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Hanley ME, Firth LB, Foggo A. Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world. Ann Bot 2024; 133:1-16. [PMID: 37996092 PMCID: PMC10921835 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine macroalgae ('seaweeds') are a diverse and globally distributed group of photosynthetic organisms that together generate considerable primary productivity, provide an array of different habitats for other organisms, and contribute many important ecosystem functions and services. As a result of continued anthropogenic stress on marine systems, many macroalgal species and habitats face an uncertain future, risking their vital contribution to global productivity and ecosystem service provision. SCOPE After briefly considering the remarkable taxonomy and ecological distribution of marine macroalgae, we review how the threats posed by a combination of anthropogenically induced stressors affect seaweed species and communities. From there we highlight five critical avenues for further research to explore (long-term monitoring, use of functional traits, focus on early ontogeny, biotic interactions and impact of marine litter on coastal vegetation). CONCLUSIONS Although there are considerable parallels with terrestrial vascular plant responses to the many threats posed by anthropogenic stressors, we note that the impacts of some (e.g. habitat loss) are much less keenly felt in the oceans than on land. Nevertheless, and in common with terrestrial plant communities, the impact of climate change will inevitably be the most pernicious threat to the future persistence of seaweed species, communities and service provision. While understanding macroalgal responses to simultaneous environmental stressors is inevitably a complex exercise, our attempt to highlight synergies with terrestrial systems, and provide five future research priorities to elucidate some of the important trends and mechanisms of response, may yet offer some small contribution to this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
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2
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Muguerza N, Quintano E, Díez I, García-Baquero G, Figueroa FL, Vega J, Gorostiaga JM. Split-plot marine experiment to assess ecophysiological responses of Gelidium corneum assemblages. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106310. [PMID: 38150788 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Canopy-forming macroalgae are facing large declines due to climate change worldwide. The foundation species Gelidium corneum (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux has shown a long-term decline in the Southeastern Bay of Biscay. We conducted an in situ experiment to investigate the combined effect of solar radiation and nutrient availability on the photosynthetic acclimation and growth of this macrophyte, and on the species richness and diversity of the assemblages that it forms. Photochemical stress in G. corneum was found to be greater at the end of the study, probably as a result of a prolonged exposure to high irradiance (PAR and UVR) and due to high temperatures during summer. We found an acclimation of G. corneum specimens to summer light and thermal conditions through dynamic/reversible photoinhibition and a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. Nutrients may also have had a positive effect in dealing with the negative effects of these stressors. Under ongoing global climate change and projections for the future, further research will be needed to better understand the effects not only on canopy forming species but also on the whole community and thus on the functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muguerza
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - E Quintano
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Díez
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - G García-Baquero
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Avda Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F L Figueroa
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Lomas de San Julián, 2, 29004, Malaga, Spain
| | - J Vega
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Lomas de San Julián, 2, 29004, Malaga, Spain
| | - J M Gorostiaga
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Fu J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Liu L. Competitive effects of the macroalga Caulerpa taxifolia on key physiological processes in the scleractinian coral Turbinaria peltata under thermal stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16646. [PMID: 38107563 PMCID: PMC10725675 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased abundance of macroalgae has been observed in coral reefs damaged by climate change and local environmental stressors. Macroalgae have a sublethal effect on corals that includes the inhibition of their growth, development, and reproduction. Thus, this study explored the effects of the macroalga, Caulerpa taxifolia, on the massive coral, Turbinaria peltata, under thermal stress. We compared the responses of the corals' water-meditated interaction with algae (the co-occurrence group) and those in direct contact with algae at two temperatures. The results show that after co-culturing with C. taxifolia for 28 days, the density content of the dinoflagellate endosymbionts was significantly influenced by the presence of C. taxifolia at ambient temperature (27 °C), from 1.3 × 106 cells cm-2 in control group to 0.95 × 106 cells cm-2 in the co-occurrence group and to 0.89 × 106 cells cm-2 in the direct contact group. The chlorophyll a concentration only differed significantly between the control and the direct contact group at 27 °C. The protein content of T. peltata decreased by 37.2% in the co-occurrence group and 49.0% in the direct contact group compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the growth rate of T. peltata decreased by 57.7% in the co-occurrence group and 65.5% in the direct contact group compared to the control group. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes significantly increased, and there was a stronger effect of direct coral contact with C. taxifolia than the co-occurrence group. At 30 °C, the endosymbiont density, chlorophyll a content, and growth rate of T. peltata significantly decreased compared to the control temperature; the same pattern was seen in the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, when the coral was co-cultured with macroalgae at 30 °C, there was no significant decrease in the density or chlorophyll a content of the endosymbiont compared to the control. However, the interaction of macroalgae and elevated temperature was evident in the feeding rate, protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity compared to the control group. The direct contact of the coral with macroalga had a greater impact than water-meditated interactions. Hence, the competition between coral and macroalga may be more intense under thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianRong Fu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - JiaLi Zhou
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - YanPing Zhang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Arriaga O, Wawrzynkowski P, Ibáñez H, Muguerza N, Díez I, Pérez-Ruzafa I, Gorostiaga JM, Quintano E, Becerro MA. Short-term response of macroalgal communities to ocean warming in the Southern Bay of Biscay. Mar Environ Res 2023; 190:106098. [PMID: 37453282 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing significant shifts in biological communities worldwide, including the degradation of marine communities. Previous research has predicted that southern Bay of Biscay canopy-forming subtidal macroalgal communities will shift into turf-forming Mediterranean-like communities by the end of the century. These predictions were based on a community-environment relationship model that used macroalgal abundance data and IPCC environmental projections. We have tested the short-term accuracy of that model by resampling the same communities and locations four years later and found the short-term predictions to be consistent with the observed communities. Changes in sea surface temperature were positively correlated with changes in the Community Temperature Index, suggesting that macroalgal communities had responded quickly to global warming. The changes over four years were significant, but canopy-forming macroalgae were more resilient in local sites with favourable temperature conditions. Our study demonstrated that updating predictive models with new data has the potential to yield reliable predictions and inform effective conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arriaga
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Wawrzynkowski
- The BITES Lab, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Access Cala S Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - H Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - N Muguerza
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - I Díez
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - I Pérez-Ruzafa
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C/José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Gorostiaga
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - E Quintano
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Fac. of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - M A Becerro
- The BITES Lab, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Access Cala S Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain.
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Mancuso FP, Morrissey KL, De Clerck O, Airoldi L. Warming and nutrient enrichment can trigger seaweed loss by dysregulation of the microbiome structure and predicted function. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:162919. [PMID: 36958561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Warming and nutrient enrichment are key pervasive drivers of ecological shifts in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, impairing the physiology and survival of a wide range of foundation species. But the underlying mechanisms often remain unclear, and experiments have overlooked the potential effects mediated by changes in the microbial communities. We experimentally tested in the field orthogonal stress combinations from simulated air warming and nutrient enrichment on the intertidal foundation seaweed Cystoseira compressa, and its associated bacterial communities. A total of 523 Amplicon Sequence Variance (ASVs) formed the bacterial community on C. compressa, with 222 ASVs assigned to 69 taxa at the genus level. Most bacteria taxa experienced changes in abundance as a result of additive (65 %) and antagonistic (30 %) interactions between the two stressors, with synergies (5 %) occurring less frequently. The analysis of the predicted bacterial functional profile identified 160 metabolic pathways, and showed that these were mostly affected by additive interactions (74 %) between air warming and nutrient enrichment, while antagonisms (20 %) and synergisms (6 %) were less frequent. Overall, the two stressors combined increased functions associated with seaweed disease or degradation of major cell-wall polymers and other algicidal processes, and decreased functions associated with Quorum Quenching and photosynthetic response. We conclude that warming and nutrient enrichment can dysregulate the microbiome of seaweeds, providing a plausible mechanism for their ongoing loss, and encourage more research into the effects of human impacts on crucial but yet largely unstudied host-microbiome relationships in different aquatic and terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Kathryn Lee Morrissey
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Airoldi
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy; Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, UO CoNISMa, University of Padova, Chioggia, Italy.
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6
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Rothäusler E, Dobretsov S, Gómez MF, Jofré-Madariaga D, Thiel M, Véliz K, Tala F. Effect of UV-radiation on the physiology of the invasive green seaweed Codium fragile and its associated bacteria. Mar Environ Res 2022; 180:105708. [PMID: 35952513 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species such as seaweeds often have a broad tolerance, allowing them to colonize novel habitats. During invasion, also new epibacteria can be formed on seaweeds, which have important chemo-ecological effects. Since UV-radiation (UVR) is one of the main factors affecting seaweeds and their epibacteria, we tested its effect on intertidal and subtidal thalli of the invasive seaweed Codium fragile from three sites and monitored photosynthesis, antioxidant activity and epibacteria. Exposure to UV-radiation resulted in photoinhibition with a subsequent low recovery in subtidal thalli from 23°S compared to 27°S and 30°S, which both showed a higher and almost complete recovery. However, a high antioxidant activity was present in all thalli, permitting to explain its relatively high tolerance to new environments. UV-radiation modified the composition of the epibacteria community by reducing its diversity and evenness. Our results showed that C. fragile responds plastic to variable UV-radiation (depending on site and water depth), which contributes to its high invasion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rothäusler
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras - Universidad de Atacama (CIC - UDA), Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - María Fernanda Gómez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - David Jofré-Madariaga
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas mención Sistemas Marinos Costeros, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta, 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Karina Véliz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fadia Tala
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile.
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Ma WF, Li JY. [Analysis of the underlying mechanisms of green tide with a perspective of algae ecophysiology]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1420-1428. [PMID: 35730102 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green tide in the sea is an abnormal ecological phenomenon caused by the explosive proliferation or high aggregation of some green macroalgae under particular environmental conditions. Since 2007, green tides have occurred in the Yellow Sea for 15 consecutive years, resulting in extremely serious damage to coastal ecological environment, social development, and economic construction. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the green tide problem, which is driven by external and internal factors. Global researchers have scientifically recognized the external causes (environmental factors) of the green tide blooms, and have carried out a series of studies on the physiological response of green tide algae to some environmental factors and obtained some achievements. However, the internal causes of green tide blooms, which is the intense ecophysiological adaptability of green tide algae in response to drastic fluctuation of environmental factors, has not yet been sufficiently addressed. From the perspective of algae ecophysiology, we reviewed the response mechanisms of green tide forming species to the fluctuations of various ecological factors, including light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity, desiccation, nutrient, heavy metals, and biotic factors. Moreover, we summarized the adaptive regulation mechanisms of green tide algae dealing with fluctuating environmental factors from the aspects of photosynthetic and growth physiology, nutritional physio-logy, and reproductive physiology, which help reveal the internal mechanisms of green tide blooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Ma
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Fu M, Cao S, Li J, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhuang M, Qin Y, Gao S, Sun Y, Kim JK, Zhang J, He P. Controlling the main source of green tides in the Yellow Sea through the method of biological competition. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 177:113561. [PMID: 35305372 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal blooms have become a serious threat to public health, fisheries, ecosystems, and global economies. Since 2007, in the Yellow Sea, China, Ulva green tides have occurred for 15 consecutive years. However, effective control methods are limited. Ulva prolifera attached to Neopyropia aquaculture rafts are believed to be the main source of blooms, therefore eliminating Ulva from rafts could effectively prevent and control blooms. We investigated this phenomenon and showed that macroalgae germination was significantly inhibited by dried Neopyropia yezoensis at concentrations of 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g DW-1. Also, the inhibitory effects of dried N. yezoensis toward U. prolifera gametes at 2.4 and 4.8 g DW-1 were >90% at day 21. N. yezoensis culture filtrates and thalli were also used to determine dose-dependent inhibition effects on U. prolifera gamete germination. Both were potent and significantly inhibited germination at 1.75-7 g FW-1; the inhibitory effect 7 g FW-1 was >90% at day 21. As N. yezoensis thalli exhibited high inhibitory effects in laboratory experiments, we also performed field studies. N. yezoensis on ropes displayed high inhibitory effects on Ulva attachment and growth. Thus N. yezoensis powder, culture filtrates, and thalli displayed strong inhibitory effects on U. prolifera gametes, suggesting N. yezoensis attachment to ropes could be used to control green tides at the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Fu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shichao Cao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jingshi Li
- College of Marine Resources & Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Minmin Zhuang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yutao Qin
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Song Gao
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administrator, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Department of Marine Science, School of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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9
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Mariel P, Demel S, Longo A. Modelling welfare estimates in discrete choice experiments for seaweed-based renewable energy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260352. [PMID: 34843549 PMCID: PMC8629263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore what researchers can gain or lose by using three widely used models for the analysis of discrete choice experiment data-the random parameter logit (RPL) with correlated parameters, the RPL with uncorrelated parameters and the hybrid choice model. Specifically, we analyze three data sets focused on measuring preferences to support a renewable energy programme to grow seaweed for biogas production. In spite of the fact that all three models can converge to very similar median WTP values, they cannot be used indistinguishably. Each model is based on different assumptions, which should be tested before their use. The fact that standard sample sizes usually applied in environmental valuation are generally unable to capture the outcome differences between the models cannot be used as a justification for their indistinct application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mariel
- Department of Quantitative Methods, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Simona Demel
- School of Biological Sciences, IGFS, Gibson Institute, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Longo
- School of Biological Sciences, IGFS, Gibson Institute, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chakraborty K, Kizhakkekalam VK, Joy M, Chakraborty RD. Novel amylomacins from seaweed-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as prospective antimicrobial leads attenuating resistant bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:200. [PMID: 34664128 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains prompting nosocomial infections drives the search for new bioactive substances of promising antibacterial properties. The surfaces of seaweeds are rich in heterotrophic bacteria with prospective antimicrobial substances. This study aimed to isolate antibacterial leads from a seaweed-associated bacterium. Heterotrophic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MTCC 12716 associated with the seaweed Hypnea valentiae, was isolated and screened for antimicrobial properties against drug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial crude extract was purified and three novel amicoumacin-class of isocoumarin analogues, 11'-butyl acetate amicoumacin C (amylomacin A), 4'-hydroxy-11'-methoxyethyl carboxylate amicoumacin C (amylomacin B) and 11'-butyl amicoumacin C (amylomacin C) were isolated to homogeneity. The studied amylomacins possessed potential activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella flexneri with a range of minimum inhibitory concentration values from 0.78 to 3.12 µg/mL, although standard antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol were active at 6.25-25 µg/mL. Noticeably, the amylomacin compound encompassing 4'-hydroxy-11'-methoxyethyl carboxylate amicoumacin C functionality (amylomacin B), displayed considerably greater antagonistic activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, and K. pneumoniae (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.78 μg/mL) compared to the positive controls and other amylomacin analogues. Antimicrobial properties of the amylomacins, coupled with the presence of polyketide synthase-I/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid gene attributed the bacterium as a promising source of antimicrobial compounds with pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Vinaya Kizhakkepatt Kizhakkekalam
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lakeside Campus, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala State, India
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Rekha Devi Chakraborty
- Crustacean Fisheries Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
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11
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Donovan MK, Burkepile DE, Kratochwill C, Shlesinger T, Sully S, Oliver TA, Hodgson G, Freiwald J, van Woesik R. Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves. Science 2021; 372:977-980. [PMID: 34045353 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd9464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events that lead to widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Given the global nature of these mass coral mortality events, recent studies argue that mitigating climate change is the only path to conserve coral reefs. Using a global analysis of 223 sites, we show that local stressors act synergistically with climate change to kill corals. Local factors such as high abundance of macroalgae or urchins magnified coral loss in the year after bleaching. Notably, the combined effects of increasing heat stress and macroalgae intensified coral loss. Our results offer an optimistic premise that effective local management, alongside global efforts to mitigate climate change, can help coral reefs survive the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Donovan
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science and School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Chelsey Kratochwill
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Tom Shlesinger
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Shannon Sully
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Thomas A Oliver
- Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | | | - Jan Freiwald
- Reef Check Foundation, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Robert van Woesik
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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12
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Buys B, Derycke S, De Meester N, Moens T. Colonization of macroalgal deposits by estuarine nematodes through air and potential for rafting inside algal structures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246723. [PMID: 33857148 PMCID: PMC8049275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is an important life-history trait. In marine meiofauna, and particularly in nematodes, dispersal is generally considered to be mainly passive, i.e. through transport with water currents and bedload transport. Because nematodes have no larval dispersal stage and have a poor swimming ability, their per capita dispersal capacity is expected to be limited. Nevertheless, many marine nematode genera and even species have near-cosmopolitan distributions, and at much smaller spatial scales, can rapidly colonise new habitat patches. Here we demonstrate that certain marine nematodes, like the morphospecies Litoditis marina, can live inside macroalgal structures such as receptacula and-to a lesser extent-floating bladders, which may allow them to raft over large distances with drifting macroalgae. We also demonstrate for the first time that these nematodes can colonize new habitat patches, such as newly deposited macroalgal wrack in the intertidal, not only through seawater but also through air. Our experimental set-up demonstrates that this aerial transport is probably the result of hitchhiking on vectors such as insects, which visit, and move between, the patches of deposited algae. Transport by wind, which has been observed for terrestrial nematodes and freshwater zooplankton, could not be demonstrated. These results can be important for our understanding of both large-scale geographic distribution patterns and of the small-scale colonization dynamics of habitat patches by marine nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartelijntje Buys
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Derycke
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele De Meester
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Moens
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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13
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Román M, Román S, Vázquez E, Troncoso J, Olabarria C. Heatwaves during low tide are critical for the physiological performance of intertidal macroalgae under global warming scenarios. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21408. [PMID: 33293562 PMCID: PMC7722886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and distribution of intertidal canopy-forming macroalgae are threatened by the increase in sea surface temperature and in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves caused by global warming. This study evaluated the physiological response of predominant intertidal macroalgae in the NW Iberian Peninsula (Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Codium tomentosum) to increased seawater temperature during immersion and increased air temperatures during consecutive emersion cycles. We combined field mensuration and laboratory experiments in which we measured mortality, growth, maximum quantum yield and C:N content of the macroalgae. Air temperature was a critical factor in determining physiological responses and survivorship of all species, whereas high seawater temperature had sublethal effects. Cystoseira tamariscifolia suffered the greatest decreases in Fv/Fm, growth and the highest mortality under higher air temperatures, whereas C. tomentosum was the most resistant and resilient species. Two consecutive cycles of emersion under atmospheric heatwaves caused cumulative stress in all three macroalgae, affecting the physiological performance and increasing the mortality. The potential expansion of the warm-temperate species B. bifurcata, C. tamariscifolia and C. tomentosum in the NW Iberian Peninsula in response to increasing seawater temperature may be affected by the impact of increased air temperature, especially in a region where the incidence of atmospheric heatwaves is expected to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Román
- Departamento de Ecoloxía E Bioloxía Animal. Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
- CIM. Grupo de Ecoloxía Costeira, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Román
- Departamento de Ecoloxía E Bioloxía Animal. Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- CIM. Grupo de Ecoloxía Costeira, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elsa Vázquez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía E Bioloxía Animal. Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- CIM. Grupo de Ecoloxía Costeira, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús Troncoso
- Departamento de Ecoloxía E Bioloxía Animal. Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- CIM. Grupo de Ecoloxía Costeira, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía E Bioloxía Animal. Facultade de Ciencias Do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- CIM. Grupo de Ecoloxía Costeira, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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14
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Abstract
Life evolved in an acoustic world. Sound is perceived in different ways by the species that inhabit the Planet. Among organisms, also some algal species seem to respond to sound stimuli with increased cell growth and productivity. The purpose of this Short Communication is to provide an overview of the current literature about various organisms and sound, with particular attention to algal organisms, which, when subjected to sound applications, can change their metabolism accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frongia
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Arru
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
- CONTACT Laura Arru Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
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15
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de Caralt S, Verdura J, Vergés A, Ballesteros E, Cebrian E. Differential effects of pollution on adult and recruits of a canopy-forming alga: implications for population viability under low pollutant levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17825. [PMID: 33082390 PMCID: PMC7575554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgal forests are highly productive and iconic ecosystems, which are seriously threatened by number of factors such as habitat destruction, overgrazing, ocean warming, and pollution. The effect of chronic, but low levels of pollutants on the long-term survival of the canopy-forming algae is not well understood. Here we test the effects of low concentrations (found in good quality water-bodies) of nitrates, heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), and herbicides (glyphosate) on both adults and recruits of Carpodesmia crinita, a Mediterranean canopy forming macroalga. We show that although adult biomass, height and photosynthetic yield remain almost unaffected in all the assays, low Cu levels of 30 µg/L completely suppress adult fertility. In addition, all the assays have a strong and negative impact on the survival and growth of recruits; in particular, glyphosate concentrations above 1 µg/L almost totally inhibit their survival. These results suggest that the long-term viability of C. crinita may be severely compromised by low pollutant levels that are not affecting adult specimens. Our results provide important data for a better understanding of the present-day threats to marine canopy-forming macroalgae and for the design of future management actions aimed at preserving macroalgal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia de Caralt
- GRMAR, Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), University of Girona (UdG), c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jana Verdura
- GRMAR, Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), University of Girona (UdG), c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Alba Vergés
- GRMAR, Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), University of Girona (UdG), c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ d'accés a la Cala St Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Emma Cebrian
- GRMAR, Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), University of Girona (UdG), c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ d'accés a la Cala St Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain.
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16
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Pereira RC, Nocchi N, Souto ML, Fernández JJ, Norte M, Duarte HM, Soares AR. The sea-hare Aplysia brasiliana promotes induction in chemical defense in the seaweed Laurencia dendroidea and in their congeneric neighbors. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:295-303. [PMID: 32590291 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inducible chemical defenses are more common in temperate seaweeds than tropical ones, and are directly detected by increase of chemical contents, or indirectly by differential consumption of live seaweed tissues or artificial food with algal extracts by herbivores. In general, seaweed-induced chemical defense occur between 11 and 20 days after both simulated/artificial or direct herbivory. Here, we used experimental procedures to assess induced chemical defense in the tropical red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea as response to direct grazing, chemical cues from grazed conspecific neighbors and only presence of herbivores. Chemical defenses were analyzed by detecting the palatability of artificial food containing L. dendroidea extracts offered to Aplysia brasiliana and by comparative analyses of extracts from this seaweed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, as well as metabolomic data analysis by Principal Component Analysis. Our results revealed that direct grazing by A. brasiliana induced a rapid (after 48 h) response among individuals of L. dendroidea, as did waterborne chemical cues from grazed conspecifics, but the presence of sea hare alone did not elicit a response. Increased resistance to grazing was accompanied by significative changes in sesquiterpene metabolomic chemical profile, revealing that induced defense: may be more widespread among seaweeds, independent of latitude; can involve changes in other classes of substances besides phlorotannins or not only the increase in the content of a single compound; and may be a rapid and ecologically coherent response to consumers. In addition, the importance of incorporating the metabolomic approach when examining inducible chemical defense in seaweeds is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Pereira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense,Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Morro do Valonguinho s/n, 24020-141,Niterói, Brasil.
| | - Nathália Nocchi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense,Programa de Pós-graduação em Dinâmica dos Oceanos e da Terra, Avenida General Milton Tavares de Souza, Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niterói,Brasil; Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Av. São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - María L Souto
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José J Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Norte
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Heitor M Duarte
- Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Av. São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - Angélica R Soares
- Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Av. São José do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
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17
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Li N, Tong M, Glibert PM. Effect of allelochemicals on photosynthetic and antioxidant defense system of Ulva prolifera. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 224:105513. [PMID: 32504860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulva prolifera is a macroalgae that forms massive blooms, negatively impacting natural communities, aquaculture operations and recreation. The effects of the natural products, eugenol, β-myrcene, citral and nonanoic acid on the growth rate, antioxidative defense system and photosynthesis of Ulva prolifera were investigated as a possible control strategy for this harmful taxon. Negative effects on growth were observed with all four chemicals, due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to the thalli. However, the response of U. prolifera under the four chemicals stress was different at the cellular level. β-myrcene, the most effective compound in terms of growth inhibition, induced oxidative stress as shown by the damage of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the downregulation of the glutathione-ascorbate (GSH-ASA) cycle which inhibited the antioxidative system. This chemical also inhibited photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms in U. prolifera, resulting in growth limitation. In contrast, U. prolifera was less affected by the second tested chemical, eugenol, and showed no significant change on photosynthetic efficiency in the presence of the chemical. The inhibition effects of the third and fourth tested chemicals, nonanoic acid and citralon, on growth and on the antioxidant defense system in U. prolifera were inferior. These results provide a potential avenue for controlling green tides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environment Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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18
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Rugiu L, Panova M, Pereyra RT, Jormalainen V. Gene regulatory response to hyposalinity in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:42. [PMID: 31931708 PMCID: PMC6958763 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rockweeds are among the most important foundation species of temperate rocky littoral shores. In the Baltic Sea, the rockweed Fucus vesiculosus is distributed along a decreasing salinity gradient from the North Atlantic entrance to the low-salinity regions in the north-eastern margins, thus, demonstrating a remarkable tolerance to hyposalinity. The underlying mechanisms for this tolerance are still poorly understood. Here, we exposed F. vesiculosus from two range-margin populations to the hyposaline (2.5 PSU - practical salinity unit) conditions that are projected to occur in the region by the end of this century as a result of climate change. We used transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) to determine the gene expression patterns associated with hyposalinity acclimation, and examined the variation in these patterns between the sampled populations. RESULTS Hyposalinity induced different responses in the two populations: in one, only 26 genes were differentially expressed between salinity treatments, while the other population demonstrated up- or downregulation in 3072 genes. In the latter population, the projected future hyposalinity induced an acute response in terms of antioxidant production. Genes associated with membrane composition and structure were also heavily involved, with the upregulation of fatty acid and actin production, and the downregulation of ion channels and alginate pathways. Changes in gene expression patterns clearly indicated an inhibition of the photosynthetic machinery, with a consequent downregulation of carbohydrate production. Simultaneously, energy consumption increased, as revealed by the upregulation of genes associated with respiration and ATP synthesis. Overall, the genes that demonstrated the largest increase in expression were ribosomal proteins involved in translation pathways. The fixation rate of SNP:s was higher within genes responding to hyposalinity than elsewhere in the transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS The high fixation rate in the genes coding for salinity acclimation mechanisms implies strong selection for them. The among-population differentiation that we observed in the transcriptomic response to hyposalinity stress suggests that populations of F. vesiculosus may differ in their tolerance to future desalination, possibly as a result of local adaptation to salinity conditions within the Baltic Sea. These results emphasise the importance of considering interspecific genetic variation when evaluating the consequences of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rugiu
- Department of Marine Sciences –Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Marina Panova
- Department of Marine Sciences –Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Tomás Pereyra
- Department of Marine Sciences –Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Rossi F, Viejo RM, Duarte L, Vaz-Pinto F, Gestoso I, Olabarria C. Removal of an established invader can change gross primary production of native macroalgae and alter carbon flow in intertidal rock pools. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217121. [PMID: 31794557 PMCID: PMC6890258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of invasive species on recipient communities can vary with environmental context and across levels of biological complexity. We investigated how an established invasive seaweed species affected the biomass, eco-physiology, carbon and nitrogen storage capacity of native seaweeds at sites with a different environmental setting due to a persistent upwelling in northern Spain. We removed the invasive Japanese wireweed Sargassum muticum from intertidal rock pools once every month during a one-year period and used an in-situ stable isotope pulse-chase labeling to estimate gross primary production (GPP), nitrogen uptake rate, 13C-carbon and 15N-nitrogen storage capacities. Following the addition of 13C-enriched bicarbonate and 15N-enriched nitrate to the seawater in the rock pools during the period of the low tide, we sampled macroalgal thalli at incoming tide to determine label uptake rate. After four days, we sampled macroalgal assemblages to determine both label storage capacity and biomass. After one year of removal there was no change in the macroalgal assemblage. However, both the GPP and 13C-carbon storage capacity were higher in the turf-forming Corallina spp. and, sometimes, in the canopy-forming Bifurcaria bifurcata. Nitrogen uptake rate followed similar, but more variable results. Although S. muticum inhibited carbon storage capacity of native species, the assemblage-level 13C-carbon storage was similar in the S. muticum-removed and control rock pools because the presence of the invasive species compensated for the functional loss of native species, particularly at sites where it was most abundant. No obvious effects were observed in relation to the environmental setting. Overall, the effect of the invasive S. muticum on carbon flow appeared to be mediated both by the effects on resource-use efficiency of native species and by its own biomass. Integrating physiological and assemblage-level responses can provide a broad understanding of how invasive species affect recipient communities and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa M. Viejo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linney Duarte
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Vaz-Pinto
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Caniçal, Madeira Island, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Gestoso
- IIMAR/CIMAR,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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20
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Costa GB, Ramlov F, de Ramos B, Koerich G, Gouvea L, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Maraschin M, Horta PA. Physiological damages of Sargassum cymosum and Hypnea pseudomusciformis exposed to trace metals from mining tailing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36486-36498. [PMID: 31732948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The damages of Mariana's mining mud in the physiology of the brown algae Sargassum cymosum and its main epiphytic, the red algae Hypnea pseudomusciformis, were evaluated by controlled essays. Seaweeds were exposed to presence or absence of mud, isolated or in biological association, for 5 and 15 days. Measured parameters were growth rates, biochemical descriptors, and the chemical investigation of concentration and metal profile of the mud dissolved in seawater. Results showed that the highest values for metals were Al > Fe > Mn > Zn in both exposure periods. The mud also affected the growth rate with lethality in both isolated and associative treatments with H. pseudomusciformis after 15 days. According to our redundancy analysis (RDA), the profile and concentration of all metallic elements can induce different physiological responses of the organisms. We were able to observe a higher physiological adaptive ability of S. cymosum against the long-term presence of metals by the synthesis of phenolic compounds, while the deviation of metabolic routes in H. pseudomusciformis can be addressed as the main responsible for its lethality. Moreover, the presence of Hypnea in associative treatments reduces Sargassum's detoxification ability. The present results reinforce the importance of biological interaction studies in a context of physiological resilience against mining mud pollution and mutual influences of species over the individual ability to avoid oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Burle Costa
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Ramos
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Koerich
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Gouvea
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil.
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21
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Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barreiro R, Franco JN, Cremades J, Cunha J, Arenas F. Unexpected nutrient influence on the thermal ecophysiology of seaweeds that recently followed opposite abundance shifts. Mar Environ Res 2019; 151:104747. [PMID: 31230707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
World's oceans are warming, and recent studies suggest that the Iberian upwelling system may be weakening. To understand the potential consequences of both trends, six intertidal seaweeds that recently followed opposite upward and downward abundance shifts in the Iberian upwelling region were exposed for six weeks to conditions simulating present and warmed scenarios, combined with nutrient treatments emulating the influence and absence of the upwelling. Unlike expectations, a high nutrient supply did not ameliorate the effects of warming. Instead, warming slowed down growth in four seaweeds and accelerated the photosynthesis of downward seaweeds only if nutrients were abundant. In a weakened upwelling scenario, nutrient limitation might more strongly influence the performance of both upward and downward seaweeds than warming. With a normally functioning upwelling, warming might be more detrimental to the performance of some downward seaweeds as they might would lose their ability to benefit from the extra nutrient input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - João N Franco
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jacinto Cunha
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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22
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Sfriso AA, Mistri M, Munari C, Moro I, Wahsha M, Sfriso A, Juhmani AS. Hazardous effects of silver nanoparticles for primary producers in transitional water systems: The case of the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Environ Int 2019; 131:104942. [PMID: 31491810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and silver nitrate was evaluated on the marine macroalga Ulva rigida C. Agardh (1823). Silver bioaccumulation, ultrastructural chloroplast damages verified by TEM microscopy, inhibition of primary production, neutral lipid production and oxidative stress were observed after 24 h of exposure to AgNP. The toxic effects of silver nitrate in artificial seawater started from a concentration of 0.05 ppm and was more toxic than AgNP that produced effects from a concentration of 0.1 ppm. However only AgNP induced lipid peroxidation in U. rigida. The addition of natural organic and inorganic ligands, represented by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and clay, drastically reduced AgNP acute toxicity in a ratio AgNP:ligand of 1:100 and 1:200, respectively. The findings suggest a marked toxicity of Ag on marine macroalgae which however should be mitigated by the high natural ligand concentrations of the transitional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammad Wahsha
- Marine Science Station, The University of Jordan, Aqaba branch, Jordan
| | - Adriano Sfriso
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, Italy
| | - Abdul-Salam Juhmani
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, Italy
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23
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Wu H, Feng J, Li X, Zhao C, Liu Y, Yu J, Xu J. Effects of increased CO 2 and temperature on the physiological characteristics of the golden tide blooming macroalgae Sargassum horneri in the Yellow Sea, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:639-644. [PMID: 31426203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The golden tide, caused by the brown algae Sargassum horneri, exerts severe influences on the Pyropia aquaculture of Jiangsu coast, China. To study the outbreak of the golden tide in response to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, S. horneri was cultured under four conditions: ambient condition (10 °C, 400 μatm), elevated temperature condition (14 °C, 400 μatm), elevated CO2 level (10 °C, 1000 μatm), and potential greenhouse condition (14 °C, 1000 μatm). The growth, photosynthetic performances, and inorganic carbon affinity of S. horneri were studied. The results showed that elevated temperature exerted a more pronounced positive influence on S. horneri growth, photosynthesis, and carbon assimilation than CO2 enrichment. The growth of S. horneri was significantly improved by moderately elevated temperatures, especially under concurrently elevated CO2 levels. This suggests that the greenhouse effect will benefit growth and carbon sequestration of S. horneri, which may enhance the frequency and scale of golden tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jingchi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jintao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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24
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Cannon SE, Donner SD, Fenner D, Beger M. The relationship between macroalgae taxa and human disturbance on central Pacific coral reefs. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:161-173. [PMID: 31590773 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and human disturbance threatens coral reefs across the Pacific, yet there is little consensus on what characterizes a "healthy" reef. Benthic cover, particularly low coral cover and high macroalgae cover, are often used as an indicator of reef degradation, despite uncertainty about the typical algal community compositions associated with either near-pristine or damaged reefs. In this study, we examine differences in coral and algal community compositions and their response to human disturbance and past heat stress, by analysing 25 sites along a gradient of human disturbance in Majuro and Arno Atolls of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Our results show that total macroalgae cover indicators of reef degradation may mask the influence of local human disturbance, with different taxa responding to disturbance differently. Identifying macroalgae to a lower taxonomic level (e.g. the genus level) is critical for a more accurate measure of Pacific coral reef health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Cannon
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Simon D Donner
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | | | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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25
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Vadiveloo A, Nwoba EG, Moheimani NR. Viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultures for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:132-144. [PMID: 31133258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent (ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study. Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH4+ with a biomass productivity of (0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of (10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH4+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE (up to 525 mg/L NH4+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH4+ and biomass productivity of (0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems (attached and non-attached) evaluated, microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail:
| | - Emeka Godfrey Nwoba
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail:
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail: ; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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26
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Oviatt CA, Huizenga K, Rogers CS, Miller WJ. What nutrient sources support anomalous growth and the recent sargassum mass stranding on Caribbean beaches? A review. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:517-525. [PMID: 31590819 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 2011, tropical beaches from Africa to Brazil, Central America, and the Caribbean have been inundated by tons of sargassum seaweed from a new equatorial source of pelagic sargassum in the Atlantic. In recent years the extraordinary accumulations of sargassum make this a nuisance algal bloom for tropical coasts. In 2018 satellite data indicated floating mats of sargassum that extended throughout the Caribbean to the northeast coast of Brazil with the highest percent coverage over the water yet recorded. A literature review suggests that Atlantic equatorial recirculation of seaweed mats combined with nutrients from several possible sources may be stimulating the growth and accumulations of sargassum. In the western equatorial recirculation area, new nutrient sources may include Amazon River floods and hurricanes; in the eastern equatorial recirculation area, nutrient sources that could sustain the sargassum blooms include coastal upwelling and Congo River freshwater and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace A Oviatt
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02892, United States of America.
| | - Kristin Huizenga
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02892, United States of America.
| | | | - W Jeff Miller
- US National Park Service, St John, U.S. Virgin Islands.
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27
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Kim GY, Seo YH, Kim I, Han JI. Co-production of biodiesel and alginate from Laminaria japonica. Sci Total Environ 2019; 673:750-755. [PMID: 31003102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A process to produce both biodiesel and alginate in an integrated manner from a brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica, was established. Mannitol, a major carbon constituent in L. japonica, served to produce neutral lipids via the heterotrophic cultivation of an oleaginous yeast, Cryptococcus sp.; and simultaneously alginate, a high value product, was extracted to enhance the economic feasibility of the entire process. Only autoclave pretreatment, without need of any chemical agents, was enough to recover all the essential nutrients for the yeast cultivation. Specifically, it could recover 6.4 g L-1 of mannitol to a degree comparable to 6.6 g L-1 obtained by acid-aided pretreatment using 1.5% (v/v) of H2SO4. Maximum fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) content was 30.37% with FAME productivity of 0.56 g L-1 d-1, and the produced FAME could meet the biodiesel quality standards. Na2CO3-based method showed the best efficiency of alginate recovery, yielding 21.06% (w/w). This study supports that L. japonica can indeed be a promising low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production, and it is more so when a high-value product alginate is co-produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Seo
- Agency for Defense Development, 462 Jochiwon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zheng M, Lin J, Zhou S, Zhong J, Li Y, Xu N. Salinity mediates the effects of nitrogen enrichment on the growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical composition of Ulva prolifera. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19982-19990. [PMID: 31093915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To study the combined effects of multiple nitrogen (N) sources and salinity on the growth and physiology on macroalgae, we cultured Ulva prolifera under three N levels (N0, 0.1235 mg L-1; N1, 0.6 mg L-1; and N2, 4.4 mg L-1; the ratios were 18:74:8 for NH4-N, NO3-N, and NO2-N, respectively) and three salinity conditions (15, 25, and 35). Then, the growth, pigment content, photosynthetic performance, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and contents of soluble protein and carbohydrates were measured. The results showed the following: (1) Compared to that grown at salinity 25, the growth of U. prolifera decreased under salinity 35, especially under the N0 and N2 levels, but there were no significant effects of salinity 15 under any of the N levels. (2) There were no significant effects of salinity on the chlorophyll a (Chla) content, but compared to the content at salinity 25, the chlorophyll b (Chlb) content was enhanced by salinity 15 and 35; lower ratio values between Chla and carotenoids (Car) occurred under the salinity 25 treatment. Under each salinity condition, the pigments were enhanced by a high N level. (3) A relatively higher salinity level decreased the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate, while a higher N level increased this value. Compared to the rate at salinity 25, the dark respiration rate (Rd) significantly increased at salinity 15 under the N0 condition. (4) SOD activity was enhanced by a high N level, but no significant effects of salinity were observed. (5) The carbohydrate content was enhanced at salinity 35 under the N0 and N1 levels, and under salinity 15, this value increased with increasing N levels. In conclusion, although the growth of U. prolifera decreased at high N levels under high salinity conditions, a high N level induced an increase in photosynthesis, while no significant decrease in growth occurred. These findings indicate that low salinity and high N levels may be nonnegligible reasons why this species thrives, and low salinity was the better choice when this species was used for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Zheng
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shidan Zhou
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiali Zhong
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yahe Li
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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29
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Epstein G, Hawkins SJ, Smale DA. Identifying niche and fitness dissimilarities in invaded marine macroalgal canopies within the context of contemporary coexistence theory. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8816. [PMID: 31217462 PMCID: PMC6584561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary coexistence theory provides a framework for predicting invasiveness and impact of Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) by incorporating differences in niche and fitness between INNS and co-occurring native species. The widespread invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida is considered a high-risk INNS, although a robust evidence base regarding its invasiveness and impact is lacking in many regions. Invaded macroalgal canopies at nine coastal sites in the southwest UK were studied over three years to discern whether Undaria is coexisting or competing with native canopy-forming species across different habitat types. Spatial, temporal and depth-related trends in species distributions and abundance were recorded within intertidal and subtidal rocky reef as well as on marina pontoons. A primary succession experiment also examined competitive interactions between species. In rocky reef habitats, Undaria had lower fitness compared to long-lived native perennials, but was able to coexist due to niche dissimilarity between species. In contrast, Undaria was likely to be competing with short-lived native annuals on rocky reef due to large niche overlap and similar fitness. In marina habitats, Undaria dominated over all other canopy formers due to low niche diversification and higher fitness. Generalisations on INNS impact cannot be made across habitats or species, without considering many abiotic factors and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Epstein
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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30
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Wang W, Xu Y, Chen T, Xing L, Xu K, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C. Regulatory mechanisms underlying the maintenance of homeostasis in Pyropia haitanensis under hypersaline stress conditions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:168-179. [PMID: 30690352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae are highly resistant to hypersaline stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the mechanism behind Pyropia haitanensis responses to two hypersaline stress conditions [100‰ (HSS_100) and 110‰ (HSS_110)] was investigated via analyses of physiological and transcriptomic changes. We observed that the differences between the responses of Py. haitanensis to HSS_100 and HSS_110 conditions involved the following three aspects: osmotic regulation, ionic homeostasis, and adjustment to secondary stresses. First, the water retention of Py. haitanensis was maintained through increased expansin production under HSS_100 conditions, while cell wall pectin needed to be protected from hydrolysis via the increased abundance of a pectin methylesterase inhibitor under HSS_110 conditions. Meanwhile, Py. haitanensis achieved stable and rapid osmotic adjustments because of the coordinated accumulation of inorganic ions (K+, Na+, and Cl-) and organic osmolytes (glycine betaine and trehalose) under HSS_100 conditions, but not under HSS_110 conditions. Second, Py. haitanensis maintained a higher K+/Na+ ratio under HSS_100 conditions than under HSS_110 conditions, mainly via the export of Na+ into the apoplast rather than compartmentalizing it into the vacuoles, and the enhanced uptake and retention of K+. However, K+/Na+ homeostasis was not completely disrupted during a short-term exposure to HSS_110 conditions. Finally, the Py. haitanensis antioxidant system scavenged more ROS and synthesized more heat shock proteins under HSS_100 conditions than under HSS_110 conditions, although thalli may have been able to maintain a certain redox balance during a short-term exposure to HSS_110 conditions. These differences may explain why Py. haitanensis can adapt to HSS_100 conditions rather than HSS_110 conditions, and also why the thalli exposed to HSS_110 conditions can recover after being transferred to normal seawater. Thus, the data presented herein may elucidate the mechanisms enabling Pyropia species to tolerate the sudden and periodic changes in salinity typical of intertidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - TianXiang Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dehua Ji
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chaotian Xie
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen 361021, China.
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31
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Fu M, Fan S, Wang Z, Song W, Sun K, Han H, Xiao J, Shen S. Buoyancy potential of dominant green macroalgal species in the Yellow Sea's green tides, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 140:301-307. [PMID: 30803648 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale green tides caused by Ulva prolifera, occurred for 12 consecutive years in the Yellow Sea of China. To resolve the abrupt shift in species composition between attached and floating macroalgal assemblages, field experiments were conducted from May to July 2017 to quantify the net buoyancy force and compare the floating potential of the common green macroalgae from the red algal seaweed Pyropia yezoensis rafts. At the same time, U. prolifera from different sampling locations were tested to study variable buoyancy of this species and the associated influencing factors. Our results illustrated a stronger positive buoyant force and a proportionally greater buoyancy capacity of U. prolifera, compared to the other co-occurring species. Buoyancy is a dynamic trait and is closely correlated with light intensity, morphology and physiological status. The positive buoyancy of U. prolifera is an important factor that helps explain its predominance in the Yellow Sea's large-scale green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Kaiming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songdong Shen
- Life Science School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Burnett NP, Koehl MAR. Mechanical properties of the wave-swept kelp Egregia menziesii change with season, growth rate and herbivore wounds. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb190595. [PMID: 30679240 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.190595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of macroalgae to damage by hydrodynamic forces depends on the mechanical properties of their tissues. Although factors such as water-flow environment, algal growth rate and damage by herbivores have been shown to influence various material properties of macroalgal tissues, the interplay of these factors as they change seasonally and affect algal mechanical performance has not been worked out. We used the perennial kelp Egregia menziesii to study how the material properties of the rachis supporting a frond changed seasonally over a 2 year period, and how those changes correlated with seasonal patterns of the environment, growth rate and herbivore load. Rachis tissue became stiffer, stronger and less extensible with age (distance from the meristem). Thus, slowly growing rachises were stiffer, stronger and tougher than rapidly growing ones. Growth rates were highest in spring and summer when upwelling and long periods of daylight occurred. Therefore, rachis tissue was most resistant to damage in the winter, when waves were large as a result of seasonal storms. Herbivory was greatest during summer, when rachis growth rates were high. Unlike other macroalgae, E. menziesii did not respond to herbivore damage by increasing rachis tissue strength, but rather by growing in width so that the cross-sectional area of the wounded rachis was increased. The relative timing of environmental factors that affect growth rates (e.g. upwelling supply of nutrients, daylight duration) and of those that can damage macroalgae (e.g. winter storms, summer herbivore outbreaks) can influence the material properties and thus the mechanical performance of macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Burnett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M A R Koehl
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Kotta J, Vanhatalo J, Jänes H, Orav-Kotta H, Rugiu L, Jormalainen V, Bobsien I, Viitasalo M, Virtanen E, Sandman AN, Isaeus M, Leidenberger S, Jonsson PR, Johannesson K. Integrating experimental and distribution data to predict future species patterns. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1821. [PMID: 30755688 PMCID: PMC6372580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive species distribution models are mostly based on statistical dependence between environmental and distributional data and therefore may fail to account for physiological limits and biological interactions that are fundamental when modelling species distributions under future climate conditions. Here, we developed a state-of-the-art method integrating biological theory with survey and experimental data in a way that allows us to explicitly model both physical tolerance limits of species and inherent natural variability in regional conditions and thereby improve the reliability of species distribution predictions under future climate conditions. By using a macroalga-herbivore association (Fucus vesiculosus - Idotea balthica) as a case study, we illustrated how salinity reduction and temperature increase under future climate conditions may significantly reduce the occurrence and biomass of these important coastal species. Moreover, we showed that the reduction of herbivore occurrence is linked to reduction of their host macroalgae. Spatial predictive modelling and experimental biology have been traditionally seen as separate fields but stronger interlinkages between these disciplines can improve species distribution projections under climate change. Experiments enable qualitative prior knowledge to be defined and identify cause-effect relationships, and thereby better foresee alterations in ecosystem structure and functioning under future climate conditions that are not necessarily seen in projections based on non-causal statistical relationships alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jarno Vanhatalo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holger Jänes
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618, Tallinn, Estonia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Melbourne, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Helen Orav-Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Luca Rugiu
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ivo Bobsien
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Elina Virtanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Martin Isaeus
- AquaBiota Water Research, Löjtnantsgatan 25, SE-11550, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Leidenberger
- Ecological Modelling Group, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-54128, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, SE-45296, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, SE-45296, Strömstad, Sweden
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Layton C, Shelamoff V, Cameron MJ, Tatsumi M, Wright JT, Johnson CR. Resilience and stability of kelp forests: The importance of patch dynamics and environment-engineer feedbacks. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210220. [PMID: 30682047 PMCID: PMC6347235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat forming 'ecosystem engineers' such as kelp species create complex habitats that support biodiverse and productive communities. Studies of the resilience and stability of ecosystem engineers have typically focussed on the role of external factors such as disturbance. However, their population dynamics are also likely to be influenced by internal processes, such that the environmental modifications caused by engineer species feedback to affect their own demography (e.g. recruitment, survivorship). In numerous regions globally, kelp forests are declining and experiencing reductions in patch size and kelp density. To explore how resilience and stability of kelp habitats is influenced by this habitat degradation, we created an array of patch reefs of various sizes and supporting adult Ecklonia radiata kelp transplanted at different densities. This enabled testing of how sub-canopy abiotic conditions change with reductions in patch size and adult kelp density, and how this influenced demographic processes of microscopic and macroscopic juvenile kelp. We found that ecosystem engineering by adult E. radiata modified the environment to reduce sub-canopy water flow, sedimentation, and irradiance. However, the capacity of adult kelp canopy to engineer abiotic change was dependent on patch size, and to a lesser extent, kelp density. Reductions in patch size and kelp density also impaired the recruitment, growth and survivorship of microscopic and macroscopic juvenile E. radiata, and even after the provisioning of established juveniles, demographic processes were impaired in the absence of sufficient adult kelp. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ecosystem engineering by adult E. radiata facilitates development of juvenile conspecifics. Habitat degradation seems to impair the ability of E. radiata to engineer abiotic change, causing breakdown of positive intraspecific feedback and collapse of demographic functions, and overall, leading to reductions in ecosystem stability and resilience well before local extirpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayne Layton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Victor Shelamoff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Cameron
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Masayuki Tatsumi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T. Wright
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Liu S, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Deng Y, Chen Q, Zhao C, Cui L, Huang X. Macroalgae bloom decay decreases the sediment organic carbon sequestration potential in tropical seagrass meadows of the South China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 138:598-603. [PMID: 30660311 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are experiencing worldwide declines mainly because of nutrient enrichment, which always result in macroalgae bloom and consequently periodic collapse and decomposition. However, effects of macroalgae decay on the sediment organic carbon (SOC) sequestration capacity remain unknown. Depending on the macroalgae biomass in eutrophic seagrass meadows of South China Sea, we carried out a laboratory chamber experiment to investigate the sediment labile organic carbon (OC) compositions and the influencing SOC transformation enzyme activity variations of seagrass meadows in response to common macroalgae bloom species (Cladophora spp.) decomposition. Although the dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities were not affected by macroalgae decomposition, the macroalgae decomposition significantly elevated the salt-extractable carbon (SEC) content, SEC/SOC, levels of invertase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and the CO2 release. Overall, this study indicates that macroalgae decomposition stimulates the SOC transformation, and therefore, it is not benefit for SOC sequestration within seagrass meadows of the South China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yiqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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White L, Donohue I, Emmerson MC, O'Connor NE. Combined effects of warming and nutrients on marine communities are moderated by predators and vary across functional groups. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:5853-5866. [PMID: 30246490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Warming, nutrient enrichment and biodiversity modification are among the most pervasive components of human-induced global environmental change. We know little about their cumulative effects on ecosystems; however, even though this knowledge is fundamental to predicting and managing their consequences in a changing world. Here, we show that shifts in predator species composition can moderate both the individual and combined effects of warming and nutrient enrichment in marine systems. However, all three aspects of global change also acted independently to alter different functional groups in our flow-through marine rock-pool mesocosms. Specifically, warming reduced macroalgal biomass and assemblage productivity, whereas enrichment led to increased abundance of meso-invertebrate consumers, and loss of predator species led to increased gastropod grazer biomass. This disparity in responses, both across trophic levels (macroalgae and intermediate consumers), and between detecting additive effects on aggregate measures of ecosystem functioning, yet interactive effects on community composition, illustrates that our forecasting ability depends strongly on the level of ecological complexity incorporated within global change experiments. We conclude that biodiversity change-and loss of predator species in particular-plays a critical and overarching role in determining how ecological communities respond to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia White
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark C Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Clark JS, Poore AGB, Doblin MA. Shaping up for stress: Physiological flexibility is key to survivorship in a habitat-forming macroalga. J Plant Physiol 2018; 231:346-355. [PMID: 30388674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organisms from all domains of life can have highly variable morphologies, with this plasticity suggested to increase fitness and survivability under stressful conditions. Predicting how organisms will adapt to environmental change requires an understanding of how variable morphologies perform under environmental stress. Morphological plasticity has been documented within marine macroalgae inhabiting environmental gradients, however the functional consequences of this variation has been rarely tested. In this study, form-function was assessed in the habitat-forming, intertidal macroalga Hormosira banksii. Morphological variation was quantified on two spatial scales (tidal gradient versus latitudinal gradient) and the performance tested (relative water content and photosynthetic efficiency) of morphological variants during heat and desiccation stress. At regional scales, individuals at the warm distributional edge were overall smaller in size, and had smaller vesicles (higher surface area to volume ratio; SA:VOL) than those from central populations. At local scales, individuals high on the shore were generally shorter and had larger vesicles than those low on the shore. Vesicle morphology (SA:VOL) was found to predict relative water content and photosynthetic performance during desiccation and rehydration. Differences in SA:VOL of vesicles between heights on the shore may reflect water requirements needed to maintain tissue hydration for photosynthesis during low tide. Warm-edge populations showed increased thermal sensitivity as indicated by decreased photosynthetic yield of PSII and delays in recovery after desiccation. Sensitivities to higher temperatures amongst warm-edge populations are potentially due to smaller fluctuations in regional temperatures as well as their morphology. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the morphological variation among H. banksii populations. It suggests that H. banksii has a high degree of morphological plasticity reflecting local climate, topography and environmental conditions, with this morphological variation having functional consequences. Morphological variation across local and regional scales will be important for resilience of this species to future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Clark
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
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Bond T, Partridge JC, Taylor MD, Cooper TF, McLean DL. The influence of depth and a subsea pipeline on fish assemblages and commercially fished species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207703. [PMID: 30475853 PMCID: PMC6257935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of marine ecosystems that grow and reside on and around subsea oil and gas infrastructure is required to understand impacts of this offshore industry on the marine environment and inform decommissioning decisions. This study used baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) to compare species richness, fish abundance and size along 42.3 km of subsea pipeline and in adjacent areas of varying habitats. The pipeline is laid in an onshore-offshore direction enabling surveys to encompass a range of depths from 9 m nearshore out to 140 m depth offshore. Surveys off the pipeline were performed across this depth range and in an array of natural habitats (sand, macroalgae, coral reef) between 1 km and 40 km distance from the pipeline. A total of 14,953 fish were observed comprising 240 species (131 on the pipeline and 225 off-pipeline) and 59 families (39 on the pipeline and 56 off-pipeline) and the length of 8,610 fish were measured. The fish assemblage on and off the pipeline was similar in depths of <80 m. In depths beyond 80 m, the predominant habitat off-pipeline was sand and differences between fish assemblages on and off-pipeline were more pronounced. The pipeline was characterised by higher biomass and abundances of larger-bodied, commercially important species such as: Pristipomoides multidens (goldband snapper), Lutjanus malabaricus (saddletail snapper) and Lutjanus russellii (Moses' snapper) among others, and possessed a catch value 2-3 times higher per stereo-BRUV deployment than that of fish observed off-pipeline. Adjacent natural seabed habitats possessed higher abundances of Atule mate (yellowtail scad), Nemipterus spp. (threadfin bream) and Terapon jarbua (crescent grunter), species of no or low commercial value. This is the first published study to use stereo-BRUVs to report on the importance of subsea infrastructure to commercially important fishes over a depth gradient and increases our knowledge of the fish assemblage associated with subsea infrastructure off north-west Australia. These results provide a greater understanding of ecological and fisheries implications of decommissioning subsea infrastructure on the north-west shelf, and will help better inform decision-making on the fate of infrastructure at different depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bond
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Julian C. Partridge
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tim F. Cooper
- BHP, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne L. McLean
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Losi V, Sbrocca C, Gatti G, Semprucci F, Rocchi M, Bianchi CN, Balsamo M. Sessile macrobenthos (Ochrophyta) drives seasonal change of meiofaunal community structure on temperate rocky reefs. Mar Environ Res 2018; 142:295-305. [PMID: 30409384 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the soft bottom meiofauna, meiofauna associated to hard substrata is poorly studied, despite its ecological relevance. Since communities of hard substrata are usually characterized by species with different life cycles and strategies from those of soft bottom assemblages, information on hard substrata meiofauna is still needed. In this study, sessile macrobenthos and the associated meiofaunal assemblages of two sites of Portofino (NW Mediterranean) were investigated in two seasons at three different depths on both sub-vertical and inclined reefs. The study aimed to assess the abundance, diversity and composition of the meiofauna and the factors structuring its assemblages. Moreover, as meiofauna is known to be dependent upon the substrate characteristics, the study investigated whether the meiofaunal patterns could be related to the sessile macrobenthos structure and composition, and to which extent. Macroalgae dominated the sessile macrobenthic assemblages, while Nematoda and Copepoda were the main meiofaunal groups. Meiofaunal higher-taxa richness and diversity resulted very high, due to the large number of different microhabitats offered by macroalgae. Macrobenthic assemblages were dominated by Rodophyta and Ochrophyta in summer, the latter dramatically collapsing in winter. The meiofaunal abundance and composition changed significantly with the season, consistently with the sessile macrobenthic assemblages, and resulted strongly correlated with Ochrophyta. Shaping the meiofaunal assemblages, macroalgae appeared to act as ecosystem engineer for the meiofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Losi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - C Sbrocca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - G Gatti
- Mediterranean Institute of Marine and Continental Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), CNRS, Station Marine D'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - F Semprucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - M Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C N Bianchi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Balsamo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Freeman SE, Freeman LA, Giorli G, Haas AF. Photosynthesis by marine algae produces sound, contributing to the daytime soundscape on coral reefs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201766. [PMID: 30281593 PMCID: PMC6169855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed that marine macroalgae produce sound during photosynthesis. The resultant soundscapes correlate with benthic macroalgal cover across shallow Hawaiian coral reefs during the day, despite the presence of other biological noise. Likely ubiquitous but previously overlooked, this source of ambient biological noise in the coastal ocean is driven by local supersaturation of oxygen near the surface of macroalgal filaments, and the resultant formation and release of oxygen-containing bubbles into the water column. During release, relaxation of the bubble to a spherical shape creates a monopole sound source that ‘rings’ at the Minnaert frequency. Many such bubbles create a large, distributed sound source over the sea floor. Reef soundscapes contain vast quantities of biological information, making passive acoustic ecosystem evaluation a tantalizing prospect if the sources are known. Our observations introduce the possibility of a general, volumetrically integrative, noninvasive, rapid and remote technique for evaluating algal abundance and rates of primary productivity in littoral aquatic communities. Increased algal cover is one of the strongest indicators for coral reef ecosystem stress. Visually determining variations in algal abundance is a time-consuming and expensive process. This technique could therefore provide a valuable tool for ecosystem management but also for industrial monitoring of primary production, such as in algae-based biofuel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E. Freeman
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, United States of America
- Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Lauren A. Freeman
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, United States of America
| | - Giacomo Giorli
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric research, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andreas F. Haas
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands
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41
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García-Seoane R, Aboal JR, Boquete MT, Fernández JA. Biomonitoring coastal environments with transplanted macroalgae: A methodological review. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:988-999. [PMID: 30301124 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of macroalgae transplants is a recent technique used in pollution biomonitoring studies in marine ecosystems. Only 60 articles published between 1978 and 2017 reported the use of this environmental tool for the active biomonitoring of inorganic pollutants and nutrients worldwide. In this review paper, we evaluated studies on this topic in relation to the development of methodological aspects of the technique and the degree of standardization of the protocols used. On the basis of findings of this review, we conclude that the technique is not yet standardized and that uniformisation of protocols is required to enable comparison of the results of different studies. We propose a new protocol for applying the technique, in which each suggestion has been carefully and rigorously compared with the relevant findings reported in the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Seoane
- Ecology Unit, Dept. Functional Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Fac. Biología, Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15702, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - J R Aboal
- Ecology Unit, Dept. Functional Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Fac. Biología, Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15702, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M T Boquete
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 25, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla 41092, Spain; Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - J A Fernández
- Ecology Unit, Dept. Functional Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Fac. Biología, Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15702, A Coruña, Spain
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Garcia-Jimenez P, Montero-Fernández M, Robaina RR. Analysis of ethylene-induced gene regulation during carposporogenesis in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata (Rhodophyta). J Phycol 2018; 54:681-689. [PMID: 29981263 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene favors carposporogenesis in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Analyses of cystocarp development in vitro in thalli treated with ethylene suggest an interconnection between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways. Yet, little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying carposporogenesis. Here, we used droplet digital PCR to analyze genes encoding enzymes related to polyamine (Spermidine [Spd] synthase) and ethylene (ACC synthase) synthesis; a pivotal compound of both pathways (S-adenosyl methionine synthase, SAMS); the gene that encodes amine oxidase, which is involved in polyamine degradation, and a candidate gene involved in seaweed reproduction (ornithine decarboxylase, ODC). In addition, we analyzed genes encoding proteins related to stress and reactive oxygen species, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), cytochrome P450 and WD 40. We characterized gene expression in fertilized and fertile thalli from G. imbricata that were exposed to ethylene for 15 min at two time points after treatment (1 and 7 d). The differential gene expression of SAMS, Spd synthase, ACC synthase, and cytochrome P450 was related to disclosure and development of cystocarps in fertilized thalli that transitioned from having no visible cystocarps at 1 d to developing cystocarps at 7 d. Likewise, cytochrome P450 was associated with cystocarp disclosure and maturation. In addition, amine oxidase and APX were involved in fine-tuning polyamine and reactive oxygen species during carposporogenesis, respectively, whereas WD 40 did so in relation to ethylene signaling. Expression of the candidate gene ODC was increased when cystocarps were not visible (fertilized thalli, 1d), as previously described. This analysis suggests developmental stage-specific roles for these genes during carposporogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia-Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Montserrat Montero-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael R Robaina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Cruz ICS, Waters LG, Kikuchi RKP, Leão ZMAN, Turra A. Marginal coral reefs show high susceptibility to phase shift. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:551-561. [PMID: 30301073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phase shift, resulting from coral reef degradation, has been frequently recorded on reefs in optimal conditions, while marginal reefs were considered more resistant due to few records. Noting the lack of marginal reef phase shift studies, we quantitatively assessed their geographic extent in the Southwest Atlantic. Using metadata and a calculated phase shift index, we identified phase shifts from corals to both zoanthid and macroalgal dominance. Positive correlations existed between phase shift and local human impacts for zoanthids: proximity to human populations >100,000 inhabitants, urbanized surfaces and dredged ports and a negative relationship to the endurance of SST >1 °C above normal. Macroalgal shifts positively correlated to ports and urbanized surfaces, higher latitudes and shore proximity, indicating a possible link to nutrient runoff. The high frequency of these phase shifts suggests greater degradation than reported for Caribbean reefs, suggesting that marginal reefs do not have higher natural resistance to human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C S Cruz
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Linda G Waters
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruy K P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Zelinda M A N Leão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, Butantã, Instituo Oceanográfico, Sala 112, 055080-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Briggs CJ, Adam TC, Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ. Macroalgae size refuge from herbivory promotes alternative stable states on coral reefs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202273. [PMID: 30226879 PMCID: PMC6143192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef systems can undergo rapid transitions from coral-dominated to macroalgae-dominated states following disturbances, and models indicate that these may sometimes represent shifts between alternative stable states. While several mechanisms may lead to alternate stable states on coral reefs, only a few have been investigated theoretically. We explore a model that illustrates that reduced vulnerability of macroalgae to herbivory as macroalgae grow and mature could be an important mechanism: when macroalgae are palatable to herbivores as juveniles, but resistant as adults, coral-dominated and algae-dominated states are bistable across a wide range of parameter space. We compare two approaches to global sensitivity analysis to rank the relative importance of the model parameters in determining the presence and magnitude of alternative stable states, and find that the two most influential parameters are the death rate of coral and the rate of maturation of algae out of the vulnerable stage. The Random Forest approach for global sensitivity analysis, recently adopted by ecologists, provides a more efficient method for ranking the relative importance of parameters than a variance-based approach that has been used frequently by computer scientists and engineers. Our results suggest that managing reefs to reduce chronic stressors that cause coral mortality and/or enhance the growth rates of algae can help prevent reefs from becoming locked in a macroalgae-dominated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J. Briggs
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas C. Adam
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Sally J. Holbrook
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Russell J. Schmitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
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Raven JA. The potential effect of low cell osmolarity on cell function through decreased concentration of enzyme substrates. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:4667-4673. [PMID: 29992331 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some freshwater algae have lower (<130 osmol m-3) intracellular osmolarities than most others (>180 osmol m-3). Low osmolarities are related to the presence of flagella and the low energy cost of active water efflux following downhill water influx unconstrained by cell walls covering the plasmalemma, and the low resource cost of cell wall synthesis with the same mechanical degree of safety. One consequence of low intracellular osmolarity is limitation on the concentration of metabolites, that is, substrates and products of enzyme activity. Models of the flux through metabolic pathways, and hence the specific growth rate, using steady-state concentrations of enzymes and metabolites have involved organisms with intracellular metabolite osmolarities >280 osmol m-3, where the metabolite concentrations are much greater than the total osmolarity of some freshwater algae. Since the protein concentration (mol m-3) in the cells and the specific growth rates of freshwater cells with low and with higher intracellular osmolarity are highly similar, the models of trade-offs between enzyme and metabolite concentrations for cells with high intracellular osmolarity need modification for cells with low intracellular osmolarity. The soluble free-radical scavenger ascorbate can constitute as little as 0.2% of the low intracellular metabolite concentration (mol m-3) of low-intracellular-osmolarity cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
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Pagès JF, Smith TM, Tomas F, Sanmartí N, Boada J, De Bari H, Pérez M, Romero J, Arthur R, Alcoverro T. Contrasting effects of ocean warming on different components of plant-herbivore interactions. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 134:55-65. [PMID: 29074253 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing uncertainty of how marine ecosystems will respond to rising temperatures. While studies have focused on the impacts of warming on individual species, knowledge of how species interactions are likely to respond is scant. The strength of even simple two-species interactions is influenced by several interacting mechanisms, each potentially changing with temperature. We used controlled experiments to assess how plant-herbivore interactions respond to temperature for three structural dominant macrophytes in the Mediterranean and their principal sea urchin herbivore. Increasing temperature differentially influenced plant-specific growth, sea urchin growth and metabolism, consumption rates and herbivore preferences, but not movement behaviour. Evaluating these empirical observations against conceptual models of plant-herbivore performance, it appears likely that while the strength of herbivory may increase for the tested macroalga, for the two dominant seagrasses, the interaction strength may remain relatively unchanged or even weaken as temperatures rise. These results show a clear set of winners and losers in the warming Mediterranean as the complex factors driving species interactions change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi F Pagès
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, United Kingdom.
| | - Timothy M Smith
- Deakin University, Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Australia; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc, 14, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, OR, United States
| | - Neus Sanmartí
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Boada
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc, 14, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Harriet De Bari
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc, 14, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Romero
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rohan Arthur
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc, 14, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain; Oceans and Coasts Program, Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc, 14, Blanes, Catalunya, Spain; Oceans and Coasts Program, Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
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Bittick SJ, Sutula M, Fong P. A tale of two algal blooms: Negative and predictable effects of two common bloom-forming macroalgae on seagrass and epiphytes. Mar Environ Res 2018; 140:1-9. [PMID: 29807625 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests macroalgal blooms may play a role in the worldwide decline in seagrass, but the shape of the functional relationship between seagrass health and dominant bloom-forming macroalgae is poorly characterized. We tested whether the impact of varying abundances of two cosmopolitan bloom-forming macroalgal genera caused linear/quasi-linear or sudden threshold changes in measures of eelgrass, Zostera marina, meadow health. We conducted two caging experiments in a shallow Z. marina bed (∼1 m depth) in Bodega Harbor, California, USA where we maintained six densities within the range of natural abundances of macroalgae, Ulva (0-4.0 kg m-2) and Gracilariopsis (0-2.0 kg m-2), as well as uncaged controls over a 10-week period. Shoot density, blade growth, and epiphyte load were measured every two weeks and algal treatments reset. We did not find support for threshold transitions between algal abundance and measures of seagrass bed health using sigmoidal and broken-stick regression analyses for each data set; these models are commonly used to identify threshold patterns in ecological shifts. Instead, final measurements of shoot density and epiphyte load were best modelled as linear or slightly non-linear declines with increasing Ulva abundance. A negative linear relationship also existed between shoot density and Gracilariopsis abundance and a trend towards linear negative effects on epiphyte load. The similar shape of these functional relationships across different types of algae suggests the relationship may be generalizable. At algal abundances that are commonly observed, we found smooth and predictable negative impacts to Z. marina by decline in shoot density and potential impacts to food webs by loss of epiphytes rather than sudden threshold shifts or "ecological surprises". Our work contrasts with the growing body of literature suggesting highly non-linear shifts in response to human impact; thus, it is important to broaden understanding of shifts to more than just pattern but to the processes that drive different patterns of shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Joy Bittick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
| | - M Sutula
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - P Fong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Pereda-Briones L, Tomas F, Terrados J. Field transplantation of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) seedlings: Effects of invasive algae and nutrients. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 134:160-165. [PMID: 28964500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings are a key life stage in seagrasses, providing genetic diversity and being a useful tool for restoration. We examined the influence of increased sediment nutrients and the presence of the invasive macroalga Caulerpa cylindracea on the success of in situ transplanting Posidonia oceanica seedlings in a six-month experiment. Our results indicate that one-year old seedlings successfully survive in the field and their survival and growth are positively affected by the presence of C. cylindracea. Furthermore, nutrient addition in the sediment had positive effects on both C. cylindracea (increasing its cover) and seedlings (increasing leaf development), and the increased C. cylindracea cover did not result in detrimental effects on seedlings. Therefore, biological invasions and nutrient addition do not reinforce each other in the short term to negatively impact transplanted seedlings, which highlights facilitative interactions between invasive algae and native seagrass and provides useful information for successful strategies of seagrass restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pereda-Briones
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - F Tomas
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - J Terrados
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
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49
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Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barreiro R, Cremades J, Arenas F. Seaweed assemblages under a climate change scenario: Functional responses to temperature of eight intertidal seaweeds match recent abundance shifts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12978. [PMID: 30154576 PMCID: PMC6113303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Field evidence is essential to assess the consequences of climate change but a solid causal link often requires additional information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, the functional response to temperature may also help to discriminate species potentially more vulnerable to warming. Using a highly resolved temperature gradient, we examined the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration in eight intertidal seaweeds that recently followed opposite abundance trends in NW Iberia. The temperature dependence of photosynthesis was consistently different between the macroalgae that increased and those that decreased their abundance in the last decade and a half, with photosynthesis twice more sensitive in the upward group. Unlike photosynthesis, the temperature dependence of respiration was unrelated to the abundance trend group, implying that the net metabolic scaling with temperature varied between the two groups of seaweeds. Overall, our results provide experimental support to the role of temperate as a likely driver of the changes in abundance recorded by field-monitoring studies. They also suggest that the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration assessed in short-term experiments may serve as a biomarker of the potential vulnerability of some seaweed to the consequences of water warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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50
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Fowles AE, Edgar GJ, Hill N, Stuart-Smith RD, Kirkpatrick JB. An experimental assessment of impacts of pollution sources on sessile biota in a temperate urbanised estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 133:209-217. [PMID: 30041308 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Populations of macro-algae and sessile invertebrates have precipitously declined in urbanised coastal waters in Australia since European occupation. Responses of healthy subtidal sessile assemblages to cumulative impacts and types of urban impacts were measured in one of the most polluted estuaries in Australia - the Derwent Estuary - by transplanting sessile communities established on pavers to locations adjacent to marinas, sewerage outfalls, fish farm cages, and stormwater discharges, each with associated controls. Reef communities translocated to sites adjacent to central urban pollution sources (within 5 km of Hobart) lost canopy-forming algae. Fish farms, marinas, and storm water drains were all characterised by higher filamentous algal cover than their controls. Marinas were associated with losses in canopy and foliose algae. Restoration of subtidal reef near highly urbanised areas is unlikely to be successful until current pollution levels are dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Fowles
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Nicole Hill
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Jamie B Kirkpatrick
- Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 78, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
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