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Garieri T, Allen DG, Gao W, Liao B. A review of emerging membrane-based microalgal-bacterial processes for wastewater treatment: Process configurations, biological and membrane performance, and perspectives. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172141. [PMID: 38580119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial (MB) consortia create an excellent eco-system for simultaneous COD/BOD and nutrients (N and P) removals in a single step with significant reduction in or complete elimination of aeration and carbonation in the biological wastewater treatment processes. The integration of membrane separation technology with the MB processes has created a new paradigm for research and development. This paper focuses on a comprehensive and critical literature review of recent advances in these emerging processes. Novel membrane process configurations and process conditions affecting the biological performance of these novel systems have been systematically reviewed and discussed. Membrane fouling issues and control of MB biofilm formation and thickness associated with these emerging suspended growth or immobilized biofilm processes are addressed and discussed. The research gaps, challenges, outlooks of these emerging processes are identified and discussed in-depth. The findings from the literature suggest that the membrane-based MB processes are advanced biotechnologies with a significant reduction in energy consumption and process simplification and high process efficiency that are not achievable with current technologies in wastewater treatment. There are endless opportunities for research and development of these novel and emerging membrane-based MB processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teralyn Garieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - D Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Wa Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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2
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Singh DV, Singh RP. Competence of algal consortia under municipal wastewater: remediation efficiency, photosynthetic performance, antioxidant defense mechanisms and biofuel production. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:466. [PMID: 38647712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing monoalgal species for wastewater treatment is facing tremendous challenges owing to changing wastewater complexity in terms of physico-chemical characteristic, nutrient and metal concentration. The environmental conditions are also fluctuating therefore, the formation of robust system is of utmost importance for concomitant sustainable wastewater treatment and bioenergy production. In the present study, the tolerance and adaptability potential of algal consortia-1 (Chlorococcum humicola and Tetradesmus sp.) and consortia-2 (Chlorococcum humicola, Scenedesmus vacuolatus and Tetradesmus sp.) treated with municipal wastewater were examined under natural environmental conditions. The results exhibited that consortia-2 was more competent in recovering nitrate-nitrogen (82.92%), phosphorus (70.47%), and heavy metals (31-73.70%) from municipal wastewater (100%) than consortia-1. The results further depicted that total chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and protein content decreased significantly in wastewater-treated consortia-1 as compared to consortia-2. However, lipid content was increased by 4.01 and 1.17 folds in algal consortia-1 and consortia-2 compared to their respective controls. Moreover, absorption peak at 1740.6 cm-1 reflected higher biofuel-producing potential of consortia-1 as compared to consortia-2 as confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy. The results also revealed that consortia-2 showed the highest photosynthetic performance which was evident from the increment in the active photosystem-II reaction center (1.724 ± 0.068), quantum efficiency (0.633 ± 0.038), and performance index (3.752 ± 0.356). Further, a significant increase in photosynthetic parameters was observed in selected consortia at lag phase, while a noteworthy decline was observed at exponential and stationary phases in consortia-1 than consortia-2. The results also showed the maximum enhancement in ascorbic acid (2.43 folds), proline (3.34 folds), and cysteine (1.29 folds) in consortia-2, while SOD (1.75 folds), catalase (2.64 folds), and GR (1.19 folds) activity in consortia-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to remarkable flexibility and photosynthetic performance, consortia-2 could serve as a potential candidate for sustainable nutrient resource recovery and wastewater treatment, while consortia-1 for bio-fuel production in a natural environment. Thus, formation of algal consortia as the robust biosystem tolerates diverse environmental fluctuations together with wastewater complexity and ultimately can serve appropriate approach for environmental-friendly wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dig Vijay Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rana Pratap Singh
- Centre for Sustinable Agriculture and Environment, Professor HS Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society, Lucknow, India.
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3
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Wang J, Tian Q, Zhou H, Kang J, Yu X, Qiu G, Shen L. Physiological regulation of microalgae under cadmium stress and response mechanisms of time-series analysis using metabolomics. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170278. [PMID: 38262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of heavy metal wastewater treatment utilizing microalgae adsorption has been extensively demonstrated. However, the response mechanism based on metabolomics to analyze the time-series changes of microalgae under Cd stress has not been described in detail. In this study, SEM/TEM demonstrated that Cd accumulated on the cell surface of microalgae and was bioconcentrated in the cytoplasm, vesicles, and chloroplasts. Carbonyl/quinone/ketone/carboxyl groups (OCO), membrane polysaccharides (OH), and phospholipids (PO) were involved in the interaction of Cd ions, and the chlorophyll content underwent a process of decreasing in the early stage (1.62 mg/g at 48 h) and recovering to the normal level in the late stage, and the contents of MDA, GSH, and SOD were all increased (29.7 nmol/g, 0.23 mg/g, and 30.01 u/106 cells) and then gradually returned to the steady state. The results of EPS content and fluorescent labeling showed that Cd induced the overexpression and synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins, which is one of the defense mechanisms participating in the reduction of cellular damage by complexed Cd. Metabolomics results indicated that the malate synthesis pathway was activated after Cd-20 h, and the microalgal cells began to shift the metabolic pathway to storage lipid or polysaccharide biosynthesis. In the Calvin cycle, the expression of D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate in Cd-20 h_vs_ck and Cd-72 h_vs_Cd-20 h firstly declined and then increased, and the photosynthesis system was suppressed at the beginning, and then gradually returned to normal to maintain the successful development of the dark reaction. The results of time series analysis revealed that the response of microalgae to Cd was categorized into fast response and slow response to regulate cell adsorption and growth metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Qinghua Tian
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jue Kang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Wieser W, Assaf AA, Le Gouic B, Dechandol E, Herve L, Louineau T, Dib OH, Gonçalves O, Titica M, Couzinet-Mossion A, Wielgosz-Collin G, Bittel M, Thouand G. Development and Application of an Automated Raman Sensor for Bioprocess Monitoring: From the Laboratory to an Algae Production Platform. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9746. [PMID: 38139592 PMCID: PMC10747176 DOI: 10.3390/s23249746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae provide valuable bio-components with economic and environmental benefits. The monitoring of microalgal production is mostly performed using different sensors and analytical methods that, although very powerful, are limited to qualified users. This study proposes an automated Raman spectroscopy-based sensor for the online monitoring of microalgal production. For this purpose, an in situ system with a sampling station was made of a light-tight optical chamber connected to a Raman probe. Microalgal cultures were routed to this chamber by pipes connected to pumps and valves controlled and programmed by a computer. The developed approach was evaluated on Parachlorella kessleri under different culture conditions at a laboratory and an industrial algal platform. As a result, more than 4000 Raman spectra were generated and analysed by statistical methods. These spectra reflected the physiological state of the cells and demonstrate the ability of the developed sensor to monitor the physiology of microalgal cells and their intracellular molecules of interest in a complex production environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiviane Wieser
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
- Tronico-Alcen, 26 rue du Bocage, F-85660 Saint-Philbert-De-Bouaine, France;
| | - Antony Ali Assaf
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Benjamin Le Gouic
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Dechandol
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Laura Herve
- Nantes Université, Plateforme Algosolis, UMS CNRS 3722, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (B.L.G.); (E.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Thomas Louineau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Omar Hussein Dib
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (O.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mariana Titica
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-44600 St Nazaire, France; (O.G.); (M.T.)
| | | | | | - Marine Bittel
- Tronico-Alcen, 26 rue du Bocage, F-85660 Saint-Philbert-De-Bouaine, France;
| | - Gerald Thouand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, F-85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France; (W.W.); (T.L.); (O.H.D.); (G.T.)
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5
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Bai Y, Ji B. Advances in responses of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis to emerging pollutants in wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:40. [PMID: 38071273 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging pollutants are widely used and exist in wastewater, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, nanoparticle and microplastic. As a green alternative for wastewater treatment, microalgal-bacterial symbiosis has been aware of owning multiple merits of low energy consumption and little greenhouse gas emission. Thus, the responses of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis to emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment have become a hotspot in recent years. In this review paper, the removal performance of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis on organics, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater containing emerging pollutants has been summarized. The adaptation mechanisms of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis to emerging pollutants have been analyzed. It is found that antibiotics usually have hormesis effects on microalgal-bacterial symbiosis, and that microalgal-bacterial symbiosis appears to show more capacity to remove tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, rather than oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin. Generally, microalgal-bacterial symbiosis can adapt to heavy metals at a concentration of less than 1 mg/L, but its capabilities to remove contaminants can be significantly affected at 10 mg/L heavy metals. Further research should focus on the influence of mixed emerging pollutants on microalgal-bacterial symbiosis, and the feasibility of using selected emerging pollutants (e.g., antibiotics) as a carbon source for microalgal-bacterial symbiosis should also be explored. This review is expected to deepen our understandings on emerging pollutants removal from wastewater by microalgal-bacterial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Su Y, Gao L, Peng L, Diao X, Lin S, Bao R, Mehmood T. Heterogeneous aggregation between microplastics and microalgae: May provide new insights for microplastics removal. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 261:106638. [PMID: 37517318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies have shown that microplastics (MPs) as artificial surfaces can be colonized by plankton microorganisms. However, systematic research on exploring the aggregation formation process of MPs and microalgae is still lacking and particularly the influencing factors of aggregation remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the heterogeneous aggregation process between various microalgal species (i.e., Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Tetraselmis subcordiformis, Chaetoceros müelleri and Streptococcus westermani) and MPs (i.e., mPS and mPLA) with different sizes (i.e., 74 μm and 613 μm), concentrations (i.e., 0.1 g/L, 1 g/L and 2 g/L) and shapes (i.e., the particle and sheet). The results showed that microalgae can first attach to the holes or protrusions of MPs and highly accumulate in the local region, and then multi-layer aggregation can be formed subsequently. The aggregation degree between MPs and microalgae was closely related to the MPs shape and size, and was less related to the MPs concentration. The aggregation speed of small-sized MPs (e.g., 74 μm) was faster than the large-sized ones (e.g., 613 μm). The MPs in a shape of sheet were more obvious than those in particle on their aggregation with microalgae. The density of aggregates was increased compared with pristine MPs, which is related to the cell density and cell number of attached microalgae. For the same type of MPs, the aggregation degree for the tested microalgae was as follows: Scenedesmus obliquus > C. vulgaris > T. subcordiformis > C. müelleri > S. westermani. Meanwhile, MPs inhibited cell growth of microalgae, particularly under the circumstance of their aggregation, by limiting the gas and mass transfer between microalgal cells and the extracellular environment. The heterogeneous aggregation of MPs and microalgae may provide new ideas for treatment and controlling of MPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Rossi S, Carecci D, Ficara E. Thermal response analysis and compilation of cardinal temperatures for 424 strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, diatoms and other species. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162275. [PMID: 36801411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and other phototrophic microorganisms can be cultivated to produce food and valuable bioproducts, also allowing to remove nutrients from wastewater and CO2 from biogas or polluted gas streams. Among other environmental and physico-chemical parameters, microalgal productivity is strongly influenced by the cultivation temperature. In this review, cardinal temperatures identifying the thermal response, i.e., the optimal growth condition (TOPT), and the lower and upper limits for microalgae cultivation (TMIN and TMAX), have been included in a structured and harmonized database. Literature data for 424 strains belonging to 148 genera of green algae, cyanobacteria, diatoms, and other phototrophs were tabulated and analysed, with a focus on the most relevant genera that are currently cultivated at the industrial scale in Europe. The dataset creation aimed at facilitating the comparison of different strain performances for different operational temperatures and assisting in the process of thermal and biological modelling, to reduce energy consumption and biomass production costs. A case study was presented, to illustrate the effect of temperature control on the energetic expenditure for cultivating different Chorella sp. strains under a greenhouse located in different European sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Section, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - D Carecci
- Politecnico di Milano, DEIB - Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Section, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Téllez AAC, Sánchez-Fortún S, Sánchez-Fortún A, García-Pérez ME, Chacon-Garcia L, Bartolomé MC. Prediction of the impact induced by Cd in binary interactions with other divalent metals on wild-type and Cd-resistant strains of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:22555-22565. [PMID: 34791630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The metals present in freshwater have a toxic profile with bioaccumulation and are biomagnified along the aquatic food chain. The metals induce high sensitivity in most aquatic organisms, while others, such as some microalgae species, evolve towards resistance. Therefore, this research predicted through the Combination Index method the binary interaction exposed to divalent metals by inhibiting population growth in a Cd-resistant strain (DcRCd100) compared to the wild-type strain (Dc1Mwt) of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and evaluate the specific resistance level obtained by DcRCd100 to Cd relative to other divalent metals.The results showed that DcRCd100 presents resistance compared to Dc1Mwt in individual exposure in the order of Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Hg2+ with 50% inhibitory concentration at 72 h of exposure (IC50(72)) values 1253, 644.4, 423, 162.7, 141.3, 35.1, and 9.9 µM, respectively. It induces cross-resistance with high antagonistic rates (Combination Index (CI); CI > > 1) in the Cd/Zn and Cd/Cu. Cd/Ni, its initial response, is antagonistic, and it ends in an additive (CI = 1). DcRCd100 showed a lower resistance in Co, and Cd/Fe resistance was reduced individually. The interaction with Hg increased its resistance ten times more than individually.This research highlights the use of the CI as a highly efficient prediction method of the binary metal interactions in wild-type and Cd-resistant strains of D. chlorelloides. It may have the potential for metal accumulation, allowing the development of new methods of bioremediation of metals in effluents, and to monitor the concentration of metals in wastewater, its relative availability, transport, and mechanisms on resistant strains of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra A Cortés Téllez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Sánchez-Fortún
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Fortún
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martha-Estrella García-Pérez
- Chemical-Biological Sciences Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia (Michoacán), Mexico
| | - Luis Chacon-Garcia
- Chemical-Biological Sciences Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia (Michoacán), Mexico
| | - M Carmen Bartolomé
- Environmental Toxicology LaboratoryFaculty of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia (Michoacán), Mexico.
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Abstract
Magnetic filaments driven by external magnetic field are an interesting topic of research in-terms of the possible bio-medical applications. In this paper, we investigated the applicability of using ferromagnetic filaments as micro swimmers both experimentally and numerically. It was found that applying a pulse wave field profile with a duty cycle of 30[Formula: see text] induced experimentally observable swimming, which is similar to the breast stroke of micro algae. Good agreement with numerical simulations was found. Moreover, for stable continuous swimming, an initial filament shape is required to avoid transition to the structurally preferred non-swimming S-like mode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrejs Cēbers
- MMML lab, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, Riga, 1004, Latvia.
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10
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Mondal D, Prabhune AG, Ramaswamy S, Sharma P. Strong confinement of active microalgae leads to inversion of vortex flow and enhanced mixing. eLife 2021; 10:e67663. [PMID: 34806977 PMCID: PMC8758135 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms swimming through viscous fluids imprint their propulsion mechanisms in the flow fields they generate. Extreme confinement of these swimmers between rigid boundaries often arises in natural and technological contexts, yet measurements of their mechanics in this regime are absent. Here, we show that strongly confining the microalga Chlamydomonas between two parallel plates not only inhibits its motility through contact friction with the walls but also leads, for purely mechanical reasons, to inversion of the surrounding vortex flows. Insights from the experiment lead to a simplified theoretical description of flow fields based on a quasi-2D Brinkman approximation to the Stokes equation rather than the usual method of images. We argue that this vortex flow inversion provides the advantage of enhanced fluid mixing despite higher friction. Overall, our results offer a comprehensive framework for analyzing the collective flows of strongly confined swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Ameya G Prabhune
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Sriram Ramaswamy
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
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11
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du Preez R, Majzoub ME, Thomas T, Panchal SK, Brown L. Nannochloropsis oceanica as a Microalgal Food Intervention in Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:3991. [PMID: 34836248 PMCID: PMC8624018 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microalgal genus Nannochloropsis has broad applicability to produce biofuels, animal feed supplements and other value-added products including proteins, carotenoids and lipids. This study investigated a potential role of N. oceanica in the reversal of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups in a 16-week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (C and H, respectively) for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received 5% freeze-dried N. oceanica in these diets for the final eight weeks (CN and HN, respectively) of the protocol. The H diet was high in fructose and sucrose, together with increased saturated and trans fats. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and left ventricular fibrosis. N. oceanica increased lean mass in CN and HN rats, possibly due to the increased protein intake, and decreased fat mass in HN rats. Intervention with N. oceanica did not change cardiovascular, liver and metabolic parameters or gut structure. The relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria in the gut microbiota was increased. N. oceanica may be an effective functional food against metabolic syndrome as a sustainable protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Marwan E. Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.E.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.K.P.)
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12
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Nam SH, An YJ. Perspectives on microalgae as model organisms toward the standardization of soil algal toxicity test methods. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109144. [PMID: 34302981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When considering test species for soil ecotoxicity, the development of new model organisms is often suggested to increase the reliability of ecological risk assessments. Ubiquitous soil algae could offer potential test species for assessing various soil pollution levels. Currently, there are few reviews offering comprehensive perspectives on stressors-based toxicological studies using microalgae in soil media, with the majority of scholarly attention paid to the toxicological effects of freshwater algae or marine algae in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we focus on current toxicological studies of microalgae assessed in soil-related media and suggest considerations for using microalgae in soil toxicity tests based on 22 publications (1998-2021). In addition, we analyzed characteristics of soil algae based on criteria for selecting test species and suggest that future research should be directed toward the standardization of soil algal toxicity test methods. This review discusses a promising method using soil algae as new test species for soil toxicity assessment as cost-effective and environmentally sound soil quality bioindicators. The review also addresses the lack of understanding behind how soil algae can serve as important test species for soil ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Nam
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ugya AY, Ari HA, Hua X. Microalgae biofilm formation and antioxidant responses to stress induce by Lemna minor L., Chlorella vulgaris, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 221:112468. [PMID: 34198191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study shows how microalgae biofilm formation and antioxidant responses to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is alter by the presences of Lemna minor L., Chlorella vulgaris, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The study involves the cultivation of the biofilm of Chlorella vulgaris and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in three bioreactors. The condition of growth for the biofilm formation was varied across the three bioreactors to enable the dominance Chlorella vulgaris and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in one of the bioreactors. Lemna minor L. was also introduce into one of the bioreactors to determine its effect on the biofilm formation. The result obtained shows that C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae dominate the biofilm, resulting in a high level of H2O2 and O2- (H2O2 was 0.122 ± 0.052 and 0.183 ± 0.108 mmol/L in C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae, respectively, and O2- was 0.261 ± 0.039 and 0.251 ± 0.148 mmol/L in C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae, respectively). The study also revealed that the presence of L. minor L. tend to reduce the oxidative stress to the biofilm leading to low production of ROS (H2O2 was 0.086 ± 0.027 and 0.089 ± 0.045 mmol/L in C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae respectively, and O2- was 0.185 ± 0.044 and 0.161 ± 0.065 mmol/L in C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae respectively). The variation in the ability of the biofilm of C. vulgaris and A. flos-aquae to respond via chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, anthocyanin, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase activities, antioxidant reducing power, phosphomolybdate activity, DPPH reduction activity, H2O2 scavenging activity, lipid content and organic carbon also supports the fact that the presence of biomass of microalgae and aquatic macrophytes tend to affect the process of microalgae biofilm formation and the ability of the biofilm to produce antioxidant. This high nutrient utilization leads to the production of biomass which can be used for biofuel production and other biotechnological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Yunusa Ugya
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Department of Environmental Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Abdullahi Ari
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Faculty of Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Saket P, Kashyap M, Bala K, Joshi A. Microalgae and bio-polymeric adsorbents: an integrative approach giving new directions to wastewater treatment. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 24:536-556. [PMID: 34340616 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1952925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review analyses the account of biological (microalgae) and synthetic (bio-polymeric adsorbents) elements to compass the treatment efficiencies of various water pollutants and mechanisms behind them. While considering pollutant removal, both techniques have their own merits and demerits. Microalgal-based methods have been dominantly used as a biological method for pollutant removal. The main limitations of microalgal methods are capacity, scale, dependence on variables of environment and duration of the process. Biopolymers on the other hand are naturally produced, abundant in nature, environmentally safe and biocompatible with cells and many times biodegradable. Algal immobilization in biopolymers has promoted the reuse of cells for further treatment and protected cells from toxic environment monitoring and controlling the external factors like pH, temperature and salinity can promote the removal process while working with the mentioned technologies. In this review, a mechanistic view of both these techniques along with integrated approaches emphasizing on their loopholes and possibilities of improvement in these techniques is represented. In addition to these, the review also discusses the post-treatment effect on algal cells which are specifically dependent on pollutant type and their concentration. All these insights will aid in developing integrated solutions to improve removal efficiencies in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner.Novelty statement The main objective of this review is to thoroughly understand the role of micro-algal cells and synthetic adsorbents individually as well as their integrative effect in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Many reviews have been published containing information related to either removal mechanism by algae or synthetic adsorbents. While in this review we have discussed the agents, algae and synthetic adsorbents along with their limitations and explained how these limitations can be overcome with the integration of both the moieties together in process of immobilization. We have covered both the analytical and mechanistic parts of these technologies. Along with this, the post-treatment effects on algae have been discussed which can give us a critical understanding of algal response to pollutants and by-products obtained after treatment. This review contains three different sections, their importance and also explained how these technologies can be improved in the future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Saket
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Mrinal Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
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15
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Huang Z, Chen B, Zhang J, Yang C, Wang J, Song F, Li S. Absorption and speciation of arsenic by microalgae under arsenic-copper Co-exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 213:112024. [PMID: 33582410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Combined pollutions of arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are common in water bodies near mines, non-ferrous metal smelting and power plants. This study investigated the effect of Cu(II) on the absorption and speciation of As(V) by microalgae. We compared the absorption and speciation of arsenic by microalgae (mainly Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta) when exposed to single As(V) with that exposed to As-Cu co-exposure in laboratory. The results showed that in the case of single As(V) exposure, the inhibitory effect of As(V) on microalgae was primarily affected by the exposure time, instead of the concentration of As(V) in the water solution. Compared with single As(V) exposure, the presence of Cu(II) under As-Cu co-exposure promoted the absorption and accumulation of As(V) by algae. The combination effect of As and Cu on algae was antagonistic instead of synergistic within the tolerance range of algae to them. In the presence of Cu(II), more monomethylarsonous acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA), which are volatile organic arsenic compounds, were produced in algae compared with the control. The finding that Cu(II) can mediate the absorption and speciation processes of arsenic in algae has significance in possible bioremediation of arsenic pollution in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Huang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Changliang Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fei Song
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shigang Li
- Kunming Environmental Monitoring Centre, Kunming 650228, China
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16
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Ford AK, Visser PM, van Herk MJ, Jongepier E, Bonito V. First insights into the impacts of benthic cyanobacterial mats on fish herbivory functions on a nearshore coral reef. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7147. [PMID: 33785764 PMCID: PMC8009962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) are becoming increasingly common on coral reefs. In Fiji, blooms generally occur in nearshore areas during warm months but some are starting to prevail through cold months. Many fundamental knowledge gaps about BCM proliferation remain, including their composition and how they influence reef processes. This study examined a seasonal BCM bloom occurring in a 17-year-old no-take inshore reef area in Fiji. Surveys quantified the coverage of various BCM-types and estimated the biomass of key herbivorous fish functional groups. Using remote video observations, we compared fish herbivory (bite rates) on substrate covered primarily by BCMs (> 50%) to substrate lacking BCMs (< 10%) and looked for indications of fish (opportunistically) consuming BCMs. Samples of different BCM-types were analysed by microscopy and next-generation amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA). In total, BCMs covered 51 ± 4% (mean ± s.e.m) of the benthos. Herbivorous fish biomass was relatively high (212 ± 36 kg/ha) with good representation across functional groups. Bite rates were significantly reduced on BCM-dominated substratum, and no fish were unambiguously observed consuming BCMs. Seven different BCM-types were identified, with most containing a complex consortium of cyanobacteria. These results provide insight into BCM composition and impacts on inshore Pacific reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Ford
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Petra M Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J van Herk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Jongepier
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Ramos-Romero S, Torrella JR, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL. Edible Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Alterations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020563. [PMID: 33572056 PMCID: PMC7916042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine and freshwater algae and their products are in growing demand worldwide because of their nutritional and functional properties. Microalgae (unicellular algae) will constitute one of the major foods of the future for nutritional and environmental reasons. They are sources of high-quality protein and bioactive molecules with potential application in the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes. They may also contribute decisively to sustainability through carbon dioxide fixation and minimization of agricultural land use. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of consuming edible microalgae on the metabolic alterations known as metabolic syndrome (MS). These microalgae include Chlorella, Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Tetraselmis as well as Isochrysis and Nannochloropsis as candidates for human consumption. Chlorella biomass has shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects in humans and other mammals. The components of microalgae reviewed suggest that they may be effective against MS at two levels: in the early stages, to work against the development of insulin resistance (IR), and later, when pancreatic -cell function is already compromised. The active components at both stages are antioxidant scavengers and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as carotenoids and -3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid; EPA/DHA), prebiotic polysaccharides, phenolics, antihypertensive peptides, several pigments such as phycobilins and phycocyanin, and some vitamins, such as folate. As a source of high-quality protein, including an array of bioactive molecules with potential activity against the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes, microalgae are proposed as excellent foods for the future. Moreover, their incorporation into the human diet would decisively contribute to a more sustainable world because of their roles in carbon dioxide fixation and reducing the use of land for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-556
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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González-Hourcade M, Del Campo EM, Casano LM. The Under-explored Extracellular Proteome of Aero-Terrestrial Microalgae Provides Clues on Different Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance in Non-Model Organisms. Microb Ecol 2021; 81:437-453. [PMID: 32989484 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trebouxia sp. (TR9) and Coccomyxa simplex (Csol) are desiccation-tolerant lichen microalgae with different adaptive strategies in accordance with the prevailing conditions of their habitats. The remodelling of cell wall and extracellular polysaccharides depending on water availability are key elements in the tolerance to desiccation of both microalgae. Currently, there is no information about the extracellular proteins of these algae and other aero-terrestrial microalgae in response to limited water availability. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the proteins associated with the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aero-terrestrial microalgae subjected to cyclic desiccation/rehydration. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analyses of the EPS-associated proteins in the two lichen microalgae submitted to four desiccation/rehydration cycles allowed the compilation of 111 and 121 identified proteins for TR9 and Csol, respectively. Both sets of EPS-associated proteins shared a variety of predicted biological functions but showed a constitutive expression in Csol and partially inducible in TR9. In both algae, the EPS-associated proteins included a number of proteins of unknown functions, some of which could be considered as small intrinsically disordered proteins related with desiccation-tolerant organisms. Differences in the composition and the expression pattern between the studied EPS-associated proteins would be oriented to preserve the biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular structures under the different conditions of water availability in which each alga thrives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva M Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leonardo M Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Lee SA, Lee N, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Stepwise treatment of undiluted raw piggery wastewater, using three microalgal species adapted to high ammonia. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127934. [PMID: 32828055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high ammonia concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in piggery wastewater force it to be diluted before conventional microalgal treatment to reduce ammonia toxicity. Incomplete treatment of ammonia and COD in piggery wastewater may cause eutrophication, resulting in algal blooms. This study tried to treat raw piggery wastewater without dilution, using three strains of microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana, Coelastrella sp. and Acutodesmus nygaardii) that outcompeted other algae under heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and autotrophic conditions, respectively, through adaptive evolution at high ammonia concentration. The three stepwise processes were designed to remove (1) small particles, COD, and phosphorus in the 1st heterotrophic C. sorokiniana cultivation, (2) ammonia and COD in the 2nd mixotrophic Coelastrella sp. cultivation, and (3) the remaining ammonia in the 3rd photoautotrophic A. nygaardii cultivation. To enhance ammonia uptake rate, each algal species were inoculated after 2-day nitrogen starvation. When the N-starved three species were inoculated at each step sequentially at 7 g/L for 2 days, the final phosphorus, COD, and ammonia removal efficiencies were 100% (16.4-0 mg/L), 92% (6820-545 mg/L), 90% (850-81 mg/L) and turbidity (99%) after total 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Nakyeong Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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20
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Wágner DS, Cazzaniga C, Steidl M, Dechesne A, Valverde-Pérez B, Plósz BG. Optimal influent N-to-P ratio for stable microalgal cultivation in water treatment and nutrient recovery. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127939. [PMID: 33182115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species specific nitrogen-to-phosphorus molar ratio (NPR) has been suggested for green microalgae. Algae can store nitrogen and phosphorus, suggesting that the optimum feed concentration dynamically changes as function of the nutrient storage. We assessed the effect of varying influent NPR on microalgal cultivation in terms of microbial community stability, effluent quality and biokinetics. Mixed green microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp.) and a monoculture of Chlorella sp. were cultivated in continuous laboratory-scale reactors treating used water. An innovative image analysis tool, developed in this study, was used to track microbial community changes. Diatoms proliferated as influent NPR decreased, and were outcompeted once cultivation conditions were restored to the optimal NPR range. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in phosphorus removal, biomass concentration and effluent nitrogen concentration. ASM-A kinetic model simulation results agreed well with operational data in the absence of diatoms. The failure to predict operational data in the presence of diatoms suggest differences in microbial activity that can significantly influence nutrient recovery in photobioreactors (PBR). No contamination occurred during Chlorella sp. monoculture cultivation with varying NPRs. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in biomass concentration, effluent nitrogen concentration and nitrogen quota. The ASM-A model was calibrated for the monoculture and the simulations could predict the experimental data in continuous operation using a single parameter subset, suggesting stable biokinetics under the different NPR conditions. Results show that controlling the influent NPR is effective to maintain the algal community composition in PBR, thereby ensuring effective nutrients uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya S Wágner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Clarissa Cazzaniga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Steidl
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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Peter C, Thoms S, Koch F, Sartoris FJ, Bickmeyer U. Effects of sponge-derived Ageladine A on the photosynthesis of different microalgal species and strains. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244095. [PMID: 33382741 PMCID: PMC7774917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent natural compounds have been identified in several marine hosts of microalgae. Their prevalence, and the energy the host is expending on their synthesis, suggests an important, yet poorly understood ecological role. It has been suggested that some of these natural products may enhance the photosynthesis of microbial symbionts. In this study, the effect of Ageladine A (Ag A), a pH-dependent fluorophore found in sponges of the genus Agelas, on the photosynthesis of nine microalgal species and strains was examined. The data showed that the variety of effects of Ag A additions differed between species, and even strains within a species. While in one strain of Synechococcus sp., the presence of Ag A increased gross photosynthesis under UV light exposure, it decreased in another. And while in the chlorophyte T. chuii overall metabolic activity was greatly reduced under all forms of lighting, photosynthesis in T. lutea was positively affected by the addition of Ag A. The variety of effects of Ag A on photosynthesis observed in this study indicate a complex interaction of Ag A with microalgal cells and suggests that a host may be able to shape its own symbiotic microbiome with self-produced natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Peter
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- * E-mail: (CP); (UB)
| | - Silke Thoms
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Florian Koch
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Department 2, University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Sartoris
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- * E-mail: (CP); (UB)
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22
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Llamas M, Magdalena JA, Greses S, Tomás-Pejó E, González-Fernández C. Insights on the microbial communities developed during the anaerobic fermentation of raw and pretreated microalgae biomass. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127942. [PMID: 32835976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered building blocks for bioproducts in the so-called carboxylate platform. These compounds can be sustainably produced via anaerobic fermentation (AF) of organic substrates, such as microalgae. However, SCFAs bioconversion efficiency is hampered by the hard cell wall of some microalgae. In this study, one thermal and two enzymatic pretreatments (carbohydrases and proteases) were employed to enhance Chlorella vulgaris biomass solubilization prior to AF. Pretreated and non-pretreated microalgae were assessed in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for SCFAs production. Aiming to understand microorganisms' roles in AF depending on the employed substrate, not only bioconversion yields into SCFAs were evaluated but microbial communities were thoroughly characterized. Proteins were responsible for the inherent limitation of raw biomass conversion into SCFAs. Indeed, the proteolytic pretreatment resulted in the highest bioconversion (33.4% SCFAs-COD/CODin), displaying a 4-fold enhancement compared with raw biomass. Population dynamics revealed a microbial biodiversity loss along the AF regardless of the applied pretreatment, evidencing that the imposed operational conditions specialized the microbial community. In fact, a reduced abundance in Euryarchaeota phylum explained the low methanogenic activity, implying SCFAs accumulation. The bacterial community developed in the reactors fed with pretreated microalgae exhibited high acidogenic activities, being dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes was by far the dominant phylum when using protease (65% relative abundance) while Bacteroidetes was prevailing in the reactor fed with carbohydrase-pretreated microalgae biomass (40% relative abundance). This fact indicated that the applied pretreatment and macromolecule solubilization have a strong effect on microbial distribution and therefore in SCFAs bioconversion yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Llamas
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Magdalena
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Life evolved in an acoustic world. Sound is perceived in different ways by the species that inhabit the Planet. Among organisms, also some algal species seem to respond to sound stimuli with increased cell growth and productivity. The purpose of this Short Communication is to provide an overview of the current literature about various organisms and sound, with particular attention to algal organisms, which, when subjected to sound applications, can change their metabolism accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frongia
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Arru
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
- CONTACT Laura Arru Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Italy
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24
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Liao Y, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Li M. Exposure of microalgae Euglena gracilis to polystyrene microbeads and cadmium: Perspective from the physiological and transcriptional responses. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 228:105650. [PMID: 33035767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MPs/NPs) are already present as contaminants in the natural environment globally and have been shown to be difficult to degrade, resulting in the potential for ecological damage and public health concerns. However, the adverse effects of exposure to MPs/NPs by aquatic organisms, especially freshwater microalgae, remains unclear. In the present study, the growth, physiology and transcriptome of the freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis were comprehensively analyzed following exposure to 1 mg/L of polystyrene (PS) microbeads (5 μm PS-MPs and 100 nm PS-NPs), 0.5 mg/L cadmium (Cd), or a mixture of PS microbeads and Cd for 96 h. Results showed that the toxicity of PS-MPs to microalgae was greater than PS-NPs, inducing increased growth inhibition, oxidative damage and decreased photosynthesis pigment concentrations. PS-MPs alone or in combination with Cd caused cavitation within microalgal cells, as well as increasing the number and volume of vacuoles. The combined exposure toxicity test showed that a combination of Cd + PS-NPs was more toxic than Cd + PS-MPs, which may be explained by the transcriptomic analysis results. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Cd + PS-NPs group were mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathways, suggesting that algal metabolism was hindered, resulting in aggravation of toxicity. The reduced toxicity induced by Cd + PS-MPs may indicate a response to resist external stress processes. In addition, no adsorption of 0.5 mg/L Cd to 1 mg/L PS microbeads was observed, suggesting that adsorption of MPs/NPs and Cd was not the key factor determining the combined toxicity effects in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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25
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Jamil Z, Naqvi STQ, Rasul S, Hussain SB, Fatima N, Qadir MI, Muhammad SA. Antibacterial activity and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by microalgae. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2497-2504. [PMID: 33867322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using microalgae is novel and cost-effective approach. We studied production, molecular characterization, and antibacterial activity. Filtrates of isolated microalgae strain ZAA1 (MF140241), ZAA2 (MF114592) and ZAA3 (MF114594) were used. Incubation of these strains in 5mM solution of zinc nitrate was resulted in the synthesis of ZnO-NPs. Fourier-transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanoparticles. Significant antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was measured against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii. The microalgae mediated ZnO-NPs production is a successful procedure that can be used in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Jamil
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Sumaira Rasul
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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26
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Ruiz-Ruiz P, Gómez-Borraz TL, Revah S, Morales M. Methanotroph-microalgae co-culture for greenhouse gas mitigation: Effect of initial biomass ratio and methane concentration. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127418. [PMID: 32574848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of different initial biomass ratios in a co-culture of an alkaliphilic methanotrophic bacteria consortium (AMB) and the green microalga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus (GM) on the maximum CH4 specific biodegradation rate and global carbon uptake. The highest maximum specific biodegradation rate was 589 ± 0.01 mgCH4 gbiomass-1 d-1 obtained for a proportion of 3:1 AMB-GM (w w-1) and 8% of initial CH4 in the headspace. The methane degradation rate was 1.5 times lower than the value obtained solely by the AMB consortium, and it was associated with pH increases due to the evolved CO2 consumption by the microalga. Increased activity of the AMB consortium along the experiments was due to progressive adaptation. Massive sequencing revealed the presence of methanotrophic/methylotrophic species such as Methylocystis sp., Methylomicrobium sp., Methylophaga sp., and Hyphomicrobium sp. Successful complete methane and carbon dioxide uptake was obtained with the 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 AMB-GM biomass ratios, while for the rest of the ratios tested, more than 70% of the initial methane was transformed into biomass and inorganic carbon. This study showed that methanotrophic-microalgal co-cultures lead to a promising strategy for greenhouse gases mitigation in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Ruiz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Cd. de México, Mexico
| | - Tania L Gómez-Borraz
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05300, Cd. de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Revah
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05300, Cd. de México, Mexico.
| | - Marcia Morales
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05300, Cd. de México, Mexico.
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Wang S, Wang Y, Liang Y, Cao W, Sun C, Ju P, Zheng L. The interactions between microplastic polyvinyl chloride and marine diatoms: Physiological, morphological, and growth effects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 203:111000. [PMID: 32736119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are identified as a great threat to marine environments. However, knowledge of their impacts on phytoplankton, especially for the diatoms is scarce. Herein, the effects of different polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastic concentrations and contact times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) on the Fv/Fm and cell density of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B255), Chaetoceros gracilis (B13) and Thalassiosira sp. (B280) were investigated to evaluate the toxic effects of microplastics on marine diatoms. The effects of PVC microplastics on the morphology of the diatoms was observed by SEM. The order of sensitivity to 1 μm PVC microplastics among three marine diatoms was B13 > B280 > B255, showing that the toxic effects varied with different microalgae species. Furthermore, the presence of a siliceous cell wall played a minimal role in protecting cells from the physical attack of PVC microplastics, with no significant difference from the common cell wall. PVC microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on three marine diatoms. High PVC concentrations (200 mg/L) reduced the chlorophyll content, inhibited Fv/Fm, and affected the photosynthesis of three marine diatoms. The PVC microplastics adsorbed and caused physical damage on the structure of algal cells. Interactions between PVC microplastics and diatoms may be the probable reason for the negative effects of PVC on diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Peng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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28
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Juarez BA, Garces VG, Cordero-Esquivel B, Spalding GC, O’Donnell KA. Detachment of Dunaliella tertiolecta Microalgae from a Glass Surface by a Near-Infrared Optical Trap. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5656. [PMID: 33023245 PMCID: PMC7582954 DOI: 10.3390/s20195656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the observation of the detachment in situ and in vivo of Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae cells from a glass surface using a 1064 nm wavelength trapping laser beam. The principal bends of both flagella of Dunaliella were seen self-adhered to either the top or bottom coverslip surfaces of a 50 μm thick chamber. When a selected attached Dunaliella was placed in the trapping site, it photoresponded to the laser beam by moving its body and flagellar tips, which eventually resulted in its detachment. The dependence of the time required for detachment on the trapping power was measured. No significant difference was found in the detachment time for cells detached from the top or bottom coverslip, indicating that the induced detachment was not due solely to the optical forces applied to the cells. After detachment, the cells remained within the optical trap. Dunaliella detached from the bottom were seen rotating about their long axis in a counterclockwise direction, while those detached from the top did not rotate. The rotation frequency and the minimal force required to escape from the trap were also measured. The average rotation frequency was found to be independent of the trapping power, and the swimming force of a cell escaping the laser trap ranged from 4 to 10 picoNewtons. Our observations provide insight into the photostimulus produced when a near-infrared trapping beam encounters a Dunaliella. The microalgae frequently absorb more light than they can actually use in photosynthesis, which could cause genetic and molecular changes. Our findings may open new research directions into the study of photomovement in species of Dunaliella and other swimming microorganisms that could eventually help to solve technological problems currently confronting biomass production. In future work, studies of the response to excess light may uncover unrecognized mechanisms of photoprotection and photoacclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Juarez
- División de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (B.A.J.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Veneranda G. Garces
- lPacifica Photonics Consultants, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 99, No.1, Villa San Miguel, El Sauzal, Ensenada C.P. 22768, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Cordero-Esquivel
- División de Oceanologia, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel C. Spalding
- Department of Physics, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA;
| | - Kevin A. O’Donnell
- División de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (B.A.J.); (K.A.O.)
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29
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Moya P, Molins A, Chiva S, Bastida J, Barreno E. Symbiotic microalgal diversity within lichenicolous lichens and crustose hosts on Iberian Peninsula gypsum biocrusts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14060. [PMID: 32820199 PMCID: PMC7441164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the interactions among crustose and lichenicolous lichens growing on gypsum biocrusts. The selected community was composed of Acarospora nodulosa, Acarospora placodiiformis, Diploschistes diacapsis, Rhizocarpon malenconianum and Diplotomma rivas-martinezii. These species represent an optimal system for investigating the strategies used to share phycobionts because Acarospora spp. are parasites of D. diacapsis during their first growth stages, while in mature stages, they can develop independently. R. malenconianum is an obligate lichenicolous lichen on D. diacapsis, and D. rivas-martinezii occurs physically close to D. diacapsis. Microalgal diversity was studied by Sanger sequencing and 454-pyrosequencing of the nrITS region, and the microalgae were characterized ultrastructurally. Mycobionts were studied by performing phylogenetic analyses. Mineralogical and macro- and micro-element patterns were analysed to evaluate their influence on the microalgal pool available in the substrate. The intrathalline coexistence of various microalgal lineages was confirmed in all mycobionts. D. diacapsis was confirmed as an algal donor, and the associated lichenicolous lichens acquired their phycobionts in two ways: maintenance of the hosts' microalgae and algal switching. Fe and Sr were the most abundant microelements in the substrates but no significant relationship was found with the microalgal diversity. The range of associated phycobionts are influenced by thallus morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moya
- Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantzazu Molins
- Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Chiva
- Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Bastida
- Geología, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Barreno
- Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Morelle J, Claquin P, Orvain F. Evidence for better microphytobenthos dynamics in mixed sand/mud zones than in pure sand or mud intertidal flats (Seine estuary, Normandy, France). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237211. [PMID: 32760132 PMCID: PMC7410312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass and photosynthetic performances in intertidal ecosystems will help advance our understanding of how trophic networks function in order to optimize ecological management and restoration projects. The main objective of this study was to investigate microphytobenthic biomass and photosynthetic performances as a function of the sedimentary and environmental variabilities in the range of intertidal habitats in the downstream Seine estuary (Normandy, France). Our results highlight higher biomass associated with more stratified biofilms and better photosynthetic performances in areas characterized by a sand/mud mixture (40–60% of mud) compared to pure sand or pure mud environments. This type of sediment probably offers an efficient trade-off between the favorable characteristics of the two types of sediments (sand and mud) with respect to light penetration and nutrient accessibility. Moreover, the large quantities of exopolysaccharides produced in sand/mud mixtures emphasizes the functional role played by microphytobenthos in promoting sediment stability against erosion. This allows us to show that despite the strong increase in sand content of the downstream Seine estuary, intertidal flats are still productive since microphytobenthic biomass, photosynthetic performances and exopolysaccharides secretion are highest in sand-mud mixtures. This study also underlines the impact of ecosystem modifications due to human disturbance and climate change on the dynamics of key primary producers in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Morelle
- BOREA—Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (FRE CNRS-2030, IRD-207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, UA, UniCaen), Caen, France
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Pascal Claquin
- BOREA—Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (FRE CNRS-2030, IRD-207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, UA, UniCaen), Caen, France
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Francis Orvain
- BOREA—Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (FRE CNRS-2030, IRD-207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, UA, UniCaen), Caen, France
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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31
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Patil PP, Vass I, Kodru S, Szabó M. A multi-parametric screening platform for photosynthetic trait characterization of microalgae and cyanobacteria under inorganic carbon limitation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236188. [PMID: 32701995 PMCID: PMC7377499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are considered as important model organisms to investigate the biology of photosynthesis; moreover, they are valuable sources of biomolecules for several biotechnological applications. Understanding the species-specific traits of photosynthetic electron transport is extremely important, because it contributes to the regulation of ATP/NADPH ratio, which has direct/indirect links to carbon fixation and other metabolic pathways and thus overall growth and biomass production. In the present work, a cuvette-based setup is developed, in which a combination of measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence and NADPH kinetics can be performed without disturbing the physiological status of the sample. The suitability of the system is demonstrated using a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, as well as biofuel-candidate microalgae species, such as Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis limnetica undergoing inorganic carbon (Ci) limitation. Inorganic carbon limitation, induced by photosynthetic Ci uptake under continuous illumination, caused a decrease in the effective quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)) and loss of oxygen-evolving capacity in all species investigated here; these effects were largely recovered by the addition of NaHCO3. Detailed analysis of the dark-light and light-dark transitions of NADPH production/uptake and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics revealed species- and condition-specific responses. These responses indicate that the impact of decreased Calvin-Benson cycle activity on photosynthetic electron transport pathways involving several sections of the electron transport chain (such as electron transfer via the QA-QB-plastoquinone pool, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool) can be analyzed with high sensitivity in a comparative manner. Therefore, the integrated system presented here can be applied for screening for specific traits in several significant species at different stages of inorganic carbon limitation, a condition that strongly impacts primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandeesha Kodru
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Biology PhD School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Oosthuizen JR, Naidoo RK, Rossouw D, Bauer FF. Evolution of mutualistic behaviour between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a synthetic environment. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:357-372. [PMID: 32385605 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeast and microalgae are microorganisms with widely diverging physiological and biotechnological properties. Accordingly, their fields of applications diverge: yeasts are primarily applied in processes related to fermentation, while microalgae are used for the production of high-value metabolites and green technologies such as carbon capture. Heterotrophic-autotrophic systems and synthetic ecology approaches have been proposed as tools to achieve stable combinations of such evolutionarily unrelated species. We describe an entirely novel synthetic ecology-based approach to evolve co-operative behaviour between winery wastewater isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. The data show that biomass production and mutualistic growth improved when co-evolved yeast and microalgae strains were paired together. Combinations of co-evolved strains displayed a range of phenotypes, including differences in amino acid profiles. Taken together, the results demonstrate that biotic selection pressures can lead to improved mutualistic growth phenotypes over relatively short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Oosthuizen
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - R K Naidoo
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Rossouw
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - F F Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Machado MD, Soares EV. Reproductive cycle progression arrest and modification of cell morphology (shape and biovolume) in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exposed to metolachlor. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 222:105449. [PMID: 32109756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metolachlor (MET) is an herbicide widely used and frequently found (at μg L-1) in aquatic systems. This work aimed to study the modes of action of MET on the green microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algae exposed to 115 or 235 μg L-1 MET, for 48 or 72 h, presented a reduction of metabolic activity, chlorophyll a and b content and photosynthetic efficiency. The exposure to 115 or 235 μg L-1 MET also induced growth yield reduction, mean cell biovolume increase and alteration of the typical algae shape (cells lunate or helically twisted) to "French croissant"-type; at these MET concentrations, algal population was mainly composed by multinucleated cells (≥ 4 nuclei), which suggest that MET impairs the normal progression of the reproductive cycle but did not hinder nuclear division. The accumulation of multinucleated cells seems to be the consequence of the incapacity of the parent cell to release the autospores. In conclusion, MET disrupts the physiology of P. subcapitata cells; the disturbance of the progression of the reproductive cycle should be in the origin of growth slowdown (or even its arrest), increase of mean cell biovolume and modification of algal shape. This work contributed to elucidate, in a systematically and integrated way, the toxic mechanism of MET on the non-target organism, the alga P. subcapitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Tan XB, Meng J, Tang Z, Yang LB, Zhang WW. Optimization of algae mixotrophic culture for nutrients recycling and biomass/lipids production in anaerobically digested waste sludge by various organic acids addition. Chemosphere 2020; 244:125509. [PMID: 31812770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobically digested waste sludge contains very high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate that are difficult to be purified using traditional processes. Mixotrophic culture of microalgae is a potential way to achieve ammonium and phosphate removal, while harvesting considerable biomass for biodiesel production. In this study, four typical volatile organic acids that could be potentially produced from sludge fermentation were tested for algal mixotrophic culture in anaerobically digested waste sludge. The results showed that the addition of propionate and isovaleric acid had no significant improvement on biomass production, and even inhibited algal growth at low concentration. Fortunately, the addition of acetic and n-butyric acid (initial C/N = 10) increased biomass production by1.9-2.4 times compared to the blank culture. Higher biomass production increased ammonium and orthophosphate removal to 88.3-97.1% and 80.4-93.0%, respectively. Moreover, the optimal addition of volatile organic acids enhanced lipids production by 3.9-6.3 times, while achieving higher saturation degree in biodiesels. The results suggest that adding these optimal volatile organic acids is suitable to enhance nutrients recycling and algal biodiesel production from anaerobically digested waste sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Tan
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China.
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Shahid A, Malik S, Zhu H, Xu J, Nawaz MZ, Nawaz S, Asraful Alam M, Mehmood MA. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 704:135303. [PMID: 31818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is one of the leading global problems along with the depletion of energy resources and environmental deterioration. Recent industrialization, global mobility, and increasing population have adversely affected the freshwater resources. The wastewater sources are categorized as domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents and their disposal into water bodies poses a harmful impact on human and animal health due to the presence of higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, heavy metals and other organic/inorganic pollutants. Several conventional treatment methods have been employed, but none of those can be termed as a universal method due to their high cost, less efficiency, and non-environment friendly nature. Alternatively, wastewater treatment using microalgae (phycoremediation) offers several advantages over chemical-based treatment methods. Microalgae cultivation using wastewater offers the highest atmospheric carbon fixation rate (1.83 kg CO2/kg of biomass) and fastest biomass productivity (40-50% higher than terrestrial crops) among all terrestrial bio-remediators with concomitant pollutant removal (80-100%). Moreover, the algal biomass may contain high-value metabolites including omega-3-fatty acids, pigments, amino acids, and high sugar content. Hence, after extraction of high-value compounds, residual biomass can be either directly converted to energy through thermochemical transformation or can be used to produce biofuels through biological fermentation or transesterification. This review highlights the recent advances in microalgal biotechnology to establish a biorefinery approach to treat wastewater. The articulation of wastewater treatment facilities with microalgal biorefinery, the use of microalgal consortia, the possible merits, and demerits of phycoremediation are also discussed. The impact of wastewater-derived nutrient stress and its exploitation to modify the algal metabolite content in view of future concerns of cost-benefit ratios of algal biorefineries is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianren Xu
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Computer Science, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Wang Y, Dai J, Liao R, Zhou J, Meng F, Yao Y, Chen H, Tao Y, Ma H. Characterization of physiological states of the suspended marine microalgae using polarized light scattering. Appl Opt 2020; 59:1307-1312. [PMID: 32225388 DOI: 10.1364/ao.377332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physiological states of marine microalgal cells can influence photosynthesis efficiency, which affects approximately half of global carbon fixation. The detection of the algae physiological profiles is important for marine ecology and economy. In this paper, we propose a polarized light-scattering method to detect sensitive changes in the physiological states of the suspended marine microalgal cells. Our experimental setup is designed to measure the scattered polarization parameters of the cells suspended individually in the seawater. Two species of microalgal cells cultured in the laboratory were measured for several days. Experimental results showed that both species display distinctive changes in their polarized photon scattering features corresponding to changes in their physiological states. The changes are far more prominent than those displayed in unpolarized light scattering. Microscopy observations, simulations for microspheres of different diameters and refractive indices, or different shapes, indicated that the polarization features of the scattered photons are sensitive to the submicrometer microstructures of the cells. This study demonstrates the potential of the polarized light-scattering technique to characterize the physiological states of suspended marine microalgae.
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Chae Y, Hong SH, An YJ. Photosynthesis enhancement in four marine microalgal species exposed to expanded polystyrene leachate. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109936. [PMID: 31767460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its widespread use, large amounts of expanded polystyrene (EPS) have been released into the marine environment, where it is broken down into small pieces with large surface areas. As such, chemical additives may be released into the environment, which can affect marine organisms; however, studies of the effects of such additives are lacking. We assessed the effects of leachate from EPS on the photosynthetic activities of four microalgal species (Dunaliella salina, Scenedesmus rubescens, Chlorella saccharophila, and Stichococcus bacillaris). They were exposed to EPS leachate for seven days and their photosynthetic activities were analyzed based on seven parameters. Overall, leachate exposure increased photosynthetic activity in all four species, albeit to different degrees and showing slightly different trends among the seven parameters. Based on chemical analysis, hexabromocyclododecane concentrations were higher in small-fragment leachate, whereas UV326 concentrations were higher in low-concentration-large-sphere leachate; bisphenol-A and total organic carbon showed no major differences among leachates. Thus, we speculate that exposure to trace chemicals influenced microalgal photosynthesis and overall growth. These results support further investigation of the impacts of plastic debris and chemical additives on marine ecosystems and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Guerra V, Rufo J, Rabadan J, Perez-Jimenez R. Effect of moving microalgae on underwater wireless optical links. Appl Opt 2020; 59:515-520. [PMID: 32225328 DOI: 10.1364/ao.379436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Underwater wireless optical communications is a promising technique for addressing short-range data networks, as it provides cost, performance, and complexity improvements as compared with other alternatives, such as acoustic communications or radio frequency links. It is a part of the optical wireless communications research area, since for these applications, broad optical sources such as visible LED lamps can be used. Unless those links are designed for short distances (about 1 m, as in data-muling services on internet-of-things submerged systems), they are still severely affected by channel perturbations, such as scattering due to the presence of particles. This effect is particularly important when considering sensing applications for algae or aquaculture farming, which are becoming a crucial economic resource in many maritime areas. In this work, the effects of moving microalgae on underwater short-range optical links are studied so as to estimate a model for this scattering under dynamic conditions. The statistical parameters over experimentally measured received signal level and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are calculated, and the experimental setup is described. Results show that in clear water (no-algae scenario), the water-pump-induced movement effect over the mean and variance of the received optical power can be neglected, while when microalgae are present, the average optical power value decreases and the variance increases with all measured wavelengths. Finally, the SNR penalty due to the movement of microalgae is statistically evaluated.
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Ghazaei F, Shariati M. Effects of titanium nanoparticles on the photosynthesis, respiration, and physiological parameters in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Protoplasma 2020; 257:75-88. [PMID: 31372761 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology and the upsurge of interest in titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, especially the anatase and rutile crystalline phases, in consumer products such as paint and sunscreen, has polluted the aquatic environment and had adverse effects on living organisms, especially algae. Microalgae help to preserve the aquatic ecosystem. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles on the growth, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll), photosynthesis, and respiration rate of two algae species, Dunaliella salina (at NaCl concentrations of 1.5 and 0.5 M) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (at NaCl concentrations of 0.5 and 0.17 M). Treatment with 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm of TiO2 and nano-TiO2 revealed that nano-TiO2 inhibited the growth and decreased the specific growth rate, chlorophyll, and photosynthesis of both algal species. The rate of decrease was significantly lower at higher concentrations of NaCl in both species; however, the greatest significant difference was observed at lower concentrations of NaCl in the anatase phase. The respiration rate increased for 2 weeks but, especially at lower concentrations of NaCl, the rate of increase declined at higher concentrations after exposure to both substances, especially in the anatase phase. The findings reveal that nano-TiO2 has a toxic effect on Dunaliella algae and its effect depends on the concentration of NaCl. The toxic effect was shown to decrease at higher concentrations of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghazaei
- Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Hezar jarib st, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Shariati
- Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Hezar jarib st, Isfahan, Iran.
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Magdalena JA, González-Fernández C. Microalgae Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for the Carboxylate Platform. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234404. [PMID: 31810301 PMCID: PMC6930456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are chemical building blocks for industries, and are mainly produced via the petrochemical pathway. However, the anaerobic fermentation (AF) process gives a potential alternative to produce these organic acids using renewable resources. For this purpose, waste streams, such as microalgae biomass, might constitute a cost-effective feedstock to obtain VFAs. The present review is intended to summarize the inherent potential of microalgae biomass for VFA production. Different strategies, such as the use of pretreatments to the inoculum and the manipulation of operational conditions (pH, temperature, organic loading rate or hydraulic retention time) to promote VFA production from different microalgae strains, are discussed. Microbial structure analysis using microalgae biomass as a substrate is pointed out in order to further comprehend the roles of bacteria and archaea in the AF process. Finally, VFA applications in different industry fields are reviewed.
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Liu X, Hong Y, He Y, Liu Y. Growth and high-valued products accumulation characteristics of microalgae in saline-alkali leachate from Inner Mongolia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36985-36992. [PMID: 31745799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the growth and high-valued products accumulation characteristics of three common high-valued microalgae (Chlorella sp. HQ, Scenedesmus sp. LX1, and Chlorella vulgaris) in saline-alkali leachate were compared to select the species with greatest utilization potential. The results showed that after 28 days of cultivation, among three microalgae, Chlorella sp. HQ grew best with its maximum density at peak of 1.16 × 107 cells mL-1 and lipid production per unit cell (0.047 ± 0.006 × 10-7 mg cell-1) and lipid content (18.18 ± 3.14%) were largest. The triacylglycerol (TAG) yield and content of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were the highest, reaching 0.005 ± 0.000 × 10-7 mg cell-1 and 19.74 ± 2.53%, respectively, which was slightly higher than those of Chlorella sp. HQ. According to comprehensive comparison, Chlorella sp. HQ was most suitable to grow in the saline-alkali leachate in terms of algal density, lipid yield, and content. The potential comparison and effects of salinity on the high-valued products accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ compared with those in SE standard medium, reclaimed water, and tap water were further carried out. It was found that the density order of Chlorella was saline-alkali leachate > SE medium > reclaimed water > tap water. And the Chlorella density in the leachate with a salinity of 0.14% was greater than the other three salinities (0.32%, 0.45%, and 0.6%) at the end of cultivation. While the maximum lipid yield per unit cell and lipid content of Chlorella occurred in the salinity of 0.6%, which indicated that high salinity promoted the accumulation of lipid. Furthermore, other high-valued products (including starch, protein, total sugar, and photosynthetic pigments) accumulation characteristics were analyzed and found that they were all superior than those in SE medium. And with the salinity decreased, the microalgal protein and starch contents decreased. The contents of photosynthetic pigment and total sugar reached a maximum at salinities of 0.32% and 0.45%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yitian He
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Marks EAN, Montero O, Rad C. The biostimulating effects of viable microalgal cells applied to a calcareous soil: Increases in bacterial biomass, phosphorus scavenging, and precipitation of carbonates. Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:784-790. [PMID: 31539985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae used in wastewater treatment may be applied to soil as a biofertilizer - this is a novel strategy for recycling of nutrients in the circular economy. There is little information about how the application of large concentrations of unicellular algae to soil will affect soil biochemistry, particularly when they are living algal cells with the potential to form a soil biofilm, whereas soil biofilms are expected to influence plant-microbe interactions. Chlorophyte unicellular algae of the Chlorella genera are widely employed in algae-based water treatment systems, and Chlorella sorokiniana has proven to be highly adaptable for this purpose. We applied three filtrates of a Chlorella sorokiniana culture to soil microcosms, separating the microalgae from other microorganisms, as well as a sterile control filtrate without biological activity. Bacterial biomass in soils receiving the non-filtered (NF) slurry with viable algal cells was increased by 25% in the soil surface (0-8mm), and heterotrophic activity in those treatments increased as measured by CO2-C evolution. Total soil carbon concentrations were increased in the treatment with living algal cells (NF) by 0.4%, but no differences in organic carbon were measured; instead, it was found that inorganic carbon (CaCO3) concentrations increased by 0.6% in the NF treatment only. Soil phosphorus availability was also reduced in the surface of the NF treatment, indicating an increased biological demand. The results show that, when applied to soil, microalgae and associated biofilms will have relevant direct and indirect effects on soil quality and nutrients of agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A N Marks
- CT BETA, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain; Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, E.P.S. La Milanera, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Avenida Francisco Vallés 8, E47151 Boecillo, Spain
| | - Carlos Rad
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, E.P.S. La Milanera, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Singh N, Roy K, Goyal A, Moholkar VS. Investigations in ultrasonic enhancement of β-carotene production by isolated microalgal strain Tetradesmus obliquus SGM19. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 58:104697. [PMID: 31450379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae constitute relatively novel source of lipids for biodiesel production. The economy of this process can be enhanced by the recovery of β-carotenes present in the microalgal cells. The present study has addressed matter of enhancement of lipids and β-carotene production by microalgal species of Tetradesmus obliquus SGM19 with the application of sonication. As first step, the growth cycle of Tetradesmus obliquus SGM19 was optimized using statistical experimental design. Optimum parameters influencing microalgal growth were: Sodium nitrate = 1.5 g/L, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid = 0.001 g/L, temperature = 28.5 °C, pH = 7.5, light intensity = 5120 lux, β-carotene yield = 0.67 mg/g DCW. Application of 33 kHz and 1.4 bar ultrasound at 10% duty cycle was revealed to enhance the lipid and β-carotene yields by 34.5% and 31.5%, respectively. Kinetic analysis of substrate and product profiles in control and test experiments revealed both lipid and β-carotene to be growth-associated products. The intracellular NAD(H) content during late log phase was monitored in control and test experiments as a measure of relative kinetics of intracellular metabolism. Consistently higher NAD(H) concentrations were observed for test experiments; indicating faster metabolism. Finally, the viability of ultrasound-exposed microalgal cells (assessed with flow cytometry) was >80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand S Moholkar
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Araújo CVM, Gómez L, Silva DCVR, Pintado-Herrera MG, Lara-Martín PA, Hampel M, Blasco J. Risk of triclosan based on avoidance by the shrimp Palaemon varians in a heterogeneous contamination scenario: How sensitive is this approach? Chemosphere 2019; 235:126-135. [PMID: 31255752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As the exposure of organisms to contaminants can provoke harmful effects, some organisms try to avoid a continuous exposure by using different strategies. The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of the shrimp Palaemon varians to detect a triclosan gradient and escape to less contaminated areas. Two multi-compartmented exposure systems (the linear system and the HeMHAS-Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System) were used and then results were compared. Finally, it was aimed how sensitive the avoidance response is by comparing it with other endpoints through a sensitivity profile by biological groups and the species sensitive distribution. The distribution of the shrimps along the triclosan gradient was dependent on the concentrations, not exceeding 3% for 54 μg/L in the linear system and 7% for 81 μg/L in the HeMHAS; 25% of organisms preferred the compartment with the lowest concentrations in both systems. Half of the population seems to avoid concentrations around 40-50 μg/L. The triclosan concentration that might start (threshold) to trigger an important avoidance (around 20%) was estimated to be of 18 μg/L. The profile of sensitivity to triclosan showed that avoidance by shrimps was less sensitive than microalgae growth and avoidance by guppy; however, it might occur even at concentrations considered safe for more than 95% of the species. In summary, (i) the HeMHAS proved to be a suitable system to simulate heterogeneous contamination scenarios, (ii) triclosan triggered the avoidance response in P. varians, and (iii) the avoidance was very sensitive compared to other ecotoxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Livia Gómez
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Daniel C V R Silva
- Institute of Xingu Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Xie P, Ho SH, Peng J, Xu XJ, Chen C, Zhang ZF, Lee DJ, Ren NQ. Dual purpose microalgae-based biorefinery for treating pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues and biodiesel production. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:253-261. [PMID: 31229822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnologies have emerged with high potential for removal of various organic pollutants, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), from waste streams. In the present study, the removal mechanisms for three typical PPCPs and the lipid performance of Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 were thoroughly investigated. Bisphenol A (BPA) and Tetracycline (TCY) achieved complete removal while only ~20% Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) could be removed, even at low concentrations of 1 mg L-1. The mechanisms of elimination showed variation as only SMX could be removed through biodegradation, while ~68.2% TCY and ~14% BPA were removed by a combination of photolysis and hydrolysis. Analysis revealed three intermediates of SMX biodegradation, two of which exhibited high toxicity. Moreover, the lipid content of Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 increased from 5 to 49.5% with the addition of SMX, TCY and BPA, with lipid quality varying according to the type of PPCPs. In particular, the dominant component (C18:1) abundance was increased by 15.2% at 10 mg L-1 TCY. Overall, these findings provide a baseline for optimization of microalgal biodiesel production coupled with efficient PPCPs treatment biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Xi-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
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46
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You Z, Zhang Q, Peng Z, Miao X. Lipid Droplets Mediate Salt Stress Tolerance in Parachlorella kessleri. Plant Physiol 2019; 181:510-526. [PMID: 31341003 PMCID: PMC6776852 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are known to respond to salinity stress via mechanisms that include accumulation of compatible solutes and synthesis of antioxidants. Here, we describe a salinity-tolerance mechanism mediated by lipid droplets (LDs). In the alga Parachlorella kessleri grown under salt-stress conditions, we observed significant increases in cell size and LD content. LDs that were closely grouped along the plasma membrane shrank as the plasma membrane expanded, and some LDs were engulfed by vacuoles. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes encoding lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) and phospholipase A2 were significantly up-regulated following salt stress. Diacylglycerol kinase and LPLAT were identified in the proteome of salt-induced LDs, alongside vesicle trafficking and plastidial proteins and histone H2B. Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed an enrichment of C18:1 and C18:2 at the expense of C18:3 in response to salt stress. Pulse-chase experiments further suggested that variations of fatty acid composition were associated with LDs. Acetate stimulation research further confirmed a positive role of LDs in cell growth under salt stress. These results suggest that LDs play important roles in salt-stress tolerance, through harboring proteins, participating in cytoplasmic component recycling, and providing materials and enzymes for membrane modification and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhi You
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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47
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Espinosa Ruiz C, Morghese M, Renda G, Gugliandolo C, Esteban MA, Santulli A, Messina CM. Effects of BDE-47 exposure on immune-related parameters of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 215:105266. [PMID: 31401474 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The persistent pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been demonstrated to produce several negative effects on marine organisms. Although Mytilus galloprovincialis was extensively studied as model system, the effects of PBDEs on the innate immune system of mussels remains unclear. In this study, except for the control treatment, specimens of M. galloprovincialis were fed with microalgae treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum level 100 ng L-1 of BDE-47 per day). BDE-47 treatment was maintained for 15 days and then the animals were fed with the same control diet, without contaminants, for 15 days. Samples of haemolymph (HL) were obtained at T0, T15 and T30 days of the experiment to evaluate different parameters related to immunity, such as neutral red retention time, and peroxidase, protease, antiprotease, lysozyme and bactericidal activities. BDE-47 exposure for 15 days affected both the stability of haemocytes and humoral parameters. In addition, the obtained results indicated that, at 30 days, after 15 days of culture without contaminant, the immune parameters were still affected, as some of them did not return to the basal levels, and others remained stimulated. Overall the results indicate that BDE-47 exposures at environmentally realistic levels may affect various aspects of immune function in M. galloprovincialis, acting as stressor that can compromise the general welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Maria Morghese
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Dept. Cell Biology and Histology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Spain
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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48
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Pereira H, Silva J, Santos T, Gangadhar KN, Raposo A, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Gouveia L, Barreira L, Varela J. Nutritional Potential and Toxicological Evaluation of Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 Microalgal Biomass Produced in Industrial Photobioreactors. Molecules 2019; 24:E3192. [PMID: 31484299 PMCID: PMC6749414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial production of microalgal biomass for food and feed is a recent worldwide trend. Although it is common to publish nutritional data for microalgae grown at the lab-scale, data about industrial strains cultivated in an industrial setting are scarce in the literature. Thus, here we present the nutritional composition and a microbiological and toxicological evaluation of Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 biomass, cultivated in 100-m3 photobioreactors at an industrial production facility (AlgaFarm). This microalga contained high amounts of protein (31.2 g/100 g), dietary fibres (24.6 g/100 g), digestible carbohydrates (18.1 g/100 g) and ashes (15.2 g/100 g), but low lipid content (7.04 g/100 g). The biomass displayed a balanced amount of essential amino acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and starch-like polysaccharides. Significant levels of chlorophyll (3.5 g/100 g), carotenoids (0.61 g/100 g), and vitamins (e.g., 79.2 mg ascorbic acid /100 g) were also found in the biomass. Conversely, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, cyanotoxins, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides were absent. The biomass showed moderate antioxidant activity in several in vitro assays. Taken together, as the biomass produced has a balanced biochemical composition of macronutrients and (pro-)vitamins, lacking any toxic contaminants, these results suggest that this strain can be used for nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pereira
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- CMP-Cimentos Maceira e Pataias, ALGAFARM - Unidade de Produção de Microalgas, 2445-411 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Tamára Santos
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raposo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Gouveia
- LNEG-Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P./Bioenergy Unit, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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49
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Warden JG, Coshell L, Rosen MR, Breecker DO, Ruthrof KX, Omelon CR. The importance of groundwater flow to the formation of modern thrombolitic microbialites. Geobiology 2019; 17:536-550. [PMID: 31119865 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern microbialites are often located within groundwater discharge zones, yet the role of groundwater in microbialite accretion has yet to be resolved. To understand relationships between groundwater, microbialites, and associated microbial communities, we quantified and characterized groundwater flow and chemistry in active thrombolitic microbialites in Lake Clifton, Western Australia, and compared these observations to inactive thrombolites and lakebed sediments. Groundwater flows upward through an interconnected network of pores within the microstructure of active thrombolites, discharging directly from thrombolite heads into the lake. This upwelling groundwater is fresher than lake water and is hypothesized to support microbial mat growth by reducing salinity and providing limiting nutrients in an osmotically stressful and oligotrophic habitat. This is in contrast to inactive thrombolites that show no evidence of microbial mat colonization and are infiltrated by hypersaline lake water. Groundwater discharge through active thrombolites contrasts with the surrounding lakebed, where hypersaline lake water flows downward through sandy sediments at very low rates. Based on an appreciation for the role of microorganisms in thrombolite accretion, our findings suggest conditions favorable to thrombolite formation still exist in certain locations of Lake Clifton despite increasing lake water salinity. This study is the first to characterize groundwater flow rates, paths, and chemistry within a microbialite-forming environment and provides new insight into how groundwater can support microbial mats believed to contribute to microbialite formation in modern and ancient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Warden
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Lee Coshell
- Coshell and Associates, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Daniel O Breecker
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Katinka X Ruthrof
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher R Omelon
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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50
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Vadiveloo A, Nwoba EG, Moheimani NR. Viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultures for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:132-144. [PMID: 31133258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent (ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study. Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH4+ with a biomass productivity of (0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of (10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH4+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE (up to 525 mg/L NH4+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH4+ and biomass productivity of (0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems (attached and non-attached) evaluated, microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail:
| | - Emeka Godfrey Nwoba
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail:
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia E-mail: ; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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