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Li S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin B, Li D, Hua H, Hu X. β-Carboline alkaloids from the roots of Peganum harmala L. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:171-177. [PMID: 38342569 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation of four new β-carboline alkaloids (1-4) and six previously identified alkaloids (5-10) from the roots of Peganum harmala L. Among these compounds, 1 and 2 were characterized as rare β-carboline-quinazoline dimers exhibiting axial chirality. Compound 3 possessed a unique 6/5/6/7 tetracyclic ring system with an azepine ring, and compound 4 was a novel annomontine β-carboline. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and quantum mechanical calculations. The biosynthetic pathways of 1-3 were proposed. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of some isolates against four cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, MDA-MB-231, and DU145) was evaluated. Notably, compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HL-60, A549, and DU145 cells with IC50 values of 12.39, 12.80, and 30.65 μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 17.32 μmol·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengge Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulate and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Zhang Zhongjing Traditional School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xu Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulate and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Zhang Zhongjing Traditional School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China.
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Abdelazim AH, Algarni MA, Almalki AH. Innovative spectrofluorometric method for determination of harmaline and harmine in different matrices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19951. [PMID: 37968310 PMCID: PMC10652015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmaline and harmine are naturally occurring closely related β-carboline alkaloids found in Peganum and Banisteriopsis plants. They have historical significance in traditional practices due to their potential psychoactive and therapeutic properties. Herein, a highly sensitive spectrofluorometric method was developed for the quantifying of harmaline and harmine in diverse matrices, including pure forms, seed samples, and spiked plasma. The procedures lie in addressing the challenge of overlapping fluorescence spectra exhibited by harmaline and harmine through the incorporation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, altering their chemical properties and fluorescence characteristics. Synchronous fluorescence measurements coupled with first derivative mathematical technique make it possible to distinguish between the harmaline and harmine at 419 and 456 nm, respectively. The method effectiveness is demonstrated through spectral analysis, optimization of the measurement conditions, adopting validation parameters and application to the pure form, seed samples and spiked human plasma. This methodology facilitates accurate determination of these alkaloids over the concentration range of 10─200 ng/mL. Thus, the developed approach provides a robust mean for the precise determination of harmaline and harmine, contributing to analytical chemistry's ongoing efforts to address complex challenges in quantification across diverse matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Majed A Algarni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Rashid S, Sameti M, Alqarni MH, Abdel Bar FM. In vivo investigation of the inhibitory effect of Peganum harmala L. and its major alkaloids on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 300:115752. [PMID: 36174807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peganum harmala L. is a traditional medicinal plant used for centuries in folk medicine. It has a wide array of therapeutic attributes, which include hypoglycemic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The fruit decoction of this plant was claimed by Avicenna as traditional therapy for urolithiasis. Also, P. harmala seed showed a clinical reduction in kidney stone number and size in patients with urolithiasis. AIM OF THE STUDY In light of the above-mentioned data, the anti-urolithiatic activities of the seed extracts and the major β-carboline alkaloids of P. harmala were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, isolation, and characterization of the major alkaloids were performed using different chromatographic and spectral techniques. The in vivo anti-urolithiatic action was evaluated using ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis in rats by studying their mitigating effects on the antioxidant machinery, serum toxicity markers (i.e. nitrogenous waste, such as blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, urea, and creatinine), minerals (such as Ca, Mg, P, and oxalate), kidney injury marker 1 (KIM-1), and urinary markers (i.e. urine pH and urine output). RESULTS Two major alkaloids, harmine (P1) and harmalacidine HCl (P2), were isolated and in vivo evaluated alongside the different extracts. The results showed that P. harmala and its constituents/fractions significantly reduced oxidative stress at 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o., as demonstrated by increased levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in kidney homogenate as compared to the EG-treated group. Likewise, the total extract, pet. ether fraction, n-butanol fraction, and P1, P2 alleviated malondialdehyde (MDA) as compared to the EG-treated group. Serum toxicity markers like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, urea, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and oxalate levels were decreased by total extract, pet. ether fraction, n-butanol fraction, P1, and P2 as compared to the EG-treated group. Inflammatory markers like NFκ-B and TNF-α were also downregulated in the kidney homogenate of treatment groups as compared to the EG-treated group. Moreover, urine output and urine pH were significantly increased in treatment groups as compared to the EG-treated group deciphering anti-urolithiatic property of P. harmala. Histopathological assessment by different staining patterns also supported the previous findings and indicated that treatment with P. harmala caused a gradual recovery in damaged glomeruli, medulla, interstitial spaces and tubules, and brown calculi materials as compared to the EG-treated group. CONCLUSION The current research represents scientific evidence on the use of P. harmala and its major alkaloids as an effective therapy in the prevention and management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam Sameti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma M Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Zhang Q, Zan YH, Yang HG, Yang MY, Liu FS, Li SG, Peng XH, Lin B, Li ZL, Li DH, Hua HM. Anti-tumor alkaloids from Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 2022; 197:113107. [PMID: 35121215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Six alkaloids peharmalines F-K, along with 14 known ones, were isolated from the aerial part of Peganum harmala L.. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their HR-ESI-MS data, extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses, and ECD calculations. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)quinoline exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against the HepG-2 cell lines with an IC50 value of 3.05 μM. Norharmane displayed a moderate inhibition against A549 and HepG-2 cells with IC50 values of 16.45 μM and 17.27 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yan-Hui Zan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Han-Gao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Meng-Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fang-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhan-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Da-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Khadraoui N, Essid R, Jallouli S, Damergi B, Ben Takfa I, Abid G, Jedidi I, Bachali A, Ayed A, Limam F, Tabbene O. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Peganum harmala seed extract against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic isolates and molecular mechanism of action. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:133. [PMID: 34999965 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas (P). aeruginosa is one of the major global challenges to control nosocomial infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms. The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial and the antibiofilm activities of Peganum (P). harmala seed extract against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Chemical identification of the active compound and determination of its molecular mechanism of action were also investigated. Results showed that P. harmala n-butanol "n-BuOH" extract exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. This extract was even more active than conventional antibiotics cefazolin and vaamox when tested against three P. aeruginosa multidrug-resistant isolates. In addition, P. harmala n-BuOH extract exhibited potent bactericidal activity against PAO1 strain at MIC value corresponding to 500 µg/mL and attained 100% killing effect at 24 h of incubation. Furthermore, P. harmala n-BuOH extract showed an antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and exhibited 80.43% inhibition at sub-inhibitory concentration. The extract also eradicated 83.99% of the biofilm-forming bacteria. The active compound was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an indole alkaloid harmaline. Transcriptomic analysis showed complete inhibition of the biofilm-related gene pilA when PAO1 cells were treated with harmaline. Our results revealed that P. harmala seed extract and its active compound harmaline could be considered as a candidate for a new treatment of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa pathogens-associated biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Khadraoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Damergi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Iheb Ben Takfa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ines Jedidi
- Water and Food Control Laboratory, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens-Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bachali
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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Al Otaibi N, Hammud HH. Corrosion Inhibition Using Harmal Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:7024. [PMID: 34834119 PMCID: PMC8617947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extract of natural plants is one of the most important metallic corrosion inhibitors. They are readily available, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, highly efficient, and renewable. The present project focuses on the corrosion inhibition effects of Peganum Harmala leaf extract. The equivalent circuit with two time constants with film and charge transfer components gave the best fitting of impedance data. Extraction of active species by sonication proved to be an effective new method to extract the inhibitors. High percent inhibition efficacy IE% of 98% for 283.4 ppm solutions was attained using impedance spectroscopy EIS measurements. The values of charge transfer Rct increases while the double layer capacitance Cdl values decrease with increasing Harmal extract concentration. This indicates the formation of protective film. The polarization curves show that the Harmal extract acts as a cathodic-type inhibitor. It is found that the adsorption of Harmal molecules onto the steel surface followed Langmuir isotherm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR was used to determine the electron-rich functional groups in Harmal extract, which contribute to corrosion inhibition effect. Scanning electron microscopy SEM measurement of a steel surface clearly proves the anticorrosion effect of Harmal leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Al Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H. Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Predominant molecules in Peganum harmala leaves were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of this analysis, most alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in found P. harmala was compiled from the literature in order to develop and lead the production of effective inhibitor drugs for ACE2, main protease, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is today's most contagious and deadly disease. AIM By comparing FDA-approved drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, we aimed to determine whether the molecules in P. harmala are effective against SARS CoV-2 in silico. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION P. harmala molecules were selected as drug candidates from the PubChem web tool. Afterwards, molecular docking calculations of these inhibitor molecules were made with Maestro Molecular modeling program by Schrödinger. The comparison of molecules with high inhibitory activities with FDA-approved drugs was made. With molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, docking calculations of molecules that have high inhibitory activity, were tried to be verified by calculations in the range of 0-100 nanoseconds (Tab. 4, Fig. 6, Ref. 53).
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Saleh RA, Eissa TF, Abdallah DM, Saad MA, El-Abhar HS. Peganum harmala enhanced GLP-1 and restored insulin signaling to alleviate AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer-like pathology model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12040. [PMID: 34103557 PMCID: PMC8187628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a folk medicinal herb used in the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) as a remedy for central disorders. The main constituents, harmine and harmaline, have displayed therapeutic efficacy against Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the P. harmala potential on sensitizing central insulin to combat AD remains to be clarified. An AD-like rat model was induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3; 50 mg/kg/day for six consecutive weeks; i.p), whereas a methanolic standardized P. harmala seed extract (187.5 mg/kg; p.o) was given to AD rats starting 2 weeks post AlCl3 exposure. Two additional groups of rats were administered either the vehicle to serve as the normal control or the vehicle + P. harmala seed extract to serve as the P. harmala control group. P. harmala enhanced cognition appraised by Y-maze and Morris water maze tests and improved histopathological structures altered by AlCl3. Additionally, it heightened the hippocampal contents of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and insulin, but abated insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation at serine 307 (pS307-IRS-1). Besides, P. harmala increased phosphorylated Akt at serine 473 (pS473-Akt) and glucose transporter type (GLUT)4. The extract also curtailed the hippocampal content of beta amyloid (Aβ)42, glycogen synthase (GSK)-3β and phosphorylated tau. It also enhanced Nrf2, while reduced lipid peroxides and replenished glutathione. In conclusion, combating insulin resistance by P. harmala is a novel machinery in attenuating the insidious progression of AD by enhancing both insulin and GLP-1 trajectories in the hippocampus favoring GLUT4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofida A Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek F Eissa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Behairy A, Abd El-Rahman GI, Aly SSH, Fahmy EM, Abd-Elhakim YM. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111620. [PMID: 33396140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) is a widely used plasticizer and prevalent environmental contaminant. In this study, DEHA concentrations in the milk, cheese, and butter samples wrapped with food-grade commercial polyethylene films and stored at 4 °C for 30 days were detected using gas chromatographic analysis. Also, the effects of exposure to a high dose of DEHA for a long duration on the liver, brain, and heart of Wistar rats were assessed. Besides, the possible beneficial effect of Peganum harmala oil (PGO), in relieving DEHA induced adverse effects was explored. For this purpose, four groups (8 rats/group) were orally given physiological saline, PGO (320 mg/kg bwt), DEHA (2000 mg/kg bwt), or PGO + DEHA for 60 days. The results revealed that the DEHA concentrations in the tested dairy products were ordered as follows: (butter > cheese > milk). Notably, the detected levels in butter were higher than the specific migration limit in foods. DEHA induced a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acetylcholine esterase, creatine kinase-myocardium bound, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. But, significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia were evident following DEHA exposure. A significant reduction in the serum level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was recorded. Besides, a significant downregulation in hepatic CYP2E1, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cardiac troponin I gene expression was noticed. Moreover, DEHA exposure induced a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunolabeling, but Caspase-3 immunoexpression was increased. On the contrary, PGO significantly recused DEHA injurious impacts. Therefore, PGO could represent a promising agent for preventing DEHA-induced hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S H Aly
- Department of Food Engineering and Packaging Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Keihanian F, Moohebati M, Saeidinia A, Mohajeri SA, Madaeni S. Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111101. [PMID: 33338752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Natural products still serves as a hope for some illnesses which modern medicine fails to cure. Many people, either knowing their effects or not, are using these herbal products. Treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) is yet a complicated clinical challenge and there is need to improve or make new therapeutic targets. Finding new agents for CHF is an important subject in cardiovascular drug research. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ten herbals on treatment of CHF on isoproterenol-induced model. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-six male Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were used in 12 groups. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on the rats for confirmation of CHF model by decreasing ejection fraction. After 4 weeks' treatment, hearts were removed and blood samples were collected in tubes to measure plasma levels of laboratory findings. Our results showed that the mean of ejection fraction in model rats was 51.82 ± 3.49 percent and all of our used natural products could significantly increase the ejection fraction (P < 0.01). The most effective herbals in improving the ejection fraction were Allium sativum (30.69 %), Peganum harmala (26.08 %) and Apium graveolens (24.09 %). The best results in decreasing NT-ProBNP, was obtained from Allium sativum, Peganum harmala and Berberis vulgaris respectively. Our results showed that none of natural products had toxic effect on renal and liver tissues. CONCLUSION Our results showed that Allium sativum, Peganum harmala and Berberis vulgaris could significantly improve cardiac function by improvement of left ventricular remodeling, lowering hs-CRP and NT-ProBNP and echocardiographic indexes without liver or renal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Keihanian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cardiovascular Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Saeidinia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pediatric Department, Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saeid Madaeni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hajji A, Bnejdi F, Saadoun M, Ben Salem I, Nehdi I, Sbihi H, Alharthi FA, El Bok S, Boughalleb-M’Hamdi N. High Reserve in δ-Tocopherol of Peganum harmala Seeds Oil and Antifungal Activity of Oil against Ten Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194569. [PMID: 33036316 PMCID: PMC7582963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation included the chemical analysis of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) seed oil and its antifungal properties against 10 fungal species. Seed oils of six populations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The HPLC analysis indicated that P. harmala seed oil exhibited a very high level of tocopherol contents, with values in the range of 2385.66-2722.68 mg/100 g. The most abundant tocopherol isomer was δ-tocopherol (90.39%), followed by γ-tocopherol (8.08%) and α-tocopherol (1.14%). We discovered for the first time the presence of tocotrenols in P. harmala seed oils of the six populations studied. The GC-MS analyses revealed that linoleic acid was the main fatty acid (65.17%), followed by oleic acid (23.12%), palmitic acid (5.36%) and stearic acid (3.08%). We also studied the antifungal activity of seed oil of the Medenine (MD) population on ten fungal pathogens. The antifungal effects differed among pathogens and depended on oil concentrations. Seed oil of the MD population caused a significant decrease in mycelial growth of all fungi tested, with values ranging 31.50-82.11%, except for Alternaria sp., which showed no inhibition. The antifungal activity against the 10 selected fungi can be explained by the richness in tocols of the extracted oil and make P. harmala a promising crop for biological control. Furthermore, the importance of fatty acids and the wide geographic spread in Tunisia of this species make this crop a potential source of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Hajji
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fethi Bnejdi
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
| | - Mourad Saadoun
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Ibtissem Ben Salem
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
| | - Imededdine Nehdi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Hassen Sbihi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Safia El Bok
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Naima Boughalleb-M’Hamdi
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
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Tarkowská D. A Fast and Reliable UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Method for Screening Selected Pharmacologically Significant Natural Plant Indole Alkaloids. Molecules 2020; 25:E3274. [PMID: 32708364 PMCID: PMC7397342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many substances of secondary plant metabolism have often attracted the attention of scientists and the public because they have certain beneficial effects on human health, although the reason for their biosynthesis in the plant remains unclear. This is also the case for alkaloids. More than 200 years have passed since the discovery of the first alkaloid (morphine), and several thousand substances of this character have been isolated since then. Most often, alkaloid-rich plants are part of folk medicine with centuries-old traditions. What is particularly important to monitor for these herbal products is the spectrum and concentrations of the present active substances, which decide whether the product has a beneficial or toxic effect on human health. In this work, we present a fast, reliable, and robust method for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of four selected alkaloids with an indole skeleton, i.e., harmine, harmaline, yohimbine, and ajmalicine, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The applicability of the method was demonstrated for tobacco and Tribulus terrestris plant tissue, the seeds of Peganum harmala, and extract from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia johimbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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13
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Deng G, Wu C, Rong X, Li S, Ju Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Ding W, Guan H, Cheng X, Liu W, Wang C. Ameliorative effect of deoxyvasicine on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction by restoration of cholinergic function in mice. Phytomedicine 2019; 63:153007. [PMID: 31301537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn is used as a traditional medical herb for treatment of amnesia in Uighur medicine in China. Deoxyvasicine (DVAS) is one of the chief active ingredients in P. harmala, it possesses strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities in vitro, but the therapeutic effect and mechanisms on amnesia in vivo are unclear. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of DVAS from P. harmala in learning and memory deficits of scopolamine-induced mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Mice were pretreated with DVAS (5, 15 and 45 mg/kg) and huperzine-A (0.2 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days, and subsequently were daily intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) to induce learning and memory deficits and behavioral performance was assessed by Morris water maze. To further evaluate the potential mechanisms of DVAS in improving learning and memory capabilities, pathological change, levels of various biochemical markers and protein expressions related to cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation were examined. RESULTS The results showed that DVAS could alleviate learning and memory deficits in scopolamine-treated mice. DVAS could regulate cholinergic function by inhibiting AChE and activating choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities and protein expressions. DVAS could induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor and protect hippocampal pyramidal cells against neuronal damage. DVAS also enhanced antioxidant defense via increasing the antioxidant enzyme level and activity of glutathione peroxidase, and anti-inflammatory function through suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, DVAS could regulate the neurotransmitters by elevating acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid and reducing 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and glutamic acid. CONCLUSION Results illustrated that DVAS may be a promising candidate compound against amnesia via restoration of cholinergic function, regulating neurotransmitters, attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Pingxiang Health Vocational College, Pingxiang 337000, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojuan Rong
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, South Xinhua Road 140, Urumqi 830004, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Natural Products Chemistry, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youxu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzheng Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Deng G, Liu W, Ma C, Rong X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wu C, Cao N, Ding W, Guan H, Cheng X, Wang C. In vivo and in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of cholinesterase inhibitor deoxyvasicine from aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn in rats via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:288-301. [PMID: 30872168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn are a Uighur traditional medicinal herb in China used to treat amnesia, bronchial asthma, and cough. Deoxyvasicine (DVAS), a potent cholinesterase inhibitor exhibiting anti-senile dementia activity, is one of the chief active ingredients in aerial parts of P. harmala and plays a key role in mediating the pharmacological effects of P. harmala. However, the metabolic profiling and in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of DVAS still remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this present study was to investigate the metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of DVAS in rats by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolic profiling of DVAS was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by rat liver microsomes (RLMs) incubation and by rat bio-specimens, such as urine, feces, plasma, and bile, after the oral administration of 45 mg/kg DVAS. An efficient and sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine DVAS and its major four metabolites, namely, vasicine, deoxyvasicinone, vasicinone, and 1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-3-β-D-glucuronide in rat plasma. For pharmacokinetic studies, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, intravenous dosage group (2 mg/kg DVAS) and three oral dosage groups (5, 15, and 45 mg/kg DVAS). In addition, the activity of the components in plasma after intravenous administration of DVAS was evaluated by in vitro anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) assays. RESULTS A total of 23 metabolites were found in RLMs, plasma, urine, feces, and bile by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic pathway of DVAS in vivo and in vitro mainly involved hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, acetylation, methylation, glucuronidation, and O-sulphate conjugation, and the C-3 and C-9 sites were the main metabolic soft spots. All 23 metabolites were detected in the urine sample, and 13, 8, 22, and 6 metabolites were identified from rat feces, plasma, bile, and RLMs, respectively. The standard curves of DVAS and four metabolites in rat plasma showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.82-524.00 ng/mL with acceptable selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability. DVAS exhibited linear dose-proportional pharmacokinetics at doses of 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg after oral administration, and the average oral absolute bioavailability of DVAS was 47.46%. The in vitro anti-BChE assays implied that the inhibitive activities were mainly due to the different concentrations of prototype DVAS. CONCLUSIONS DVAS can be rapidly absorbed and excreted by blood, and it is also extensively metabolized in vivo, and the anti-BChE activity in blood is mainly attributed to DVAS. These findings can lay a foundation for new drug development for DVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaojuan Rong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, South Xinhua Road 140, Urumqi 830004, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youxu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenzheng Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Adeel S, Zuber M, Zia KM. Microwave-assisted extraction and dyeing of chemical and bio-mordanted cotton fabric using harmal seeds as a source of natural dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11100-11110. [PMID: 29411282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The revival of cultural heritage in a form of natural colorants for textile dyeing is gaining popularity due to their soothing nature and bright shades. The present study was conducted to explore the coloring potential of harmala (Peganum harmala) seeds and to improve color strength of dye using microwave radiations followed by a mordanting process. The results showed that harmala plant seeds could be an excellent source of natural dyes for cotton dyeing if the irradiated acidified methanolic extract (RE, 4 min) is used to dye un-irradiated fabric (NRC) at 85 °C for 45 min using a dye bath of pH 9.0 having salt concentration of 7 g/100 mL. Alum (1%) as pre-mordants and iron (7%) as post-mordants have improved the color strength in chemical mordanting more than other mordants employed. The bio-mordants employed reveal that 10% of acacia as pre-bio-mordants and 7% of acacia as post-bio-mordants are effective amounts to obtain high color strength. Suggested ISO standards for colorfastness illustrate that bio-mordanting has given more excellent rating as compared to chemical mordants. It is concluded that harmala seeds have a great potential to act as a source of natural colorant for cotton dyeing under the influence of microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zuber
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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16
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Afzal M, Shahid M, Riaz M, Saleem MA, Wattoo JI, Zeshan B, Naveed M. Role of fungal-induced stress in biochemical and phytochemical profiling of Peganum harmala. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:379-384. [PMID: 29685022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate bioactive compounds under the influence of biotic stress on seedlings of Peganum harmala. Biologically active compounds were determined by using different techniques. The HPLC and GC-MS analyses detected the significant amount of phenolic acids and active biological compound. Total protein content, activity of proteases, α-amylases, catalases and peroxidases were observed to be accelerated under fungal stress. The seedling extracts exhibited prominent antifungal and antimicrobial activity against selected strains. The present study showed that P. harmala is a good candidate to be used in natural therapies and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Women Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Saleem
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J I Wattoo
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - B Zeshan
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Naveed
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Li S, Cheng X, Wang C. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 203:127-162. [PMID: 28359849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Peganum have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, jaundice, colic, lumbago, and many other human ailments. Additionally, the plants can be used as an amulet against evil-eye, dye and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, Iran, Northwest India, and North Africa. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and drug interaction of the genus Peganum in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on studies of the genus Peganum was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD and MS's dissertations. RESULTS The genus Peganum has played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. The main bioactive metabolites of the genus include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities, antitumor, anti-hypertension, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiparasidal, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, there is some evidence for extracts' pharmacological effects on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, cancer, diabetes, hypertension. Some indications from ethnomedicine have been confirmed by pharmacological effects, such as the cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activities, hypoglycemic and vasodilation effects of this genus. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the genus Peganum can be attributed to the active alkaloids. Data regarding many aspects of the genus such as mechanisms of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited which call for additional studies particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Wang KB, Li DH, Bao Y, Cao F, Wang WJ, Lin C, Bin W, Bai J, Pei YH, Jing YK, Yang D, Li ZL, Hua HM. Structurally Diverse Alkaloids from the Seeds of Peganum harmala. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:551-559. [PMID: 28128938 PMCID: PMC5518681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the alkaloids from Peganum harmala seeds yielded two pairs of unique racemic pyrroloindole alkaloids, (±)-peganines A-B (1-2); two rare thiazole derivatives, peganumals A-B (3-4); six new β-carboline alkaloids, pegaharmines F-K (5-10); and 12 known analogues. Their structures, including stereochemistry, were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemistry calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Notably, the incorporation of pyrrole and indole moieties in peganines A-B, thiazole fragments in peganumals A-B, and a C-1 α,β-unsaturated ester motif in pegaharmine F (5) are all rare, and their presence in the genus Peganum were demonstrated for the first time. All isolates were tested for antiproliferative activities against the HL-60, PC-3, and SGC-7901 cancer cell lines, and compounds 9, 11, 12, and 13 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 4.36-9.25 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Da-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Bao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Clement Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wen Bin
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Kui Jing
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Danzhou Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhan-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Shang X, Guo X, Li B, Pan H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Miao X. Microwave-assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192:350-361. [PMID: 27452655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous, glabrous plant that grows in semi-arid conditions, steppe areas and sandy soils. It is used to treat fever, diarrhoea, subcutaneous tumours, arthralgia, rheumatism, cough, amnesia and parasitic diseases in folk medicines. In this paper, we aimed to develop a simpler and faster method for the extraction of three alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. than other conventional methods by optimizing the parameters of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, and to investigate the acaricidal activities of three compounds against Psoroptes cuniculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS After optimizing the operating parameters with the single factor experiment and a Box-Behnken design combined with a response-surface methodology, a MAE method was developed for extracting the alkaloids from the seeds, and a high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify these compounds. An in vitro experiments were used to study the acaricidal activities. RESULTS The optimal conditions of MAE method were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 31.3:1mL/g, ethanol concentration 75.5%, extraction time 10.1min, temperature 80.7°C, and microwave power 600W. Compared to the heat reflux extraction (HRE, 60min) and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE, 30min) methods, MAE method require the shortest time (10min) and obtain the highest yield of three compounds (61.9mg/g). Meanwhile, the LT50 values for the vasicine (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL), harmaline (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL), harmine (1.25 and 2.5mg/mL) and MAE extract (100mg/mL) against Psoroptes cuniculi were 12.188h, 9.791h, 11.994h, 10.095h, 11.293h, 9.273h and 17.322h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MAE method developed exhibited the highest extraction yield within the shortest time and thus could be used to extract the active compounds from Peganum harmala L. on an industrial basis. As the active compounds of Peganum harmala L., vasicine, harmalin and harmine presented the marked acaricidal activities against Psoroptes cuniculi, and could be widely applied for the treatments of acariasis in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Hu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Shohaib HM, Nawaz S, Matin A. Methanolic extract of Peganum harmala exhibit potent activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and its encystment in vitro. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1993-1996. [PMID: 28375115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii is member of free living amoeba that may cause painful sight-threatening keratitis and life threatening encephalitis which involves central nervous system. Treatments for both infections are problematic because of the amoebic cysts resistance to therapeutic agents. Here we evaluated in vitro strength of methanolic seed extract of Peganum harmala on Acanthamoeba cysts and its encystment mechanism. Our results revealed seed extracts (1 to 30mg/ml) exhibited amoebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Furthermore Acanthamoeba encystment was also inhibited in concentration dependent manner with maximum inhibition at 2µg/ml after 48h incubation. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that methanolic extracts exhibit remarkable inhibition of Acanthamoeba cysts and encystment in vitro which could serve a potential new natural agent against Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Shohaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Salik Nawaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Matin
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan / Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
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Apostolico I, Aliberti L, Caputo L, De Feo V, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, Souza LF, Khadhr M. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Phytotoxic Activities of Peganum harmala Seed Essential Oils from Five Different Localities in Northern Africa. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091235. [PMID: 27649128 PMCID: PMC6273081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala L., also known as Syrian rue or Pègano, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Zygohpyllaceae family, and is widely used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of essential oils of P. harmala seeds from five different regions of Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia) was studied by GC and GC-MS analyses. A total of 105 compounds were identified, the main components being oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Eugenol is the main component in all oils. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assayed against some bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 25693), Bacillus cereus (DSM 4313), Bacillus cereus (DSM4384), Escherichia coli (DMS 857) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 50071). All the oils showed different inhibitory activity. In the twentieth century this is an important result; we need possible new botanical drugs because the problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs has become apparent. Moreover, the essential oils were evaluated for their possible in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., and Ruta graveolens L. The results showed that both germination and radical elongation were sensitive to the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Apostolico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Luigi Aliberti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Lucèia Fàtima Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
- Post-doctoral by National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, (CNPq/Brazil), 70000-000 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Maroua Khadhr
- Unité de Recherche de Biochimie des Lipides et Principes Actifs des Plantes, 2092 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia.
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Ghaffar S, Afridi SK, Aftab MF, Murtaza M, Syed SA, Begum S, Waraich RS. Attenuation of palmitate induced insulin resistance in muscle cells by harmala, clove and river red gum. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1795-1800. [PMID: 28476704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to decipher the mechanism of action of selected anti-diabetic plants extracts on palmitic acid mediated insulin resistance in muscle cells. Our results showed that extract from Peganum harmala seeds, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Syzygium aromaticum leaves, showed significant antioxidant activity. We found that these extracts were able to affect stress signalling by reducing p-38 MAP kinase phosphorylation. They also reduced phosphorylation of substrate for insulin receptor (IRS) at serine residues and increased its phosphorylation at tyrosine residues and also enhanced PKB phosphorylation. Glucose uptake was also enhanced in muscle cells after treatment with these extracts. Extracts from Lantana camara, Psidium gujava fruit and different parts of Cassia alata did not affect FFA mediated down-regulation of insulin signalling. The study conclude that seeds of Peganum harmala and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Syzygium aromaticum enhanced insulin signal transduction and glucose uptake in muscle cells via reducing oxidative stress. As a result, these herbal extracts may be considered useful to protect from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safina Ghaffar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Meha Fatima Aftab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Murtaza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali Syed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sanaullah Waraich
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Liu W, Wang Y, He DD, Li SP, Zhu YD, Jiang B, Cheng XM, Wang ZT, Wang CH. Antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating effects of quinazoline alkaloids (±)-vasicine, deoxyvasicine, and (±)-vasicinone from aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:1088-1095. [PMID: 26547531 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. (APP) is a well-known and effective herbal medicine in China, and has been commonly used for treating various ailments, including cough and asthma. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating effects of the quinazoline alkaloids (±)-vasicine (VAS), deoxyvasicine (DVAS) (both isolated from the alkaloid fraction of APP) and (±)-vasicinone (VAO) (synthesized from VAS). METHODS The three quinazoline alkaloids were tested as antitussive on cough models in mice and guinea pigs. VAO was synthesized from VAS via the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. VAS, VAO, and DVAS were orally administered at dosages of 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg. Cough in these models was induced by ammonia, capsaicin, and citric acid. Phenol red secretion experiments in mice were performed to evaluate the expectorant activity of the alkaloids. Bronchodilating effects were evaluated by using a bronchoconstrictive induced by acetylcholine chloride and histamine in guinea pigs. RESULTS In antitussive tests, VAS, VAO, and DVAS significantly inhibited coughing frequency and prolonged the cough latency period in animals. At the highest doses tested (45 mg/kg), they showed antitussive activities similar to codeine phosphate (30 mg/kg) in mice and guinea pigs. Expectorant evaluation showed that VAS, VAO, and DVAS could significantly increase phenol red secretion in mice by 0.54-, 0.79- and 0.97-fold, by 0.60-, 0.99-, and 1.06-fold, and by 0.46-, 0.73-, and 0.96-fold, respectively, at dosages of 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg compared with the control (0.5% CMC-Na, 20 ml/kg). Ammonium chloride at 1500 mg/kg increased phenol red secretion in mice by 0.97-fold compared with the control. Bronchodilation tests showed that VAS, VAO, and DVAS prolonged the pre-convulsive time for 28.59%, 57.21%, and 29.66%, respectively, at a dose of 45 mg/kg in guinea pigs, whereas aminophylline prolonged the pre-convulsive time by 46.98% compared with pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Quinazoline alkaloids VAS, VAO, and DVAS have significant antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating activities. VAS, VAO, and DVAS are the active ingredients in APP, which can be used to treat respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dan-dan He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shu-ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-dan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue-mei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zheng--tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chang-hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, He X. Cytotoxic indole alkaloids against human leukemia cell lines from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4507-18. [PMID: 26540074 PMCID: PMC4663518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation was used to determine the cytotoxic alkaloids from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Two novel indole alkaloids, together with ten known ones, were isolated and identified. The novel alkaloids were elucidated to be 2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-hydroxy-3-(N-acetyl-2-aminoethyl)-6-methoxyindol-2-one (3). The cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells was assayed for the alkaloids and some of them showed potent activity. Harmalacidine (compound 8, HMC) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against U-937 cells with IC50 value of 3.1 ± 0.2 μmol/L. The cytotoxic mechanism of HMC was targeting the mitochondrial and protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathways (PTKs-Ras/Raf/ERK). The results strongly demonstrated that the alkaloids from Peganum harmala could be a promising candidate for the therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li L, Li Y, Wang TY. [Establishment of different origin Peganum harmala qualitative discrimination model based on near-infrared spectroscopy]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:2862-2865. [PMID: 26666040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The optic-fiber sensor technology combined with near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy was applied to directly analyze Peganum harmala and identify different origin of P. harmala on the basis of principal component analysis, clustering analysis, SIMCA method, which resulted in the establishment of a new method to rapidly and nondestructively identify the origin of P. harmala. The original full wavelength spectrum for principal component analysis and the score of first two principal components can distinguish four origins of P. harmala basically. In the wavelength range of 866-2,507 nm, MSC as pretreatment method to establish the best model of clustering analysis to forecast the samples with the accuracy of 91.67%, can distinguish the four origins of P. harmala while in the wavelength of 1,085-2,507 nm, normalization method as pretreatment methods to establish a best model of SIMCA to forecast the sample, all the samples except for the changji sample have been identified with a total recognition rate of 97.22%. The results show that using near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with SIMCA is the best method that can be effectively used to identify the P. harmala.
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Vachnadze V, Suladze T, Vachnadze N, Kintsurashvili L, Novikova J. [ALKALOIDS OF PEGANUM HARMALA L. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY]. Georgian Med News 2015:79-81. [PMID: 26087737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peganum Harmala L., Peganасеае widely distributed in Georgia. On the basis of chemical analysis of the composition of alkaloids it was found out that the plant contains quinazoline derivatives, among which dominats alkaloid d, 1 peganine: С11Н12NО2, m.p. 198-99ºC (СН3ОН). UV, λmax 275 (lgε 3,95). In IR-spectrum (KBr) 1625 cm- (-N=C) 3200-370 (OH)cm-1 . Mass- spectrum: М+ 171(100%). It was studied the dynamics of accumulation for total alkaloids and d, l - peganine: in the budding phase the amount of alkaloids was - 3,71%, d, l - peganine 0,07÷0,09%; in the phase of mass flowering the sum of alkaloids - 4,51% ,d, l - peganine - 0,1÷0,13%; in the phase of ripeness total alkaloids - 3.92%; d,l - peganine - 0,08÷0,1. The study of specific pharmacological activity showed that the d,l - peganine similar to peganine at a dose of 30 mg/kg causes a decrease in heart rate by 30÷40 beats/min, which is characteristic for anticholinesterases, in parallel with this, a decrease in cholinesterase activity in blood serum has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vachnadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry, Georgia
| | - T Suladze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry, Georgia
| | - N Vachnadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry, Georgia
| | - L Kintsurashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry, Georgia
| | - J Novikova
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry, Georgia
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Yavari N, Emamian F, Yarani R, Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh H, Mansouri K, Mostafaie A. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by heat and low pH stable hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds via inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of VEGF secretion. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:855-861. [PMID: 25471082 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.946057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Progression of cancer cells is completely dependent on its angiogenesis. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis has shed new light on cancer treatment. As a result, anti-angiogenesis therapy represents one of the most significant advances in clinical oncology. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is a native plant from the eastern Iranian region, which is used as a traditional folk medicine. Although some biological properties of this plant are determined, its effect on angiogenesis is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of heat and low pH stable hydroalcoholic extract of P. harmala seeds on endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and VEGF secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried Peganum seeds were purchased from Kermanshah Traditional Bazar in 2011. Hydroalcoholic extract of dried seeds (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 150 μg/ml) was used for in vitro evaluation of its cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects on ECs. In vitro effect of the extract on VEGF secretion was assayed using ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract at seven different concentrations resulted in significant decrease of ECs proliferation and angiogenesis with an ID50 of ∼ 85 μg/ml. VEGF secretion was (inhibited) decreased by the extracts at concentrations higher than 10 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Herbal plant extracts still attract attention owing to their fewer side effects comparing to synthetic drug agents. Current study indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of P. harmala seeds contains a potent anti-angiogenic component, which exerts its inhibitory effect mainly through down-regulation of essential mediators such as VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Yavari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abolhassanzadeh Z, Aflaki E, Yousefi G, Mohagheghzadeh A. Peganum Oil in Iranian Traditional Pharmacy. Pharm Hist (Lond) 2015; 45:34-36. [PMID: 26521618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
MESH Headings
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Iran
- Medicine, Arabic/history
- Medicine, Traditional/history
- Peganum/chemistry
- Plant Oils/history
- Plant Oils/therapeutic use
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Peganum harmala seeds extract (CPH) against chronic ethanol treatment. Hepatotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by administrating ethanol 35% (4 g/kg/day) for 6 weeks. CPH was co-administered with ethanol, by intraperitonial (IP) injection, at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day. Control rats were injected by saline solution (NaCl 9‰). Chronic ethanol administration intensified lipid peroxidation monitored by an increase of TBARS level in liver. Ethanol treatment caused also a drastic alteration in antioxidant defence system; hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. A co-administration of CPH during ethanol treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidants activities. However, treatment with P. harmala extract protects efficiently the hepatic function of alcoholic rats by the considerable decrease of aminotransferase contents in serum of ethanol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeddine Bourogaa
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax , PB 1171 , 3000 Sfax Tunisie and
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Abstract
A phytochemical study on the methanol extracts from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. led to a new quizonaline alkaloid (S)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and four known ones, (R)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (S)-vasicinone (3), vasicine (4), and deoxyvasicinone (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and specific rotation as well as by comparison of the data with those in the literature. All of the alkaloids were screened for antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer cells MCG-803 with MTT method. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
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Deng C, Shao H, Pan X, Wang S, Zhang D. Herbicidal effects of harmaline from Peganum harmala on photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: probed by chlorophyll fluorescence and thermoluminescence. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 115:23-31. [PMID: 25307462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The herbicidal effects of harmaline extracted from Peganum harmala seed on cell growth and photosynthesis of green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence and thermoluminescence techniques. Exposure to harmaline inhibited cell growth, pigments contents and oxygen evolution of C. pyrenoidosa. Oxygen evolution was more sensitive to harmaline toxicity than cell growth or the whole photosystem II (PSII) activity, maybe it was the first target site of harmaline. The JIP-test parameters showed that harmaline inhibited the donor side of PSII. Harmaline decreased photochemical efficiency and electron transport flow of PSII but increased the energy dissipation. The charge recombination was also affected by harmaline. Amplitude of the fast phase decreased and the slow phase increased at the highest level of harmaline. Electron transfer from QA(-) to QB was inhibited and backward electron transport flow from QA(-) to oxygen evolution complex was enhanced at 10 μg mL(-1) harmaline. Exposure to 10 μg mL(-1) harmaline caused appearance of C band in thermoluminescence. Exposure to 5 μg mL(-1) harmaline inhibited the formation of proton gradient. The highest concentration of harmaline treatment inhibited S3QB(-) charge recombination but promoted formation of QA(-)YD(+) charge pairs. P. harmala harmaline may be a promising herbicide because of its inhibition of cell growth, pigments synthesis, oxygen evolution and PSII activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Deng
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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Bensalem S, Soubhye J, Aldib I, Bournine L, Nguyen AT, Vanhaeverbeek M, Rousseau A, Boudjeltia KZ, Sarakbi A, Kauffmann JM, Nève J, Prévost M, Stévigny C, Maiza-Benabdesselam F, Bedjou F, Van Antwerpen P, Duez P. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity by the alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:361-369. [PMID: 24746482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds and aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. are widely used in Algeria as anti-inflammatory remedies. Evaluation of Peganum harmala total alkaloids extracts and pure β-carboline compounds as an anti-inflammatory treatment by the inhibition of an enzyme key of inflammatory, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and HPLC quantification of the alkaloids from the different parts of plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS MPO inhibition was tested using taurine chloramine test. The inhibition of LDL oxidation induced by MPO was carried out. The molecular docking analysis of Peganum harmala alkaloids on MPO was performed using the Glide XP docking protocol and scoring function and the redox potential of alkaloids was determined using an Epsilon potentiostat. The concentration of harmala alkaloids was determined using HPLC analysis. RESULTS The HPLC profiling of the active total alkaloids indicates that β-carboline e.g. harmine, harmaline, harmane, harmol and harmalol are major components. As β-carbolines resemble tryptamine, of which derivatives are efficient inhibitors of MPO, the harmala alkaloids were tested for their activity on this enzyme. Total alkaloids of the seeds and of the aerial parts strongly inhibited MPO at 20µg/mL (97±5% and 43±4%, respectively) whereas, at the same concentration, those of the roots showed very low inhibition (15±6%). Harmine, harmaline and harmane demonstrated a significant inhibition of MPO at IC50 of 0.26, 0.08 and 0.72µM respectively. These alkaloids exerted a similar inhibition effects on MPO-induced LDL oxidation. Molecular docking analysis of Peganum harmala alkaloids on MPO showed that all active Peganum harmala alkaloids have a high affinity on the active site of MPO (predicted free energies of binding up to -3.1kcal/mol). Measurement of redox potentials versus the normal hydrogen electrode clearly differentiated (i) the high MPO inhibitory activity of harmine, harmaline and harmane (+1014, 1014 and 1003mV, respectively); and (ii) the low activity of harmalol and harmol (+629/778 and 532/644mV, respectively). A reverse phase HPLC method has been developed to determine simultaneously five alkaloids of Peganum harmala. Seeds contained all five β-carboline derivatives with the main active alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, being up to 3.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Up to 3.2% of harmine was determined in the roots. The four β-carboline derivatives, harmine, harmaline, harmane and harmalol were identified in the aerial parts. The highest inhibitory effect observed in seeds and the moderate effect of aerial parts could be explained by their harmine and harmaline content. In contrast, the very weak inhibition of the root extract, despite the presence of harmine, may tentatively be explained by the high concentration of harmol which can reduce Compound II of MPO to the native form. CONCLUSION The inhibition of MPO by Peganum harmala β-carboline alkaloids, herein reported for the first time, may explain the anti-inflammatory effect traditionally attributed to its herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Bensalem
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie; Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
| | - Iyas Aldib
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Lamine Bournine
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Anh Tho Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Ahmad Sarakbi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Instrumentale et Bioélectrochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Jean Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Instrumentale et Bioélectrochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Martine Prévost
- Laboratoire de Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Fadila Maiza-Benabdesselam
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Bedjou
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique; Plateforme Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
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Zhang H, Sun K, Ding J, Xu H, Zhu L, Zhang K, Li X, Sun W. Harmine induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:348-355. [PMID: 24176842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Harmine is reported as a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy; however, effects and action mechanism of harmine on the human gastric cancer cells remain unclear. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effects of harmine on human gastric cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The cell proliferation was determined using MTT colorimetric assay. Apoptosis was measured by DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis. The wound healing and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effects of harmine on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. The expression of COX-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, Bax and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was detected by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that harmine significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro, as well as inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, harmine significantly inhibited the expression of COX-2, PCNA, Bcl-2 and MMP-2 as well as increased Bax expression in gastric cancer cells. These results collectively indicate that harmine induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells, which may be mediated by down-regulation of COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Nanjing Children Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Huae Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Weihao Sun
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Singh VK, Mishra V, Tiwari S, Khaliq T, Barthwal MK, Pandey HP, Palit G, Narender T. Anti-secretory and cyto-protective effects of peganine hydrochloride isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala on gastric ulcers. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1180-1185. [PMID: 23880327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastroprotective mechanism of peganine hydrochloride isolated from Peganum harmala seeds was investigated. Peganine hydrochloride was evaluated against cold restraint (CRU), aspirin (AS), alcohol (AL) and pyloric ligation (PL) induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Potential anti-ulcer activity of peganine was observed against CRU (50.0%), AS (58.5%), AL (89.41%) and PL (62.50%) induced ulcer models. The reference drug omeprazole (10mg/kg, p.o.) showed 77.45% protection against CRU, 49.97% against AS and 69.42% against PL model. Sucralfate, another reference drug (500mg/kg, p.o.) showed 62.50% protection in AL induced ulcer model. Peganine significantly reduced free acidity (33.38%), total acidity (38.09%) and upregulated mucin secretion by 67.91%, respectively. Further, peagnine significantly inhibited H(+) K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro with IC50 of 73.47μg/ml as compared to the IC50 value of omeprazole (30.24μg/ml) confirming its anti-secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India
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Shi Z, Wang ZJ, Xu HL, Tian Y, Li X, Bao JK, Sun SR, Yue BS. Modeling, docking and dynamics simulations of a non-specific lipid transfer protein from Peganum harmala L. Comput Biol Chem 2013; 47:56-65. [PMID: 23891721 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (ns-LTPs), ubiquitously found in various types of plants, have been well-known to transfer amphiphilic lipids and promote the lipid exchange between mitochondria and microbody. In this study, an in silico analysis was proposed to study ns-LTP in Peganum harmala L., which may belong to ns-LTP1 family, aiming at constructing its three-dimensional structure. Moreover, we adopted MEGA to analyze ns-LTPs and other species phylogenetically, which brought out an initial sequence alignment of ns-LTPs. In addition, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to further investigate the affinities and stabilities of ns-LTP with several ligands complexes. Taken together, our results about ns-LTPs and their ligand-binding activities can provide a better understanding of the lipid-protein interactions, indicating some future applications of ns-LTP-mediated transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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Lamchouri F, Zemzami M, Jossang A, Abdellatif A, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26:699-706. [PMID: 23811445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peganum harmala is used in traditional medicine to treat a number of diseases including cancer. Our preliminary studies show that the alkaloidal extract of PH seed is cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines in vitro and has antitumor effect in a tumor model in vivo. The present investigation was aimed at extending our previous studies in identifying the components in P. harmala seed-extract responsible for the cytotoxic effects, and study the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of isolated alkaloids and total alkaloidal fraction (TAF) in several tumor cell lines. Four alkaloids: harmalicidine, harmine, peganine (vasicine) and vasicinone were isolated from the P. harmala seed-extract and their activity and that of TAF were tested a) for their cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines [three developed by us by chemical-induction in Wistar rats: 1) Med-mek carcinoma ; 2) UCP-med carcinoma ; 3) UCP-med sarcoma] ; and 4) SP2/O-Ag14, and b) for antiproliferative effect on cells of Jurkat, E6-1 clone (inhibition of incorporation of {(3)H-thymidine} in cellular DNA). The alkaloids and TAF inhibited the growth of tumor cell lines to varying degrees; Sp2/O-Ag14 was the most sensitive, with IC50 values (concentration of the active substance that inhibited the growth of the tumor cells by 50%) ranging between 2.43 μg/mL and 19.20 μg/mL, while UCP-med carcinoma was the least sensitive (range of IC50 = 13.83 μg/mL to 59.97 μg/mL). Of the substances evaluated, harmine was the most active compound (IC50 for the 4 tumor cell lines varying between 2.43 μg/mL and 18.39 μg/mL), followed by TAF (range of IC50 = 7.32 μg/mL to 13.83 μg/mL); peganine was the least active (IC50 = 50 μg/mL to > 100 μg/mL). In terms of antiproliferative effect, vasicinone and TAF were more potent than other substances: the concentration of vasicinone, and TAF needed to inhibit the incorporation of {(3)H-TDR} in the DNA cells of Jurkat, E6-1 clone by 50% (IC50) were 8.60 ± 0.023 μg/mL and 8.94 ± 0.017 μg/mL, respectively, while peganine was the least active (IC50 >100 μg/mL). The IC50 values for harmalacidine (27.10 ± 0.011 μg/mL) and harmine (46.57 ± 0.011 μg/mL) were intermediate. The harmala alkaloids inhibited the growth of four tumor cell lines, and proliferation of Jurkat cells with varying potencies. Harmine was the most potent in inhibiting cell growth, and vasicinone was most active as antiproliferating substance. The TAF had significant cytotoxic as well as antiproliferating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Lamchouri
- Equipe de Recherche, Substances Naturelles & Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza BP. Taza, Maroc.
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Ma X, Liu D, Tang H, Wang Y, Wu T, Li Y, Yang J, Yang J, Sun S, Zhang F. Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein with antiproliferation and anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities from Peganum harmala seeds. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:87-94. [PMID: 23165744 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel antifungal protein, designated as PHP, was isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala, by cationic exchange chromatography on Resource S column and gel filtration on Sephadex 75 10/300 GL column. PHP was found to form a homodimer of about 16 kDa. Isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the isoelectric point of PHP was ∼8.4. The N-terminal 20-amino acid sequence of PHP, ITCPQVTQSLAPCVPYLISG, resembles the non-specific lipid transfer proteins in certain plants. PHP exhibited lipid-binding activity. Furthermore, PHP exerted antifungal activity against Alternaria alternate, Penicillium degitatum, Rhizopus stuolonifer, and Magnaporthe grisea, and its antifungal activity was stable in the temperature range 4-60°C, and in the pH range 4-10. It inhibited the mycelial growth in A. alternate, P. degitatum, R. stuolonifer, and M. grisea with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 1.5, 37.5, 8.44, and 12.19 μM, respectively. PHP was also able to inhibit the proliferation of esophagus carcinoma (Eca-109), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), gastric carcinoma (MGC-7), and melanoma (B16) cells with IC(50) of 0.7, 2.74, 3.13, and 1.47 μM, respectively. Moreover, PHP significantly inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with an IC(50) of 1.26 μM. It did not have hemagglutinating and antibacterial activities. In conclusion, a novel antifungal protein with antiproliferation and anti-HIV-1 RT activities was obtained from P. harmala seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Khlifi D, Sghaier RM, Amouri S, Laouini D, Hamdi M, Bouajila J. Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalpensis L. and Peganum harmala L. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:202-8. [PMID: 23333573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, biological activities of methanolic extracts from Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalpensis L. and Peganum harmala L. plants, collected in Centre of Tunisia, were investigated. Results showed an important phenolic composition of Artemisia herba-alba (123.95±4.3g GAE/kg of dry mass). The extract of this plant showed, using different antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS and AAPH/linoleic acid methods) and an IFN-γ/LPS induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages' assay, the highest antioxidant (IC50 (DPPH assay) 20.64±0.84mg/L) and anti-inflammatory (72% inhibition at 150mg/L) activities, respectively. Excepting Peganum harmala L. extract, the two other extracts showed a high anticancer activity against several cell lines (human bladder carcinoma RT112, human laryngeal carcinoma Hep2 and human myelogenous leukemia K562), for A. herba-laba IC50=81.59±4.4, 59.05±3.66 and 90.96mg/L respectively, but not on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All these biological activities are well correlated with the phenolic contents of these extracts. These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of these plants as valuable source of antioxidants with exhibit original and interesting anti-inflammatory and anticancer capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daycem Khlifi
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Wen FF, Zheng LM, Li XJ, Li Y, Zhang L, Cheng XM, Wang CH, Wang ZT. [Research on quality standards of herbs of Peganum harmala]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012; 37:2971-2976. [PMID: 23270245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standards of the herbs of Peganum harmala. METHOD According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version, volume 1) and its appendix method, the water, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble extractives, and heavy metal were analyzed for herbs of P. harmala. TLC method was used to separate harmaline, harmine and vasicine from the herb samples by mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (10: 1.5: 0.5) as a developing solvent on high performance silica gel precoated plate (HSGF254) and to identify them inspected under UV 366 nm, visualized by spraying with both Dragendorff reagent, and by bioautographic assay. In the HPLC method, vasicine was separated on a C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with metnanol-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (15:85) as the mobile phase and detected at at 280 nm. RESULT In the TLC procedures, 254 nm fluorescent and bioautographic assay for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can be used for the qualitative identification of the active ingredients. For the HPLC quantitation method, the calibration curve of vasicine displayed ideal linearity over the range of 0.7923-792.3 mg x L(-1) with the regression equation of Y = 18,227X - 24.879 (r = 0.9999). The average recovery of vasicine was 101.6% with a RSD of 1.9%. The RSD values of intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 2%. The content of vasicine in 10 batches of herbs of P. harmala fluctuates between 0.23% and 1.47%. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the limit of vasicine was not lower than 0.6%, and the water, total ash, acid insoluble ash, and water-soluble extractives were not more than 10.0%, 20.0%, 1.7%, and 30.0%, respectively. The heavy metal of plumbum, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper were not more than 5, 3, 2, 2, and 20 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The qualitative and quantitative method established was suitable for the quality evaluation and assessment of herbs of P. harmala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-fang Wen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Grabher P, Durieu E, Kouloura E, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis LA, Meijer L, Hamburger M, Potterat O. Library-based discovery of DYRK1A/CLK1 inhibitors from natural product extracts. Planta Med 2012; 78:951-6. [PMID: 22673832 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A possesses diverse roles in neuronal development and adult brain physiology, and increased activity has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Very few inhibitors of this kinase have been reported up to now. Screening of a library of > 900 plant and fungal extracts afforded 25 extracts with IC₅₀s < 10 µg/mL against DYRK1A. To identify the active constituents, the extracts were submitted to a process integrating physicochemical data with biological information, referred to as HPLC-based activity profiling. Follow-up investigation of four extracts led to the targeted isolation of harmine (1, IC₅₀ 0.022 µM) from Peganum harmala, emodin (3, IC₅₀ 4.2 µM) from Cassia nigricans, kaempferol (4, IC₅₀ 0.91 µM) from Cuscuta chinensis, and 3,8-di-O-methylherbacetin (11, IC₅₀ 8.6 µM), 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylmyricetin (12, IC₅₀ 7.1 µM) and ombuin (15, IC₅₀ 1.7 µM) from Larrea tridentata as the active constituents. Active extracts and compounds were also tested on the closely related cdc2-like kinase CLK1. Finally, the selectivity profile of compounds was evaluated by including other members of the DYRKs and CLKs families. While the flavonoids and emodin did not show significant differences in the potency of their activities, harmine (1) was most active against DYRK1A, CLK1, and CLK4, and less potent against the other kinases, with selectivity ranging from 2- to 20-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Grabher
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Liu B. [Study on chemical constituents of Peganum multisectum]. Zhong Yao Cai 2011; 34:1719-1721. [PMID: 22506396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical consituents of Peganum multisectum. METHODS The compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS Six alkaloids were isolated and identifiedas deoxyvasicinone (1), l-vasicinone (2), harmine (3), vasicine (4), evodiamin (5), and fagomine (6). CONCLUSION Compounds 5 and 6 are isolated from this genus for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China.
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Soliman AM, Fahmy SR. Protective and curative effects of the 15 KD isolated protein from the Peganum harmala L. seeds against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in brain, tests and erythrocytes of rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15:888-899. [PMID: 21845799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the protective and curative effects of the 15 KD protein isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the protective study, animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with 15 KD isolated protein at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg body weight as well as vitamin C (250 mg/kg body weight p.o) for 7 days and then challenged with CCl4 orally (1 ml/kg body weight) in olive oil (50%) for 2 days. In the curative study, rats were administered CCl4 orally for 2 days, then treated intraperitoneally with 15 KD protein (4 and 8 mg/kg body weight) and orally with vitamin C. RESULTS Administration of CCl4 induced induction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in brain, testes and erythrocytes. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in brain was also inhibited by CCl4 administration. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of rats either pre or post CCl4 intoxication successfully alleviated the oxidative stress in the brain, testes and erythrocytes of the experimental animals. Data also showed that the isolated protein possessed strong antioxidant activity comparable to that of vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
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Abstract
Luotonins are alkaloids from the aerial parts of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge. that display three major skeleton types. Luotonins A, B, and E are pyrroloquinazolino-quinoline alkaloids, luotonins C and D are canthin-6-one alkaloids, and luotonin F is a 4(3H)-quinazolinone alkaloid. All six luotonins have shown promising cytotoxicities towards selected human cancer cell lines, especially against leukemia P-388 cells. Luotonin A is the most active one, with its activity stemming from topoisomerase I-dependent DNA-cleavage. Such intriguing biological activities and unique structures have led not only to the development of synthetic methods for the efficient synthesis of these compounds, but also to interest in structural modifications for improving the biological properties. Recent progress in the study of luotonins is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yurngdong Jahng
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-82-53-810-2821; Fax: +1-53-810-4654
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Ivanova A, Serly J, Christov V, Stamboliyska B, Molnar J. Alkaloids derived from genus Veratrum and Peganum of Mongolian origin as multidrug resistance inhibitors of cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:570-5. [PMID: 21262330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids comprise one of the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites including vinca alkaloids. The ability of six alkaloids from Veratrum lobelianum, one from Veratrum nigrum and three from Peganum nigellastrum to modify transport activity of MDR1 was studied. Flow-cytometry in a multidrug-resistant human MDR1-gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y) was applied. The inhibition of multidrug resistance was investigated by measuring the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in cancer cells. Veralosinine and veranigrine were the most effective resistance modifiers. In a checkerboard method veralosinine and veranigrine enhanced the antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin on MDR cells in combination. The structure-activity relationships were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Ivanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G Bonchev Str Bl 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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Li S, Yang B, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu W. Synthesis and bioactivity of beta-carboline derivatives. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5:1591-1596. [PMID: 21121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-carboline alkaloids possess a wide diversity of important biochemical effects and pharmacological properties. A series of beta-carboline derivatives were synthesized from L-tryptophan through the Pictet-Spengler reaction and oxidation of K2Cr2O7 by a sequential one-pot synthesis method. In vitro anti-bacterial, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities of all synthesized compounds were investigated by the tablet diffusion, leaf disc, and MTT methods, respectively. Some of the compounds (1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-12) exhibited obvious anti-bacterial effects and some (1-3) had significant cytotoxic activities against tumor cells 3LL, MCF-7, BGC-823 and QGY-7701, with IC50 values of 7.79, 5.75, 3.53 and 4.02 microg/mL, respectively. No insecticidal activity against third stage instar larvae of Mythimna separata Walker were observed under the tested concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science and College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ding K, Liu L, Cheng X, Wang C, Wang Z. [Investigation on representation methods of dissolubility property of total alkaloid extract from Peganum harmala]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2010; 35:2250-2253. [PMID: 21137330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the representation methods of dissolubility property of total alkaloid extract from Peganum hamala in different solvents, and to investigate the evaluation method of the dissolubility property of extracts from traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD The dissolubility property of the whole extract and markers of harmaline and harmine, as well as the particle diameter distribution of the extract in different solvents were evaluated by precipitation method, solubility test, and the particle diameter test. RESULT Both the alkaloid extract and it's index ingredients had good solubility in absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, and 80% ethanol, while the solubility in 60% ethanol was poor, and worst in water. The sequence of particle diameter of extract in solvents was in the following order water > 95% ethanol > 60% ethanol > 60% ethanol > 80% ethanol. CONCLUSION The extract has good solubility in the ethanol solution whose concentration is over 80%. The results between precipitation method and index components method have certain correlation. The particle diameter method can provide distribution information of the extract in different solvents. Combination of those three methods could reflect the dissolubility property of extracts from traditional Chinese medicine more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Cheng XM, Zhao T, Yang T, Wang CH, Bligh SWA, Wang ZT. HPLC fingerprints combined with principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis for the classification and differentiation of Peganum sp. indigenous to China. Phytochem Anal 2010; 21:279-289. [PMID: 20020435 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seeds of wild Peganum harmala Linn., P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobr., P. nigellastrum Bunge and a probable indeterminate species, herein referred to as P. variety, are commonly used in Chinese medicine. These seeds cannot be differentiated based on morphology. OBJECTIVE Seeds of P. harmala Linn., P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobr., P. nigellastrum Bunge and P. variety were collected in different provinces in China and their HPLC profiles were recorded for statistical analysis and pattern recognition.Methodology - HPLC chromatograms of seed extracts were recorded under the same conditions. Individual HPLC chromatograms for each species were evaluated against the mean chromatogram for the same species generated using a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). RESULTS The Peganum sp. seed extracts had similar HPLC fingerprints but with some inter-specific differences. The chromatographic fingerprints combined with PCA, HCA and LDA could distinguish the seeds of the different species of Peganum investigated. CONCLUSION HPLC fingerprints can be used to authenticate and differentiate the seeds of three different species of genus Peganum indigenous to China. The results indicated that the unidentified P. variety might indeed be a new species or variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-mei Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardisation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Berrougui H, Isabelle M, Cloutier M, Hmamouchi M, Khalil A. Protective effects of Peganum harmala L. extract, harmine and harmaline against human low-density lipoprotein oxidation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:967-74. [PMID: 16805957 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.7.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles has been implicated in the process of atherogenesis. Antioxidants that prevent LDL from oxidation may reduce atherosclerosis. We have investigated the protective effect of Peganum harmala-extract (P-extract) and the two major alkaloids (harmine and harmaline) from the seeds of P. harmala against CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation. Through determination of the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene as well as the lag phase, the extract (P-extract) and compounds were found to possess an inhibitory effect. Moreover, harmaline and harmine reduced the rate of vitamin E disappearance and exhibited a significant free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH•). However, harmaline had a markedly higher antioxidant capacity than harmine in scavenging or preventive capacity against free radicals as well as inhibiting the aggregation of the LDL protein moiety (apolipoprotein B) induced by oxidation. The results suggested that P. harmala compounds could be a major source of compounds that inhibit LDL oxidative modification induced by copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Berrougui
- Research Centre on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada (QC).
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Hamden K, Carreau S, Ayadi F, Masmoudi H, El Feki A. Inhibitory effect of estrogens, phytoestrogens, and caloric restriction on oxidative stress and hepato-toxicity in aged rats. Biomed Environ Sci 2009; 22:381-387. [PMID: 20163062 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2), peganum harmala extract (PHE) administration and calorie restriction (CR) treatment (60%) on oxidative stress and hepato-toxicity in aged rats. METHODS Eighteen months old animals that were treated at the age of 12 months were divided into 4 groups: normal control group with free access to food, E2 treatment group, PHE treatment group and CR treatment group of the food given to control group. Six male rats at the age of 4 months were used as a reference group. RESULTS Aging significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased lactate deshydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glytamyl transferase (GGT), phosphatase alkalines (PAL), aspartate and lactate transaminase (AST and ALT) activities in the liver. Aging also induced an increased lipid peroxidation level, histological changes and a decreased E2 level. However, treatment with E2, PHE, and CR increased 17beta-estradiol, and decreased hepatic dysfunction parameters and lipid peroxidation as well as histological changes in the liver of aged rats. CONCLUSION The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of PHE and CR is possibly attributed to its ability to increase E2 level, which as an antioxidant, acts as a scavenger of ROS. Further studies on the pharmaceutical functions of E2 in males may contribute to its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hamden
- USC 2006 INRA- EA 2608, Biochemistry-University of Caen, France.
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Pulpati H, Biradar YS, Rajani M. High-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometric method for the quantification of harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone in Peganum harmala. J AOAC Int 2008; 91:1179-1185. [PMID: 18980138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Peganum harmala Linn. seed is a reputed drug of the Indian systems of medicine. We report a simple high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometric method for the quantification of 4 alkaloids, viz., harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone from P. harmala seed. The 4 compounds were resolved in ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (7 + 1 + 0.3, v/v/v) mobile phase. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Instrumental precision was 0.27, 1.53, 0.39, and 1.15% [relative standard deviation (RSD)] and repeatability of the method was 1.01, 0.79, 0.13, and 1.62% RSD for harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone, respectively. Accuracy of the method was checked by a recovery study conducted at 3 different levels, and the average recovery was 97.88% for harmine, 97.69% for harmaline, 98.38% for vasicine, and 98.28% for vasicinone. The 4 compounds were quantified in P. harmala seed using the method, and it was found to contain 0.44, 0.096, 0.25, and 0.0007% (w/w) of each, respectively. The proposed HPTLC densitometric method for the quantification of the 4 compounds was found to be simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and accurate. It can be used for routine quality control of P. harmala seed and has the ability to quantify the 4 marker compounds in the formulations containing P. harmala. It also can be used to quantify any of these marker compounds in other herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Pulpati
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Center, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Department, Thaltej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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