1
|
Sturgess-Osborne C, Burgess S, Mitchell S, Wall R. Multiple resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 272:79-82. [PMID: 31395209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The astigmatid mite Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Proroptidae) causes the highly contagious and debilitating ovine disease, sheep scab. This ectoparasitic infection has a high economic and animal welfare impact on British sheep farming. Following recent work demonstrating resistance of Psoroptes mites to moxidectin, a widely used macrocyclic lactone (ML) treatment for scab, the current study compared the toxicity of three of the commonly administered macrocylic lactone therapeutic treatments (moxidectin, ivermectin and doramectin) to P. ovis from outbreak populations that had appeared unresponsive to treatment. These outbreak populations were from Wales and south west England. The data presented demonstrate that there is resistance to all three available ML compounds in populations of Psoroptes mites. However, considerable variation in response suggested that resistance alone was not responsible for the reported lack of efficacy in all of the submitted cases; lack of response in others may be associated with inappropriate treatment application or management. These data highlight the importance of the appropriate use of these compounds to manage national scab incidence at levels that are consistent with acceptable animal welfare standards, while attempting to reduce the development and spread of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sturgess-Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - S Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - S Mitchell
- APHA Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - R Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang XF, Dai LX, Liu YQ, Zhao ZM, Li JC, Yang GZ, Yang CJ. Acaricidal activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of active compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes cuniculi. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:54-59. [PMID: 30878086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant essential oils and its chemical compositions are commonly applied in medicinal and other industries due to their broad advanced pharmacological activities. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the acaricidal activities of twelve compounds of essential oils against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro and in vivo. In addition, to support the clinic uses, their toxicities against immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human liver cells (HL-7702) and skin irritation were studied for evaluating the liver and skin safety. The possible mechanism of action of certain chemical were investigated by determining the inhibitory activities against cytochrome P450 (P450) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Among all tested compounds, eugenol exhibited the best acaricidal activity with LC50 value of 56.61 μg/ml in vitro. Meanwhile, after the treatment of eugenol for five times within 10 days, the P. cuniculi were eliminated in the naturally infested rabbits, no skin irritation was found in rabbits treated by eugenol. Moreover, eugenol presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells and HL-7702 cells with IC50 values of greater than 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the moderate inhibitory activities of eugenol against mites P450 and AChE were demonstrated. Above results indicated that eugenol presented the promising acaricidal activity against P. cuniculi in vitro and in vivo, is safe for both humans and animals at the given doses. This work lays the foundation for the development of eugenol as an environmentally friendly acaricide agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Becskei C, Cuppens O, Mahabir SP. Efficacy and safety of sarolaner in the treatment of canine ear mite infestation caused by Otodectes cynotis: a non-inferiority study. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:100-e39. [PMID: 29392787 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various treatments are available for ear mite infestations in dogs. OBJECTIVE The efficacy of sarolaner was evaluated against ear mite infestation caused by Otodectes cynotis in dogs and compared with topical moxidectin/imidacloprid in a single-masked, multi-centre field study. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs with O. cynotis infestation were treated monthly with oral sarolaner (n = 163) or topical moxidectin/imidacloprid (n = 78). METHODS The presence of mites in the ear canals and the clinical signs associated with otoacariasis (including head shaking, pruritus/ear scratching, trauma or alopecia of the pinnae, and erythema, ulceration and debris in the ear canals) was evaluated on days 0, 14 and 30, and, if applicable, on day 60. Dogs were considered cured of mite infestation following one (on day 0) or two (on days 0 and 30) monthly treatments, if no live mites were found in either ear. Non-inferiority was evaluated at days 14 and 30. RESULTS Parasitological cure was achieved in 76.4%, 90.5% and 93.3% of the sarolaner-treated and in 53.9%, 63.5% and 66.7% of the moxidectin/imidacloprid-treated dogs on days 14, 30 and 60, respectively. At study completion, on day 60 at the latest, parasitological cure was achieved overall in 99.4% of sarolaner-treated and 87.8% of moxidectin/imidacloprid-treated cases. The parasitological cure rate for sarolaner was non-inferior to moxidectin/imidacloprid at days 14 and 30. The clinical signs of otoacariasis improved throughout the study in both groups. There were no treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS A single oral administration of sarolaner was safe and highly effective in the treatment of O. cynotis infestation in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Becskei
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Otto Cuppens
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shang XF, Liu YQ, Guo X, Miao XL, Chen C, Zhang JX, Xu XS, Yang GZ, Yang CJ, Li JC, Zhang XS. Application of Sustainable Natural Resources in Agriculture: Acaricidal and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Naphthoquinones and Their Analogs against Psoroptes cuniculi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1609. [PMID: 29371639 PMCID: PMC5785474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As important secondary plant metabolites, naphthoquinones exhibit a wide range of biological activities. However, their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic acaricides has not been studied. This study for the first time investigates the acaricidal activity of naphthoquinones against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo activity, the skin irritation effects, the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory activities against mite acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the two compounds that displayed the best insecticidal activity in vitro were evaluated. Among fourteen naphthoquinones and their analogs, juglone and plumbagin were observed to possess the strongest acaricidal activities against P. cuniculi with LC50 values of 20.53 ppm and 17.96 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. After three treatments, these two chemicals completely cured naturally infested rabbits in vivo within 15 days, and no skin irritation was found in any of the treated rabbits. Compared to plumbagin, juglone presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HL-7702 cells. Moreover, these two chemicals significantly inhibited AChE and GST activity. These results indicate that juglone has promising toxicity against P. cuniculi, is safe for both humans and animals at certain doses, and could be used as a potential alternative bio-acaricide for controlling the development of psoroptic mange in agricultural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center of Qinghai University, Qinghai University Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shang X, Guo X, Li B, Pan H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Miao X. Microwave-assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192:350-361. [PMID: 27452655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous, glabrous plant that grows in semi-arid conditions, steppe areas and sandy soils. It is used to treat fever, diarrhoea, subcutaneous tumours, arthralgia, rheumatism, cough, amnesia and parasitic diseases in folk medicines. In this paper, we aimed to develop a simpler and faster method for the extraction of three alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. than other conventional methods by optimizing the parameters of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, and to investigate the acaricidal activities of three compounds against Psoroptes cuniculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS After optimizing the operating parameters with the single factor experiment and a Box-Behnken design combined with a response-surface methodology, a MAE method was developed for extracting the alkaloids from the seeds, and a high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify these compounds. An in vitro experiments were used to study the acaricidal activities. RESULTS The optimal conditions of MAE method were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 31.3:1mL/g, ethanol concentration 75.5%, extraction time 10.1min, temperature 80.7°C, and microwave power 600W. Compared to the heat reflux extraction (HRE, 60min) and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 30min) methods, MAE method require the shortest time (10min) and obtain the highest yield of three compounds (61.9mg/g). Meanwhile, the LT50 values for the vasicine (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL), harmaline (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL), harmine (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL) and MAE extract (100mg/mL) against Psoroptes cuniculi were 12.188h, 9.791h, 11.994h, 10.095h, 11.293h, 9.273h and 17.322h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MAE method developed exhibited the highest extraction yield within the shortest time and thus could be used to extract the active compounds from Peganum harmala L. on an industrial basis. As the active compounds of Peganum harmala L., vasicine, harmalin and harmine presented the marked acaricidal activities against Psoroptes cuniculi, and could be widely applied for the treatments of acariasis in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Hu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dunn JA, Prickett JC, Collins DA, Weaver RJ. Primary screen for potential sheep scab control agents. Vet Parasitol 2016; 224:68-76. [PMID: 27270393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of potential acaricidal agents were assessed against the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis using a series of in vitro assays in modified test arenas designed initially to maintain P. ovis off-host. The mortality effects of 45 control agents, including essential oils, detergents, desiccants, growth regulators, lipid synthesis inhibitors, nerve action/energy metabolism disruptors and ecdysteroids were assessed against adults and nymphs. The most effective candidates were the desiccants (diatomaceous earth, nanoclay and sorex), the growth regulators (buprofezin, hexythiazox and teflubenzuron), the lipid synthesis inhibitors (spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and spiromesifen) and the nerve action and energy metabolism inhibitors (fenpyroximate, spinosad, tolfenpyrad, and chlorantraniliprole).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Dunn
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - J C Prickett
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - D A Collins
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R J Weaver
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nong X, Fang CL, Wang JH, Gu XB, Yang DY, Liu TF, Fu Y, Zhang RH, Zheng WP, Peng XR, Wang SX, Yang GY. Acaricidal activity of extract from Eupatorium adenophorum against the Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2011; 187:345-9. [PMID: 22244533 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The possible acaricidal activity of Eupatorium adenophorum was analyzed using extracts created by water decocting, ethanol thermal circumfluence, and steam distillation. The toxic effect of each extract was tested against Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro. Ethanol thermal circumfluence extract had strong toxicity against mites, killing all S. scabiei at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml (w/v) concentration, while 1g/ml extract was also found to kill all P. cuniculi within a 4-h period. Similarly, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml concentration of extract had strong toxicity against S. scabiei, with median lethal time (LT(50)) values at 0.866, 0.785 and 0.517 h, respectively. 0.5 g/ml and 1g/ml showed strong acaricidal action against P. cuniculi; the LT(50) values were 0.93 h and 1.29 h, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were 0.22 g/ml for Scabies mite and 0.64 g/ml for P. cuniculi in 1h. The results indicated that E. adenophorum contains potent acaricidal ingredients; as a first step in the potential development of novel drugs, it may provide new acaricidal compounds for the effective control of animal acariasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Nong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fichi G, Flamini G, Giovanelli F, Otranto D, Perrucci S. Efficacy of an essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata against Psoroptes cuniculi. Exp Parasitol 2007; 115:168-72. [PMID: 16973163 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The acaricidal activity of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil was evaluated in vitro and in vivo on Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, different concentrations of the oil were tested and the observed mites mortality was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (Acacerulen R) controls. In vivo, six P. cuniculi infected rabbits were topically treated with the oil diluted at 2.5% and compared with untreated and treated control groups of six rabbits each. In vitro, up to the concentration of 0.10% the oil gave highly significant (P<0.01) percentages of mite mortality respect to the untreated controls, but only up to 0.16% it showed the same efficacy of Acacerulen R. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed respect to the treated control group. The untreated rabbits remained infested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fichi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal effects of an essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicun leaves on Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, 2.5 ml of the essential oil diluted at different concentrations, from 10% to 0.03%, in paraffin oil were added to Petri dishes containing all motile stages of P. cuniculi. Mites mortality observed in these dishes was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control plates. In vivo, one group of six P. cuniculi infected rabbits was topically treated two times at seven days interval with two ml of the essential oil at the concentration of 2.5% in paraffin oil and compared with untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control groups of six rabbits each. After 24 h of contact, all concentrations of essential oil between 0.10 and 10% showed a good in vitro acaricidal efficacy if compared with the untreated controls (p<0.01), but only the concentrations between 0.16 and 10% turned out as active as the drug. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed with the treated control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fichi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Pisa University, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lekimme M, Mignon B, Leclipteux T, Tombeux S, Marechal F, Losson B. In vitro tests for evaluation of the hatchability of the eggs of Psoroptes mites following exposure to acaricidal compounds. Med Vet Entomol 2006; 20:102-5. [PMID: 16608494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three in vitro assays for the evaluation of the hatchability of the eggs of the mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) (Acari: Psoroptidae) are described. Preliminary trials showed that hatching occurs at very high rates when eggs are incubated under conditions of high humidity, on a liquid medium and in agarose dishes. These three protocols were compared, taking into account the ease of preparation, follow-up and accuracy of counting. The best protocol was found to be the use of agarose dishes. It was accurate, easy to carry out and reproducible for further evaluation of existing or potentially new compounds against both adults and eggs of Psoroptes spp. The acaricidal properties of phoxim and amitraz were then evaluated against eggs and adults using the three protocols. Results showed that for both drugs, in vitro adulticidal activity was complete, whereas the in vitro ovicidal activity was only partial. Nevertheless, efficacy of amitraz against both adults and eggs was shown to be higher than that of phoxim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lekimme
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Pathology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan B, Wang M, Xu F, Wang Y, Dong Y, Pan Z. Efficacy of an injectable formulation of eprinomectin against Psoroptes cuniculi, the ear mange mite in rabbits. Vet Parasitol 2006; 137:386-90. [PMID: 16473465 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirty rabbits naturally infected with ear mange mite, Psoroptes cuniculi, were subcutaneously administrated with a single dose of eprinomectin at 100, 200 and 300 microg/kg body weight or vehicle on day 0. The extent of lesions was scored on day -6 (prior to treatment), day 0 (treated), days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, the ear scabs were collected simultaneously; mites in scabs were examined and counted. The results showed that a single dose of eprinomectin at 200 or 300 microg/kg body weight following subcutaneous administration was able to eliminate P. cuniculi infection in rabbits, and a dose of eprinomectin at 100 microg/kg could significantly reduce mites but was unable to eliminate P. cuniculi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vercruysse J, Rehbein S, Holdsworth PA, Letonja T, Peter RJ. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against (mange and itch) mites on ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2006; 136:55-66. [PMID: 16406329 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of acaricides against mange and itch mites on ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination, dose confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines also are intended to assist the investigators on how to conduct specific experiments, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perrucci S, Rossi G, Fichi G, O'Brien DJ. Relationship between Psoroptes cuniculi and the internal bacterium Serratia marcescens. Exp Appl Acarol 2005; 36:199-206. [PMID: 16132734 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-005-4511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Serratia marcescens isolated from surface-sterilised Psoroptes cuniculi was found sensitive to the antibiotic Amikacin. Mites placed in this antibiotic for 48-72 h and then washed by centrifugation were found to be alive and S. marcescens-free. Two experimental infestations were undertaken in order to verify the ability of the S. marcescens-free mites to infect and to give ear skin lesions in healthy rabbits and to evaluate the differential ability of the S. marcescens-free and S. marcescens-infected mites to give ear skin lesions. All rabbits were found to be infested, but only rabbits infested with S. marcescens-free mites presented crusts in their ears, whereas mites and/or eggs were only detected in the ear cerumen of all rabbits infested with S. marcescens-infected mites. S. marcescens was isolated only from P. cuniculi mites taken from these latter rabbits. Results indicate that P. cuniculi mites do not need S. marcescens to live and to be able to infest a healthy rabbit. In addition, S. marcescens was not isolated from eggs and newly born larvae of S. marcescens-infected P. cuniculi, demonstrating that in a population of P. cuniculi this bacterium is not transmitted transovarially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Perrucci
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi e Igiene degli Alimenti-Università di Pisa- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Traina O, Cafarchia C, Capelli G, Iacobellis NS, Otranto D. In vitro acaricidal activity of four monoterpenes and solvents against Otodectes cynotis (Acari: Psoroptidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2005; 37:141-6. [PMID: 16180080 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-005-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
15
|
Rehbein S, Visser M, Winter R, Maciel AE. Efficacy of a new long-acting formulation of ivermectin and other injectable avermectins against induced Psoroptes ovis infestations in cattle. Parasitol Res 2002; 88:1061-5. [PMID: 12444456 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2002] [Accepted: 06/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two studies describe the therapeutic and protective efficacy of commercially available, injectable avermectins against Psoroptes ovis infestations. In each study, six untreated calves were compared to groups of six calves each treated with ivermectin long-acting injectable (LAI) 3.15% w/v solution, generic long-acting (LA) ivermectin 1% w/v solution or 1% w/v doramectin solution. Treatments were carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions at 1 ml/50 kg body weight. Live mites in skin scrapings were counted prior to treatment and at weekly intervals for 8 weeks thereafter in the therapeutic study, or at 15, 21 and 28 days after P. ovis challenge which occurred 28 days post-treatment in the study to compare protective efficacy. P. ovis infested calves treated with ivermectin LAI had significantly ( P<0.05) fewer mites than did the untreated controls from 1 week after treatment. They also had significantly fewer mites at 7 and 8 weeks after treatment than did the calves treated with generic LA ivermectin and at 8 weeks after treatment than the calves treated with doramectin. No mites were counted on the animals treated with ivermectin LAI from 4 weeks after treatment through to the end of the study; however, five of the six calves from each of the groups treated with generic LA ivermectin or doramectin were infested with P. ovis at 8 weeks after treatment. No P. ovis mites were recorded on the calves treated prophylactically with ivermectin LAI. In contrast, five or all of the six calves treated prophylactically with generic LA ivermectin or doramectin, respectively, were positive for P. ovis mites at the end of the study. Calves treated prophylactically with ivermectin LAI gained significantly more weight than the untreated controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestrasse 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|