged fruit. These fungal communities consist of beneficial fungi rather than potentially harmful fungi. Approximately 50 dominant taxa were detected in bagged fruit, for example, beneficial genera such as Articulospora, Bullera, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Erythrobasidium, and Sporobolomyces, as well as pathogenic genera such as Aureobasidium and Taphrina. These results suggested that fruit bagging could significantly increase fungal richness and promote healthy fungal communities, especially the harmless fungal communities, which might be helpful for protecting fruit from the effects of pathogens. This study provides a foundation for understanding the impacts of bagging-based practice on the associated fungal microbiota.
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