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Maliński MP, Budzianowski J, Kikowska M, Derda M, Jaworska MM, Mlynarczyk DT, Szukalska M, Florek E, Thiem B. Two Ecdysteroids Isolated from Micropropagated Lychnis flos-cuculi and the Biological Activity of Plant Material. Molecules 2021; 26:904. [PMID: 33572129 PMCID: PMC7914685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically uniform plant material, derived from Lychnis flos-cuculi propagated in vitro, was used for the isolation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B and subjected to an evaluation of the antifungal and antiamoebic activity. The activity of 80% aqueous methanolic extracts, their fractions, and isolated ecdysteroids were studied against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani. Additionally, a Microtox® acute toxicity assay was performed. It was found that an 80% methanolic fraction of root extract exerts the most potent amoebicidal activity at IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL at the 3rd day of treatment. Both ecdysteroids show comparable activity at IC50 of 0.07 mg/mL. The acute toxicity of 80% fractions at similar concentrations is significantly higher than that of 40% fractions. Crude extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range of 1.25-2.5 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first to show the biological activity of L. flos-cuculi in terms of the antifungal and antiamoebic activities and acute toxicity. It is also the first isolation of the main ecdysteroids from L. flos-cuculi micropropagated, ecdysteroid-rich plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał P. Maliński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Małgorzata Kikowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Monika Derda
- Chair and Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marcelina M. Jaworska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka St., 60-780 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd St., 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Barbara Thiem
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland; (J.B.); (M.K.); (B.T.)
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Chiboub O, Ktari L, Sifaoui I, López-Arencibia A, Reyes-Batlle M, Mejri M, Valladares B, Abderrabba M, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. In vitro amoebicidal and antioxidant activities of some Tunisian seaweeds. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:76-80. [PMID: 29102681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae of genus Acanthamoeba are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment, and are the causative agents of several humans' infections, such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis and also disseminated infections. The existence of the cyst stage complicates Acanthamoeba therapy as it is highly resistant to antibiotics and physical agents. All these facts reinforced the necessity to find and develop an effective therapy against Acanthamoeba infections. In the present study, we are interested to several seaweeds species collected from the Tunisian coasts and belonging to the 3 phyla (brown, green and red algae). The aim was to quantify the Total Phenolic Compounds in different organic extract, to evaluate antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) and to study the antiprotozoal activity against A. castellanii Neff. The parasites have been inhibited by all extracts with an IC50 ranged from 52,3±1.8 μg/mL for ethyl acetate extract, to 134,6±0.7 μg/mL for the hexanic one for the various species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Chiboub
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), 28, Rue du 2 mars 1934, 2035, Salammbô, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Ktari
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), 28, Rue du 2 mars 1934, 2035, Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes-Batlle
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Mondher Mejri
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Basilio Valladares
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - José E Piñero
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Zouaghi G, Najar A, Chiboub O, Sifaoui I, Abderrabba M, Lorenzo Morales J. The effect of viroid infection of citrus trees on the amoebicidal activity of 'Maltese half-blood' (Citrus sinensis) against trophozoite stage of Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:182-186. [PMID: 28916460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to promote a local Tunisian product, this study was designed to examine, for the first time, the anti-Acanthamoeba activity (Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff) of the essential oils of Tunisian Citrus sinensis peels (Maltese half-blood) and the effect of viroid plant infection on this activity. To do so, three samples of peels' essential oils were studied: from a healthy plant (Control), a plant inoculated with Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and one inoculated with hot stunt cachexia viroid (HSVd). The samples were extracted by hydrodistillation from dried peels and characterized by GC-MS. Limonene was the major component with a percentage ranging from 90.76 to 93.34% for (CEVd) sample and (Control), respectively. Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of the tested oils was determined by the Alamar Blue® assay. Primary results showed a strong potential anti-Acanthamoeba activity with an IC50 ranging from 36.6 to 54.58 μg/ml for (HSVd) and (CEVd) samples, respectively. In terms of the effect of viroid infection, a strong positive correlation was observed between different chemical classes and anti-Acanthamoeba activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaya Zouaghi
- Laboratory Materials, Molecules, Applications, IPEST (Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies), University of Carthage, La Marsa 2070, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Asma Najar
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Rue Hédi Karray, 1004 El 9 Menzah, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Chiboub
- Laboratory Materials, Molecules, Applications, IPEST (Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies), University of Carthage, La Marsa 2070, Tunis, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Laboratory Materials, Molecules, Applications, IPEST (Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies), University of Carthage, La Marsa 2070, Tunis, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratory Materials, Molecules, Applications, IPEST (Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies), University of Carthage, La Marsa 2070, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jacob Lorenzo Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Shohaib HM, Nawaz S, Matin A. Methanolic extract of Peganum harmala exhibit potent activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and its encystment in vitro. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1993-1996. [PMID: 28375115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii is member of free living amoeba that may cause painful sight-threatening keratitis and life threatening encephalitis which involves central nervous system. Treatments for both infections are problematic because of the amoebic cysts resistance to therapeutic agents. Here we evaluated in vitro strength of methanolic seed extract of Peganum harmala on Acanthamoeba cysts and its encystment mechanism. Our results revealed seed extracts (1 to 30mg/ml) exhibited amoebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Furthermore Acanthamoeba encystment was also inhibited in concentration dependent manner with maximum inhibition at 2µg/ml after 48h incubation. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that methanolic extracts exhibit remarkable inhibition of Acanthamoeba cysts and encystment in vitro which could serve a potential new natural agent against Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Shohaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Salik Nawaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Matin
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan / Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
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Quintanilla-Licea R, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Kavimngeles-Hernández I, Garza-González JN, Hernández-García ME. Antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica of plants used in northeast Mexican traditional medicine. Bioactive compounds from Lippia graveolens and Ruta chalepensis. Molecules 2014; 19:21044-65. [PMID: 25517343 PMCID: PMC6271573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. Only 18 extracts showed a significant inhibiting activity and among them six plant extracts showed more than 80% growth inhibition against E. histolytica at a concentration of 150 µg/mL and the IC50 values of these extracts were determined. Lippia graveolens Kunth and Ruta chalepensis Pers. showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol (1) and chalepensin (2), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Benito David Mata-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Fabio Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Isvar Kavimngeles-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Norberto Garza-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Magda Elizabeth Hernández-García
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
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Mfotie Njoya E, Moundipa PF, Stopper H. In vitro genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of the aqueous extract of Codiaeum variegatum and its amoebicidal sub-fraction. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:823-829. [PMID: 24971796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Codiaeum variegatum, grown in many varieties, has been widely used as a houseplant based on its brightly decorative foliage. In addition, a variety of this plant has been used for a long time against bloody diarrhea by the local population in Cameroon. AIM OF THE STUDY In our previous study, the aqueous extract of this plant and an isolated sub-fraction exhibited significant anti-amoebic activity on axenic culture of Entamoeba histolytica. Due to the medicinal value of these extracts, we promptly initiated to investigate their genotoxic and mutagenic potential in order to assure their safe and rationale usage in traditional healthcare system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Both extracts were incubated with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, primary hepatic cells and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and their genotoxicity and mutagenicity were evaluated by quantifying DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations through comet assay, micronucleus assay and mouse lymphoma mutation assay. RESULTS The aqueous extract of Codiaeum variegatum is not cytotoxic up to 2000 µg/mL while the amoebicidal fraction is significantly cytotoxic (≤40-55%) on L5178Y mouse lymphoma and HepG2 cells at concentrations higher than 500 µg/mL. Besides, no significant DNA damage and induction of micronucleus formation were identified at concentrations up to 2000 µg/mL. Moreover, the mutagenic potential of these extracts after short (4 h) and long term (24 h) treatment, revealed no significant gene mutation induction. CONCLUSION The aqueous extract of Codiaeum variegatum and the amoebicidal fraction SF9B are neither genotoxic on non-competent or metabolic competent cell lines, nor mutagenic in mouse lymphoma mutation assay and therefore they could be safely used at lower doses for medicinal purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Paul F Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Baig AM, Kulsoom H, Khan NA. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: amoebicidal effects of clinically approved drugs against Naegleria fowleri. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:760-762. [PMID: 24493160 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.072306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Kulsoom
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Derda M, Thiem B, Budzianowski J, Wojt WJ, Wojtkowiak-Giera A. The evaluation of the amebicidal activity of Eryngium planum extracts. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:1027-1034. [PMID: 24383326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Selected fractions of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and roots of Eryngium planum (Apiaceae) were evaluated in vitro for amebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii. This free-living ameba is the cause of Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is a painful, vision-impairing disease of the eyes, and chronic granulomatous amebic encephalitis. Treatment is very difficult and not always effective because of encystation, which makes the amebae highly resistant to anti-amebic drugs. The search for novel natural amebicidal agents is still of current interest. Fractions of E. planum ethanolic extract from basal leaves: flavonoid fraction (Lf), flavonoid-saponin fraction (Lf-s), saponin fraction (Ls) and phenolic acids fraction (La) and from roots: saponin fraction (Rs) and phenolic acids fraction (Ra) were assayed for antiamebic activity. In the presence of the saponin fractions and phenolic acid fractions (ranging from 1-5 mg/mL), the number of the trofozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii viable strain 309 decreased during the experimental period (0-72 h). On the other hand, the flavonoid fraction from leaves showed a stimulating activity on the amebae. Almost all fractions (except the flavonoid fraction) showed a time- and dose-dependent amebistatic activity on the trophozoites. Of the fractions tested, the phenolic acid fraction from roots at the concentration of 5 mg/L showed the amebicidal activity on the trophozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Derda
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Thiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny St., 61-861 Poznań, Poland
| | - Waldemar Jerzy Wojt
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract
Hexane, ethanol and water extracts of plants used by South African traditional healers for treating stomach ailments were screened for antibacterial, anthelmintic and anti-amoebic activities. To evaluate antibacterial activity, the disc-diffusion assay was used against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Minimal inhibitory concentration values were determined with a microdilution assay. Ethanolic extracts showed the greatest activity, and Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible microorganisms. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used in two different assays to evaluate anthelmintic activity. A microdilution technique was employed to investigate anti-amoebic activity against the enteropathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. These assays were suitable for the screening of a large number of extracts at one time. Several plants exhibited significant activity against these test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J McGaw
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Di Stasi LC. Amoebicidal compounds from medicinal plants. Parassitologia 1995; 37:29-39. [PMID: 8532364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of the natural constituents with amoebicidal activity isolated from several medicinal plants is shown. A list of the medicinal plants potentially active as amoebicide and/or against dysentery also is demonstrated. The present data grouping of the natural compounds and medicinal plants can be an important source of information for the selection of research plant material by the investigators interested in the discovery of new biologically active compounds as amoebicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Di Stasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Three antibiotic peptides with amoebolytic activity have been purified from culture supernatants of Bacillus licheniformis M-4 (amoebicins m4-A, m4-B, and m4-C). They were hydrophilic peptides consisting of six different amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, Pro, Tyr). Their molecular weights ranged from 3,000 to 3,200. Purified amoebicins were active against human pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Naegleria. They also showed a broad antifungal spectrum, but a narrow antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lebbadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Gálvez A, Maqueda M, Cordovilla P, Martínez-Bueno M, Lebbadi M, Valdivia E. Characterization and biological activity against Naegleria fowleri of amoebicins produced by Bacillus licheniformis D-13. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1314-9. [PMID: 8092831 PMCID: PMC188204 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.6.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The strain Bacillus licheniformis D-13 produces three hydrophobic peptides (amoebicins d13-A, d13-B, and d13-C) that elicit antiamoebic activity against human-pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of Naegleria and have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The three amoebicins have the same amino acid composition (three Asp, two Glu, two Val, and nine Leu residues) and molecular weight (1,870). Amoebicin d13-B causes lysis of amoebae through disorganization of the cell membrane. It also induces permeability to 86Rb and membrane disruption in asolectin vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gálvez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Gálvez A, Valdivia E, González-Segura A, Lebbadi M, Martínez-Bueno M, Maqueda M. Purification, characterization, and lytic activity against Naegleria fowleri of two amoebicins produced by Bacillus licheniformis A12. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:1480-6. [PMID: 8517742 PMCID: PMC182107 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.5.1480-1486.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis A12 produces two amoebolytic substances (amoebicins A12-A and A12-B) in liquid media during sporulation. Both substances have been purified and characterized. They are heat- and protease-resistant peptides containing aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, proline, and tyrosine in a molar ratio of 5:2:2:2:2. No fatty acids or carbohydrates have been detected. Their molecular weight is 1,430. Purified amoebicins A12-A and A12-B exhibit amoebolytic action against Naegleria fowleri. They also exhibit antibiotic action against yeasts (Saccharomyces heterogenicus and Cryptococcus neoformans) and several fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Microsporum canis, Mucor plumbeus, and Trychophyton mentagrophytes). Their antibacterial spectrum appears to be restricted to Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Sarcina sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gálvez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Segura JJ, Morales-Ramos LH, Verde-Star J, Guerra D. [Growth inhibition of Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens produced by pomegranate root (Punica granatum L.)]. Arch Invest Med (Mex) 1990; 21:235-9. [PMID: 2131771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work has been to evaluate the biological activity of alkaloids and tannins extracted from roots of Punica granatum L. on axenic cultures from Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens, strains. Initially, the total aqueous extract and later some of its components obtained by thin layer chromatography were tested. These compounds were identified by chromatography as alkaloids or tannins. The density of amebic cultures was determined with a hemocytometer after 48 and 96 hours of incubation, which was calculated by the difference between number of trophozoites obtained at the times chosen and the number of amoebae inoculated. Two milliliters of aqueous extract had higher activity on cultures from E. histolytica than E. invadens strains, producing growth inhibitions of about 100 and 40 per cent respectively. Alkaloid concentrations of 1 mg/ml had no amebicide activity, however tannins at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml for E. histolytica, and 100 micrograms/ml for E. invadens were sufficient to produce an growth inhibition about 100 per cent. Tannic acid was also tested on the cultures of E. histolytica observing an high inhibitory activity on the growth, this effect was produced at 0.01 mg/ml was similar to that observed with the tannins mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Segura
- Unidad de Inv. Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Monterrey, N.L. México
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Abstract
Bruceantin, purified from an Ethiopian plant used to treat dysentery, killed Entamoeba histolytica in vitro (IC50 [the concentration of drug which decreased the number of colonies to half that of controls] = 0.018 microgram/ml). Six related quassinoids of 17 tested were also amoebicidal. No relationship between quassinoid structure and amoebicidal activity was apparent.
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