1
|
Garieri T, Allen DG, Gao W, Liao B. A review of emerging membrane-based microalgal-bacterial processes for wastewater treatment: Process configurations, biological and membrane performance, and perspectives. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172141. [PMID: 38580119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial (MB) consortia create an excellent eco-system for simultaneous COD/BOD and nutrients (N and P) removals in a single step with significant reduction in or complete elimination of aeration and carbonation in the biological wastewater treatment processes. The integration of membrane separation technology with the MB processes has created a new paradigm for research and development. This paper focuses on a comprehensive and critical literature review of recent advances in these emerging processes. Novel membrane process configurations and process conditions affecting the biological performance of these novel systems have been systematically reviewed and discussed. Membrane fouling issues and control of MB biofilm formation and thickness associated with these emerging suspended growth or immobilized biofilm processes are addressed and discussed. The research gaps, challenges, outlooks of these emerging processes are identified and discussed in-depth. The findings from the literature suggest that the membrane-based MB processes are advanced biotechnologies with a significant reduction in energy consumption and process simplification and high process efficiency that are not achievable with current technologies in wastewater treatment. There are endless opportunities for research and development of these novel and emerging membrane-based MB processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teralyn Garieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - D Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Wa Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dey R, Ortiz Tena F, Wang S, Martin Messmann J, Steinweg C, Thomsen C, Posten C, Leu S, Ullrich MS, Thomsen L. Exploring advanced phycoremediation strategies for resource recovery from secondary wastewater using a large scale photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2024; 391:129986. [PMID: 37931766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system in a greenhouse for continuous secondary wastewater treatment using Desmodesmus sp., a green microalgae strain originally isolated from a German sewage plant. The research spanned both summer and winter seasons, seeking to comprehend key trends and optimization strategies. Maintaining low cell concentrations in the photobioreactor during periods of light inhibition proved advantageous for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling, particularly during periods of high light availability. In comparison to conventional continuous cultivation methods, employing cell recycling and high dilution rates during times of abundant light, alongside using low cell concentrations and dilution rates during light inhibition, resulted in an 80 % and 10 % increase in overall biomass productivity during summer and winter, respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) removal rates exhibited a 23 % improvement during winter, while remaining unchanged in summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dey
- School of Science, Constructor University Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Song Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Leu
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Laurenz Thomsen
- School of Science, Constructor University Bremen, Germany; University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang KX, Vadiveloo A, Zhou JL, Yang L, Chen DZ, Gao F. Integrated culture and harvest systems for improved microalgal biomass production and wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2023; 376:128941. [PMID: 36948428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in wastewater has received much attention as an environmentally sustainable approach. However, commercial application of this technique is challenging due to the low biomass output and high harvesting costs. Recently, integrated culture and harvest systems including microalgae biofilm, membrane photobioreactor, microalgae-fungi co-culture, microalgae-activated sludge co-culture, and microalgae auto-flocculation have been explored for efficiently coupling microalgal biomass production with wastewater purification. In such systems, the cultivation of microalgae and the separation of algal cells from wastewater are performed in the same reactor, enabling microalgae grown in the cultivation system to reach higher concentration, thus greatly improving the efficiency of biomass production and wastewater purification. Additionally, the design of such innovative systems also allows for microalgae cells to be harvested more efficiently. This review summarizes the mechanisms, characteristics, applications, and development trends of the various integrated systems and discusses their potential for broad applications, which worth further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Jin-Long Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao F, Zhou JL, Zhang YR, Vadiveloo A, Chen QG, Liu JZ, Yang Q, Ge YM. Efficient coupling of sulfadiazine removal with microalgae lipid production in a membrane photobioreactor. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137880. [PMID: 36649892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of a coupled system for antibiotic removal and biofuel production through microalgae cultivation. Initial, batch culture experiments demonstrated that sulfadiazine (SDZ) had an inhibitory effect on Chlorella sp. G-9, and 100.0 mg L-1 SDZ completely inhibited its growth. In order to improve SDZ removal efficiency by microalgae, three membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were established for continuous microalgae cultivation. The efficient coupling of SDZ removal and microalgal lipid production was achieved through the gradual increment of influent SDZ concentration from 0 to 100.0 mg L-1. The reduction in SDZ ranged between 57.8 and 89.7%, 54.7-91.7%, and 54.6-93.5% for the MPBRs with HRT of 4 d, 2 d, and 1 d, respectively. Chlorella sp. Was found to tolerate higher concentrations of SDZ in the MPBR system, and the resulting stress from high concentrations of SDZ effectively increased the lipid content of microalgae for potential biodiesel production. With the increase of influent SDZ concentration from 0 to 100.0 mg L-1, the lipid content of microalgae increased by 43.5%. Chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde content of microalgae were also evaluated to explore the mechanism of microalgae tolerance to SDZ stress in MPBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Jin-Long Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhang
- Zhejiang Zhouhuan Environmental Engineering Design Co. LTD, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150, Australia
| | - Qing-Guo Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ya-Ming Ge
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding M, Wang C, Woo Bae S, Yong Ng H. Enhanced nutrient removal and bioenergy production in microalgal photobioreactor following anaerobic membrane bioreactor for decarbonized wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128120. [PMID: 36244603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nutrient removal, decarbonization potentials, and bioenergy production (i.e., algal biomass and biogas) between a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) and a sequencing photobioreactor (SPBR) as the post-treatment process of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment. All photobioreactors without aeration showed favourable performance on AnMBR effluent polishing and bioenergy production. In comparison, MPBRs achieved higher removal efficiencies with 98.4 %-99.1 % NH4-N and 74.8 %-88.4 % PO4-P removal compared to the SPBRs with 41.1 %-82.0 % NH4-N and 39.6 %-72.9 % PO4-P removal. MPBRs enhanced more nutrient utilization (24.9-49.3 g(N)/(m3·d) and 3.4-8.1 g(P)/(m3·d)) and CO2 assimilation (22.9-43.4 g(C)/(m3·d)), and concentrated more microalgae with 1.58-1.98 g/L higher than the SPBRs. Moreover, the MPBR effectively upgraded the biogas from AnMBR with superior methane percentage of 89.4 %-93.4 % due to its better CO2 biofixation. The MPBR, with better carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal and bioenergy production, following AnMBR is an attractive decarbonized technology for future sustainable wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Ding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Chuansheng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Sung Woo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vu MT, Nguyen LN, Mofijur M, Johir MAH, Ngo HH, Mahlia TMI, Nghiem LD. Simultaneous nutrient recovery and algal biomass production from anaerobically digested sludge centrate using a membrane photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2022; 343:126069. [PMID: 34606926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the performance of C. vulgaris microalgae to simultaneously recover nutrients from sludge centrate and produce biomass in a membrane photobioreactor (MPR). Microalgae growth and nutrient removal were evaluated at two different nutrient loading rates (sludge centrate). The results show that C. vulgaris microalgae could thrive in sludge centrate. Nutrient loading has an indiscernible impact on biomass growth and a notable impact on nutrient removal efficiency. Nutrient removal increased as the nutrient loading rate decreased and hydraulic retention time increased. There was no membrane fouling observed in the MPR and the membrane water flux was fully restored by backwashing using only water. However, the membrane permeability varies with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and biomass concentration in the reactor. Longer HRT offers higher permeability. Therefore, it is recommended to operate the MPR system in lower HRT to improve the membrane resistance and energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh T Vu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Hao H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - T M I Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee JC, Park R, Yoo KS, Kim HW. Coupling cold plasma and membrane photobioreactor for enhanced fouling control during livestock excreta treatment. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129031. [PMID: 33261833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To treat high-turbidity livestock excrements (LE), this study suggests a synergistic system coupling cold plasma (CP) and membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). During the continuous operation of the integrated system, physico-chemical oxidation of CP decompose turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) up to 99.9%. The microalgal concentration of Scenedesmus obliquus in the following MPBR reach as high as 1,944 mg D.W./L, which indicates the residual organic and inorganic substances were actively consumed by phototrophic metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis confirms this synergistic relationship of turbidity and TSS with biological growth parameters such as biomass growth, soluble microbial products, and extracellular polymeric substances. Results evidence that the turbidity and TSS are directly connected to the microalgal growth in this integrated system thus the role of CP is crucial to achieving the LE treatment goal. Overall, this study provides a guideline to support the enhanced treatment strategy to control LE with the production of bioresources for sustainable carbon and nutrient cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Division of Civil, Environmental, Materials Resource, and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rumi Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Division of Civil, Environmental, Materials Resource, and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Han River Envrionment Research Center, 42, Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, 12585, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Seon Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeollabuk-do, 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Division of Civil, Environmental, Materials Resource, and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parakh SK, Praveen P, Loh KC, Tong YW. Integrating gravity settler with an algal membrane photobioreactor for in situ biomass concentration and harvesting. Bioresour Technol 2020; 315:123822. [PMID: 32688254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gravity settler was integrated into an algal membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) for in situ biomass concentration and harvesting of Graesiella emersonii. By continuous circulation of suspended biomass between MPBR and settler, biomass was sedimented in the settler and harvested. MPBR-Settler operations at different recirculation rates (0.15-2.4 L/d) and settler volumes (250-1000 mL) affected both suspended (0.4-3.4 g/L) and settled (16.1-31.1 g/L) biomass concentrations. Maximum biomass productivity of 0.26 ± 0.06 g/L/d was achieved in the 1000 mL settler operating at 0.6 L/d recirculation rate, which also yielded 9-131 times concentrated biomass (31.1 g/L) compared to the baseline MPBR (0.2-3.4 g/L). This novel design also facilitated MPBR operation at low solids retention times (6-8 d) without incurring large outflow of unfiltered effluent, while alleviating light limitation via biomass dilution. These results demonstrated that the MPBR-Settler system can provide an excellent way to mitigate light limitation, enhance biomass productivity, and simplify biomass harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kishor Parakh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novoa AF, Fortunato L, Rehman ZU, Leiknes T. Evaluating the effect of hydraulic retention time on fouling development and biomass characteristics in an algal membrane photobioreactor treating a secondary wastewater effluent. Bioresour Technol 2020; 309:123348. [PMID: 32305017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coupling algal biomass growth to wastewater treatment is a promising alternative for the simultaneous removal and recovery of nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the fouling behavior and biomass characteristics of C. Vulgaris in a Membrane Photobioreactor (MPBR), fed with a secondary synthetic wastewater effluent. The changes in the algal cell characteristics and in their metabolic products were assessed at three different HRTs (12 h, 24 h and 36 h). Experimental results showed that higher loading rates led to a broader Particle Size Distribution (PSD) resulting from looser and less stable algal flocs. In contrast, bigger and homogeneously distributed particles observed at lower loading rates, led to a porous layer with lower fouling rates and organic removal. The presence of smaller particles and dissolved organics resulted in a more compact and less porous layer that increased the removal of small-MW organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Felipe Novoa
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
González-Camejo J, Aparicio S, Jiménez-Benítez A, Pachés M, Ruano MV, Borrás L, Barat R, Seco A. Improving membrane photobioreactor performance by reducing light path: operating conditions and key performance indicators. Water Res 2020; 172:115518. [PMID: 31991292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation has been receiving increasing interest in wastewater remediation due to their ability to assimilate nutrients present in wastewater streams. In this respect, cultivating microalgae in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) allows decoupling the solid retention time (SRT) from the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which enables to increase the nutrient load to the photobioreactors (PBRs) while avoiding the wash out of the microalgae biomass. The reduction of the PBR light path from 25 to 10 cm increased the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates, microalgae biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency by 150, 103, 194 and 67%, respectively.The areal biomass productivity (aBP) also increased when the light path was reduced, reflecting the better use of light in the 10-cm MPBR plant. The capital and operating operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) of the 10-cm MPBR plant were also reduced by 27 and 49%, respectively. Discharge limits were met when the 10-cm MPBR plant was operated at SRTs of 3-4.5 d and HRTs of 1.25-1.5 d. At these SRT/HRT ranges, the process could be operated without a high fouling propensity with gross permeate flux (J20) of 15 LMH and specific gas demand (SGDp) between 16 and 20 Nm3air·m-3permeate, which highlights the potential of membrane filtration in MPBRs. When the continuous operation of the MPBR plant was evaluated, an optical density of 680 nm (OD680) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) were found to be good indicators of microalgae cell and algal organic matter (AOM) concentrations, while dissolved oxygen appeared to be directly related to MPBR performance. Nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration and the soluble chemical oxygen demand:volatile suspended solids ratio (sCOD:VSS) were used as indicators of nitrifying bacteria activity and the stress on the culture, respectively. These parameters were inversely related to nitrogen recovery rates and biomass productivity and could thus help to prevent possible culture deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pachés
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Helisch H, Keppler J, Detrell G, Belz S, Ewald R, Fasoulas S, Heyer AG. High density long-term cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12 in a novel microgravity-capable membrane raceway photobioreactor for future bioregenerative life support in SPACE. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2020; 24:91-107. [PMID: 31987484 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid life support systems are of great interest for future far-distant space exploration missions to planetary surfaces, e.g. Mars, planned until 2050. By synergistically combining physicochemical and biotechnological algae-based subsystems, an essential step towards the closure of the carbon loop in environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) shall be accomplished, offering a wide beneficial potential for ECLSS through the utilization of oxygenic photosynthesis: O2 and potential human food can be formed in-situ from CO2 and water. The wild type green alga Chlorella vulgaris strain SAG 211-12 was selected as model microorganism due to its photoautotrophic growth, high biomass yield, cultivation flexibility and long-term cultivation robustness. The current study presents for the first time a stable xenic long-term processing of microalgae in a novel microgravity capable membrane raceway photobioreactor for 188 days with the focus on algal growth kinetics and gas evolution. In particular, culture homogeneity and viability were monitored and evaluated during the whole cultivation process due to their putative crucial impact on long-term functionality and efficiency of a closed cultivation system. Based on a specially designed cyclic batch cultivation process for SAG 211-12, a successive biomass growth up to a maximum of 12.2 g l-1 with a max. global volumetric productivity of 1.3 g l-1 d-1 was reached within the closed loop system. The photosynthetic capacity was assessed to a global molar photosynthetic quotient of 0.31. Furthermore, cultivation parameters for a change from batch to continuous processing at high biomass densities and proliferation rates are introduced. The presented µgPBR miniature plant and the developed high throughput cultivation process are planned to be tested under real space conditions within the PBR@LSR project (microgravity and cosmic radiation) aboard the International Space Station with an operation period of up to 180 days to investigate the impact on long-term system stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Helisch
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jochen Keppler
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gisela Detrell
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Belz
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Ewald
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanos Fasoulas
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
González-Camejo J, Barat R, Aguado D, Ferrer J. Continuous 3-year outdoor operation of a flat-panel membrane photobioreactor to treat effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Water Res 2020; 169:115238. [PMID: 31707179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant was operated continuously for 3 years to evaluate the separate effects of different factors, including: biomass and hydraulic retention times (BRT, HRT), light path (Lp), nitrification rate (NOxR), nutrient loading rates (NLR, PLR) and others. The overall effect of all these parameters which influence MPBR performance had not previously been assessed. The multivariate projection approach chosen for this study provided a good description of the collected data and facilitated their visualisation and interpretation. Forty variables used to control and assess MPBR performance were evaluated during three years of continuous outdoor operation by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PCA identified the photobioreactor (PBR) light path as the factor with the largest influence on data variability. Other important factors were: nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates (NRR, PRR), biomass productivity (BP), optical density of 680 nm (OD680), ammonium and phosphorus effluent concentration (NH4, P), HRT, BRT, air flow rate (Fair) and nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates (NLR and PLR). The MPBR performance could be adequately estimated by a PLS model based on all the recorded variables, but this estimation worsened appreciably when only the controlled variables (Lp, Fair, HRT and BRT) were used as predictors, which underlines the importance of the non-controlled variables on MPBR performance. The microalgae cultivation process could thus only be partially controlled by the design and operating variables. A high nitrification rate was found to be inadvisable, since it showed an inverse correlation with NRR. In this respect, temperature and microalgae biomass concentration appeared to be the main factors to mitigate nitrifying bacteria activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Aguado
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar R, Ghosh AK, Pal P. Synergy of biofuel production with waste remediation along with value-added co-products recovery through microalgae cultivation: A review of membrane-integrated green approach. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134169. [PMID: 31505365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel from renewable resources is critical for the earth's sustainable management and to slow down the global climate change by partial replacement of gasoline and diesel in the transport sector. Being a diverse group of aquatic micro-organisms, algae are the most prominent resources on the planet, distributed in an aquatic system, a potential source of bioenergy, biomass and secondary metabolites. Microalgae-based biofuel production is widely accepted as non-food fuel sources and better choice for achieving goals of incorporation of a clean fuel source into the transportation sector. The present review article provides a comprehensive literature survey as well as a novel approach on the application of microalgae for their simultaneous cultivation and bioremediation of high nutrient containing wastewater. In addition to that, merits and demerits of different existing conventional techniques for microalgae culture reactors, harvesting of algal biomass, oil recovery, use of different catalysts for transesterification reactions and other by-products recovery have been discussed and compared with the membrane-based system to find out the best optimal conditions for higher biomass as well as lipid yield. This article also deals with the use of a tailor-made membrane in an appropriate module that can be used in upstream and downstream processes during algal-based biofuels production. Such membrane-integrated system has the potential of low-cost and eco-friendly separation, purification and concentration enrichment of biodiesel as well as other valuable algal by-products which can bring the high degree of process intensification for scale-up at the industrial stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India.
| | - Alak Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
González-Camejo J, Jiménez-Benítez A, Ruano MV, Robles A, Barat R, Ferrer J. Preliminary data set to assess the performance of an outdoor membrane photobioreactor. Data Brief 2019; 27:104599. [PMID: 31667317 PMCID: PMC6812031 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This data in brief (DIB) article is related to a Research article entitled 'Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment' [1]. Data related to the effect of substrate turbidity, the ammonium concentration at which the culture reaches nitrogen-deplete conditions and the microalgae growth rate under outdoor conditions is provided. Microalgae growth rates under different substrate turbidity were obtained to assess the reduction of the culture's light availability. Lab-scale experiments showed growth rates reductions of 22-44%. Respirometric tests were carried to know the limiting ammonium concentration in this microalgae-based wastewater treatment system. Growth rates (μ) of green microalgae Scenedesmus and Chlorella obtained under outdoor conditions; i.e. 0.40 d-1 (R2 = 0.993) and 0.43 d-1 (R2 = 0.995), respectively, can be useful to obtain optimum operating conditions of membrane photobioreactor (MPBR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Robles
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- Calagua - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González-Camejo J, Jiménez-Benítez A, Ruano MV, Robles A, Barat R, Ferrer J. Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment. J Environ Manage 2019; 245:76-85. [PMID: 31150912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The operation of an outdoor membrane photobioreactor plant which treated the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor was optimised. Biomass retention times of 4.5, 6, and 9 days were tested. At a biomass retention time of 4.5 days, maximum nitrogen recovery rate:light irradiance ratios, photosynthetic efficiencies and carbon biofixations of 51.7 ± 14.3 mg N·mol-1, 4.4 ± 1.6% and 0.50 ± 0.05 kg CO2·m3influent, respectively, were attained. Minimum membrane fouling rates were achieved when operating at the shortest biomass retention time because of the lower solid concentration and the negligible amount of cyanobacteria and protozoa. Hydraulic retention times of 3.5, 2, and 1.5 days were tested at the optimum biomass retention times of 4.5 days under non-nutrient limited conditions, showing no significant differences in the nutrient recovery rates, photosynthetic efficiencies and membrane fouling rates. However, nitrogen recovery rate:light irradiance ratios and photosynthetic efficiency significantly decreased when hydraulic retention time was further shortened to 1 day, probably due to a rise in the substrate turbidity which reduced the light availability in the culture. Optimal carbon biofixations and theoretical energy recoveries from the biomass were obtained at hydraulic retention time of 3.5 days, which accounted for 0.55 ± 0.05 kg CO2·m-3influent and 0.443 ± 0.103 kWh·m-3influent, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Derakhshan Z, Mahvi AH, Ehrampoush MH, Mazloomi SM, Faramarzian M, Dehghani M, Yousefinejad S, Ghaneian MT, Abtahi SM. Studies on influence of process parameters on simultaneous biodegradation of atrazine and nutrients in aquatic environments by a membrane photobioreactor. Environ Res 2019; 161:599-608. [PMID: 29247916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A Lab scale algal-bacterial membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) was designed and operated under 12-h light and 12-h dark conditions with a light intensity of 8000lx, in order to investigate the effects of initial concentrations of atrazine, carbon concentration, and hydraulic retention time on the ability of this photobioreactor in simultaneous removal of atrazine and nutrients in the continuous mode. The removal efficiencies of atrazine (ATZ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (PO43--P) and nitrogen (NOx) in optimum condition was more than 95%, 99%, 98% and 97% when the maximum removal rates were 9.5 × 10-3, 99.231, 11.773 and 7.762mg/L-day, respectively. Results showed that the quality of the effluent was reduced by the increase of atrazine concentration. The outcomes on the hydraulic and toxic shocks indicated that the system has a relatively good resistance to the shocks and can return to the stable conditions. Microalgae showed a great deal of interest and capability in cultivating and attaching to the surface of the membrane and bioreactor, and the total biomass accumulated in the system was greater than 6g/L. The kinetic coefficients of atrazine removal were also studied using various kinetic models. The maximum atrazine removal rate was determined by the modified Stover-Kincannon model. The results approved the ability of the MPBR reactor in wastewater treatment and microalgae cultivation and growth. The decline of atrazine concentration in this system could be attributed to the algal-bacterial symbiosis and co-metabolism process. Accordingly, the MPBR reactor is a practical, simple, economical and therefore suitable process for simultaneous biodegradation of chlorinated organic compounds and nutrients removal from aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Derakhshan
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Larestan, University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faramarzian
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - S Mehran Abtahi
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Praveen P, Loh KC. Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3571-3580. [PMID: 30809712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Graesiella emersonii was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH4+-N concentrations of 4-16 mg/L, with removal rates of 3.03-12.1 mg/L-day. Phosphorus (P) removal in the OMPBR was through biological assimilation as well as membrane rejection, but PO43--P assimilation by microalgae could be improved at higher NH4+-N concentrations. Microalgae biomass composition was affected by N/P ratio in wastewater, and a higher N/P ratio resulted in higher P accumulation in the biomass. The OMPBR accumulated about 0.35 g/L biomass after 12 days of operation under continuous illumination. However, OMPBR operation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle lowered biomass productivity by 60%, which resulted in 20% decrease in NH4+-N removal and nearly threefold increase in PO43--P accumulation in the OMPBR. Prolonged dark phase also affected carbohydrate accumulation in biomass, although its effects on lipid and protein accumulation were negligible. The microalgae also exhibited high tendency to aggregate and settle, which could be attributed to reduction in cell surface charge and enrichment of soluble algal products in the OMPBR. Due to a relatively shorter operating period, membrane biofouling and salt accumulation did not influence the permeate flux significantly. These results improve the understanding of the effects of N/P ratio and light/dark cycle on biomass accumulation and nutrients removal in the OMPBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liao Y, Bokhary A, Maleki E, Liao B. A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes. Bioresour Technol 2018; 264:343-358. [PMID: 29983228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have received much attention in microalgae biorefinery for nutrients removal from wastewater, carbon dioxide abatement from the air as well as the production of value-added products and biofuel in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on membrane fouling issues and its control in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and other algal-related membrane processes (harvesting, dewatering, and biofuel production). The mechanisms of membrane fouling and factors affecting membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are systematically reviewed. Also, strategies to control membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in membrane fouling control in algal-related membrane technologies are identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Esmat Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH. Tilted membrane panel: A new module concept to maximize the impact of air bubbles for membrane fouling control in microalgae harvesting. Bioresour Technol 2017; 241:661-668. [PMID: 28609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae harvesting using membrane technology is challenging because of its high fouling propensity. As an established fouling mitigation technique, efficacy of air bubbles can be improved by maximizing the impact of shear-rates in scouring foulant. In this study, it is achieved by tilting the membrane panel. We investigate the effect of tilting angle, switching period as well as aeration rate during microalgal broth filtration. Results show that higher tilting angles (up to 20°) improve permeability of up to 2.7 times of the vertical panel. In addition, operating a one-sided panel is better than a two-sided panel, in which the later involved switching mode. One-sided membrane panel only require a half of area, yet its performance is comparable with of a large-scale module. This tilted panel can lead to significant membrane cost reductions and eventually improves the competitiveness of membrane technology for microalgae harvesting application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Eliseus
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia; Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia, Institut Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jalan Pemuda No 59A, Mataram, Indonesia.
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Z A Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M D H Wirzal
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
González E, Díaz O, Ruigómez I, de Vera CR, Rodríguez-Gómez LE, Rodríguez-Sevilla J, Vera L. Photosynthetic bacteria-based membrane bioreactor as post-treatment of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent. Bioresour Technol 2017; 239:528-532. [PMID: 28533063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors have attracted increasing interest in the field of wastewater treatment. However, significant amounts of organic matter, nitrogen and sulphide in the effluent may limit its reuse. A photosynthetic bacteria-based membrane bioreactor is proposed for the further treatment of this effluent. A pilot-scale unit was run outdoor for over 900h to assess the process performance at short hydraulic retention time. After an initial biomass development, simultaneous removal of soluble organic matter and nitrogen was achieved (65% and 39%, respectively). In addition, a significant concentration of sulphate was detected in the permeate, revealing an evident sulphide oxidation. Despite the accumulation of biopolymer clusters in the biological suspension, membrane fouling was effectively mitigated by air-aided backwashing, allowing a sustainable operation. Several strains of bacteria were identified including the photoheterotrophic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sp. and the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria Chryseobacterium sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - O Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - I Ruigómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - C R de Vera
- Instituto de Bio-orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - L E Rodríguez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - L Vera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrof. Fco. Sanchez s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Najm Y, Jeong S, Leiknes T. Nutrient utilization and oxygen production by Chlorella vulgaris in a hybrid membrane bioreactor and algal membrane photobioreactor system. Bioresour Technol 2017; 237:64-71. [PMID: 28286010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work studied oxygen production and nutrient utilization by Chlorella vulgaris at different organic/inorganic carbon (OC/IC) and ammonium/nitrate (NH4+-N/NO3--N) ratios to design a hybrid aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) and membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) system. Specific oxygen production by C. vulgaris was enough to support the MBR if high growth is accomplished. Nearly 100% removal (or utilization) of PO43--P and IC was achieved under all conditions tested. Optimal growth was achieved at mixotrophic carbon conditions (0.353d-1) and the highest NH4+-N concentration (0.357d-1), with preferable NH4+-N utilization rather than NO3--N. The results indicate the potential of alternative process designs to treat domestic wastewater by coupling the hybrid MBR - MPBR systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Najm
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao F, Yang ZH, Li C, Zeng GM, Ma DH, Zhou L. A novel algal biofilm membrane photobioreactor for attached microalgae growth and nutrients removal from secondary effluent. Bioresour Technol 2015; 179:8-12. [PMID: 25514396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel algal biofilm membrane photobioreactor (BMPBR) equipped with solid carriers and submerged membrane module was developed for attached growth of Chlorella vulgaris and secondary effluent treatment. The volumetric microalgae production achieved in BMPBR was 0.072 g L(-1) d(-1), which was 1.44-fold larger than that in suspended growth membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). Furthermore, 72.4% of the total produced algal biomass was immobilized as algal biofilm in BMPBR. Advanced nutrients removal from secondary effluent was achieved both in BMPBR and MPBR, with average reduction of about 85% for PO4(3-)-P in the stable stage. Additionally, BMPBR showed better nitrogen removal performance than MPBR due to its higher algal biomass productivity. Moreover, with the filtration effect of the submerged membrane module in the reactor, suspended microalgae could be completely isolated from the effluent and a low average SS concentration of 0.28 mg L(-1) was achieved in the effluent of BMPBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dan-Hui Ma
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao F, Yang ZH, Li C, Wang YJ, Jin WH, Deng YB. Concentrated microalgae cultivation in treated sewage by membrane photobioreactor operated in batch flow mode. Bioresour Technol 2014; 167:441-446. [PMID: 25006019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the microalgae biomass production and nutrients removal efficiency from treated sewage by newly developed membrane photobioreactor in which Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in batch flow mode. Its performance was compared with conventional photobioreactor. The results show that the volumetric microalgae productivity was 39.93 and 10.36 mg L(-1)d(-1) in membrane photobioreactor and conventional photobioreactor, respectively. The nutrients removal rate in membrane photobioreactor was 4.13 mg N L(-1)d(-1) and 0.43 mg P L(-1)d(-1), which was obviously higher than that in conventional photobioreactor (0.59 mg N L(-1)d(-1) and 0.08 mg P L(-1)d(-1)). The better performance of membrane photobioreactor was due to the submerged membrane module in the reactor which acted as a solid-liquid separator and thereby enabled the reactor to operate with higher supply flow rate of cultivation medium. Moreover, in the outflow stage of the membrane photobioreactor, the microalgae culture liquor in the reactor could be further concentrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yu-jie Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Wei-hong Jin
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yi-bing Deng
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bilad MR, Arafat HA, Vankelecom IFJ. Membrane technology in microalgae cultivation and harvesting: a review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1283-1300. [PMID: 25109678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes have long been applied in different stages of microalgae cultivation and processing. These processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, forward osmosis, membrane contactors and membrane spargers. They are implemented in many combinations, both as a standalone and as a coupled system (in membrane biomass retention photobioreactors (BR-MPBRs) or membrane carbonation photobioreactors (C-MPBRs). To provide sufficient background on these applications, an overview of membrane materials and membrane processes of interest in microalgae cultivation and processing is provided in this work first. Afterwards, discussion about specific aspects of membrane applications in microbial cultivation and harvesting is provided, including membrane fouling. Many of the membrane processes were shown to be promising options in microalgae cultivation. Yet, significant process optimizations are still required when they are applied to enable microalgae biomass bulk production to become competitive as a raw material for biofuel production. Recent developments of the coupled systems (BR-MPBR and C-MPBR) bring significant promises to improve the volumetric productivity of a cultivation system and the efficiency of inorganic carbon capture, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marbelia L, Bilad MR, Passaris I, Discart V, Vandamme D, Beuckels A, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. Membrane photobioreactors for integrated microalgae cultivation and nutrient remediation of membrane bioreactors effluent. Bioresour Technol 2014; 163:228-35. [PMID: 24814249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of a new concept of wastewater treatment by combining a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a microalgae membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) is assessed in this study. In this system, the organic carbon present in wastewater is expected to be fully oxidized in the MBR, while the nutrients are removed via the subsequent MPBR treatment. The effluent of a lab-scale MBR was fed into a PBR and a MPBR which served as growing medium for Chlorella vulgaris. The MPBRs demonstrated their superiority by limiting the algae wash-out, thus increasing the allowable optimum dilution rate (Dopt). At these corresponding Dopt values, 3.5 and 2 times higher biomass concentrations and volumetric productivities respectively were achieved by the MPBR. It is also possible to run the MPBR at still higher biomass concentration, thus enabling a smaller footprint and higher nutrient removal efficiency. However, reduced nutrient removal efficiencies were found to be one possible drawback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Marbelia
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Passaris
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Discart
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Vandamme
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - A Beuckels
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - K Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bilad MR, Discart V, Vandamme D, Foubert I, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. Coupled cultivation and pre-harvesting of microalgae in a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). Bioresour Technol 2014; 155:410-417. [PMID: 24559585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new and effective concept is proposed for microalgae cultivation and pre-harvesting using a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR), in which the bioreactor is coupled to membrane filtration by cultivating Chlorella vulgaris. A basic simulation was first performed to understand the behavior of the hybrid system. The effectiveness of the MPBR for cultivation and pre-harvesting was proven. The membrane completely retained the biomass, which then was partly recycled into the bioreactor to maintain a high biomass concentration, thus enhancing flexibility and robustness of the system. The MPBR can operate at both higher dilution and higher growth rates, resulting in a 9× higher biomass productivity. In addition, pre-harvesting can be achieved by applying variable concentration factors in the filtration stage. The membrane permeate was recycled to the reactor as feed medium without affecting the algae growth, which offers a substantial reduction of 77% in the water footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Discart
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Vandamme
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - I Foubert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - K Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Faculty of Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Discart V, Bilad MR, Marbelia L, Vankelecom IFJ. Impact of changes in broth composition on Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) with permeate recycle. Bioresour Technol 2013; 152:321-328. [PMID: 24315936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) is a proven and very useful concept in which microalgae can be simultaneously cultivated and pre-harvested. However, the behavior with respect to accumulation of algogenic organic matter, including transparent exopolymeric particles (TEPs), counter ions and unassimilated nutrients due to the recycling of the medium is still unclear, even though the understanding of this behavior is essential for the optimization of microalgae processing. Therefore, the dynamics of these compounds, especially TEPs, during coupled cultivation and harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris in an MPBR with permeate recycle are addressed in this study. Results show that TEPs are secreted during algae cell growth, and that their presence is thus inevitable. In the system with permeate recycle, substances such as counter ions and unassimilated nutrients get accumulated in the system. This was proven to limit the algae growth, together with the occurrence of bioflocculation due to an increasing broth pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Discart
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Marbelia
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|