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Zou D, Lu X, Song F, Zhong X, Chen H, Zhang J, Tian Y, Pei L, Li F, Lu X, Shi W, Wang T. Characteristics of bacterial community in eyelashes of patients with Demodex blepharitis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:64. [PMID: 38355686 PMCID: PMC10868039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demodex blepharitis (DB) is a common disease of the ocular surface. The characteristics of the bacterial community in eyelash roots after Demodex infestation are still unknown. Knowledge of the characteristics of the bacterial community of eyelash follicles in patients with DB can provide valuable insights for guiding the diagnosis and treatment of DB. METHODS Twenty-five patients with DB (DB group) and 21 non-DB volunteers (control group) were enrolled in the study. Eyelashes from the upper eyelid of the right eye were sampled, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing was performed to determine the V3-V4 regions of the microbial 16S rDNA gene within 1 month of infestation. The sequencing data of the two groups were analyzed and compared. The effect of the bacterium Burkholderia on the survival of Demodex mites was evaluated using Demodex obtained from 12 patients with DB other that the patients in the DB group. RESULTS A total of 31 phyla and 862 genera were identified in the DB and control groups. The five most abundant phyla in the two groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria. The abundance of Actinomycetes was significantly higher in the DB group than in the control group. At the genus level, the five most abundant genera in the two groups were Pseudomonas, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Rolstonia and Acinetobacter; Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was abundant in the control group and Corynebacterium_1 was abundant in the DB group. Compared with the control group, the abundance of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia was 2.36-fold lower in the DB group. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis revealed Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, SC_I_84_unclassified, Nonmyxobacteria and Succinvibrio to be the major biomarkers in the control group and Catenibacterium and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group to be the major biomarkers in the DB group. To explore the performance of these optimal marker models, receiver operational characteristic curve analysis was performed, and the average area under the curve value of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia was 0.7448. Burkholderia cepacia isolated from normal human eyelashes was fermented, and the Demodex mites isolated from patient eyelashes were cultured together with its fermented supernatant. The results showed that the fermentation supernatant could significantly reduce the survival time of the Demodex mites, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of this bacterium against Demodex. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the bacterial community in the eyelashes of DB patients differed from that in eyelashes of healthy volunteers, revealing a decrease in bacterial diversity in infested eyelashes. This decrease may be related to the occurrence and development of DB. The supernatant of Burkholderia cepacia culture medium was found to inhibit the growth of Demodex in eyelash hair follicles, providing a new insight with potential applications for the clinical treatment of Demodex infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulei Zou
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhai Lu
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangying Song
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yabin Tian
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Pei
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Werda MS, Cheikhrouhou F, Ben Zina Z, Makni F, Ayadi A. Les blépharites chroniques à Demodex à Sfax (Tunisie): Etude prospective. Tunis Med 2024; 102:87-93. [PMID: 38567474 DOI: 10.62438/tunismed.v102i2.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic blepharitis is a common cause of eye irritation and dryness. They are often treated without regard to causal factors such as parasites which are rarely mentioned. AIM To describe the role of Demodex in the pathogenesis of chronic blepharitis, to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic particularities. METHODS This is a prospective, case-control study conducted in the mycology parasitology department at the Habib Bourguiba university hospital in Sfax covering 100 cases with chronic blepharitis and 87 control cases. Clinical examination and eyelash removal were performed with direct examination for qualitative and quantitative analysis, before and after treatment. RESULTS Demodex was significantly more found in patients than in controls (48% vs 13.8%). The quantitative analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups with 52.1% of Demodex (+++) for patients versus 8.3% for controls. Demodex blepharitis were treated with yellow oxid mercure ophthalmic ointment with a good outcome in 81,3%. CONCLUSION Although it is admitted to be a saprophyte of the skin, a large number of arguments argues for the incrimination of Demodex in the etiopathogenesis of chronic blepharitis, hence the interest of eyelashes examination and a parasitic research in front of any chronic blepharitis resistant to usual treatments. In case of positive research, a specific treatment should be prescribed. Its effectiveness is another argument for the etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Slim Werda
- Parasitology and mycology laboratory, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Cheikhrouhou
- Parasitology and mycology laboratory, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Ben Zina
- Parasitology and mycology laboratory, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fattouma Makni
- Parasitology and mycology laboratory, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ayadi
- Parasitology and mycology laboratory, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Diener-Kudisch S, Ramírez-Barajas L, Perezpeña-Diazconti JM, Nava-Castañeda Á. Correlation between Demodex species in primary and recurrent chalazia. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2024; 99:49-55. [PMID: 38008381 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between the infestation by species of Demodex spp. and the occurrence of primary and recurrent chalazia. METHODS Prospective and observational study. Patients with primary or recurrent chalazia were included. Eyelash samples were taken to determine the microscopic presence of Demodex spp. The correlation between the recurrence of the chalazia and the infestation by Demodex spp. mites was determined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. RESULTS Sixty-eight adult patients diagnosed with chalazia were included. In 63.2% of the total cases, the presence of one or more parasites of the genus Demodex spp. was documented. In the quantitative parasitological study, it was found that 25% of all cases presented infestation by Demodex spp. defined by an index greater than or equal to 0.5 parasites per eyelash. The most frequently found species was Demodex folliculorum. Of the 14 patients with recurrent chalazia, 50% presented infestation by Demodex spp. and in 91.7% of the cases the infestation was by D. folliculorum. There is a positive, directly proportional correlation between these factors (rθ=+0.665, P<.05). In the group of patients with primary chalazion, only 18.5% presented infestation by Demodex spp., and in 81.6% of these cases it was caused by D. folliculorum. There is a non-statistically significant correlation between these two factors. CONCLUSION There is a direct, high and statistically significant correlation between the recurrence of the chalazion and the infestation by Demodex spp., there is no statistically significant correlation between the primary chalazia and the presence of Demodex spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diener-Kudisch
- Departamento de Oculoplástica, Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - L Ramírez-Barajas
- Departamento de Oculoplástica, Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J M Perezpeña-Diazconti
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Á Nava-Castañeda
- Departamento de Oculoplástica, Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang WL, Huang CM, Chu CY, Hu FR. Comorbidity of Ocular and Facial Demodicosis. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 257:201-211. [PMID: 37739203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between ocular and facial demodicosis, and the effect of facial treatment on ocular demodicosis. DESIGN Prospective clinical cohort study. METHODS Ocular demodicosis outpatients from a tertiary medical center were enrolled from April to December 2020. The diagnosis was based on epilation of 4 eyelashes from each upper eyelid. High ocular Demodex load (ODL) was defined as ≥8 mites per eye. Facial infestation was assessed by direct microscopic examination, with facial Demodex overgrowth (FDO) defined as a density >5 mites/cm2. All patients were prescribed 3 months of ocular treatment, and FDO patients received dermatologic treatment. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were enrolled. Among those that completed the treatment course, 39 presented high ODL. Lower cylindrical sleeve counts were found in low ODL patients (low ODL vs high ODL: 8 vs 14, P = .009). FDO was less prevalent in this group (49% vs 77%, P = .012). The Ocular Surface Disease Index score decreased in patients without FDO (20.0 ± 17.1 to 14.0 ± 16.6, P = .027) after 3 months of topical tea tree oil treatment. Topical ivermectin treatment on the facial skin provided a higher ocular Demodex eradication rate in FDO patients (76% vs 16%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Concurrence of ocular and facial demodicosis is common, especially in cases of severe ocular demodicosis. Although ocular treatment alone is effective for patients with ocular demodicosis only, cotreatment with topical ivermectin on the facial skin enhances ocular Demodex eradication in patients with comorbid facial Demodex overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Huang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch (W.-L.H.), Hsinchu, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (W.-L.H.), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (C.-M.H., C.-Y.C.), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (C.-M.H., C.-Y.C.), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (F.-R.H.), Taipei, Taiwan.
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Flores V, Ruf M, Abad Farfan SP, Suárez Echávez AV, Bastard DP, Puga MC, Mazzuoccolo LD. Prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:74-78. [PMID: 37541821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blepharitis is a very common disease in ophthalmology, dermatology and allergy practice. It generally follows a chronic course and is frequently associated with objective and/or subjective symptoms such as epiphora, red eye, dandruff, gritty sensation, itching, burning, photophobia, and blurred vision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between 2016 and 2020. All patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis who underwent a parasitological test of eyelashes (Rapitest) in the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were included. Those with previously established blepharitis due to another infectious cause were excluded. We analyzed 972 patients. Sixty percent (n=585) underwent a positive Rapitest for the presence of Demodex spp. Seventy five percent (n=728) were women. There were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex (p=0.38). Among the patients positive for Demodex spp., 65% (n=628) were older than 60 years old. The most frequently associated symptom was itching, present in 35% (n=342). A statistically significant decrease in the number of consultations was observed during the cold months of the year (May-June-July-August). Our results show a high prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. As its presence reveals a direct association with age, we recommend looking for this parasite in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Flores
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Servicio de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marina Ruf
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Servicio de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Dolores Pilar Bastard
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Servicio de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Celeste Puga
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim M, Kim WJ, Park SJ. Analyzing Gut Microbial Community in Varroa destructor-Infested Western Honeybee ( Apis mellifera). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1495-1505. [PMID: 37482801 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The western honeybee Apis mellifera L., a vital crop pollinator and producer of honey and royal jelly, faces numerous threats including diseases, chemicals, and mite infestations, causing widespread concern. While extensive research has explored the link between gut microbiota and their hosts. However, the impact of Varroa destructor infestation remains understudied. In this study, we employed massive parallel amplicon sequencing assays to examine the diversity and structure of gut microbial communities in adult bee groups, comparing healthy (NG) and Varroa-infested (VG) samples. Additionally, we analyzed Varroa-infested hives to assess the whole body of larvae. Our results indicated a notable prevalence of the genus Bombella in larvae and the genera Gillamella, unidentified Lactobacillaceae, and Snodgrassella in adult bees. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between NG and VG. Furthermore, our PICRUSt analysis demonstrated distinct KEGG classification patterns between larval and adult bee groups, with larvae displaying a higher abundance of genes involved in cofactor and vitamin production. Notably, despite the complex nature of the honeybee bacterial community, methanogens were found to be present in low abundance in the honeybee microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Kim
- Center for Life Science (HCLS), Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Hei Longjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Soo-Je Park
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Lihou K, Wall R, Nixon E. Treatment of sheep prior to movement: its contribution to an effective scab (psoroptic mange) management strategy. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:436. [PMID: 38007436 PMCID: PMC10676605 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is an important disease of sheep worldwide caused by the parasitic mite, Psoroptes ovis. It has a negative impact on animal welfare and leads to significant economic losses for the sheep industry. Effective and targeted management is required to limit its transmission. METHODS A stochastic metapopulation model of sheep scab transmission is used to investigate the contribution of the treatment of sheep prior to movements to sales, gatherings (predominantly markets) and away grazing to the reduction of prevalence of farms with scab in Great Britain. RESULTS Treatment prior to movement to gatherings resulted in an 86% reduction in the overall prevalence of farms with scab and was more effective at reducing the overall prevalence of farms with scab than treatment before other categories of movements. The relative risk of farms having scab infection was inversely related to the percentage of farms which treated, but this relationship was not linear, with the biggest declines in the prevalence of farms with scab being achieved by small percentages of farms treating; a 50% relative reduction in the farm prevalence was achieved with only 15% of farms treating prior to gathering movements. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that pre-movement treatment of sheep could make an important contribution to national scab control and, in practice, the approach could be more highly targeted if used in conjunction with known geographic and management risk factors for scab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lihou
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Nixon
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Alsoubani MS, Varela-Stokes AS, Andujar Vazquez GM, Huang SY, Heger NE, Doron SI. An unusual outbreak of dermatitis due to rodent mite infestation in an acute-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1884-1886. [PMID: 37198719 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report an outbreak of dermatitis associated with Ornithonysus bacoti and Liponyssoides sanguineus infestation in an acute ambulatory care setting. Healthcare workers developed dermatitis prior to the identification of the outbreak. A collaborative team effort resulted in complete eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd S Alsoubani
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea S Varela-Stokes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriela M Andujar Vazquez
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shirley Y Huang
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas E Heger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shira I Doron
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Feldman I, Krausz J, Levinkron O, Gutovitz J, Edison N, Cohen E, Krauthammer M, Briscoe D. Is Demodex Blepharitis Connected With Cataract Surgery? Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 254:31-35. [PMID: 37257549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether there is an increased incidence of Demodex of the eyelashes among patients after cataract extraction surgery. DESIGN Prospective, noncomparative clinical study. METHODS A cohort of patients who underwent cataract extraction surgery had several eyelashes removed preoperatively that were examined independently by the hospital laboratory for the presence of the Demodex mite. This was repeated 3 weeks after surgery. During several postoperative weeks, patients received the standard treatment of steroid drops alone for a period as individually required. RESULTS A total of 62 patients were included in the study (31 men and 31 women), with a mean age of 71.04 years (range, 47-87). In the group positive for Demodex, the male-to-female ratio was 2:3 (P = .2772). Demodex colonization was observed in 22.58% of samples before cataract surgery and in 32.26% after cataract surgery and topical postoperative steroid therapy (P = .0143). CONCLUSIONS There is a statistically significant increase in Demodex colonization of eyelashes after cataract surgery and postoperative topical steroid treatment. Although Demodex colonization does not necessarily cause blepharitis, our findings of increased colonization should raise the possibility of Demodex blepharitis being considered by ophthalmologists in patients with chronic postoperative eye discomfort after cataract surgery. This study was carried out at the Emek Medical Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Feldman
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Israel (I.F., O.L., J.G., D.B., N.E.)
| | - Judit Krausz
- The Tissue Diagnostics and Cancer Research Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Israel (J.K. N.E.)
| | - Oz Levinkron
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Israel (I.F., O.L., J.G., D.B., N.E.)
| | - Joel Gutovitz
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Israel (I.F., O.L., J.G., D.B., N.E.)
| | - Natalia Edison
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Israel (I.F., O.L., J.G., D.B., N.E.); The Tissue Diagnostics and Cancer Research Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Israel (J.K. N.E.)
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (E.C., M.K.)
| | - Mark Krauthammer
- Division of Ophthalmology, Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (E.C., M.K.)
| | - Daniel Briscoe
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Israel (I.F., O.L., J.G., D.B., N.E.).
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Lee WJ, Kim M, Lee SH, Chun YS, Kim KW. The varied influence of ocular Demodex infestation on dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction across different age groups. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16324. [PMID: 37770583 PMCID: PMC10539367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of ocular demodicosis on dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) across different age populations: young (20 to < 40), middle-aged (40 to < 60), and elderly (≥ 60), based on the retrospective medical chart review. In each age subgroup, Demodex infestation and its count were correlated with clinical parameters of DED and MGD. Among the total of 351 subjects, 52.7% had ocular demodicosis, with a mean of 2.31 ± 1.39 mites per four eyelashes (0.58 per lash) in a unilateral eye. In the age subgroup 1 (age < 40; N = 44), subjects with Demodex had significantly higher meibum quality grades. In subgroup 2 (40 ≤ age < 60; N = 122), subjects with Demodex had higher ocular surface disease index scores and higher MG expressibility grades. However, in subgroup 3 (age ≥ 60; N = 185), demographics and all parameters did not differ according to Demodex infestation. Moreover, the number of mites did not correlate with MGD severity in any of the subgroups. In conclusion, age may act as a significant confounding factor in the relationship between ocular Demodex infestation and clinical features of DED and MGD, despite older patients aged 60 years and above being at a higher risk of Demodex infestation and experiencing more severe MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Sook Chun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Metin Z, Akca HM, Ozkoca D, Imren IG, Durmaz K, Kara KT, Metin MS, Temiz SA, Caf N, Ozyurt K. Demodex prevalence in mine, textile and food factory workers with dermatosis: a cross-sectional, multicenter study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2099-2105. [PMID: 36947195 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Demodex, a type of mite, lives in human hair follicles. They can multiply very quickly in some conditions and then start to irritate the skin by causing skin disorders. This study aims to investigate if working environment conditions affect the prevalence of Demodex. A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted with three different occupational groups: mine, textile and food factory workers (n = 102). Determined industry workers who applied to our outpatient dermatology clinics with the complaint of dermatosis in three different cities were included in the study. Demodex positivity was checked by dermoscopy. Differences between categorical variables examined with Chi-square analysis and T test was used to compare continuous variables between groups. 50% Demodex positivity was found in mine workers, 45.3% in food factory workers and 66.7% in textile manufacturing workers. A high rate of Demodex positivity was observed in all three occupational groups. Although the highest positivity rate was observed in textile manufacturing workers, no significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.320). The overall prevalence of Demodex in female workers was statistically significantly higher than in male workers (p = 0.029). Exposure of workers to a wide variety of factors in work environments such as textile factories and the fact that women are more sensitive to external factors may have caused the prevalence of Demodex to be higher in these groups. So, a change in the work environment or the use of suitable protective equipment may benefit the treatment of diseases caused by Demodex. But, further studies are needed with larger and various industry groups to make more certain views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Metin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey.
| | - Hanife Merve Akca
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Defne Ozkoca
- Department of Dermatology, Zonguldak Ataturk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Isıl Gogem Imren
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Koray Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Private Bilgi Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevser Tuncer Kara
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sami Metin
- Department of Dermatology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Selami Aykut Temiz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nazli Caf
- Department of Dermatology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ozyurt
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
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Kim S, Lee IY, Monoldorova S, Kim J, Seo JH, Yong TS, Jeon BY. Prevalence of chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea. Parasites Hosts Dis 2023; 61:263-271. [PMID: 37648231 PMCID: PMC10471477 DOI: 10.3347/phd.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) infection in the northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea. From early February to early June 2015, a total of 17,050 chiggers were collected from striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Cheorwon-gun, Hwacheon-gun, Yanggu-gun, and Goseong-gun, which are well-known endemic areas of scrub typhus in Korea. The chiggers were analyzed using molecular genomic methods, as previously described. Among the 7,964 identified chiggers, the predominant species was Leptotrombidium pallidum (76.9%), followed by L. zetum (16.4%), L. orientale (4.3%), L. palpale (0.3%), L. tectum (0.2%), and Neotrombicula tamiyai (1.8%). The chigger index (CI) was highest in Hwacheon (115.58), followed by Cheorwon (97.02), Yanggu (76.88), and Goseong (54.68). Out of the 79 O. tsutsugamushi-positive chigger pools, 67 (84.8%) were identified as the Boryong strain, 10 (12.7%) as the Youngworl strain, and only 2 were the Jecheon strain. Based on the high infestation of chiggers in striped field rodents and the high rate of O. tsutsugamushi infection in chigger mites, Hwacheon-gun and Cheorwon-gun are presumed to be high-risk areas for scrub typhus. Furthermore, L. pallidum, a major vector of scrub typhus, and the dominant O. tsutsugamushi serotype, the Boryong strain, were found in the northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493,
Korea
| | - In Yong Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Sezim Monoldorova
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493,
Korea
| | - Jiro Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493,
Korea
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Cheju Halla University, Jeju 63092,
Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Seo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644,
Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493,
Korea
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Zhang N, Wen K, Liu Y, Huang W, Liang X, Liang L. High Prevalence of Demodex Infestation is Associated With Poor Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study. Cornea 2023; 42:670-674. [PMID: 36729706 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ocular Demodex mite infection. METHOD About 381 patients with T2DM from nearby communities were enrolled, and 163 age-matched and sex-matched nondiabetic patients from the cataract clinic were included as the control group. All subjects underwent personal history and demographic data collection, ocular examination, and lash sampling, followed by microscopic identification and counting of Demodex mites. Binocular fundus photography was performed for diabetic patients. Statistical correlation between ocular Demodex infestation and T2DM and blood glucose control status was performed. RESULTS The Demodex mite infestation rate (62.5% vs. 44.8%, P < 0.001) and count [3 (0-12) vs. 2 (0-9.6), P = 0.01], especially of Demodex brevis (18.9% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.001) [0 (0-1) vs. 0 (0-0), P < 0.001], were significantly higher in the T2DM patient group than that in the control group. The ratio of Demodex brevis to Demodex folliculorum in the T2DM patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group (1:3 vs. 1:9, P < 0.001). Diabetic patients presented with more cylindrical dandruff (55.1% vs. 39.3%, P = 0.001). Ocular Demodex infestation was strongly associated with poor blood glucose control (HbA 1 c > 7%) (odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.94; P = 0.2) and female sex (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.65, P = 0.02). No association was found between Demodex infestation and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM, especially those with poor blood glucose control, tend to have a higher prevalence of ocular Demodex infestation, suggesting that high blood glucose is a risk factor for demodicosis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Ding F, Lv Y, Yin PW, Song WY, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Fan R, Peng PY, Li B, Chen T, Jin DC. Infestation of Oriental House Rat ( Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2203. [PMID: 36767570 PMCID: PMC9916238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chigger mites are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. Based on field investigations of 91 survey sites in 5 provincial regions of Southwest China, this paper reported variations of chigger infestation on the oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi) along various environmental gradients. A total of 149 chigger species were identified from 2919 R. tanezumi in the 5 provincial regions, and Leptotrombidium deliense (a major vector of scrub typhus in China) was the first dominant chigger species, followed by Ascoschoengastia indica and Walchia ewingi. Rattus tanezumi had a stable overall prevalence (PM = 21.10%), mean abundance (MA = 7.01), and mean intensity (MI = 33.20) of chiggers with the same dominant mites in the whole Southwest China in comparison with a previous report in Yunnan Province, but chigger infestations on R. tanezumi varied along different environmental gradients. Rattus tanezumi in mountainous landscape had a higher infestation load of chiggers with higher species diversity than in flatland landscape. The infestation was higher at lower altitudes and latitudes. A high intensity of vegetation coverage was associated with high infestations. The results reflect the environmental heterogeneity of chiggers on the same host species. Warm climate and high relative humidity are beneficial to chigger infestation on R. tanezumi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Peng-Wu Yin
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Wen-Yu Song
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Pei-Ying Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Bendezu-Quispe G, Rojas-Zevallos J, Rosales-Rimache J. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Demodex folliculorum Infestation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peruvian Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13582. [PMID: 36294163 PMCID: PMC9603340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demodex folliculorum is a mite that causes human demodicosis, which is characterized by producing lesions on the face, and its infestation could be associated with factors that alter the immune response, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between T2D and D. folliculorum infestation in patients attended at a hospital in Peru in 2021. METHODS A cross-sectional study enrolling patients who were classified according to the presence (n = 100) and absence (n = 100) of T2D was conducted. Information was obtained on age, sex, domestic animal husbandry, and symptoms and signs associated with demodicosis. Demodicosis was determined to be present when counts of D. folliculorum greater than five mites per cm2 were found in superficial facial skin biopsies. RESULTS A frequency of demodicosis in 76 and 35 patients with and without T2D, respectively, was observed. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders age, sex, and domestic animal husbandry, T2D was found to be associated with D. folliculorum infestation (PR: 2.13; 95% CI95: 1.42-3.19). CONCLUSIONS T2D was associated with D. folliculorum infestation. In this sense, it is important to strengthen surveillance to identify of D. folliculorum infestation in people with T2D.
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Dupray S, Blatrix R, Roy LJ, Soulié A, Dadu L, Degueldre D, Sleeckx N, Bicout DJ, Roy L. Population dynamics of a poultry hematophagous mite: characterization of the population growth and identification of factors of its slowdown using closed mesocosms. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4151-4165. [PMID: 35674477 PMCID: PMC9546284 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough knowledge of the population dynamics of pests and of the main factors affecting population growth is an important prerequisite for the development of effective control strategies. Failures of various treatments aimed at regulating populations of Dermanyssus gallinae are regularly reported in poultry farms and pullulations occur very quickly after first detection. To finely characterize population dynamics of D. gallinae, and to identify the factors modulating population growth, we conducted two successive multi-generation experiments using closed mesocosms equipped with or without automatic counters and housing a host full- or part-time (three nights per week). RESULTS Population growth was very rapid and the adult to juvenile ratio very different from the prediction by a mathematical model. A male-biased sex ratio was observed in some mesocosms from 21 days and in most mesocosms from 35 days of population growth originating from an inoculum of adult females. A dramatic slowdown in growth was measured in mesocosms equipped with trackers, where the mites' path to the host was constrained. The slowdown in population growth induced by the intermittent presence of the host compared to its full-time presence was much less marked. CONCLUSION These findings suggest avenues of research for new management methods. They question the relevance of a critical threshold based on traditional trap monitoring to manage D. gallinae. Our results highlight a unique characteristic of D. gallinae that makes it a recalcitrant case to threshold-based practices recommended for integrated pest management (IPM) against other arthropod pests. The dramatic effect of a physical constraint for the mite to access the host (unnatural constrained path) confirms an observation made in 1917 and is a reason to design perches that are less conducive to parasite traffic. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dupray
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | - Rumsais Blatrix
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | | | - Anne‐Sophie Soulié
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | - Liza Dadu
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | - David Degueldre
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | | | - Dominique J Bicout
- Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC, Grenoble Alpes University, VetAgro SupMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Lise Roy
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
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Sainsbury J, E. Nemeth T, Baldo M, Jochym M, Felman C, Goodwin M, Lumsden M, Pattemore D, Jeanplong F. Marker assisted selection for Varroa destructor resistance in New Zealand honey bees. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273289. [PMID: 36112573 PMCID: PMC9480979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is a honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite identified as one of the leading causes of overwintering colony loss in New Zealand. It has been shown that a naturally occurring heritable trait, “Varroa Sensitive Hygiene” (VSH), confers an advantage to colonies by increasing behaviours that limit the survival and reproduction of Varroa mites. The SNP 9–9224292 is an adenine/guanine (A/G) polymorphism on chromosome 9 of Apis mellifera where the G allele was observed to be associated with VSH behaviour in North American honey bees. In this study, we sought to determine if selection for the G allele of SNP 9–9224292 could decrease Varroa mite infestation of New Zealand honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) colonies. We genotyped queens and tracked their colonies over summer before measuring Varroa levels at the point of autumn Varroa treatment. The mean Varroa population level in colonies headed by queens that carry two copies of VSH associated G allele of SNP 9–9224292 was 28.5% (P<0.05) lower compared with colonies headed by queens with two copies of non-VSH associated A alleles. Although a significant reduction in mite infestation was achieved in treatment colonies, conventional Varroa treatment was still required for adequate Varroa control. Considering the open mating of queens used and a lack of drift control in this study, this VSH SNP shows promise for marker assisted selection of New Zealand honey bees when aiming for innate Varroa control traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sainsbury
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tomi E. Nemeth
- Coast to Coast Bees Limited, Te Kowhai, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Maria Baldo
- Coast to Coast Bees Limited, Te Kowhai, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mateusz Jochym
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Crystal Felman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mark Goodwin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Michael Lumsden
- Coast to Coast Bees Limited, Te Kowhai, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David Pattemore
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ferenc Jeanplong
- Coast to Coast Bees Limited, Te Kowhai, Hamilton, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Ding G, Tan Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang X. Analysis of Demodex infection rate and risk factors in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:877-884. [PMID: 36109404 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the positive rate of Demodex infection in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to analyze its risk factors. METHODS A total of 178 MGD patients admitted to the Jinan Second People's Hospital from April 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in the present study. All patients were examined for Demodex infection, and their medical history was collected. The positive rate of Demodex infection was calculated after the examination. The medical history, including age, eating habits, pet ownership, and so on, was collected. First, a univariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with positive Demodex infection, and then, a multivariate comprehensive analysis was carried out to identify the main risk factors for positive Demodex infection. RESULTS In the present study, the positive rate of Demodex infection in 178 MGD patients was 73.60%. The risk factors of Demodex infection in MGD patients were gender, pet ownership, toiletry sharing, and diabetes (all P ≤ 0.15). Age was one of the risk factors for infection [B = 0.105, OR 1.111 (95%CI 1.069-1.155), P = 0.000], and toiletry sharing was more likely to cause positive Demodex mite infection [B = 0.891, OR 2.439 (95%CI 1.066-5.577), P = 0.035]. The Demodex infection was not statistically associated with gender (P = 0.234), pet ownership (P = 1.141), and diabetes (P = 0.295). CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of Demodex infection was higher in MGD patients. The main risk factors affecting the positive rate of Demodex infection included age and toiletry sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Ayyıldız T, Çiçek M, Milletli Sezgi F, Yılmaz M. Investigation of the Relationship Between Ocular Demodex Colonization and the Conjunctival Flora. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:219-223. [PMID: 36094124 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether ocular Demodex colonization leads to changes in the conjunctival flora in healthy middle-aged individuals. METHODS This study included 70 patients who applied to an ophthalmology clinic with a complaints of presbyopia. Two eyelash specimens from the lower eyelids of both eyes were obtained from each individual. In eyelash specimens were examined for Demodex spp. by direct wet smearing under microscopy. Conjunctival culture samples were cultivated on blood agar, eosin methylene blue and chocolate agar. RESULTS In the 38.5% of the individuals, Demodex spp. mites were found in the eyelashes, out of which 11.4% were Demodex brevis and 27.1% Demodex folliculorum. Bacterial growth was observed in 82.9% of the samples examined. The most frequently detected bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis (57%). CONCLUSION Although Demodex spp. infestation has been shown to be related to diseases on ocular surface of eyes such as pterygium, xerophthalmia and chalazion, we did not observe that it induces changes in ocular surface flora in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ayyıldız
- Bursa Şehir Hastanesi, Göz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Muttalip Çiçek
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kırşehir, Türkiye
| | | | - Mevlüt Yılmaz
- Ankara Ulucanlar Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Göz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Ankara, Türkiye
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Grunert RKA, Kunkel MR, Radisic R, Nemeth NM, Burrell CE, Shender LA, Guzman-Vargas V, Cunningham MW, Yabsley MJ. Notoedric mange (Notoedres centrifera) in two species of free-ranging rabbits from Florida, USA. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 33:100748. [PMID: 35820720 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mange is a contagious skin disease caused by different mite species affecting numerous domestic and wild animals, worldwide. This report details notoedric mange in an eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and in a marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris) from Florida, USA. Clinical examination revealed similar gross lesions including poor nutritional condition, multifocal alopecia and hyperkeratosis. Skin scrapings from both rabbits revealed numerous subcutaneous mites identified as Notoedres centrifera, a species previously only associated with rodents, primarily squirrels. Mites from both rabbits were identified based on morphology and confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region. These cases emphasize the need for continued surveillance and accurate diagnostic evaluation to determine the cause and characterization of the skin disease, while distinguishing it from other potential pathogens that may manifest similarly in rabbits, such as Notoedres cati, Sarcoptes scabiei or Psoroptes cuniculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K A Grunert
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Melanie R Kunkel
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca Radisic
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Caitlin E Burrell
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A Shender
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | | | - Mark W Cunningham
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Veloso FP, Rodrigues FDS, Madureira RC, Piranda EM, Tavares LER, Paiva F. Raillietia auris (Mesostigmata: Raillietiidae) in cattle in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e003122. [PMID: 35674533 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic otitis in cattle, caused by mites, has been reported from several continents. The present study aimed to determine the distribution, prevalence, intensity, mean intensity, and range of the agent in cattle in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The samples were designed at random, with an acceptable margin of error of 3% and a confidence interval of 99%. A total of 449 animals were sampled immediately after slaughter from 34 different municipalities in the state using the technique of flushing both ear canals. Only Raillietia auris (Leidy, 1872) were found, with a prevalence of 98.6%, mean intensity of 53.78 mites/animal, and a range of 1-323. Impressively, the prevalence found was identical to another survey carried out 39 years ago in the same region. Details about the parasite intensity in different age categories of the animals are presented. The study demonstrates that the prevalence and intensity of infestation by Raillietia auris are high, and in older cattle are higher than young ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Paula Veloso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Eliane Mattos Piranda
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Paiva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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Erdal B, Albayrak H. Investigation of the Prevalence of Demodex spp. in Dermatological Diseases. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:54-59. [PMID: 35232707 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.93685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increase in the counts of the Demodex mites that exist in the microbiota of healthy individuals may lead to some dermatological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Demodex spp. among patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, and pityriasis folliculorum and the relationship between the demographic and clinical data of such patients and Demodex. METHODS This study included 144 patients (70 with acne vulgaris, 6 with pityriasis folliculorum, 15 with seborrheic dermatitis, 39 with rosacea, 8 with eczema, and 6 with perioral dermatitis) and 73 healthy subjects. We evaluated Demodex positivity using the standard superficial skin biopsy method in all groups. The presence of more than five Demodex mites per square centimeter was considered positive at the diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 144 patients included in the study, 107 (74.3%) were female, and 37 (25.7%) were male, while 40 (54.8%) of the 73 healthy subjects were female, and 33 (45.2%) were male. Twenty-one patients (14.5%) and five of the healthy subjects (6.8%) tested positive for Demodex. We found that Demodex positivity rates in the rosacea and acne vulgaris groups were higher than in the control group. However, this level was not statistically significant (p>0.05). We found the highest positivity rate among the patient groups in the pityriasis folliculorum (4/6, 66.7%), rosacea (8/39, 20.5%), and perioral dermatitis (1/6, 16.7%) groups. Lastly, we found no statistically significant relationship between the demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups and Demodex positivity (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The present study is the only study that investigated Demodex positivity in six different dermatological diseases. Based on the results, we believe that investigating Demodex spp. positivity in dermatological diseases such as acne vulgaris, rosacea, and pityriasis folliculorum would be beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Erdal
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Hülya Albayrak
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
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Badawi Yousif A, Abdel-Aal AA, El-Tawab Sabry AEHA, Hashem El-Naggar AA, Masoud M, Mohamed S, M Shaapan R, M M Mohamed FA. Demodex Mites in Relation to the Degree of Acne Vulgaris among Egyptian Patients. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:406-414. [PMID: 35638511 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.406.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Demodex</i> mites are considered to play a pathogenic role in facial dermatoses as <i>Acne vulgaris</i>. In this study the association between <i>Acne vulgaris</i> and <i>Demodex</i> spp. intensity, kind and activity were investigated. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Two degrees of acne was included, mild acne (30 cases) and moderate to severe acne (30 cases), besides 30 healthy subjects as a control. Deep skin scraping followed by direct microscopic detection was applied to diagnose demodicosis. <b>Results:</b> All the detected mites in moderate to severe acne were <i>D. folliculorum</i> which was observed in a highly dynamic status with their entire life cycle stages with intensity >5 mites per cm<sup><a href="2246157_ja">2</a></sup>. While very few inactive <i>D. brevis</i> mites were detected in the 2 subjects related to the control group<i>. </i>Despite that females comprised the majority of acne cases, males encompassed a statistically higher number than females among positive demodicosis cases. Itching and hair loss were the significant clinical signs within positive cases. Regarding risk factors, oily skins, repeated exposure to the sun, stressful lifestyle plus defective use of facial cleansers were found to be statistically significant. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results attained an association between moderate to severe acne and energetic <i>D. folliculorum</i> entire population. Thus, this study recommended lifestyle's modification for those cases suffering from <i>Acne vulgaris</i> with deep facial cleaning to avoid such infestation that worsens acne condition. Accordingly, once acne treatments are ineffective, consideration of <i>Demodex</i> mites with the needed acaricidal therapy is necessary.
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Stekolnikov AA, Shamsi M, Saboori A, Zahedi Golpayegani A, Hakimitabar M. Distribution of chigger mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) over hosts, parasitopes, collection localities, and seasons in northern Iran. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 86:21-47. [PMID: 34816333 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of chigger mite species over mammal hosts, attachment sites on the host body, habitats, and seasons in Iran. The study was based on 2155 specimens of 36 chigger species collected from 10 species of Muridae, Cricetidae, and Soricidae across six provinces of northern Iran. A high level of mixed infestation by chiggers was recorded-76% of hosts parasitized by chiggers were infested by more than one (2-8) species. Statistically significant differences in the preference for anterior and posterior parts of the host body were found. Three species-Neotrombicula lubrica, N. delijani, and Cheladonta firdousii-preferred the posterior part of the host body; 12 species were characterized by the occurrence in the anterior part and differed from one another by the frequency of presence in the posterior part. One species, Hirsutiella alpina, was found only in the anterior part of the host body (inside the ears of rodents). The most diverse chigger fauna was on the fringe of Golestan National Park (species richness = 21, Shannon-Wiener index = 2.823). The chigger fauna of the high-mountain localities on the Alborz Range was the least diverse (species richness = 16, Shannon-Wiener index = 2.439). The seasonal aspect of activity was evident for Neotrombicula elegans, which exposed the autumn-winter period of the occurrence on hosts, and N. vernalis, with the winter-spring peak of abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Shamsi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Saboori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Hakimitabar
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Ren TG, Zhang L, Fan R, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Mao KY, Huang XB, Qian TJ. A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China. Korean J Parasitol 2021; 59:625-634. [PMID: 34974669 PMCID: PMC8721306 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (PM=3.4%), overall mean abundance (MA=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (MI=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with CSS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
- Corresponding author ()
| | - Tian-Guang Ren
- Nursing College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Ke-Yu Mao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Ti-Jun Qian
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
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Gutiérrez B, Soto R, Catalán A, Araya JE, Fuentes M, González J. Demodex folliculorum (Trombidiformes: Demodicidae) and Demodex brevis Prevalence in an Extreme Environment of Chile. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2067-2074. [PMID: 34331059 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mites of the genus Demodex and their associations with host age, gender, workplace, and comorbid skin and ocular conditions were studied in participants in Antofagasta, Chile, which is in a region with an extreme environment. We examined 680 participants aged 18-88 yr using standardized surface skin biopsies. Among them, Demodex had a prevalence of 13.5 % (95% confidence interval, 10.88-16.17). A slightly higher prevalence was observed in males (51.1%; 95% confidence interval, 40.9-61.3; nonsignificant) and participants in the 69-88 yr age group (50.0%; 95% confidence interval, 23.8-76.2; P < 0.05). Regarding the species involved, Demodex folliculorum was found in 89.1% (CI 82.7-95.5) of cases, while D. brevis was found in the remaining 10.9% of cases. A higher prevalence (25.0% CI 16.1-33.91) was observed in participants who worked indoors in generally enclosed and dust-rich environments (such as theaters, libraries, and administrative offices). There was also a strong association between Demodex prevalence and conjunctival hyperemia, with 35.9% (95% confidence interval, 9.1-35; OR 17.9) of the Demodex positive participants having this pathology compared to 10.3% of the noninfested participants. In summary, the prevalence of Demodex in Antofagasta, Chile (13.5%) was toward the lower end of the range reported among other regions around the world. Environmental factors such as exposure to the sun (including ultraviolet rays) or environmental pollution may affect the mites. In addition, Demodex genetics (related to virulence) and the ocular or skin microbiota may positively or negatively influence infestation and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessy Gutiérrez
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Soto
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alejandro Catalán
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge E Araya
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Margarita Fuentes
- Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
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Huang C, Chen S, Fu S, Li Y, Li Z, Li S, Liang X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Deng Q, Yi G, Fu M. A Survey on How Ocular Surface Demodex Infestation Interactively Associates with Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1039-1047. [PMID: 33813654 PMCID: PMC8390423 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prevention of ocular surface (OS) Demodex infestation plays an important role in OS hygiene and variety of factors may be associated with it, in which diabetes mellitus (DM) or dry eye disease (DED) has caught the attention of most scholars. However, there has been no research on whether there was a potential interaction between DM and DED in the process of OS Demodex infestation. This cross-sectional study was implemented in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. METHODS Ophthalmologic interviews, questionnaires, and examinations were conducted. Factors including general information, DM status, dry eye condition, etc. were collected to study the correlation of DM and DED on OS Demodex infestation. RESULTS After statistical analysis, we found that both DM (P < 0.001) and DED (P = 0.013 < 0.05) are closely associated with OS Demodex infestation. Compared with DED, DM has higher priority association with OS Demodex infestation, and patients with both diseases have a significant higher risk of OS Demodex infestation (R = 0.197, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, age (R = 0.299, P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.05) were also correlated with OS Demodex infestation. CONCLUSION This study provides a new evidence-based basis for clinical prevention and management of OS Demodex infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Huang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Fu
- The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihong Wang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhoucheng Wang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qixin Deng
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Industrial Avenue Center, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cheng AM, Hwang J, Dermer H, Galor A. Prevalence of Ocular Demodicosis in an Older Population and Its Association With Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye. Cornea 2021; 40:995-1001. [PMID: 32956104 PMCID: PMC7981278 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate associations between Demodex and its symptoms and ocular surface parameters in individuals with dry eye (DE). METHODS A cross-sectional study of 119 individuals with DE symptoms or signs, grouped by the presence of ocular demodicosis, was performed. All individuals filled out questionnaires and underwent an ocular surface examination. Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms profiles, and ocular surface parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine which factors were associated with DE symptoms. Receiver operating curves analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between Demodex quantity and specific clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Demodex was highly prevalent in our population (68.9%) with average counts of 4.2 ± 3.9. Individuals with and without Demodex had comparable demographics. Overall, symptoms profiles were similar between individuals with and without Demodex using the Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 and Ocular Surface Disease Index. Individuals with Demodex, however, were more likely to report itching (58.5% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.03), with increasing frequency in those with higher Demodex counts. Individuals with Demodex also had more severe eyelid abnormalities [cylindrical dandruff (CD) and lid vascularity] and a more unstable tear film but similar tear production and corneal staining when compared with individuals without Demodex. Neither Demodex nor ocular surface findings related to DE symptoms in multivariable analyses. Receiver operating curves analysis revealed Demodex counts ≥2 maximized sensitivity and specificity for both itching (64.7% and 59.0%, respectively) and CD (80.4% and 60.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Demodex is highly prevalent in an older population with DE. Symptom of itching and CD were the findings most specific for Demodex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Mansim Cheng
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jodi Hwang
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harrison Dermer
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Koç N, Nalbantoğlu S. Evaluation of in-house factors affecting the population distribution of Dermanyssus gallinae in cage and backyard rearing systems by using a modified monitoring method. Exp Appl Acarol 2021; 84:529-541. [PMID: 34156563 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite, PRM) is a main ectoparasite of poultry that represents a serious economic threat to all farming systems, including cages and backyard flocks. In recent years, economic losses associated with this ectoparasite have progressively increased, mainly because of the lack of information regarding its population dynamics and appropriate control methods. In this study, we used a modified monitoring method to examine the in-house factors affecting the population density of D. gallinae. PRMs have been found in all poultry houses examined in Turkey. The largest population was detected in the front and back parts of the middle rows in cage systems as well as in perches in backyard systems. Relative humidity, light, and temperature might be the most affecting factors on the mite distribution inside the poultry houses. Besides, the mite populations are influenced mainly by the last (chemical) treatment date and the construction materials of the building. Dermanyssus gallinae were found to be the most dominant mite species (98.9%), followed by Cheyletus sp. (Cheyletidae); also some Acaridae (Tyrophagus spp.) and Oribatida were identified. Hence, further research on Cheyletus sp. is required to elucidate their predatory potential and develop future control strategies. This study contributes to understanding the PRM population behavior in poultry houses as well as their monitoring and control methods, which are key components in the appropriate application of integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiye Koç
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Nalbantoğlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
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Nixon EJ, Brooks-Pollock E, Wall R. Sheep scab spatial distribution: the roles of transmission pathways. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:344. [PMID: 34187531 PMCID: PMC8243883 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is a highly pathogenic contagious infection caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis. Following 21 years in which scab was eradicated in the UK, it was inadvertently reintroduced in 1972 and, despite the implementation of a range of control methods, its prevalence increased steadily thereafter. Recent reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactone treatments may further exacerbate control problems. A better understanding of the factors that facilitate its transmission are required to allow improved management of this disease. Transmission of infection occurs within and between contiguous sheep farms via infected sheep-to-sheep or sheep-environment contact and through long-distance movements of infected sheep, such as through markets. METHODS A stochastic metapopulation model was used to investigate the impact of different transmission routes on the spatial pattern of outbreaks. A range of model scenarios were considered following the initial infection of a cluster of highly connected contiguous farms. RESULTS Scab spreads between clusters of neighbouring contiguous farms after introduction but when long-distance movements are excluded, infection then self-limits spatially at boundaries where farm connectivity is low. Inclusion of long-distance movements is required to generate the national patterns of disease spread observed. CONCLUSIONS Preventing the movement of scab infested sheep through sales and markets is essential for any national management programme. If effective movement control can be implemented, regional control in geographic areas where farm densities are high would allow more focussed cost-effective scab management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joanne Nixon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Ellen Brooks-Pollock
- Veterinary Public Health, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5EZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Alfonso-Toledo JA, Paredes-León R. Molecular and Morphological Identification of Dermanyssoid Mites (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea) Causatives of a Parasitic Outbreak on Captive Snakes. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:246-251. [PMID: 33432352 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A parasitic outbreak caused by dermanyssoid mites in a herpetarium of the Metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico is revealed. This outbreak was caused by Hemilaelaps triangulus (Ewing), but a second mite species, Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais), was found in low abundance. The parasitic load is analyzed, and the morphological and molecular diagnostic characters to identify each of the two species involved are given. A barcode analysis is presented, and two more molecular markers are presented and analyzed. Hemilaelaps triangulus is recorded for the first time in Mexico, and this is the first record of massive infestation on captive snakes caused by ixodorhynchid mites, and DNA sequences of ixodorhynchid mites are publicly available for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Alfonso-Toledo
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P., México
| | - Ricardo Paredes-León
- Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito zona deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P., México
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Correa Fontt J, Mena Oliva M, Pérez Campos C, Alburquenque Ossandón C. Response to comment on: «Prevalence of Demodex spp. in eyelashes of a university s population in Santiago, Chile». Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2020; 95:620-621. [PMID: 32873475 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Correa Fontt
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Mena Oliva
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Pérez Campos
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Alburquenque Ossandón
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
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Fau C, Nabzo S, Nasabun V. Comment on: «Prevalence of Demodex spp. in eyelashes of a universitýs population in Santiago, Chile». Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2020; 95:619-620. [PMID: 32873476 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Fau
- Fundación Oftalmológica 2020, Iberoamerican Cochrane Network, Santiago, Chile.
| | - S Nabzo
- Fundación Oftalmológica 2020, Iberoamerican Cochrane Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Nasabun
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Canto-Osorio JM, Cuxim-Koyoc A, Ruiz-Piña HA, Morales-Malacara JB, Reyes-Novelo E. Ectoparasites of Didelphis virginiana From Yucatan, Mexico. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1821-1829. [PMID: 32504090 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A faunal study is presented to determine the species of ectoparasites found in the opossum Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). For this, Tomahawk traps were placed in the peridomiciles of a rural town in Yucatán, to capture individuals of this marsupial and proceed to the collection of their ectoparasites. A total of 3,023 arthropods were collected from 145 opossums. The most frequent ectoparasites were the acarines Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) nr. talaje (64.8%) (Argasidae); Ornithonyssus wernecki Fonseca (53.8%) (Macronyssidae) and Didelphilicus serrifer Fain (25.5%) (Atopomelidae); the ticks Amblyomma parvum Aragão (8.3%) and A. mixtum Koch (10.3%) (Ixodidae); and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (20.7%) and Pulex simulans Baker (8.3%) (Pulicidae). It is concluded that the ectoparasite fauna of this marsupial is mainly composed of euryxenous organisms, which have been documented as vectors of diseases caused by rickettsial bacteria. Since D. virginiana is widely adapted to the peridomiciliary environment in the region, this study allows recognizing those that represent a potential risk for the transmission of vector-borne zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Canto-Osorio
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Alan Cuxim-Koyoc
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Hugo A Ruiz-Piña
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Juan B Morales-Malacara
- Laboratorio de Espeleobiología y Acarología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Enrique Reyes-Novelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Murillo AC, Mullens BA. Collecting and Monitoring for Northern Fowl Mite (Acari: Macronyssidae) and Poultry Red Mite (Acari: Dermanyssidae) in Poultry Systems. J Insect Sci 2020; 20:5948082. [PMID: 33135759 PMCID: PMC7604837 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The two most economically important poultry ectoparasites are the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer). Both mites are obligate blood feeders but differ in where they reside. Sampling methods thus focus on-host, especially the vent feathers, for northern fowl mite and off-host, especially cracks and crevices near the nighttime roosting areas, for poultry red mite. Much remains unknown, however, about the basic biology and ecology of both mites. Here we discuss mite detection, quantification, and decision making and provide thoughts on future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Murillo
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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36
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Matthee S, Stekolnikov AA, van der Mescht L, Froeschke G, Morand S. The diversity and distribution of chigger mites associated with rodents in the South African savanna. Parasitology 2020; 147:1038-1047. [PMID: 32364099 PMCID: PMC10317680 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chigger mites (Trombiculidae) are temporary habitat-specific ectoparasites that often occur on rodents. Little ecological data are available on chiggers associated with rodents in South Africa. The study aims were to (1) record the chigger species associated with rodents in the savanna, (2) assess if chigger species display parasitope preference on the rodent body and (3) compare the distribution of chigger species in natural, agricultural and urban habitats. Rodents (n = 314) belonging to eight genera were trapped in the savanna biome during 2014 and 2015. Twelve chigger species, of which five are recently described species, were recorded from 161 rodent hosts. The data include three new country locality records. Microtrombicula mastomyia was the most prevalent species across sampling seasons and habitat types. Significant parasitope preference was recorded for two species, with the ear, face and tail base some of the preferred attachment sites. Sampling season and habitat type had a significant effect on chigger communities with summer and agricultural habitats recording the highest species richness, while the highest species diversity was recorded in natural habitats. The study contributes to our current knowledge regarding rodent-associated chigger diversity and distribution in South Africa and further highlights the importance of environmental characteristics in shaping chigger communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Matthee
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Luther van der Mescht
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Götz Froeschke
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Serge Morand
- CNRS – ISEM Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD – Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Katsetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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37
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Oh SI, Do YJ, Kim E, Yi SW, Yoo JG. Prevalence of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in Korean layer farms and the presence of avian pathogens in the mite. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:223-238. [PMID: 32435982 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a blood-feeding parasite of layer hens and a potential vector of several avian infectious agents. High infestation with D. gallinae in layer farm buildings could result in economic losses, and the mites may act as a reservoir of avian pathogens within farms. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of D. gallinae in layer farm buildings in Korea and to investigate avian pathogens in the collected mites. The mite samples were collected from 36 Korean layer farm buildings on 21 farms nationwide. Information obtained from each farm building included the flock size, flock age, methods for controlling D. gallinae, and cleaning status. Association between these variables and the population density of D. gallinae was analyzed. Additionally, the presence of 10 avian pathogens was assessed using DNA samples from mites collected in 16 farm buildings. The prevalence of D. gallinae was 75% at the farm building level (90.5% at the farm level). Repetitive cleaning procedures for each building were significantly related with the mite infestation level, and the most influential factor for determining the mite population in the layer farm buildings. In the 16 DNA samples, we detected avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (n = 6), wild-type fowlpox virus (n = 3), wild-type Marek's disease virus (n = 2), chicken anemia virus (n = 1), and fowl adenovirus (n = 1). These findings suggest that repetitive cleaning procedures for the layer farm buildings could decrease the numbers of D. gallinae which may transmit avian pathogens within the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Yi
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Ávila MY, Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Rizo Madrid C. Topical ivermectin-metronidazole gel therapy in the treatment of blepharitis caused by Demodex spp.: A randomized clinical trial. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 44:101326. [PMID: 32461053 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of topical ivermectin-metronidazole combined therapy in the management of Demodex-associatedblepharitis. METHODS Sixty patients with a diagnosis of Demodex-associatedblepharitis were recruited in a randomized clinical trial. Thirty receiving topical ivermectin (0.1%)-metronidazole (1%) gel treatment on days 0, 15 and 30. Thirty additional patients were used as a control group receiving vehicle on days 0, 15 and 30. The primary efficacy measure was the number of Demodex spp. mitesin the eyelashes of patients. The secondary outcomes included clinical improvement of signs and adverse events. RESULTS Complete eradication of Demodex spp. was found in 96.6% of patients in the treatment group. Furthermore, a significant reduction of inflammation signs were found in all treated patients versus controls. None of the patients experienced any adverse effects associated with the treatment. CONCLUSION Demodex infection was controlled satisfactorily with the ivermectin (0.1%)-metronidazole (1%) gel, and no adverse effects were observed. Application of this gel for the treatment of different parasitic infections of the eyelids could be feasible, and this requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Y Ávila
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
| | | | - Carolina Rizo Madrid
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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Abstract
Pet hedgehog medicine and surgery is a rapidly evolving field, with some novel conditions and re-emerging diseases being reported in the literature in recent years. Skin disease and neoplasia are commonly found in African pygmy hedgehogs worldwide. Selected new and emerging diseases occurring in these commonly reported groups are discussed in greater detail, focusing on Caparinia tripilis infestation and brain tumors. This article primarily discusses African pygmy hedgehogs, with some reference to European free-living hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Keeble
- The Dick Vet Rabbit and Exotic Practice, The University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Bronwyn Koterwas
- The Dick Vet Rabbit and Exotic Practice, The University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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40
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Maeda T, Sakamoto Y. Range expansion of the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) among Japanese honey bee, Apis cerana japonica, in Japan. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 80:477-490. [PMID: 32253641 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acarapis woodi, a parasitic mite of honey bees, was first detected in Japan in 2010. Infestation was mostly observed in the Japanese honey bee (Apis cerana japonica) and was rare in the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). By 2014, the mites had spread throughout central and eastern Japan. In the current study, we investigated the subsequent expansion of the mite to western Japan. Our research revealed that the mites were distributed across most of Japan by 2018, except for Wakayama and Kochi prefectures. Many small remote islands more than 20 km away from mainland Japan are still free of A. woodi, but bees on some of these islands were infested. About 40% of colonies of the Japanese honey bee in Japan were infested by the mites, and average mite prevalence of the infested colonies was about 50% during the 6-year study. There was no trend of decline in the infested colony proportion or in the mite prevalence. In addition, the observation of Japanese honey bee colonies by hobby beekeepers for two signs of mite infestation, K-wing and crawling bees, was an effective means for estimating infestation by tracheal mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Maeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0851, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Sakamoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Demirkazık M, Koltaş İS. Blepharitis Caused by Demodex. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2020; 44:21-24. [PMID: 32212585 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demodicosis is a Skin disease in humans caused by Demodex folliculorum (D. folliculorum) and Demodex brevis (D.brevis) mites. Demodex infestation is mostly located in sebaceous and meibomian glands in the hair follicles. The aim of this study was to determine the age and sex distribution of Demodex infestation in patients with blepharitis. METHODS Between 2011-2018, eyelashes from 335 patients with blepharitis, visual impairment or conjunctivitis attached to the cellophane tape were sent to the laboratory of Department of Medical Parasitology in Çukurova University Medical Faculty and were examined within 1 hour. RESULTS D. folliculorum was detected in 143 (42.6%) of the 335 patients. Of the patients in whom D. folliculorum was detected, 50 (35%) were female and 93 (65%) were male. The mean age of patients with D. folliculorum was 64.1 years and the mean age of patients without D. folliculorum was 52.7 years. CONCLUSION In patients with blepharitis, the incidence of Demodex increases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Demirkazık
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Adana, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Soner Koltaş
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Adana, Türkiye
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Briceño C, González-Acuña D, Jiménez JE, Bornscheuer ML, Funk SM, Knapp LA. EAR MITES, OTODECTES CYNOTIS, ON WILD FOXES ( PSEUDALOPEX SPP.) IN CHILE. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:105-112. [PMID: 31329523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We found the ear mite parasite (Otodectes cynotis; Acari: Psoroptidae) in two distant insular endangered fox populations in Chile. We identified O. cynotis in both the Darwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes) from Chiloé and the Fuegian culpeo (Pseudalopex culpaeus lycoides) in Tierra del Fuego. These populations are approximately 2,000 km apart. Infestation rates were high for both endemic foxes: 76% (19/25) of Darwin's foxes were affected, and 73% (11/15) of Fuegian culpeos had ear mites. Two Darwin's foxes had abundant ear discharge, and one of these also exhibited secondary infections of Morganella morganii and Geotrichum sp. fungi. Mites were characterized molecularly as Otodectes spp. for the Fuegian culpeo samples. Genetic analyses of two mites found the O. cynotis genotype I, as well as what appeared to be a new allele sequence for O. cynotis. These results confirmed the hypothesis of a worldwide distribution species of ear mite. Introduced chilla foxes (Pseudalopex griseus; n=11) on Tierra del Fuego Island and domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; n=379) from both islands were also sampled, but they showed no signs of infection. Our findings provided insight into the genetic diversity, the origins, and the possible impact of this globally distributed mite on endemic free-ranging populations of foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Briceño
- ConserLab, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | | | - Jaime E Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - María Loreto Bornscheuer
- ConserLab, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Stephan M Funk
- Nature Heritage, St. Lawrence, Jersey JE3 1, Channel Islands
- Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Leslie A Knapp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Melekhovets OK, Radko AS, Orlovskiy VF, Melekhovets IV, Kharchenko TO. Poikilocytosis in the acne vulgaris comorbidity with demodicosis and functional gallbladder disorder. Wiad Lek 2020; 73:289-292. [PMID: 32248161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of poikilocytosis in the acne vulgaris comorbidity with demodicosis and functional gallbladder disorder. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The study included 140 people with a diagnosis of moderate acne: group 1 - patients with AV, group 2 - patients with AV + Demodicosis, group3- AV + Demodicosis + functional gallbladder disorder (FGD). Biochemical analysis of lipid profile and liver enzymes, bilirubin was performed with semi-automatic analyzer HUMALYZER 3000. Scanning electron microscopy was performed using scanning electron microscope PEI-106I "SELMI". Ultrasound investigation was carried out by the SonoScape S6Pro US-diagnostic system with 3 - 5 MHz Ultrasound Probe Transducer С354. RESULTS Results: The most significant changes in blood erythrocytes morphology were observed in patients with comorbidity of acne, demodicosis and FGD with highest increasing of deformed erythrocytes up to 21%, mainly due to echinocytes І, ІІ order. Correlation analysis has revealed a strong direct association r = +0.75 (p < 0.05) between the poikilocytosis and comorbidity of acne vulgaris with demodicosis and FGD. CONCLUSION Conclusions: A strong direct association between acne vulgaris comorbid pathology and the increased number of deformation shapes of erythrocytes confirms the impact of FGD on morphological characteristics of erythrocytes and developing of poikilocytosis.
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Skoracki M, Sikora B, Hromada M. First Record of Quill Mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) Living in the Quill Walls of Parrots. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1610-1613. [PMID: 31206583 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quill mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) are a family of about 400 ectoparasite species known to infest birds for over 140 yr. All previously identified quill mites occur in the calamus, a cavity of the bird feather, where they spent their entire life except for a short dispersion period. In this study, we report the first record of quill mites dwelling in the quill walls during their entire life cycle. In short, we found all of the different life stages of the species Lawrencipicobia poicephali (Skoracki & Dabert 2002) (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) in the quill wall in 33 host individuals of six different host species from many different locations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hosts were collected over a time period spanning more than 70 yr. Lastly, we report six new avian hosts for this ectoparasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Skoracki
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, novembra, Prešov
| | - Bozena Sikora
- Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, novembra, Prešov
| | - Martin Hromada
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, prof. Szafrana, Zielona Góra, Poland
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Sturgess-Osborne C, Burgess S, Mitchell S, Wall R. Multiple resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 272:79-82. [PMID: 31395209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The astigmatid mite Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Proroptidae) causes the highly contagious and debilitating ovine disease, sheep scab. This ectoparasitic infection has a high economic and animal welfare impact on British sheep farming. Following recent work demonstrating resistance of Psoroptes mites to moxidectin, a widely used macrocyclic lactone (ML) treatment for scab, the current study compared the toxicity of three of the commonly administered macrocylic lactone therapeutic treatments (moxidectin, ivermectin and doramectin) to P. ovis from outbreak populations that had appeared unresponsive to treatment. These outbreak populations were from Wales and south west England. The data presented demonstrate that there is resistance to all three available ML compounds in populations of Psoroptes mites. However, considerable variation in response suggested that resistance alone was not responsible for the reported lack of efficacy in all of the submitted cases; lack of response in others may be associated with inappropriate treatment application or management. These data highlight the importance of the appropriate use of these compounds to manage national scab incidence at levels that are consistent with acceptable animal welfare standards, while attempting to reduce the development and spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sturgess-Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - S Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - S Mitchell
- APHA Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - R Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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Kaya OA, Akkucuk S, Ilhan G, Guneri CO, Mumcuoglu K. The Importance of Demodex Mites (Acari: Demodicidae) in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:599-602. [PMID: 30576478 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although demodicosis caused by Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis is widely seen throughout the world, the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully known. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Demodex mites in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is not known. SCA is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production and suppression of the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and Demodex density in SCA patients and to compare with healthy subjects. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with SCA and control group of 50 healthy individuals. Samples were taken from cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin and were examined microscopically. Infestation of ≥5 mites/cm2 was accepted as positive in the diagnosis. Demodex mite positivity was determined in 20 (28.6%) patients and none in subjects of the control group. In the SCA group, the mean number of mites was 26.10/cm2. A statistically significant correlation was found between Demodex mite positivity and the number of SCA symptom attacks experienced by the patients within the last 1 yr (P ≤ 0.001). No significant relationship was determined between Demodex mite positivity and age or gender (P = 0.56 and P = 0.11, respectively). Demodex mites are seen more often in SCA patients who suffer from a compromised immune system, and the presence of Demodex mites could be a risk factor in the appearance of SCA symptom attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Aycan Kaya
- Department of Parasitology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Antakya/Hatay, Turkey
| | - Serife Akkucuk
- Department of Parasitology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Antakya/Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gul Ilhan
- Department of Hematology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Antakya/Hatay, Turkey
| | - Cansu Onlen Guneri
- Department of Microbiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Antakya/Hatay, Turkey
| | - Kosta Mumcuoglu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel
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Trejo-Palacios SJ, Martínez-Salazar EA, Rosas-Valdez R, Paredes-León R. A New Species of Morelacarus (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Leeuwenhoekiidae) Associated With Sceloporus grammicus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) From the Mexican Plateau, Zacatecas, Mexico. J Parasitol 2019; 105:85-91. [PMID: 30807728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of chigger mites, Morelacarus uazi n. sp., parasitizing lizards of the species Sceloporus grammicus from Mazapil, Zacatecas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This new taxon differs from other species of the genus by having a palpal claw with 4 subequal paired prongs, and it can be further distinguished by the combination of the following characters: presence of onychotriches and mastitarsala III, absence of mastitibiala III, subterminala I, and parasubterminala I, and the palpal setal formula B/B/BBb. Additionally, an identification key for the species of the genus Morelacarus is presented. The new species represents the seventh species assigned to the genus and the first species described from a Mexican lizard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana J Trejo-Palacios
- 1 Laboratorio de Colecciones Biológicas y Sistemática Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Avenida Preparatoria S/N, Campus Universitario II, Col. Agronómica, Zacatecas C.P. 98066, Zacatecas, México
- 2 Student of Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Académica en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Avenida Preparatoria S/N, Campus Universitario II, Col. Agronómica, Zacatecas C.P. 98066, Zacatecas, México
| | - Elizabeth A Martínez-Salazar
- 1 Laboratorio de Colecciones Biológicas y Sistemática Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Avenida Preparatoria S/N, Campus Universitario II, Col. Agronómica, Zacatecas C.P. 98066, Zacatecas, México
| | - Rogelio Rosas-Valdez
- 1 Laboratorio de Colecciones Biológicas y Sistemática Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Avenida Preparatoria S/N, Campus Universitario II, Col. Agronómica, Zacatecas C.P. 98066, Zacatecas, México
| | - Ricardo Paredes-León
- 3 Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Rodkvamtook W, Kuttasingkee N, Linsuwanon P, Sudsawat Y, Richards AL, Somsri M, Sangjun N, Chao CC, Davidson S, Wanja E, Gaywee J. Scrub Typhus Outbreak in Chonburi Province, Central Thailand, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:361-365. [PMID: 29350148 PMCID: PMC5782907 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of a scrub typhus outbreak in Thailand during September 2013 found that 9.1% of Thai soldiers and 11.1% of residents living in areas surrounding training sites had antibodies against the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Sequence analysis of O. tsutsugamushi from rodents and chiggers identified 7 genogroups and 3 genotypes.
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Seguel M, Calderón K, Colegrove K, Adkesson M, Cárdenas-Alayza S, Paredes E. Helminth and respiratory mite lesions in Pinnipeds from Punta San Juan, Peru. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:839-844. [PMID: 30367764 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The tissues and parasites collected from Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) found dead at Punta San Juan, Peru were examined. The respiratory mite, Orthohalarachne attenuata infected 3 out of 32 examined fur seals and 3 out of 8 examined sea lions, however caused moderate to severe lymphohistiocytic pharyngitis only in fur seals. Hookworms, Uncinaria sp, infected 6 of the 32 examined fur seals causing variable degrees of hemorrhagic and eosinophilic enteritis. This parasite caused the death of 2 of these pups. In fur seals and sea lions, Corynosoma australe and Contracaecum osculatum were not associated with significant tissue alterations in the intestine and stomach respectively. Respiratory mites and hookworms have the potential to cause disease and mortality among fur seals, while parasitic infections do not impact significatively the health of sea lions at Punta San Juan, Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Karla Calderón
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú.Lima, Peru
- Centro para Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.Av. Armendáriz 445, Lima 18, Perú
| | - Kathleen Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Brookfield, IL, 60513, USA
| | - Michael Adkesson
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Susana Cárdenas-Alayza
- Centro para Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.Av. Armendáriz 445, Lima 18, Perú
| | - Enrique Paredes
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja s/n, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
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Moniuszko H, Felska M, Mąkol J. Evidence for co-invasion events: different chigger species (Actinotrichida, Trombidioidea: trombiculidae) share a host. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 76:29-39. [PMID: 30206798 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cases of co-invasion of various chigger species parasitizing murids and cricetids in various habitats were analysed using morphological and molecular approaches. Here we provide evidence for 25 new cases of co-parasitism of chigger mites on rodent hosts (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus agrarius) accounting for 8.6% of all host-parasite associations observed in this study. The results confirm higher incidence of co-parasitism in vertebrate-associated Parasitengona mites compared to arthropod-associated ones. Among factors influencing the occurrence of co-parasitism in Trombiculidae the body constitution and year-round availability of hosts associated with lower host specificity of larvae should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Moniuszko
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Felska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Mąkol
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
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