1
|
Gueno J, Borg M, Bourdareau S, Cossard G, Godfroy O, Lipinska A, Tirichine L, Cock J, Coelho S. Chromatin landscape associated with sexual differentiation in a UV sex determination system. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3307-3322. [PMID: 35253891 PMCID: PMC8989524 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotes, such as dioicous mosses and many algae, sex is determined by UV sex chromosomes and is expressed during the haploid phase of the life cycle. In these species, the male and female developmental programs are initiated by the presence of the U- or V-specific regions of the sex chromosomes but, as in XY and ZW systems, sexual differentiation is largely driven by autosomal sex-biased gene expression. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of sex-biased expression of genes during sexual differentiation remain elusive. Here, we investigated the extent and nature of epigenomic changes associated with UV sexual differentiation in the brown alga Ectocarpus, a model UV system. Six histone modifications were quantified in near-isogenic lines, leading to the identification of 16 chromatin signatures across the genome. Chromatin signatures correlated with levels of gene expression and histone PTMs changes in males versus females occurred preferentially at genes involved in sex-specific pathways. Despite the absence of chromosome scale dosage compensation and the fact that UV sex chromosomes recombine across most of their length, the chromatin landscape of these chromosomes was remarkably different to that of autosomes. Hotspots of evolutionary young genes in the pseudoautosomal regions appear to drive the exceptional chromatin features of UV sex chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Gueno
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Michael Borg
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Bourdareau
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Guillaume Cossard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Olivier Godfroy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Agnieszka Lipinska
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leila Tirichine
- Nantes Universite, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Recently, it was pointed out that classic models for the evolution of anisogamy do not take into account the possibility of parthenogenetic reproduction, even though sex is facultative in many relevant taxa (e.g., algae) that harbour both anisogamous and isogamous species. Here, we complement this recent analysis with an approach where we assume that the relationship between progeny size and its survival may differ between parthenogenetically and sexually produced progeny, favouring either the former or the latter. We show that previous findings that parthenogenesis can stabilise isogamy relative to the obligate sex case, extend to our scenarios. We additionally investigate two different ways for one mating type to take over the entire population. First, parthenogenesis can lead to biased sex ratios that are sufficiently extreme that one type can displace the other, leading to de facto asexuality for the remaining type that now lacks partners to fuse with. This process involves positive feedback: microgametes, being numerous, lack opportunities for syngamy, and should they proliferate parthenogenetically, the next generation makes this asexual route even more prominent for microgametes. Second, we consider mutations to strict asexuality in producers of micro- or macrogametes, and show that the prospects of asexual invasion depend strongly on the mating type in which the mutation arises. Perhaps most interestingly, we also find scenarios in which parthenogens have an intrinsic survival advantage yet facultatively sexual isogamous populations are robust to the invasion of asexuals, despite us assuming no genetic benefits of recombination. Here, equal contribution from both mating types to zygotes that are sufficiently well provisioned can outweigh the additional costs associated with syngamy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Wang X, Yao J, Li W, Duan D. MiR8181 is involved in the cell growth regulation of Saccharina japonica. J Plant Physiol 2021; 260:153394. [PMID: 33676110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aureochrome, a blue-light receptor specifically found in photosynthetic stramenopiles, plays an important role in algal growth and development. It holds a reversed effector-sensor topology for the reception of blue light, acting as a candidate of optogenetic tool in transcriptional regulation. However, the inner regulatory mechanism of aureochrome is still unclear. In this study, we explored the potential regulatory relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs by small RNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing in Saccharina japonica. Through screening miRNA-mRNA interaction networks at the whole-genome level, we found that 18 miRNAs perfectly paired with aureochrome. Among these screened miRNAs, miR8181 was negatively correlated with aureochrome5 with high credibility, exhibiting tissue-specific expression in sporophyte of S. japonica. Degradome analysis further revealed the exact cleavage site of miR8181 on aureochrome5, confirming their targeting relationship. For the 54 target genes of miR8181, nine genes that exhibited similar expression to that of aureochrome5 competed for the same binding site, thus establishing a competing endogenous RNA network. Functional enrichment of the target genes revealed that miR8181 was involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and development in S. japonica. Moreover, overexpression of miR8181 resulted in significant decreases in the cell growth rates of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, suggesting negative roles of miR8181 in regulating cell growth. Our study revealed that miR8181, the targeting miRNA of aureochrome5, played negative roles in cell growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bourdareau S, Tirichine L, Lombard B, Loew D, Scornet D, Wu Y, Coelho SM, Cock JM. Histone modifications during the life cycle of the brown alga Ectocarpus. Genome Biol 2021; 22:12. [PMID: 33397407 PMCID: PMC7784034 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown algae evolved complex multicellularity independently of the animal and land plant lineages and are the third most developmentally complex phylogenetic group on the planet. An understanding of developmental processes in this group is expected to provide important insights into the evolutionary events necessary for the emergence of complex multicellularity. Here, we focus on mechanisms of epigenetic regulation involving post-translational modifications of histone proteins. RESULTS A total of 47 histone post-translational modifications are identified, including a novel mark H2AZR38me1, but Ectocarpus lacks both H3K27me3 and the major polycomb complexes. ChIP-seq identifies modifications associated with transcription start sites and gene bodies of active genes and with transposons. H3K79me2 exhibits an unusual pattern, often marking large genomic regions spanning several genes. Transcription start sites of closely spaced, divergently transcribed gene pairs share a common nucleosome-depleted region and exhibit shared histone modification peaks. Overall, patterns of histone modifications are stable through the life cycle. Analysis of histone modifications at generation-biased genes identifies a correlation between the presence of specific chromatin marks and the level of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The overview of histone post-translational modifications in the brown alga presented here will provide a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding the role of chromatin modifications in the regulation of brown algal genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bourdareau
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Leila Tirichine
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, UFIP, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Bérangère Lombard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Delphine Scornet
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Yue Wu
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, UFIP, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France.
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - J Mark Cock
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu F, Yang M, Ding P, Zhang X, Chen Z, Ding J, Chi X, Luo J, Zhao C, Chang Y. Effects of the brown algae Sargassum horneri and Saccharina japonica on survival, growth and resistance of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12495. [PMID: 32719343 PMCID: PMC7385652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass mortality of the long line culture of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in summer, which is greatly associated with their disease, energy storage and resistant abilities, is the most serious problem for the development of the aquaculture. Here, a feeding experiment was conducted for ~ 9 weeks to investigate the survival, growth and gonadal development of small S. intermedius (~ 3 cm) fed either brown algae Sargassum horneri or Saccharina japonica. Subsequently, we assessed their resistant abilities via observing the behaviors of righting, tube feet extension and Aristotle's lantern reflex at both moderately elevated and acutely changed water temperatures. Sea urchins fed S. horneri showed significantly fewer diseased individuals and slower gonadal development than those fed S. japonica. Consistently, significantly greater Aristotle's lantern reflex occurred in sea urchins fed S. horneri at moderately elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that S. horneri has direct application potential as food for the long line culture of S. intermedius in summer because of the advantage in health, energy storage (avoid the energy loss caused by gonadal development at small body sizes) and resistance abilities. In comparison, sea urchins fed S. japonica outperformed those fed S. horneri for all experimental behaviors under the acutely changed water temperatures. These findings clearly suggest that S. intermedius fed S. japonica is more suitable for the areas with cold water mass in summer, because it can effectively avoid or reduce the negative impacts of acute changes of water temperature on sea urchins. The present study provides valuable information into the management of the long line culture of S. intermedius in summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhouling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingyun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaomei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li H, Monteiro C, Heinrich S, Bartsch I, Valentin K, Harms L, Glöckner G, Corre E, Bischof K. Responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) to the warming Arctic: from physiology to transcriptomics. Physiol Plant 2020; 168:5-26. [PMID: 31267544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is currently facing substantial environmental changes due to global warming. Melting glaciers cause reduced salinity environments in coastal Arctic habitats, which may be stressful for kelp beds. To investigate the responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima to the warming Arctic, we studied the transcriptomic changes of S. latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) over a 24-hour exposure to two salinities (Absolute Salinity [SA ] 20 and 30) after a 7-day pre-acclimation at three temperatures (0, 8 and 15°C). In addition, corresponding physiological data were assessed during an 11-days salinity/temperature experiment. Growth and maximal quantum yield for photosystem II fluorescence were positively affected by increased temperature during acclimation, whereas hyposalinity caused negative effects at the last day of treatment. In contrast, hyposalinity induced marked changes on the transcriptomic level. Compared to the control (8°C - SA 30), the 8°C - SA 20 exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by the 0°C - SA 20. Comparisons indicate that S. latissima tends to convert its energy from primary metabolism (e.g. photosynthesis) to antioxidant activity under hyposaline stress. The increase in physiological performance at 15°C shows that S. latissima in the Arctic region can adjust and might even benefit from increased temperatures. However, in Arctic fjord environments its performance might become impaired by decreased salinity as a result of ice melting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Cátia Monteiro
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, 29680, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Sandra Heinrich
- Molecular Plant Genetics, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Klaus Valentin
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Lars Harms
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Kai Bischof
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rabillé H, Torode TA, Tesson B, Le Bail A, Billoud B, Rolland E, Le Panse S, Jam M, Charrier B. Alginates along the filament of the brown alga Ectocarpus help cells cope with stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12956. [PMID: 31506545 PMCID: PMC6736953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectocarpus is a filamentous brown alga, which cell wall is composed mainly of alginates and fucans (80%), two non-crystalline polysaccharide classes. Alginates are linear chains of epimers of 1,4-linked uronic acids, β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G). Previous physico-chemical studies showed that G-rich alginate gels are stiffer than M-rich alginate gels when prepared in vitro with calcium. In order to assess the possible role of alginates in Ectocarpus, we first immunolocalised M-rich or G-rich alginates using specific monoclonal antibodies along the filament. As a second step, we calculated the tensile stress experienced by the cell wall along the filament, and varied it with hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. As a third step, we measured the stiffness of the cell along the filament, using cell deformation measurements and atomic force microscopy. Overlapping of the three sets of data allowed to show that alginates co-localise with the stiffest and most stressed areas of the filament, namely the dome of the apical cell and the shanks of the central round cells. In addition, no major distinction between M-rich and G-rich alginate spatial patterns could be observed. Altogether, these results support that both M-rich and G-rich alginates play similar roles in stiffening the cell wall where the tensile stress is high and exposes cells to bursting, and that these roles are independent from cell growth and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Rabillé
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas A Torode
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Tesson
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aude Le Bail
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
- Department of Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernard Billoud
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Elodie Rolland
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Sophie Le Panse
- Platform Merimage, FR 2424, CNRS, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Marine Glycobiology team, UMR8227, CNRS-UPMC, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Bénédicte Charrier
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee HR, Jung SM, Yoon S, Yoon WH, Park TH, Kim S, Shin HW, Hwang DS, Jung S. Immobilization of planktonic algal spores by inkjet printing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12357. [PMID: 31451717 PMCID: PMC6710280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The algal cell immobilization is a commonly used technique for treatment of waste water, production of useful metabolites and management of stock culture. However, control over the size of immobilized droplets, the population of microbes, and production rate in current techniques need to be improved. Here, we use drop-on-demand inkjet printing to immobilize spores of the alga Ecklonia cava within alginate microparticles for the first time. Microparticles with immobilized spores were generated by printing alginate-spore suspensions into a calcium chloride solution. We demonstrate that the inkjet technique can control the number of spores in an ejected droplet in the range of 0.23 to 1.87 by varying spore densities in bioink. After the printing-based spore encapsulation, we observe initial sprouting and continuous growth of thallus until 45 days of culture. Our study suggest that inkjet printing has a great potential to immobilize algae, and that the ability to control the number of encapsulated spores and their microenvironments can facilitate research into microscopic interactions of encapsulated spores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mok Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Yoon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Hee Yoon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Park
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woung Shin
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kinoshita-Terauchi N, Shiba K, Terauchi M, Romero F, Ramírez-Gómez HV, Yoshida M, Motomura T, Kawai H, Nishigaki T. High potassium seawater inhibits ascidian sperm chemotaxis, but does not affect the male gamete chemotaxis of a brown alga. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:225-231. [PMID: 31317854 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete is a general strategy to facilitate the sexual reproduction in many marine eukaryotes. Biochemical studies of chemoattractants for male gametes of brown algae have advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, but the molecular mechanism of male gamete responses to the attractants remains elusive. In sea urchin, a K+ channel called the tetraKCNG channel plays a fundamental role in sperm chemotaxis and inhibition of K+ efflux through this channel by high K+ seawater blocks almost all cell responses to the chemoattractant. This signalling mechanism could be conserved in marine invertebrates as tetraKCNG channels are conserved in the marine invertebrates that exhibit sperm chemotaxis. We confirmed that high K+ seawater also inhibited sperm chemotaxis in ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (robusta), in this study. Conversely, the male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete of a brown alga, Mutimo cylindricus, was preserved even in high K+ seawater. This result indicates that none of the K+ channels is essential for male gamete chemotaxis in the brown alga, suggesting that the signalling mechanism for chemotaxis in this brown alga is quite different from that of marine invertebrates. Correlated to this result, we revealed that the channels previously proposed as homologues of tetraKCNG in brown algae have a distinct domain composition from that of the tetraKCNG. Namely, one of them possesses two repeats of the six transmembrane segments (diKCNG) instead of four. The structural analysis suggests that diKCNG is a cyclic nucleotide-modulated and/or voltage-gated K+ channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kinoshita-Terauchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Makoto Terauchi
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Francisco Romero
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Héctor Vincente Ramírez-Gómez
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran 051-0013, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishigaki
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao X, Kim JH, Park SK, Yu OH, Kim YS, Choi HG. Diverse responses of sporophytic photochemical efficiency and gametophytic growth for two edible kelps, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, to ocean acidification and warming. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 142:315-320. [PMID: 31232310 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming represent major environmental threats to kelp mariculture. In this study, sporophytic photochemical efficiency and gametophytic growth of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida were evaluated under different pCO2 levels (360, 720, and 980 ppmv) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C for sporophytes; 15 and 20 °C for gametophytes). Sporophytic photochemical efficiencies of both kelps were significantly greater at 720 ppmv than at 360 and 980 ppmv. Female gametophytes of both kelps grew significantly better at 360 ppmv than at higher pCO2 levels. The growth of U. pinnatifida gametophytes was significantly greater at 20 °C than at 15 °C, while no significant difference was observed for the growth of S. japonica. These results indicate that increased pCO2 stimulated sporophytic photochemical efficiency while inhibited gametophytic growth of these kelps, which might negatively affect their seedling cultivation. U. pinnatifida exhibited higher productivity in warmer ocean than S. japonica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Sea & Biotech, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Kyoung Park
- Faculty of Biological Science and Sea & Biotech, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hwan Yu
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gil Choi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Sea & Biotech, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patty CHL, Ariese F, Buma WJ, Ten Kate IL, van Spanning RJM, Snik F. Circular spectropolarimetric sensing of higher plant and algal chloroplast structural variations. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:129-139. [PMID: 30141032 PMCID: PMC6548066 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes show a remarkable variability in photosynthesis, including large differences in light-harvesting proteins and pigment composition. In vivo circular spectropolarimetry enables us to probe the molecular architecture of photosynthesis in a non-invasive and non-destructive way and, as such, can offer a wealth of physiological and structural information. In the present study, we have measured the circular polarizance of several multicellular green, red, and brown algae and higher plants, which show large variations in circular spectropolarimetric signals with differences in both spectral shape and magnitude. Many of the algae display spectral characteristics not previously reported, indicating a larger variation in molecular organization than previously assumed. As the strengths of these signals vary by three orders of magnitude, these results also have important implications in terms of detectability for the use of circular polarization as a signature of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Lucas Patty
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek Ariese
- LaserLaB, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- HIMS, Photonics Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Loes Ten Kate
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J M van Spanning
- Systems Bioinformatics, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Snik
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
González CP, Edding M, Torres R, Manríquez PH. Increased temperature but not pCO 2 levels affect early developmental and reproductive traits of the economically important habitat-forming kelp Lessonia trabeculata. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:694-703. [PMID: 30301088 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ocean warming and ocean acidification on developmental and reproductive traits of Lessonia trabeculata were evaluated. Meiospores were cultured for 35 days in an experimental mesocosm where temperature (~15 and 19 °C) and partial CO2 pressure (pCO2, ~400 and 1300 μatm) were controlled. The results indicate that germination was reduced at 19 °C, whereas the increase of pCO2 only had effects at 15 °C. Likewise, the increase in temperature significantly affected the vegetative growth of female gametophytes. Sex ratio was not affected significantly by any of the variables studied. Fertility and reproductive success decreased by about 50% at 19 °C. The pCO2 levels had no significant effects on most early developmental traits. The results suggest that ocean warming or periodic warming events (e.g. an El Niño event) might affect the recruiting capacity of this or other similar species by affecting their early developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio P González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Botánica Marina, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mario Edding
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Botánica Marina, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación: Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coelho SM, Gueno J, Lipinska AP, Cock JM, Umen JG. UV Chromosomes and Haploid Sexual Systems. Trends Plant Sci 2018; 23:794-807. [PMID: 30007571 PMCID: PMC6128410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of sex determination continues to pose major questions in biology. Sex-determination mechanisms control reproductive cell differentiation and development of sexual characteristics in all organisms, from algae to animals and plants. While the underlying processes defining sex (meiosis and recombination) are conserved, sex-determination mechanisms are highly labile. In particular, a flow of new discoveries has highlighted several fascinating features of the previously understudied haploid UV sex determination and related mating systems found in diverse photosynthetic taxa including green algae, bryophytes, and brown algae. Analyses integrating information from these systems and contrasting them with classical XY and ZW systems are providing exciting insights into both the universality and the diversity of sex-determining chromosomes across eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Margarida Coelho
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Josselin Gueno
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Agnieszka Paulina Lipinska
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jeremy Mark Cock
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - James G Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olabarria C, Arenas F, Fernández Á, Troncoso JS, Martínez B. Physiological responses to variations in grazing and light conditions in native and invasive fucoids. Mar Environ Res 2018; 139:151-161. [PMID: 29793731 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor physiological acclimatization to climate change has led to shifts in the distributional ranges of various species and to biodiversity loss. However, evidence also suggests the relevance of non-climatic physical factors, such as light, and biotic factors, which may act in interactive or additive way. We used a mechanistic approach to evaluate the ecophysiological responses of four seaweed species (three dominant intertidal fucoids, Fucus serratus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Bifurcaria bifurcata, and the invasive Sargassum muticum) to different conditions of grazing, light irradiance and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We performed a large-scale mesocosm experiment with a total of 800 individual thalli of macroalgae. The factorial experimental design included major algal traits, photoacclimation, nutrient stoichiometry and chemical defence as response variables. Few significant effects of the factors acting alone or in combination were observed, suggesting a good capacity for acclimatization in all four species. The significant effects were generally additive and there were no potentially deleterious synergistic effects between factors. Fucus serratus, a species currently undergoing a drastic contraction of its southern distribution limit in Europe, was the most strongly affected species, showing overall lower photosynthetic efficiency than the other species. The growth rate of F. serratus decreased when UV radiation was filtered out, but only in the presence of grazers. Moreover, more individuals of this species tended to reach maturity in the absence of grazers, and the nitrogen content of tissues decreased under full-spectrum light. Only the phlorotannin content of tissues of B. bifurcata and of exudates of A. nodosum, both slow-growing species, were positively affected by respectively removal of UVB radiation and the presence of grazers. The findings for S. muticum, a well-established invasive seaweed across European coasts, suggested similar physiological response of this fast-growing species to different levels of grazing activity and light quality/intensity. As expected, this species grew faster than the other species. Bifurcaria bifurcata and A. nodosum only showed minor effects of light quality and grazing on phlorotannins content, which suggests good resistance of these two long-lived species to the experimental conditions. Mechanistic approaches that are designed to analyse interactive effects of physical and biotic factors provide an understanding of physiological responses of species and help to improve the confidence of predictive distribution models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Francisco Arenas
- Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal Cruzeiros Porto Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ángela Fernández
- Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal Cruzeiros Porto Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jesús S Troncoso
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Brezo Martínez
- Area de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mikami K, Ito M, Taya K, Kishimoto I, Kobayashi T, Itabashi Y, Tanaka R. Parthenosporophytes of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus exhibit sex-dependent differences in thermotolerance as well as fatty acid and sterol composition. Mar Environ Res 2018; 137:188-195. [PMID: 29459067 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus, male and female sex is expressed during the haploid parthenosporophyte phase of the life cycle. Here, we found that male parthenosporophytes displayed thermotolerance whereas female specimens displayed severely reduced viability at 25 °C and 28 °C. Profiling of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed that n-3 and n-6 were the predominant species in male and female parthenosporophytes, respectively, and that the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio was not affected by a temperature change. Both male and female parthenosporophytes contained the sterols fucosterol, cholesterol, and ergosterol, but these were present at higher levels at 10-25 °C in female specimens than in males. Thus, these fatty acids and sterols would be expected to make the membranes more rigid in the female compared to the male, which is opposite to the paradigm that increased rigidity confers thermotolerance. Our results suggest that the sex-dependent thermotolerance in E. siliculosus parthenosporophytes is not explained by the relationship between membrane fluidity and differences in fatty acids and sterol compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Pudong District, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Meiko Ito
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kensuke Taya
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yutaka Itabashi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Start D. Animal behaviour and algal camouflage jointly structure predation and selection. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:773-778. [PMID: 29505176 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trait variation can structure interactions between individuals, thus shaping selection. Although antipredator strategies are an important component of many aquatic systems, how multiple antipredator traits interact to influence consumption and selection remains contentious. Here, I use a common larval dragonfly (Epitheca canis) and its predator (Anax junius) to test for the joint effects of activity rate and algal camouflage on predation and survival selection. I found that active and poorly camouflaged Epitheca were more likely to be consumed, and thus, survival selection favoured inactive and well-camouflaged individuals. Notably, camouflage dampened selection on activity rate, likely by reducing attack rates when Epitheca encountered a predator. Correlational selection is therefore conferred by the ecological interaction of traits, rather than by opposing selection acting on linked traits. I suggest that antipredator traits with different adaptive functions can jointly structure patterns of consumption and selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denon Start
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mueller R, Wright JT, Bolch CJS. Historical demography and colonization pathways of the widespread intertidal seaweed Hormosira banksii (Phaeophyceae) in southeastern Australia. J Phycol 2018; 54:56-65. [PMID: 29054124 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The palaeoceanography of southern Australia has been characterized by fluctuating sea levels during glacial periods, changing temperature regimes and modified boundary currents. Previous studies on genetic structuring of species in southeastern Australia have focused mainly on the differentiation of eastern and western populations while the potential role of Bass Strait as a region of overlap for three biogeographic provinces (Peronia, Maugea, and Flindersia) has been largely ignored. This study aimed to explore the likely roles of historic and contemporary factors in determining divergence patterns in the habitat-forming intertidal seaweed Hormosira banksii in southeastern Australia with a special focus on postglacial dispersal into Bass Strait. We examined the genetic diversity of 475 Hormosira specimens collected from 19 sites around southern Australia using DNA sequence analysis of cytochrome oxidase 1. Three major haplotype groups were identified (western, centre and eastern) corresponding with the three existing biogeographical provinces in this region. Historic break points appeared to be retained and reinforced by modern day dispersal barriers. Phylogeographic grouping of Hormosira reflected a combination of historic and contemporary oceanography. As western and eastern group haplotypes were largely absent within Bass Strait, re-colonization after the last glacial maximum appeared to have originated from refuges within or near present day Bass Strait. Patterns of genetic structure for Hormosira are consistent with other marine species in this region and highlight the importance of biogeographical barriers in contributing to modern genetic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mueller
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T Wright
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Christopher J S Bolch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Capdevila P, Linares C, Aspillaga E, Riera JL, Hereu B. Effective dispersal and density-dependence in mesophotic macroalgal forests: Insights from the Mediterranean species Cystoseira zosteroides. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191346. [PMID: 29329336 PMCID: PMC5766243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and recruitment are fundamental processes for population recovery following disturbances in sessile species. While both processes are well understood for many terrestrial species, they still remain poorly resolved for some macroalgal species. Here we experimentally investigated the effective dispersal and recruit survival of a mesophotic Mediterranean fucoid, Cystoseira zosteroides. In three isolated populations, four sets of settlement collectors were placed at increasing distances (from 0 to 10 m) and different orientations (North, South, East and West). We observed that effective dispersal was restricted to populations' vicinity, with an average of 6.43 m and not further than 13.33 m, following a Weibull distribution. During their first year of life, survival was up to 50%, but it was lower underneath the adult canopy, suggesting a negative density-dependence. To put our results in a broader context we compared the effective dispersal of other fucoid and kelp species reported in the literature, which confirmed the low dispersal ability of brown algae, in particular for fucoids, with an effective dispersal of few meters. Given the importance of recruitment for the persistence and recovery of populations after disturbances, these results underline the vulnerability of C. zosteroides and other fucoid species to escalating threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Capdevila
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Lluís Riera
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Habitat degradation alters the chemical landscape through which information about community dynamics is transmitted. Olfactory information is crucial for risk assessment in aquatic organisms as predators release odours when they capture prey that lead to an alarm response in conspecific prey. Recent studies show some coral reef fishes are unable to use alarm odours when surrounded by dead-degraded coral. Our study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of this alarm odour-nullifying effect, and which substratum types may be responsible. Field experiments showed that settlement-stage damselfish were not able to detect alarm odours within 2 m downcurrent of degraded coral, and that the antipredator response was re-established 20-40 min after transferral to live coral. Laboratory experiments indicate that the chemicals from common components of the degraded habitats, the cyanobacteria, Okeania sp., and diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia sp.prevented an alarm odour response. The same nullifying effect was found for the common red algae, Galaxauria robusta, suggesting that the problem is of a broader nature than previously realised. Those fish species best able to compensate for a lack of olfactory risk information at key times will be those potentially most resilient to the effects of coral degradation that operate through this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - Randall P Barry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Carvalho RT, Rocha GM, Paradas WC, Soares AR, Ank Guarino G, Passos RMF, Amado Filho GM, Farina M, Salgado LT. Cell wall physicochemical properties determine the thallus biomineralization pattern of Padina gymnospora (Phaeophyceae). J Phycol 2017; 53:1294-1304. [PMID: 28990189 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of the Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) species mineralize aragonite needles over the adaxial thallus surface, where mineral bands are interspersed with nonmineralized regions along the thallus from the apical to basal end. However, this calcification pattern and the related algal properties are not well understood. Therefore, this work was performed to elucidate a potential role of cell walls in the inhibition/induction of mineralization in the brown alga Padina gymnospora. In a comparison of specific thallus regions, differences were identified in the cellulose distribution, microfibrils arrangement and thickness, distribution and abundance of phenolic substances, and physical differences among the surfaces of the thallus (deformation, adhesion, topography, and nano-rugosity). In vitro mineralization assays indicated that phenolic substances are strong modulators of calcium carbonate crystals growth. In addition, de novo mineralization assays over cell wall surfaces that were used as templates, even without cellular activity, indicated that the cell wall remains a key factor in the induction/inhibition of mineralization. Overall, the current findings indicate a strong correlation between the physico-chemical and structural properties of the cell wall and the alternation pattern of the mineralization bands over the thallus of P. gymnospora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Costa Paradas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Angélica Ribeiro Soares
- Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27901-000, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Ank Guarino
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24001-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Farina
- Laboratório de Biomineralização, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiboub O, Ktari L, Sifaoui I, López-Arencibia A, Reyes-Batlle M, Mejri M, Valladares B, Abderrabba M, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. In vitro amoebicidal and antioxidant activities of some Tunisian seaweeds. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:76-80. [PMID: 29102681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae of genus Acanthamoeba are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment, and are the causative agents of several humans' infections, such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis and also disseminated infections. The existence of the cyst stage complicates Acanthamoeba therapy as it is highly resistant to antibiotics and physical agents. All these facts reinforced the necessity to find and develop an effective therapy against Acanthamoeba infections. In the present study, we are interested to several seaweeds species collected from the Tunisian coasts and belonging to the 3 phyla (brown, green and red algae). The aim was to quantify the Total Phenolic Compounds in different organic extract, to evaluate antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) and to study the antiprotozoal activity against A. castellanii Neff. The parasites have been inhibited by all extracts with an IC50 ranged from 52,3±1.8 μg/mL for ethyl acetate extract, to 134,6±0.7 μg/mL for the hexanic one for the various species studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Chiboub
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), 28, Rue du 2 mars 1934, 2035, Salammbô, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Ktari
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), 28, Rue du 2 mars 1934, 2035, Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia; University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes-Batlle
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Mondher Mejri
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Basilio Valladares
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, B.P 51 2070, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - José E Piñero
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Avda Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 la Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brodie J, Ball SG, Bouget FY, Chan CX, De Clerck O, Cock JM, Gachon C, Grossman AR, Mock T, Raven JA, Saha M, Smith AG, Vardi A, Yoon HS, Bhattacharya D. Biotic interactions as drivers of algal origin and evolution. New Phytol 2017; 216:670-681. [PMID: 28857164 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents 670 I. 671 II. 671 III. 676 IV. 678 678 References 678 SUMMARY: Biotic interactions underlie life's diversity and are the lynchpin to understanding its complexity and resilience within an ecological niche. Algal biologists have embraced this paradigm, and studies building on the explosive growth in omics and cell biology methods have facilitated the in-depth analysis of nonmodel organisms and communities from a variety of ecosystems. In turn, these advances have enabled a major revision of our understanding of the origin and evolution of photosynthesis in eukaryotes, bacterial-algal interactions, control of massive algal blooms in the ocean, and the maintenance and degradation of coral reefs. Here, we review some of the most exciting developments in the field of algal biotic interactions and identify challenges for scientists in the coming years. We foresee the development of an algal knowledgebase that integrates ecosystem-wide omics data and the development of molecular tools/resources to perform functional analyses of individuals in isolation and in populations. These assets will allow us to move beyond mechanistic studies of a single species towards understanding the interactions amongst algae and other organisms in both the laboratory and the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Brodie
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Steven G Ball
- UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille CNRS, F 59000, Lille, France
| | - François-Yves Bouget
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, University Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris VI, CNRS, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - J Mark Cock
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, F-29688, France
| | | | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bogaert KA, Beeckman T, De Clerck O. Egg activation-triggered shape change in the Dictyota dichotoma (Phaeophyceae) zygote is actin-myosin and secretion dependent. Ann Bot 2017; 120:529-538. [PMID: 28961769 PMCID: PMC5737549 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Cellular morphogenesis in land plants and brown algae is typically a slow process involving growth established by an interplay of turgor pressure and cell wall rigidity. However, a recent study showed that zygotes of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma undergo a rapid shape change from a sphere to an elongated spheroid in about 90 s, establishing the first body axis. Methods Using a combination of pharmacology, staining techniques, membrane depolarization and microscopy techniques (brightfield, transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy), egg activation and the shape change of the egg cell of D. dichotoma was studied. Key Results It was established that elongation of the zygote does not involve growth, i.e. a positive change in size. The elongation is dependent on F-actin and myosin but independent of microtubules. Secretion was also found to be necessary for elongation after addition of brefeldin A. Moreover, a temporal correlation between extracellular matrix secretion and elongation was observed. Ionomycin and high potassium seawater are capable of triggering the onset of elongation, suggesting a role for membrane depolarization and calcium influx in the signalling mechanism. The elongated cells are shorter in the presence of ionomycin, suggesting a role for calcium in elongation. Conclusions A model is proposed in which the fast elongation of the fertilized egg in Dictyota is accomplished by a force generated by F-actin and myosin, regulated by cytoplasmic calcium concentrations and by secretion during elongation lowering the antagonistic force. The finding of early extracellular matrix secretion, membrane depolarization and ionophore-triggered egg activation suggest significant differences in the mechanism of egg activation signalling between D. dichotoma and the oogamous brown algal model system Fucus .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny A Bogaert
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kinoshita N, Nagasato C, Motomura T. Calcium Control of the Sign of Phototaxis in Brown Algal Gametes of Mutimo cylindricus. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1216-1223. [PMID: 28295378 DOI: 10.1111/php.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown algal swarmers usually exhibit positive or negative phototaxis. Such behaviors influence the increasing or decreasing dispersal distance or colonization on the new substratum. We confirmed that the sign of phototaxis (negative or positive) in male gametes of Mutimo cylindricus was affected by extracellular Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels. Under the control condition (10-2 m [Ca2+ ]), male gametes swimming with a helical rotation of their cell body mostly showed positive phototaxis. At 10-3 m [Ca2+ ], more than half of the male gametes showed positive phototaxis, whereas the others showed negative phototaxis. From 10-4 -10-5 m [Ca2+ ], the phototactic sign changed to negative. When these negative phototactic gametes were transferred back to the control condition, the phototactic sign reverted to positive. At 10-6 m [Ca2+ ], some of male gametes showed negative phototaxis, but most showed no phototaxis or flagellar beating. Lanthanum, a Ca2+ channel blocker, affected the sign of phototaxis at 10-4 m [La3+ ] under 10-2 m [Ca2+ ], and male gametes mostly showed negative phototaxis. A further increase in [La3+ ] inhibited phototaxis and flagellar beating. These results pointed out the involvement of Ca2+ channels that were blocked by La3+ in phototaxis and flagellar beating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Umanzor S, Ladah L, Zertuche-González JA. The influence of species, density, and diversity of macroalgal aggregations on microphytobenthic settlement. J Phycol 2017; 53:1060-1071. [PMID: 28708294 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae can modulate their biophysical environment by ameliorating physical conditions and creating habitats. Exploring how seaweed aggregations made up of different species at different densities modify the local environment may help explain how associated organisms respond to the attenuation of extreme physical conditions. Using Silvetia compressa, Chondracanthus canaliculatus, and Pyropia perforata, we constructed monocultures representing the leathery, corticated and foliose functional forms as well as a mixed tri-culture assemblage including the former three, at four densities. Treatment quadrats were installed in the intertidal where we measured irradiance, temperature, particle retention, and water motion underneath the canopies. Additionally, we examined the abundance and richness of the understory microphytobenthos with settlement slides. We found that the density and species composition of the assemblages modulated the amelioration of extreme physical conditions, with macroalgal aggregations of greater structural complexity due to their form and density showing greater physical factor attenuation. However, increasing the number of species within a patch did not directly result in increased complexity and therefore, did not necessarily cause greater amelioration of the environment. Microphytobenthic composition was also affected by species composition and density, with higher abundances under S. compressa and C. canaliculatus canopies at high and mid densities. These results support the idea that the environmental modifications driven by these macroalgae have a significant effect on the dynamics of the intertidal environment by promoting distinct temporal and spatial patchiness in the microphytobenthos, with potentially significant effects on the overall productivity of these ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Schery Umanzor
- Department of Marine Ecology, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| | - Lydia Ladah
- Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José A Zertuche-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ngugi DK, Miyake S, Cahill M, Vinu M, Hackmann TJ, Blom J, Tietbohl MD, Berumen ML, Stingl U. Genomic diversification of giant enteric symbionts reflects host dietary lifestyles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7592-E7601. [PMID: 28835538 PMCID: PMC5594648 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703070114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous surgeonfishes are an ecologically successful group of reef fish that rely on marine algae as their principal food source. Here, we elucidated the significance of giant enteric symbionts colonizing these fishes regarding their roles in the digestive processes of hosts feeding predominantly on polysiphonous red algae and brown Turbinaria algae, which contain different polysaccharide constituents. Using metagenomics, single-cell genomics, and metatranscriptomic analyses, we provide evidence of metabolic diversification of enteric microbiota involved in the degradation of algal biomass in these fishes. The enteric microbiota is also phylogenetically and functionally simple relative to the complex lignocellulose-degrading microbiota of terrestrial herbivores. Over 90% of the enzymes for deconstructing algal polysaccharides emanate from members of a single bacterial lineage, "Candidatus Epulopiscium" and related giant bacteria. These symbionts lack cellulases but encode a distinctive and lineage-specific array of mostly intracellular carbohydrases concurrent with the unique and tractable dietary resources of their hosts. Importantly, enzymes initiating the breakdown of the abundant and complex algal polysaccharides also originate from these symbionts. These are also highly transcribed and peak according to the diel lifestyle of their host, further supporting their importance and host-symbiont cospeciation. Because of their distinctive genomic blueprint, we propose the classification of these giant bacteria into three candidate genera. Collectively, our findings show that the acquisition of metabolically distinct "Epulopiscium" symbionts in hosts feeding on compositionally varied algal diets is a key niche-partitioning driver in the nutritional ecology of herbivorous surgeonfishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kamanda Ngugi
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sou Miyake
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Matt Cahill
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Vinu
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy J Hackmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthew D Tietbohl
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich Stingl
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paine RT, Buhle ER, Levin SA, Kareiva P. Short-range dispersal maintains a volatile marine metapopulation: the brown alga Postelsia palmaeformis. Ecology 2017; 98:1560-1573. [PMID: 28328145 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The annual brown alga Postelsia palmaeformis is dependent for its survival on short-distance dispersal (SDD) where it is already established, as well as occasional long-distance colonization of novel sites. To quantify SDD, we transplanted Postelsia to sites lacking established plants within ≥10 m. The spatial distribution of the first naturally produced sporophyte generation was used to fit dispersal kernels in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Mean dispersal distance within a year ranged from 0.16 to 0.50 m across sites; 95% of the recruits were within 0.38-1.32 m of the transplant. The fat-tailed exponential square root kernel was the best among the candidate models at describing offspring density and dispersal. Independent measurements of patch size over two to five generations permitted an evaluation of whether models parameterized by individual-level data could adequately predict longer-term persistence and spread at the patch scale. The observed spread rates generally fell within the 95% predictive intervals. Finally, Postelsia was eliminated from 14 occupied sites that were then followed for ≥27 yr. The probability of invasion when unoccupied declined and the probability of extinction when occupied increased with distance from the nearest propagule source. Sites >10 m from a source were rarely invaded, and one initially densely populated site isolated by 39 m has remained Postelsia-free since 1981. In spite of dispersal that is almost entirely within 2 m of the parent, the ability of our models to capture the observed dynamics of Postelsia indicates that short-range dispersal adequately explains the persistent and thriving Postelsia metapopulation on Tatoosh Island. However, the presence of Postelsia over a 2000-km coastal range with many gaps >1 km makes it clear that rare long-distance dispersal must be required to explain the geographic range of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Paine
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Eric R Buhle
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Simon A Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Peter Kareiva
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bender-Champ D, Diaz-Pulido G, Dove S. Effects of elevated nutrients and CO 2 emission scenarios on three coral reef macroalgae. Harmful Algae 2017; 65:40-51. [PMID: 28526118 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef macroalgae are expected to thrive in the future under conditions that are deleterious to the health of reef-building corals. Here we examined how macroalgae would be affected by exposure to future CO2 emission scenarios (pCO2 and temperature), enriched nutrients and combinations of both. The species tested, Laurencia intricata (Rhodophyta), Turbinaria ornata and Chnoospora implexa (both Phaeophyceae), have active carbon-concentrating mechanisms but responded differently to the treatments. L. intricata showed high mortality under nutrient enriched RCP4.5 ("reduced" CO2 emission) and RCP8.5 ("business-as-usual" CO2 emission) and grew best under pre-industrial (PI) conditions, where it could take up carbon using external carbonic anhydrase combined, potentially, with proton extrusion. T. ornata's growth rate showed a trend for reduction under RCP8.5 but was unaffected by nutrient enrichment. In C. implexa, highest growth was observed under PI conditions, but highest net photosynthesis occurred under RCP8.5, suggesting that under RCP8.5, carbon is stored and respired at greater rates while it is directed to growth under PI conditions. None of the species showed growth enhancement under future scenarios, nutrient enrichment or combinations of both. This leads to the conclusion that under such conditions these species are unlikely to pose an increasing threat to coral reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Bender-Champ
- School of Biological Sciences & Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Biological Sciences & Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; Griffith School of Environment and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- School of Biological Sciences & Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tanaka A, Hoshino Y, Nagasato C, Motomura T. Branch regeneration induced by sever damage in the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma (dictyotales, phaeophyceae). Protoplasma 2017; 254:1341-1351. [PMID: 27704277 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue wounds are mainly caused by herbivory, which is a serious threat for macro-algae, and brown algae are known to regenerate branches or buds in response to wounding. In the present paper, we describe a branch regeneration system, induced by sever damage, in the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma. Segmentations of juvenile thalli induced branch regenerations unless explants possessed apical cells. Apical excisions in distinct positions elucidated that disruption of an apical cell or disconnection of tissue with an apical cell triggered the branch regeneration. Furthermore, spatial positions of regenerated branches seemed to be regulated by the apical region, which was assumed to generate inhibitory effects for lateral branch regeneration. Mechanical incision, which disrupted tissue continuity with the apical region, induced branch regeneration preferentially below the incision. Although we were unable to identify the candidate inhibitory substance, our results suggested that the apical region may have an inhibitory effect on lateral branch regeneration. Additionally, observations of branch regeneration showed that all epidermal cells in D. dichotoma possess the ability to differentiate into apical cells, directly. This may be the first report of algal transdifferentiation during the wound-stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Tanaka
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan.
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Hoshino
- Experiment Farm, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Brown algae exhibit three patterns of sexual reproduction: isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy. Unicellular swarmers including gametes and zoospores bear two heterogenous flagella, an anterior flagellum with mastigonemes (fine tripartite hairs) and a posterior one. In seawater, these flagellates usually receive physico-chemical signals for finding partners and good habitats. It is well known that brown algal swarmers change their swimming direction depending on blue light (phototaxis), and male gametes do so, based on the sex pheromones from female gametes (chemotaxis). In recent years, the comparative analysis of chemotaxis in isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy has been conducted. In this paper, we focused on the phototaxis and chemotaxis of brown algal gametes comparing the current knowledge with our recent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, Hokkaido, 051-0013, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, Hokkaido, 051-0013, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Assis J, Berecibar E, Claro B, Alberto F, Reed D, Raimondi P, Serrão EA. Major shifts at the range edge of marine forests: the combined effects of climate changes and limited dispersal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44348. [PMID: 28276501 PMCID: PMC5343584 DOI: 10.1038/srep44348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is likely to constrain low latitude range edges across many taxa and habitats. Such is the case for NE Atlantic marine macroalgal forests, important ecosystems whose main structuring species is the annual kelp Saccorhiza polyschides. We coupled ecological niche modelling with simulations of potential dispersal and delayed development stages to infer the major forces shaping range edges and to predict their dynamics. Models indicated that the southern limit is set by high winter temperatures above the physiological tolerance of overwintering microscopic stages and reduced upwelling during recruitment. The best range predictions were achieved assuming low spatial dispersal (5 km) and delayed stages up to two years (temporal dispersal). Reconstructing distributions through time indicated losses of ~30% from 1986 to 2014, restricting S. polyschides to upwelling regions at the southern edge. Future predictions further restrict populations to a unique refugium in northwestern Iberia. Losses were dependent on the emissions scenario, with the most drastic one shifting ~38% of the current distribution by 2100. Such distributional changes might not be rescued by dispersal in space or time (as shown for the recent past) and are expected to drive major biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Assis
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - E. Berecibar
- Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental (EMEPC), Rua Costa Pinto 165, 2770-042, Paço de Arcos, Portugal
| | - B. Claro
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - F. Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P. Raimondi
- Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E. A. Serrão
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Avia K, Coelho SM, Montecinos GJ, Cormier A, Lerck F, Mauger S, Faugeron S, Valero M, Cock JM, Boudry P. High-density genetic map and identification of QTLs for responses to temperature and salinity stresses in the model brown alga Ectocarpus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43241. [PMID: 28256542 PMCID: PMC5335252 DOI: 10.1038/srep43241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic architecture of adaptation of brown algae to environmental stresses such as temperature and salinity is of evolutionary as well as of practical interest. The filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus sp. is a model for the brown algae and its genome has been sequenced. As sessile organisms, brown algae need to be capable of resisting the various abiotic stressors that act in the intertidal zone (e.g. osmotic pressure, temperature, salinity, UV radiation) and previous studies have shown that an important proportion of the expressed genes is regulated in response to hyposaline, hypersaline or oxidative stress conditions. Using the double digest RAD sequencing method, we constructed a dense genetic map with 3,588 SNP markers and identified 39 QTLs for growth-related traits and their plasticity under different temperature and salinity conditions (tolerance to high temperature and low salinity). GO enrichment tests within QTL intervals highlighted membrane transport processes such as ion transporters. Our study represents a significant step towards deciphering the genetic basis of adaptation of Ectocarpus sp. to stress conditions and provides a substantial resource to the increasing list of tools generated for the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komlan Avia
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Susana M. Coelho
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Gabriel J. Montecinos
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Cormier
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Fiona Lerck
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - J. Mark Cock
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Station Biologique Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Pierre Boudry
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (UMR 6539 LEMAR, UBO, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer), Centre Bretagne – ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ritter A, Cabioch L, Brillet-Guéguen L, Corre E, Cosse A, Dartevelle L, Duruflé H, Fasshauer C, Goulitquer S, Thomas F, Correa JA, Potin P, Faugeron S, Leblanc C. Herbivore-induced chemical and molecular responses of the kelps Laminaria digitata and Lessonia spicata. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173315. [PMID: 28253346 PMCID: PMC5333891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kelps are founding species of temperate marine ecosystems, living in intertidal coastal areas where they are often challenged by generalist and specialist herbivores. As most sessile organisms, kelps develop defensive strategies to restrain grazing damage and preserve their own fitness during interactions with herbivores. To decipher some inducible defense and signaling mechanisms, we carried out metabolome and transcriptome analyses in two emblematic kelp species, Lessonia spicata from South Pacific coasts and Laminaria digitata from North Atlantic, when challenged with their main specialist herbivores. Mass spectrometry based metabolomics revealed large metabolic changes induced in these two brown algae following challenges with their own specialist herbivores. Targeted metabolic profiling of L. spicata further showed that free fatty acid (FFA) and amino acid (AA) metabolisms were particularly regulated under grazing. An early stress response was illustrated by the accumulation of Sulphur containing amino acids in the first twelve hours of herbivory pressure. At latter time periods (after 24 hours), we observed FFA liberation and eicosanoid oxylipins synthesis likely representing metabolites related to stress. Global transcriptomic analysis identified sets of candidate genes specifically induced by grazing in both kelps. qPCR analysis of the top candidate genes during a 48-hours time course validated the results. Most of these genes were particularly activated by herbivore challenge after 24 hours, suggesting that transcriptional reprogramming could be operated at this time period. We demonstrated the potential utility of these genes as molecular markers for herbivory by measuring their inductions in grazed individuals of field harvested L. digitata and L. spicata. By unravelling the regulation of some metabolites and genes following grazing pressure in two kelps representative of the two hemispheres, this work contributes to provide a set of herbivore-induced chemical and molecular responses in kelp species, showing similar inducible responses upon specialist herbivores in their respective ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ritter
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Léa Cabioch
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loraine Brillet-Guéguen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, FR2424, Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, FR2424, Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Audrey Cosse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Dartevelle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Harold Duruflé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Carina Fasshauer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Sophie Goulitquer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Juan A. Correa
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cruces E, Rautenberger R, Rojas-Lillo Y, Cubillos VM, Arancibia-Miranda N, Ramírez-Kushel E, Gómez I. Physiological acclimation of Lessonia spicata to diurnal changing PAR and UV radiation: differential regulation among down-regulation of photochemistry, ROS scavenging activity and phlorotannins as major photoprotective mechanisms. Photosynth Res 2017; 131:145-157. [PMID: 27620461 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae are constantly subjected to high variations in the quality and quantity of incident irradiance that can eventually generate detrimental effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. The success of these organisms to colonize the stressful coastal habitat is mainly associated with the complexity of their morphological structures and the efficiency of the anti-stress mechanisms to minimize the physiological stress. Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae), a brown macroalga, that inhabits the intertidal zone in central-southern Chile was studied in regard to their physiological (quantum yield, electron transport rate, pigments) and biochemical (phlorotannins content, antioxidant metabolism, oxidative stress) responses during a daily light cycle under natural solar radiation. Major findings were that F v/F m, photosynthetic parameters (ETRmax, alpha, E k) and pigments in L. spicata showed an inverse relationship to the diurnal changes in solar radiation. Phlorotannins levels and antioxidant activity showed their highest values in treatment that included UV radiation. There was an increase in SOD and APX in relation at light stress, with a peak in activity between 5.2 and 10.1 W m-2 of biologically effective dose. The increase in peroxidative damage was proportional to light dose. These results indicated that different light doses can trigger a series of complementary mechanisms of acclimation in L. spicata based on: (i) down-regulation of photochemistry activity and decrease in concentration of photosynthetic pigments; (ii) induction of phenolic compounds with specific UV-screening functions; and (iii) reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity via complementary repair of the oxidative damage through increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentially increased amounts of phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Center for Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LEMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Yesenia Rojas-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Victor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda
- Center for Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Kushel
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In most complex eukaryotes, development starts with the establishment of cell polarity determining the first axis of the body plan. This polarity axis is established by the asymmetrical distribution of intrinsic factors1-3, which breaks the symmetry in a single step. Zygotes of the brown alga Fucus, which unlike land plant and animal zygotes4,5 do not possess a maternally predetermined polarity axis, serve as models to study polarity establishment6,7. Here, we studied this process in Dictyota, and concluded that sense and direction of the cell polarization vector are established in two mechanistically and temporally distinct phases that are under control of different life cycle stages. On egg activation, the zygote elongates rapidly according to a maternally predetermined direction expressing the first phase of cell polarization. Which of the two poles of the resulting prolate spheroidal zygote will acquire the basal cell fate is subsequently environmentally determined. The second phase is accompanied by and dependent on zygotic transcription instead of relying uniquely on maternal factors8. Cell polarization, whereby determination of direction and sense of the polarization vector are temporally and mechanistically uncoupled, is unique and represents a favourable system to gain insight into the processes underlying cell polarity establishment in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny A Bogaert
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Morrow KM, Bromhall K, Motti CA, Munn CB, Bourne DG. Allelochemicals Produced by Brown Macroalgae of the Lobophora Genus Are Active against Coral Larvae and Associated Bacteria, Supporting Pathogenic Shifts to Vibrio Dominance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02391-16. [PMID: 27795310 PMCID: PMC5165121 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02391-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pervasive environmental stressors on coral reefs are attributed with shifting the competitive balance in favor of alternative dominants, such as macroalgae. Previous studies have demonstrated that macroalgae compete with corals via a number of mechanisms, including the production of potent primary and secondary metabolites that can influence coral-associated microbial communities. The present study investigates the effects of the Pacific brown macroalga Lobophora sp. (due to the shifting nature of the Lobophora species complex, it will be referred to here as Lobophora sp.) on coral bacterial isolates, coral larvae, and the microbiome associated with the coral Porites cylindrica. Crude aqueous and organic macroalgal extracts were found to inhibit the growth of coral-associated bacteria. Extracts and fractions were also shown to inhibit coral larval settlement and cause mortality at concentrations lower (<0.3 mg · ml-1) than calculated natural concentrations (4.4 mg · ml-1). Microbial communities associated with coral tissues exposed to aqueous (e.g., hydrophilic) crude extracts demonstrated a significant shift to Vibrio dominance and a loss of sequences related to the putative coral bacterial symbiont, Endozoicomonas sp., based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This study contributes to growing evidence that macroalgal allelochemicals, dissolved organic material, and native macroalgal microbial assemblages all play a role in shifting the microbial equilibrium of the coral holobiont away from a beneficial state, contributing to a decline in coral fitness and a shift in ecosystem structure. IMPORTANCE Diverse microbial communities associate with coral tissues and mucus, providing important protective and nutritional services, but once disturbed, the microbial equilibrium may shift from a beneficial state to one that is detrimental or pathogenic. Macroalgae (e.g., seaweeds) can physically and chemically interact with corals, causing abrasion, bleaching, and overall stress. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that macroalgae play a critical role in shifting the coral holobiont equilibrium, which may promote the invasion of opportunistic pathogens and cause coral mortality, facilitating additional macroalgal growth and invasion in the reef. Thus, macroalgae not only contribute to a decline in coral fitness but also influence coral reef ecosystem structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrina Bromhall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin B Munn
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Olischläger M, Iñiguez C, Koch K, Wiencke C, Gordillo FJL. Increased pCO 2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima. Planta 2017; 245:119-136. [PMID: 27654952 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Arctic population of the kelp Saccharina latissima differs from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO 2 levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart. The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic (Spitsbergen; SP) and cold-temperate (Helgoland; HL) Saccharina latissima differently, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. This study analyses the responses to different partial pressures of CO2 (380, 800, and 1500 µatm pCO2) and temperature levels (SP population: 4, 10 °C; HL population: 10, 17 °C) on the photophysiology (O2 production, pigment composition, D1-protein content) and carbon assimilation [Rubisco content, carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), growth rate] of both ecotypes. Elevated temperatures stimulated O2 production in both populations, and also led to an increase in pigment content and a deactivation of CCMs, as indicated by 13C isotopic discrimination of algal biomass (ε p) in the HL population, which was not observed in SP thalli. In general, pCO2 effects were less pronounced than temperature effects. High pCO2 deactivated CCMs in both populations and produced a decrease in the Rubisco content of HL thalli, while it was unaltered in SP population. As a result, the growth rate of the Arctic ecotype increased at elevated pCO2 and higher temperatures and it remained unchanged in the HL population. Ecotypic differentiation was revealed by a significantly higher O2 production rate and an increase in Chl a, Rubisco, and D1 protein content in SP thalli, but a lower growth rate, in comparison to the HL population. We conclude that both populations differ in their sensitivity to changing temperatures and OA and that the Arctic population is more likely to benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olischläger
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Concepción Iñiguez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Kristina Koch
- Marine Botany and Bremen Marine Ecology-Center for Research and Education (BreMarE), University of Bremen, LeobenerStr. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kinoshita N, Nagasato C, Motomura T. Chemotactic movement in sperm of the oogamous brown algae, Saccharina japonica and Fucus distichus. Protoplasma 2017; 254:547-555. [PMID: 27108001 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In oogamous species of brown algae such as Saccharina japonica and Fucus distichus, the sperm possess an unusual long posterior flagellum, which oscillates actively and produces a propulsive force during swimming. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the effect of chemotactic responses on sperm swimming and flagellar waveforms by high-speed video recordings. We found that the thigmotactic response to the chemo-attractant was not enhanced during chemotactic swimming and that the swimming velocity of sperm did not decrease. As concentration of the chemo-attractant decreased, the sperm performed drastic U-turn movements, which was caused by a rapid and large bend of the posterior flagellum. Unilateral bending of the posterior flagellum when sensing a decrease in the concentration of the chemo-attractant may be a common response in male gametes during fertilization of brown algae both oogamous and isogamous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Hokkaido, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee W, Oh JY, Kim EA, Kang N, Kim KN, Ahn G, Jeon YJ. A prebiotic role of Ecklonia cava improves the mortality of Edwardsiella tarda-infected zebrafish models via regulating the growth of lactic acid bacteria and pathogen bacteria. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:620-8. [PMID: 27192145 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the beneficial prebiotic roles of Ecklonia cava (E. cava, EC) were evaluated on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and pathogen bacteria and the mortality of pathogen-bacteria infected zebrafish model. The result showed that the original E. cava (EC) led to the highest growth effects on three LABs (Lactobacillus brevis, L. brevis; Lactobacillus pentosus, L. pentosus; Lactobacillus plantarum; L. plantarum) and it was dose-dependent manners. Also, EC, its Celluclast enzymatic (ECC) and 100% ethanol extracts (ECE) showed the anti-bacterial activities on the fish pathogenic bacteria such as (Edwardsiella tarda; E. tarda, Streptococcus iniae; S. iniae, and Vibrio harveyi; V. harveyi). Interestingly, EC induced the higher production of the secondary metabolites from L. plantarum in MRS medium. The secondary metabolites produced by EC significantly inhibited the growth of pathogen bacteria. In further in vivo study, the co-treatment of EC and L. plantarum improved the growth and mortality of E. tarda-infected zebrafish as regulating the expression of inflammatory molecules such as iNOS and COX2. Taken together, our present study suggests that the EC plays an important role as a potential prebiotic and has a protective effect against the infection caused by E. tarda injection in zebrafish. Also, our conclusion from this evidence is that EC can be used and applied as a useful prebiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Oh
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Marine Bio Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 500-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms typically possess life cycles in which zygotes (formed by gamete fusion) and meiosis occur. Canonical animal embryogenesis describes development from zygote to birth. It involves polarisation of the egg/zygote, asymmetric cell divisions, establishment of axes, symmetry breaking, formation of organs, and parental nutrition (at least in early stages). Similar developmental patterns have independently evolved in other eukaryotic lineages, including land plants and brown algae. The question arises whether embryo-like structures and associated developmental processes recurrently emerge because they are local optima of the evolutionary landscape. To understand which evolutionary principles govern complex multicellularity, we need to analyse why and how similar processes evolve convergently - von Baer's and Haeckel's phylotypic stage revisited in other phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Britton D, Cornwall CE, Revill AT, Hurd CL, Johnson CR. Ocean acidification reverses the positive effects of seawater pH fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis of the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26036. [PMID: 27229624 PMCID: PMC4882519 DOI: 10.1038/srep26036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is the reduction in seawater pH due to the absorption of human-released CO2 by the world's oceans. The average surface oceanic pH is predicted to decline by 0.4 units by 2100. However, kelp metabolically modifies seawater pH via photosynthesis and respiration in some temperate coastal systems, resulting in daily pH fluctuations of up to ±0.45 units. It is unknown how these fluctuations in pH influence the growth and physiology of the kelp, or how this might change with OA. In laboratory experiments that mimicked the most extreme pH fluctuations measured within beds of the canopy-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata in Tasmania, the growth and photosynthetic rates of juvenile E. radiata were greater under fluctuating pH (8.4 in the day, 7.8 at night) than in static pH treatments (8.4, 8.1, 7.8). However, pH fluctuations had no effect on growth rates and a negative effect on photosynthesis when the mean pH of each treatment was reduced by 0.3 units. Currently, pH fluctuations have a positive effect on E. radiata but this effect could be reversed in the future under OA, which is likely to impact the future ecological dynamics and productivity of habitats dominated by E. radiata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damon Britton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Cornwall
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Earth and Environment, Oceans Institute, & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Catriona L. Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
M Martins G, Hipólito C, Parreira F, C L Prestes A, Dionísio MA, N Azevedo JM, Neto AI. Differences in the structure and functioning of two communities: Frondose and turf-forming macroalgal dominated habitats. Mar Environ Res 2016; 116:71-7. [PMID: 27035366 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In many coastal regions, vegetated habitats (e.g. kelps forests, seagrass beds) play a key role in the structure and functioning of shallow subtidal reef ecosystems, by modifying local environmental conditions and by providing food and habitat for a wide range of organisms. In some regions of the world, however, such idiosyncratic ecosystems are largely absent and are often replaced by less notable ecosystem formers. In the present study, we empirically compared the structure and functioning of two distinct shallow-water habitats present in the Azores: one dominated by smaller frondose brown macroalgae (Dictyotaceae and Halopteris) and one dominated by low-lying turfs. Two replicated areas of each habitat were sampled at two different times of the year, to assess spatial and temporal consistency of results. Habitats dominated by small fronds were significantly (ca. 3 times) more productive (when standardized per algal mass) compared to the turf-dominated habitats, and supported a distinct assemblage (both in terms of composition and abundance) of associated macrofauna. Unlike other well-known and studied vegetated habitats (i.e. kelp forests), however, no effects of habitat were found on the structure of benthonic fish assemblages. Results were spatially and temporally consistent suggesting that, in warmer temperate oceans, habitats dominated by species of smaller frondose brown algae can also play an important role in the structure and functioning of subtidal communities and may, to a certain extent, be considered analogous to other well-known vegetated habitats around the world (i.e. kelp forests, seagrass beds).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo M Martins
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Portugal; Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Hipólito
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Portugal; Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Filipe Parreira
- Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Afonso C L Prestes
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Portugal; Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Maria A Dionísio
- ICNF - Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, 1050-191, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M N Azevedo
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Portugal; Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Ana I Neto
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Portugal; Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fu G, Nagasato C, Yamagishi T, Kawai H, Okuda K, Takao Y, Horiguchi T, Motomura T. Ubiquitous distribution of helmchrome in phototactic swarmers of the stramenopiles. Protoplasma 2016; 253:929-941. [PMID: 26202473 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Most swarmers (swimming cells) of the stramenopile group, ranging from unicellular protist to giant kelps (brown algae), have two heterogeneous flagella: a long anterior flagellum (AF) and a relatively shorter posterior flagellum (PF). These flagellated cells often exhibit phototaxis upon light stimulation, although the mechanism by which how the phototactic response is regulated remains largely unknown. A flavoprotein concentrating at the paraflagellar body (PFB) on the basal part of the PF, which can emit green autofluorescence under blue light irradiance, has been proposed as a possible blue light photoreceptor for brown algal phototaxis although the nature of the flavoprotein still remains elusive. Recently, we identified helmchrome as a PF-specific flavoprotein protein in a LC-MS/MS-based proteomics study of brown algal flagella (Fu et al. 2014). To verify the conservation of helmchrome, in the present study, the absence or presence and the localization of helmchrome in swarmers of various algal species were investigated. The results showed that helmchrome was only detected in phototactic swarmers but not the non-phototactic ones of the stramenopile group. Electron microscopy further revealed that the helmchrome detectable swarmers bear a conserved PFB-eyespot complex, which may serve as structural basis for light sensing. It is speculated that all three conserved properties: helmchrome, the PFB structure, and the eyespot apparatus, will be essential parts for phototaxis of stramenopile swarmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fu
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nadaku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nadaku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takao
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Takeo Horiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Flores-Molina MR, Rautenberger R, Muñoz P, Huovinen P, Gómez I. Stress Tolerance of the Endemic Antarctic Brown Alga Desmarestia anceps to UV Radiation and Temperature is Mediated by High Concentrations of Phlorotannins. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:455-66. [PMID: 26896058 DOI: 10.1111/php.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The endemic Antarctic brown macroalga Desmarestia anceps is strongly shade-adapted, but shows also a high capacity to cope with different environmental stressors, e.g. UV radiation and temperature. Therefore, this species colonizes wide depth gradients, which are characterized by changing environmental conditions. In this study, we examine whether the different physiological abilities allowing D. anceps to grow across a wide depth range is determined by high levels of phlorotannins. Photosynthesis, measured by PAM-fluorometry, the contents of soluble phlorotannins, antioxidant capacities of field grown were analyzed in response to different conditions of radiation (PAR and PAR + UV) and temperature (2, 7 and 12°C). The results show that maximal quantum of fluorescence (Fv /Fm ) decreased with increasing doses of UV radiation, but remained unaffected by temperature. High levels of soluble phlorotannins were detected and confirmed by microscopic observation revealing the abundance of large physodes. Exposure to UV radiation and elevated temperature showed that phlorotannins were not inducible by UV but increased at 12°C. ROS scavenging capacity was positively correlated with the contents of phlorotannins. In general, highest contents of phlorotannins were correlated with the lowest inhibition of Fv /Fm in all experimental treatments, highlighting the UV-protective role of these compounds in D. anceps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Rosa Flores-Molina
- Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pirjo Huovinen
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bermejo R, de la Fuente G, Ramírez-Romero E, Vergara JJ, Hernández I. Spatial variability and response to anthropogenic pressures of assemblages dominated by a habitat forming seaweed sensitive to pollution (northern coast of Alboran Sea). Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 105:255-64. [PMID: 26892204 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Cystoseira ericaefolia group is conformed by three species: C. tamariscifolia, C. mediterranea and C. amentacea. These species are among the most important habitat forming species of the upper sublittoral rocky shores of the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Atlantic coast. This species group is sensitive to human pressures and therefore is currently suffering important losses. This study aimed to assess the influence of anthropogenic pressures, oceanographic conditions and local spatial variability in assemblages dominated by C. ericaefolia in the Alboran Sea. The results showed the absence of significant effects of anthropogenic pressures or its interactions with environmental conditions in the Cystoseira assemblages. This fact was attributed to the high spatial variability, which is most probably masking the impact of anthropogenic pressures. The results also showed that most of the variability occurred on at local levels. A relevant spatial variability was observed at regional level, suggesting a key role of oceanographic features in these assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bermejo
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Gina de la Fuente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, dell'ambiente e della vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa, 26 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Romero
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Experimental Ecology (Foodwebs), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan J Vergara
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Celis-Plá PSM, Bouzon ZL, Hall-Spencer JM, Schmidt EC, Korbee N, Figueroa FL. Seasonal biochemical and photophysiological responses in the intertidal macroalga Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Ochrophyta). Mar Environ Res 2016; 115:89-97. [PMID: 26724873 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in the biochemistry and photophysiology of the brown macroalga Cystoseira tamariscifolia was analyzed in southern Spain. Total carbon and nitrogen contents, phenolic compounds, antioxidant and photosynthetic activities were seasonally determined over two years. Carbon, nitrogen and photoprotective phenolic contents were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Antioxidant levels were highest in spring and we found a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity (EC50). Photosynthetic capacity (ETRmax) and photosynthetic efficiency (αETR) were also highest in spring, and there was a positive correlation between ETRmax and the amount of phenols present. Increased irradiance in spring enhanced algal productivity, antioxidant activity and the production of photoprotective compounds but in summer nutrient depletion due to thermal stratification of coastal waters reduced photosynthetic activity and the photoprotective capacity of C. tamariscifolia. Electron microscopy showed that phenols occurred in the cytoplasm of cortical cells inside physodes. Spring would be the best period to harvest C. tamariscifolia to extract photoprotectors and antioxidants for potential commercial uses, although the environmental impacts would need to be carefully assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Eder C Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Starko S, Martone PT. Evidence of an evolutionary-developmental trade-off between drag avoidance and tolerance strategies in wave-swept intertidal kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). J Phycol 2016; 52:54-63. [PMID: 26987088 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kelps are a clade of morphologically diverse, ecologically important habitat-forming species. Many kelps live in wave-swept environments and are exposed to chronic flow-induced stress. In order to grow and survive in these harsh environments, kelps can streamline (reducing drag coefficient) to avoid drag or to increase attachment and breakage force to tolerate it. We aimed to quantify the drag tolerance and streamlining strategies of kelps from wave-swept intertidal habitats. We measured drag coefficient and tenacity of populations from eight kelp species over a wide range of sizes to determine whether kelps avoid dislodgement by reducing drag coefficient or by increasing tenacity as they grow, and whether these traits are traded off. We employed phylogenetic comparative methods to rule out potentially confounding effects of species' relatedness. There was a significant negative relationship between drag avoidance and tolerance strategies, even after incorporating phylogeny. Kelps that were more tenacious were less able to reduce drag, resulting in a continuum from "tolerators" to "streamliners," with some species demonstrating intermediate, mixed strategies. Drag and tenacity were correlated with geometric properties (i.e., second moment of area) of the stipe in large kelps. Results presented in this study suggest that kelps are either strong or streamlined, but not both. This continuum is consistent with avoidance and tolerance trade-offs that have been documented in many different biological systems and may have widespread implications for the evolution of large macroalgae, perhaps driving morphological diversity within this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Starko
- Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T1Z4
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T1Z4
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In contrast to the generally boron-poor terrestrial environment, the concentration of boron in the marine environment is relatively high (0.4 mM) and while there has been extensive interest in its use as a surrogate of pH in paleoclimate studies in the context of climate change-related questions, the relatively depth independent, and the generally non-nutrient-like concentration profile of this element have led to boron being neglected as a potentially biologically relevant element in the ocean. Among the marine plant-like organisms the brown algae (Phaeophyta) are one of only five lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes to have evolved complex multicellularity. Many of unusual and often unique features of brown algae are attributable to this singular evolutionary history. These adaptations are a reflection of the marine coastal environment which brown algae dominate in terms of biomass. Consequently, brown algae are of fundamental importance to oceanic ecology, geochemistry, and coastal industry. Our results indicate that boron is taken up by a facilitated diffusion mechanism against a considerable concentration gradient. Furthermore, in both Ectocarpus and Macrocystis some boron is most likely bound to cell wall constituent alginate and the photoassimilate mannitol located in sieve cells. Herein, we describe boron uptake, speciation, localization and possible biological function in two species of brown algae, Macrocystis pyrifera and Ectocarpus siliculosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
| | - Youxian Wu
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA
| | - Carl J Carrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lipinska AP, Van Damme EJM, De Clerck O. Molecular evolution of candidate male reproductive genes in the brown algal model Ectocarpus. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26728038 PMCID: PMC4700764 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionary studies of genes that mediate recognition between sperm and egg contribute to our understanding of reproductive isolation and speciation. Surface receptors involved in fertilization are targets of sexual selection, reinforcement, and other evolutionary forces including positive selection. This observation was made across different lineages of the eukaryotic tree from land plants to mammals, and is particularly evident in free-spawning animals. Here we use the brown algal model species Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae) to investigate the evolution of candidate gamete recognition proteins in a distant major phylogenetic group of eukaryotes. RESULTS Male gamete specific genes were identified by comparing transcriptome data covering different stages of the Ectocarpus life cycle and screened for characteristics expected from gamete recognition receptors. Selected genes were sequenced in a representative number of strains from distant geographical locations and varying stages of reproductive isolation, to search for signatures of adaptive evolution. One of the genes (Esi0130_0068) showed evidence of selective pressure. Interestingly, that gene displayed domain similarities to the receptor for egg jelly (REJ) protein involved in sperm-egg recognition in sea urchins. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a male gamete specific gene with similarity to known gamete recognition receptors and signatures of adaptation. Altogether, this gene could contribute to gamete interaction during reproduction as well as reproductive isolation in Ectocarpus and is therefore a good candidate for further functional evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka P Lipinska
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vieira C, Thomas OP, Culioli G, Genta-Jouve G, Houlbreque F, Gaubert J, De Clerck O, Payri CE. Allelopathic interactions between the brown algal genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) and scleractinian corals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18637. [PMID: 26728003 PMCID: PMC4700470 DOI: 10.1038/srep18637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy has been recently suggested as a mechanism by which macroalgae may outcompete corals in damaged reefs. Members of the brown algal genus Lobophora are commonly observed in close contact with scleractinian corals and have been considered responsible for negative effects of macroalgae to scleractinian corals. Recent field assays have suggested the potential role of chemical mediators in this interaction. We performed in situ bioassays testing the allelopathy of crude extracts and isolated compounds of several Lobophora species, naturally associated or not with corals, against four corals in New Caledonia. Our results showed that, regardless of their natural association with corals, organic extracts from species of the genus Lobophora are intrinsically capable of bleaching some coral species upon direct contact. Additionally, three new C21 polyunsaturated alcohols named lobophorenols A-C (1-3) were isolated and identified. Significant allelopathic effects against Acropora muricata were identified for these compounds. In situ observations in New Caledonia, however, indicated that while allelopathic interactions are likely to occur at the macroalgal-coral interface, Lobophora spp. rarely bleached their coral hosts. These findings are important toward our understanding of the importance of allelopathy versus other processes such as herbivory in the interaction between macroalgae and corals in reef ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vieira
- UMR ENTROPIE, LabEx-CORAIL, U227 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens”, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IFD, Paris, France
| | - Olivier P. Thomas
- Institut de Chimie de Nice-EEIC, UMR 7272 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Nice, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Station marine d’Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, Marseille, France
| | - Gérald Culioli
- Institut de Chimie de Nice-EEIC, UMR 7272 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Nice, France
- Université de Toulon, MAPIEM, EA 4323, La Garde, France
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et de Chimie des Substances Naturelles- UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Houlbreque
- UMR ENTROPIE, LabEx-CORAIL, U227 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens”, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Julie Gaubert
- UMR ENTROPIE, LabEx-CORAIL, U227 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens”, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- Institut de Chimie de Nice-EEIC, UMR 7272 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Nice, France
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Claude E. Payri
- UMR ENTROPIE, LabEx-CORAIL, U227 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens”, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| |
Collapse
|