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Watson TPG, Tong M, Bailie J, Ekanayake K, Bailie RS. Relationship between climate change and skin cancer and implications for prevention and management: a scoping review. Public Health 2024; 227:243-249. [PMID: 38262229 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the published research on the relationship between climate change and skin cancer and the implications for prevention, management and further research. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS This scoping review following JBI methodology reviewed English articles identified in searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus on 14 April 2023. The screening of articles was completed by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted by a single reviewer and checked by another. A causal pathway diagram was iteratively developed throughout the review and was used to categorise the findings. RESULTS The search identified 1376 papers, of which 45 were included in the final review. Nine papers reported primary research, and 36 papers were reviews, perspectives, commentaries, editorials, or essays. The papers examined climate change influencing behaviours related to ultraviolet exposure (30 papers), ambient temperature (21 papers) and air pollution (five papers) as possible risk factors; occupational, rural, and contextual factors affecting skin cancer (11 papers); and prevention and access to health care in the context of climate change (seven papers). Most papers were published in journals in subject areas other than health. CONCLUSIONS This review identified ultraviolet radiation, occupation, rising temperature, individual behaviour and air pollution as possible influences on skin cancer rates. Furthermore, it highlights the complexity and uncertainties in the relationship between climate change and skin cancer and the need for further research on this relationship, including primary epidemiological research and reviews that follow recognised review guidelines and include assessment of health services and social determinants in the causal pathways of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P G Watson
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia; University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
| | - M Tong
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - J Bailie
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - K Ekanayake
- University of Sydney Library, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - R S Bailie
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
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Zhang W, Ye Z, Qu P, Li D, Gao H, Liang Y, He Z, Tong M. Using solid phase adsorption toxin tracking and extended local similarity analysis to monitor lipophilic shellfish toxins in a mussel culture ranch in the Yangtze River Estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:116027. [PMID: 38217914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated phycotoxins are increasing globally, posing great threats to local coastal ecosystems and human health. Nutrients have been carried by the freshwater Yangtze River and have entered the estuary, which was reported to be a biodiversity-rich but HAB-frequent region. Here, in situ solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) was used to monitor lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) in seawaters, and extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) was conducted to trace the temporal and special regions of those LSTs in a one-year trail in a mussel culture ranch in the Yangtze River Estuary. Nine analogs of LSTs, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), yessotoxin (YTX), homoyessotoxin (homoYTX), 45-OH-homoYTX, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), 7-epi-PTX2 seco acid (7-epi-PTX2sa), gymnodimine (GYM) and azaspiracids-3 (AZA3), were detected in seawater (SPATT) or rope farmed mussels. The concentrations of OA + DTX1 and homoYTX in mussels were positively correlated with those in SPATT samplers (Pearson test, p < 0.05), indicating that SPATT (with resin HP20) would be a good monitoring tool and potential indicator for OA + DTX1 and homoYTX in mussel Mytilus coruscus. The eLSA results indicated that late summer and early autumn were the most phycotoxin-contaminated seasons in the Yangtze River Estuary. OA + DTX1, homoYTX, PTX2 and GYM were most likely driven by the local growing HAB species in spring and summer, while Yangtze River diluted water may impact the accumulation of HAB species, causing potential phycotoxin contamination in the Yangtze River Estuary in autumn and winter. Together, the results showed that the mussel harvesting season, late summer and early autumn, would be the season with the greatest phycotoxin risk and would be the most contaminated by local growing toxic algae. Routine monitoring sites should be set up close to the local seawaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Peipei Qu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Dalian Phycotoxins Key Laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yubo Liang
- Dalian Phycotoxins Key Laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Cheng K, Li X, Tong M, Jong MC, Cai Z, Zheng H, Xiao B, Zhou J. Integrated metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses reveal bacterial micro-ecological mechanisms in coral bleaching. mSystems 2023; 8:e0050523. [PMID: 37882797 PMCID: PMC10734480 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00505-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Coral reefs worldwide are facing rapid decline due to coral bleaching. However, knowledge of the physiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of coral symbionts respond to stress is scarce. Here, metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches were utilized to shed light on the changes in the composition and functions of coral symbiotic bacteria during coral bleaching. The results demonstrated that coral bleaching significantly affected the composition of symbionts, with bacterial communities dominating in bleached corals. Through differential analyses of gene and protein expression, it becomes evident that symbionts experience functional disturbances in response to heat stress. These disturbances result in abnormal energy metabolism, which could potentially compromise the health and resilience of the symbionts. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the highly diverse microbial communities of coral symbionts, with beneficial bacteria providing critical services to corals in stress responses and pathogenic bacteria driving coral bleaching. This study provides comprehensive insights into the complex response mechanisms of coral symbionts under heat stress from the micro-ecological perspective and offers fundamental data for future monitoring of coral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huina Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Cheng X, Li X, Tong M, Wu J, Chan LL, Cai Z, Zhou J. Indole-3-acetic acid as a cross-talking molecule in algal-bacterial interactions and a potential driving force in algal bloom formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236925. [PMID: 37928680 PMCID: PMC10623134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most signaling molecules are involved in inter-or intra-species communication, and signaling involving cross-kingdom cell-to-cell communication is limited. Howerver, algae and bacteria exchange nutrients and information in a range of interactions in marine environments. Multiple signaling molecules exist between algae and bacteria, including quorum-sensing molecules, nitric oxide, and volatile organic compounds. Recently, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin hormone that is a well-studied signaling molecule in terrestrial ecosystems, was found to act as a cue in cross-kingdom communication between algae and bacteria in aquatic environments. To increase understanding of the roles of IAA in the phycosphere, the latest evidence regarding the ecological functions of IAA in cross-kingdom communication between algae and bacteria has been compiled in this review. The pathways of IAA biosynthesis, effects of IAA on algal growth & reproduction, and potential mechanisms at phenotypic and molecular levels are summarized. It is proposed that IAA is an important molecule regulating algal-bacterial interactions and acts as an invisible driving force in the formation of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- The Direction of Deep Sea Resource Exploration and Development Utilization, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Xu M, Cheng K, Xiao B, Tong M, Cai Z, Jong MC, Chen G, Zhou J. Bacterial Communities Vary from Different Scleractinian Coral Species and between Bleached and Non-Bleached Corals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0491022. [PMID: 37191552 PMCID: PMC10269541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04910-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleaching is one of the most relevant factors implicated in the integrity of coral reef ecosystems, with the increasing frequency and intensity of damaging events representing a serious threat to reef biodiversity. Here, we analyzed changes in coral-associated bacteria from three types of non-bleached and bleached scleractinian corals (Acropora digitifera, Galaxea fascicularis, and Porites pukoensis) in Hainan Luhuitou peninsula coastal areas. The community structure of symbiotic bacteria differed significantly among the three apparently healthy corals. The bleached corals had higher bacterial alpha diversity and some specific bacteria genera, including Ruegeria, Methyloceanibacter, Filomicrobium, Halioglobus, Rubripirellula, Rhodopirellula, Silicimonas, Blastopirellula, Sva0996 marine group, Woeseia, and unclassified_c_Gammaproteobacteria, were consistently increased in bleached groups. Network analysis revealed significantly different degrees of modularity between bleached and non-bleached groups at the bacterial genus level, and a higher proportion of links was dominated by positive co-occurrences. Functional prediction analysis illustrated that coral-associated bacteria remained relatively consistent in the bleached and non-bleached groups. Structure equation modeling revealed that the bacterial community diversity and function were directly influenced by host and environment factors. These findings suggested that coral-associated bacterial responses to bleaching occur in a host-dependent manner, informing novel strategies for restoring coral and aiding adaption to bleaching stress. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence indicates that coral-associated bacteria play an important role in the health of holobionts. However, the variability of the symbiotic bacterial community structure among coral species with different coral health statuses remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated three apparent non-bleached (healthy) and bleached coral species (sampled in situ), involving related symbiotic bacterial profiles, including composition, alpha diversity, network relationship, and potential function. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to analyze the relationship between coral status and abiotic and biotic factors. The bacterial community structure of different groups was shown to exhibit host-specific traits. Both host and environmental impacts had primary effects on coral-associated microbial communities. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanisms that mediate divergent microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Song X, Xu Z, Zhang W, Tong M. Regulation of photosynthetic and hemolytic activity of Phaeocystis globosa under different light spectra. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37306463 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa frequently proliferates in eutrophic waters and forms ichthyotoxic algal blooms that cause massive fish mortalities in marine ecosystems. One of the ichthyotoxic metabolites was identified as the glycolipid-like hemolytic toxin, reported to be initiated under light conditions. However, the association between hemolytic activity (HA) and photosynthesis of P. globosa remained unclear. Light spectra (blue, red, green, and white) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) were selected as the stressors to stimulate the hemolytic response of P. globosa in relation to the light and dark photosynthesis reaction. Hemolytic activity in P. globosa was sensitive to the light spectrum as it decreased from 93% to nearly undetectable (1.6%) within 10 min of transfer from red (630 nm) to green light (520 nm). This indicates that the vertical transformation of P. globosa from deep to surface waters (dominated by green light and all light spectra, respectively) may drive the hemolytic response in coastal waters. However, regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer in the light reaction of P. globosa was excluded by the evidence of inconsistent response of HA to photosynthetic activity. The biosynthesis of HA may interfere with the pathway of photopigments diadinoxanthin or fucoxanthin, and the metabolism of three- and five-carbon sugars (GAP and Ru5P, respectively), which ultimately lead to changes in the alga's hemolytic carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Song
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Zhuoyun Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Cheng K, Tong M, Cai Z, Jong MC, Zhou J, Xiao B. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities associated with coral species have high host specificity in the South China Sea. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161185. [PMID: 36581277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals are well known for their obligate association with Symbiodiniaceae, and an array of other microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and symbiotic algae (i.e., total microbiome), which together form the coral holobiont. The total microbiome plays an intricate part in maintaining the homeostasis of the coral holobiont and is closely associated with host health. However, the composition of the coral associated microbiome and interaction between its different members remains elusive because few analyses have bridged taxonomically disparate groups. This research gaps have prevented a holistic understanding of the total microbiome. Thus, to simultaneously characterize the bacterial, fungal and symbiotic algal communities associated with different coral species, and explore the relationship between these symbionts and coral health, healthy and bleached tissues from four coral species, Acropora muricata, Galaxea fascicularis, Platygyra daedalea, and Pavona explanulata, were collected from the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. Using high throughput sequencing, a high degree of host-specificity was observed among bacterial, fungal, and algal groups across coral species. There were no obvious changes in the microbial community structure of apparently healthy and bleached corals, but host bleaching allowed colonization of the holobionts by diverse opportunistic microbes, resulting in a significant elevation in the α-diversity of microbial communities. In addition, co-occurrence analysis of the coral microbiota also identified more complex microbial interactions in bleached corals than in healthy ones. In summary, this study characterized the structure of coral-associated microbiomes across four coral species, and systematically studied microbiome differences between healthy and bleached corals. The findings improve our understanding of the heterogeneity of symbiotic microorganisms and the impact of coral's physiological status on its associated microbial communities composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Mui Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, PR China.
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Legal T, Tong M, Black C, Valente Paterno M, Gaertig J, Bui KH. Molecular architecture of the ciliary tip revealed by cryo-electron tomography. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.03.522627. [PMID: 36711791 PMCID: PMC9881849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are essential organelles that protrude from the cell body. Cilia are made of a microtubule-based structure called the axoneme. In most types of cilia, the ciliary tip is distinct from the rest of the cilium. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to obtain the structure of the ciliary tip of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. We show the microtubules in the tip are highly cross-linked with each other and stabilised by luminal proteins, plugs and cap proteins at the plus ends. In the tip region, the central pair lacks the typical projections and twists significantly. By analysing cells lacking a ciliary tip-enriched protein CEP104/FAP256 by cryo-electron tomography and proteomics, we discovered candidates for the central pair cap complex and explain potential functions of CEP104/FAP256. These data provide new insights into the function of the ciliary tip and inform about the mechanisms of ciliary assembly and length regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Legal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - M Tong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - C Black
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - M Valente Paterno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - J Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - K H Bui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Tong M, Yao Y, Qian W, Qi S. CoT-XNet: contextual transformer with Xception network for diabetic retinopathy grading. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 36322995 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac9fa0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading is primarily performed by assessing fundus images. Many types of lesions, such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and soft exudates, are available simultaneously in a single image. However, their sizes may be small, making it difficult to differentiate adjacent DR grades even using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Recently, a vision transformer has shown comparable or even superior performance to CNNs, and it also learns different visual representations from CNNs. Inspired by this finding, we propose a two-path contextual transformer with Xception network (CoT-XNet) to improve the accuracy of DR grading.Approach.The representations learned by CoT through one path and those by the Xception network through another path are concatenated before the fully connected layer. Meanwhile, the dedicated pre-processing, data resampling, and test time augmentation strategies are implemented. The performance of CoT-XNet is evaluated in the publicly available datasets of DDR, APTOS2019, and EyePACS, which include over 50 000 images. Ablation experiments and comprehensive comparisons with various state-of-the-art (SOTA) models have also been performed.Main results.Our proposed CoT-XNet shows better performance than available SOTA models, and the accuracy and Kappa are 83.10% and 0.8496, 84.18% and 0.9000 and 84.10% and 0.7684 respectively, in the three datasets (listed above). Class activation maps of CoT and Xception networks are different and complementary in most images.Significance.By concatenating the different visual representations learned by CoT and Xception networks, CoT-XNet can accurately grade DR from fundus images and present good generalizability. CoT-XNet will promote the application of artificial intelligence-based systems in the DR screening of large-scale populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ningbo Blue Illumination Tech Co., Ltd, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States of America
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Qi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Ho R, Kim K, Fan A, Gan A, Nakamoto S, Tong M, Vajjala S, Anderson N, Viereck J, Gorenflo R, Morden F, Liow K. Characteristics of Central Sleep Apnea in Hawai’i Ethnic Groups. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shan S, Xu L, Chen K, Tong M, Wang X. A rapid fluorescence approach on differentiation of typical dinoflagellate of East China Sea. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 276:121216. [PMID: 35429857 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detecting the marine phytoplankton by the means of absorption or fluorescence spectra were successfully deployed in the past decades, however, the differentiation are mainly limited in levels of class, such as bacillariophytas, dinophytas, raphidophytes, chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, etc. which are characterized by their specific composition of photosynthetic pigments. To further differentiate the typical dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense, Amphidinium carterae, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Karenia mikimotoi out of the common diatom Skeletonema costatum and haptonema Phaeocystis globosa at East China Sea, a rapid 3D-fluorescence method equipped with CHEMTAX model were conducted. Initial fluorescence excitation spectra of each algal species (under variable environmental conditions) were captured by 3D-fluorometer first. Then fingerprints of each algae were characterized by ten-point discrete excitation spectrum with the excitation wavelengths of 405, 420, 435, 470, 490, 505, 535, 555, 570 and 590 nm, which closely reflecting the difference of photosynthetic pigments. By equipping with CHEMTAX model, the standard spectra and norm spectra were constructed for FS-CHEMTAX (Fluorescence spectra-CHEMTAX) model to further identify the algal species and estimate the cell density. The developed method performed a better way of identifying the toxic species Amphidinium carterae, Phaeocystis globosa, and Karenia mikimotoi out of the non-toxic ones, with the identification accuracy rates of 83.3%, 90% and 100%, in monocultures, and 77.8%, 90% and 100%, in the bi-mixed cultures, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection limits for the three toxic species were found as low as 250, 1,400 and 120 cells/mL. The concentrations estimated are in good agreement with the microscopic cell counts for all the algae groups (correlation coefficients (R2) exceed 0.8). The relative error of predict concentration was lowest for small cells, i.e., Phaeocystis globosa (10.0%) and Amphidinium carterae (21.1%), but the highest for big cells, i.e. Karenia mikimotoi (41.8%) when the target algae become the dominant species. The overall concentration detection error was no more than one order of magnitude, indicating that this method could provide an important technical support for monitoring the related harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Shan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Zhejiang Veelang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Zhejiang Veelang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China; The Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
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Ho SSK, Hon SSF, Hung E, Lee JFY, Mo F, Tong M, So C, Chu S, Ng DCK, Lam D, Cho C, Mak TWC, Ng SSM, Futaba K, Suen J, To KF, Chan AWH, Yeung WWK, Ma BBY. Prognostic implication of the neoadjuvant rectal score and other biomarkers of clinical outcome in Hong Kong Chinese patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:230-238. [PMID: 35667869 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, for which pathological complete response is typically used as a surrogate survival endpoint. Neoadjuvant rectal score is a new biomarker that has been shown to correlate with survival. The main objectives of this study were to investigate factors contributing to pathological complete response, to validate the prognostic significance of neoadjuvant rectal score, and to investigate factors associated with a lower neoadjuvant rectal score in a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese. METHODS Data of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy from August 2006 to October 2018 were retrieved from hospital records and retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Of 193 patients who had optimal response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, tumour down-staging was the only independent prognostic factor that predicted pathological complete response (P<0.0001). Neoadjuvant rectal score was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.042, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.021-1.064; P<0.0001), disease-free survival (HR=1.042, 95% CI=1.022-1.062; P<0.0001), locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR=1.070, 95% CI=1.039-1.102; P<0.0001) and distant recurrence-free survival (HR=1.034, 95% CI=1.012-1.056; P=0.002). Patients who had pathological complete response were associated with a lower neoadjuvant rectal score (P<0.0001), but pathological complete response was not associated with survival. For patients with intermediate neoadjuvant rectal scores, late recurrences beyond 72 months from diagnosis were observed. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant rectal score is an independent prognostic marker of survival and disease recurrence in a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S K Ho
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S S F Hon
- Department of Surgery, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E Hung
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J F Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - F Mo
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M Tong
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C So
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Chu
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D C K Ng
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C Cho
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T W C Mak
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Futaba
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J Suen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K F To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - A W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - B B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Liang Y, Li A, Chen J, Tan Z, Tong M, Liu Z, Qiu J, Yu R. Progress on the investigation and monitoring of marine phycotoxins in China. Harmful Algae 2022; 111:102152. [PMID: 35016765 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), tetrodotoxin (TTX), palytoxin (PLTX) and neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) have been investigated and routinely monitored along the coast of China. The mouse bioassay for monitoring of marine toxins has been progressively replaced by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which led to the discovery of many new hydrophilic and lipophilic marine toxins. PSP toxins have been detected in the whole of coastal waters of China, where they are the most serious marine toxins. PSP events in the Northern Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea are a cause of severe public health concern. Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), which are major toxin components associated with DSP, were mainly found in coastal waters of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, and other lipophilic toxins, such as pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, azaspiracids, cyclic imines, and dinophysistoxin-2(DTX2) were detected in bivalves, seawater, sediment, as well as phytoplankton. CFP events mainly occurred in the South China Sea, while TTX events mainly occurred in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Microalgae that produce PLTX and BMAA were found in the phytoplankton community along the coastal waters of China.
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Key Words
- AZAs, azaspiracids
- Abbreviations: ASP, amnesic shellfish poisoning
- Animal seafood
- BMAA, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine
- CFP, ciguatera fish poisoning
- CIs, cyclic imines
- CTXs, ciguatoxins
- Coastal waters of China
- DA, domoic acid
- DSP, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
- DTX1, dinophysistoxin-1
- DTX2, dinophysistoxin-2
- DTXs, dinophysistoxins
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FJ, Fujian
- GD, Guangdong
- GX, Guangxi
- GYM, gymnodimine
- HB, Hebei
- HN, Hainan
- HPLC-FLD, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
- JS, Jiangsu
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- LMTs, lipophilic marine toxins
- LN, Liaoning
- LOD, limit of detection
- LOQ, limit of quantitation
- MBA, mouse bioassay
- Marine phycotoxins
- NSP, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- OA, okadaic acid
- PLTXs, palytoxins
- PSP, paralytic shellfish poisoning
- PTX2, pectenotoxin-2
- PbTXs, brevetoxins
- SD, Shandong
- SPATT, solid phase adsorbent toxin tracking
- SPE, solid phase extraction
- SPX1, 13-desmethyl spirolide C
- STXs, saxitoxins
- TTXs, tetrodotoxins
- Toxin analysis
- YTXs, yessotoxins
- ZJ, Zhejiang
- hYTX, 1-homoyessotoxin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liang
- Dalian Phycotoxins Key laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Dalian Phycotoxins Key laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rencheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chen S, Shen Z, Ding J, Qu M, Li T, Tong M, Di Y. Sulfamethoxazole induced systematic and tissue-specific antioxidant defense in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Implication of antibiotic's ecotoxicity. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130634. [PMID: 34134424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), recognized as emerging pollutant, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, effects induced by SMX and the underneath mechanism on non-target aquatic organisms, marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), are still largely unknown. In present study, marine mussels were exposed to SMX (nominal concentrations 0.5, 50 and 500 μg/L) for 6 days, followed by 6 days depuration and responses of antioxidant defenses, e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), etc., at transcriptional, translational and functional levels were evaluated in two vital tissues, gills and digestive glands. Results showed SMX can be accumulated in mussels while the bio-accumulative ability was low under the experimental condition. A systemic but not completely synchronous antioxidant defense at different levels upon SMX exposure. The transcriptional alteration was more sensitive and had the potential to be used as early warning of SMX induced ecotoxicity. Complementary function of antioxidant enzymes with specific alteration of metabolism related gene (gst) suggested that further researches should focused on SMX metabolism and SMX induced effects simultaneously. Significant tissue-specific antioxidant responses were discovered and gills showed earlier and quicker reacting ability than digestive glands, which was closely related to the functional diversity and different thresholds of xenobiotics allowance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Zeyue Shen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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Wu N, Tong M, Gou S, Zeng W, Xu Z, Jiang T. Hemolytic Activity in Relation to the Photosynthetic System in Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:336. [PMID: 34204792 PMCID: PMC8231601 DOI: 10.3390/md19060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chattonella species, C. marina and C. ovata, are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of Chattonella species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic C. marina and C. ovata cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of Chattonella was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of C. marina and C. ovata under the light over 100 µmol m-2 s-1 or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of C. marina, but had no effect on C. ovata. The toxicological response indicated that HA in Chattonella was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl c2 and chl a, in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl c2 biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Siyu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiji Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhuoyun Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Tianjiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
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Mok F, Tong M, Loong H, Mok T. P19.01 Local Ablative Radiotherapy on Oligo-Progression while Continued on EGFR-TKI in Advanced NSCLC Patients: A Longer Cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Ho S, Hon S, Hung E, Mo F, So C, Tong M, Lee J, Chu S, Ng D, Lam D, Cho C, Mak T, Ng S, Suen J, Chan A, Yeung W, Ma B. 91P Prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer in Chinese patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Sadasivan C, Chow J, Kam K, Fung E, Sheng B, Chan D, Fan Y, Choi P, Wong J, Tong M, Chan T, Senaratne M, Brass N, Lee A, Oudit G. SCREENING FOR FABRY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH UNEXPLAINED LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chow J, Tam A, Cheung K, Lee V, Chiang C, Tong M, Wong E, Cheung A, Chan S, Lai J, Ngan R, Ng W, Lee A, Au K. 913MO Second primary cancer after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong (2001-2010): A territory-wide study by HKNPCSG. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Li N, Tong M, Glibert PM. Effect of allelochemicals on photosynthetic and antioxidant defense system of Ulva prolifera. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 224:105513. [PMID: 32504860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulva prolifera is a macroalgae that forms massive blooms, negatively impacting natural communities, aquaculture operations and recreation. The effects of the natural products, eugenol, β-myrcene, citral and nonanoic acid on the growth rate, antioxidative defense system and photosynthesis of Ulva prolifera were investigated as a possible control strategy for this harmful taxon. Negative effects on growth were observed with all four chemicals, due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to the thalli. However, the response of U. prolifera under the four chemicals stress was different at the cellular level. β-myrcene, the most effective compound in terms of growth inhibition, induced oxidative stress as shown by the damage of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the downregulation of the glutathione-ascorbate (GSH-ASA) cycle which inhibited the antioxidative system. This chemical also inhibited photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms in U. prolifera, resulting in growth limitation. In contrast, U. prolifera was less affected by the second tested chemical, eugenol, and showed no significant change on photosynthetic efficiency in the presence of the chemical. The inhibition effects of the third and fourth tested chemicals, nonanoic acid and citralon, on growth and on the antioxidant defense system in U. prolifera were inferior. These results provide a potential avenue for controlling green tides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environment Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Kirk C, Tong M, Shivaram G, Law Y. Herding CATs? The Incidence and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Thromboses (CATs) in Pediatric Patients after Cardiac Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Dong S, Li Z, Fu Y, Zhang G, Zhang D, Tong M, Huang T. Bimetal-organic framework Cu-Ni-BTC and its derivative CuO@NiO: Construction of three environmental small-molecule electrochemical sensors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Sheng CX, Kim KH, Tong M, Yang C, Kang H, Park YW, Vardeny ZV. Ultrafast Transient Spectroscopy of Trans-Polyacetylene in the Midinfrared Spectral Range. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:017401. [PMID: 31976729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trans-polyacetylene [t-(CH)_{x}] possesses twofold ground state degeneracy. Using the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian, scientists predicted charged solitons to be the primary photoexcitations in t-(CH)_{x}; this prediction, however, has led to sharp debate. To resolve this saga, we use subpicosecond transient photomodulation spectroscopy in the mid-IR spectral range (0.1-1.5 eV) in neat t-(CH)_{x} thin films. We show that odd-parity singlet excitons are the primary photoexcitations in t-(CH)_{x}, similar to many other nondegenerate π-conjugated polymers. The exciton transitions are characterized by two photoinduced absorption (PA) bands at 0.38 and 0.6 eV, and an associated photoluminescence band at ∼1.5 eV having similar polarization memory. The primary excitons undergo internal conversion within ∼100 fs to an even-parity (dark) singlet exciton with a PA band at ∼1.4 eV. We also find ultrafast photogeneration of charge polarons when pumping deep into the polymer continuum band, which are characterized by two other PA bands in the mid-IR and associated photoinduced IR vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Sheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Tong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - C Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - H Kang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y W Park
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Z V Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Tong M, Ji Y, Ruan L. CPAP in the treatment of major depression complicated with OSAHS: a case report. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Lam G, Tong M, Lee J, Chu S, Ng D, Lam D, Cho C, Hung E, Li L, Ho W, Hui E, Chan A, Hon S, Mak T, Ng S, Suen J, Mo F, Ma B. A multicenter phase II study of neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI followed by concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy for high risk rectal cancer: A final report. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz421.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jia Y, Gao H, Tong M, Anderson DM. Cell cycle regulation of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata: Growth, photosynthetic efficiency and toxin production. Harmful Algae 2019; 89:101672. [PMID: 31672228 PMCID: PMC6914227 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata is a widely distributed diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) producer. Toxin variability of Dinophysis spp. has been well studied, but little is known of the manner in which toxin production is regulated throughout the cell cycle in these species, in part due to their mixotrophic characteristics. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate cell cycle regulation of growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and toxin production in D. acuminata. First, a three-step synchronization approach, termed "starvation-feeding-dark", was used to achieve a high degree of synchrony of Dinophysis cells by starving the cells for 2 weeks, feeding them once, and then placing them in darkness for 58 h. The synchronized cells started DNA synthesis (S phase) 10 h after being released into the light, initiated G2 growth stage eight hours later, and completed mitosis (M phase) 2 h before lights were turned on. The toxin content of three dominant toxins, okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), followed a common pattern of increasing in G1 phase, decreasing on entry into the S phase, then increasing again in S phase and decreasing in M phase during the diel cell cycle. Specific toxin production rates were positive throughout the G1 and S phases, but negative during the transition from G1 to S phase and late in M phase, the latter reflecting cell division. All toxins were initially induced by the light and positively correlated with the percentage of cells in S phase, indicating that biosynthesis of Dinophysis toxins might be under circadian regulation and be most active during DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Donald M Anderson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Liang J, Iqbal S, Wen F, Tong M, Liu J. Phosphorus-Induced Lipid Class Alteration Revealed by Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Profiling in Oleaginous Microalga Nannochloropsis sp. PJ12. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090519. [PMID: 31484443 PMCID: PMC6780086 DOI: 10.3390/md17090519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton are primary producers in the marine ecosystem, where phosphorus is often a limiting factor of their growth. Hence, they have evolved strategies to recycle phosphorus by replacing membrane phospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids. However, mechanisms for replacement of lipid classes remain poorly understood. To improve our understanding, we performed the lipidomic and transcriptomic profiling analyses of an oleaginous marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. PJ12 in response to phosphorus depletion (PD) and replenishing. In this study, by using (liquid chromatography couple with tandem mass spectrometry) LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis, we show that membrane phospholipid levels are significantly reduced upon PD, while phosphorus-free betaine lipid levels are increased. However, levels of phosphorus-free photosynthetic galactolipid and sulfolipid are not increased upon PD, consistent with the reduced photosynthetic activity. RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis indicates that enzymes involved in phospholipid recycling and phosphorus-free lipid synthesis are upregulated, supporting the lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, enzymes involved in FASII (type II fatty acid synthesis) elongation cycle upon PD are transcriptionally downregulated. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) level decrease upon PD is revealed by both GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) and LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analyses. PD-induced alteration is reversed after phosphorus replenishing. Taken together, our results suggest that the alteration of lipid classes upon environmental change of phosphorus is a result of remodeling rather than de novo synthesis in Nannochloropsis sp. PJ12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibei Liang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Sunya Iqbal
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Fang Wen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Tong M, Tieu L, Lee CT, Ponath C, Guzman D, Kushel M. Factors associated with food insecurity among older homeless adults: results from the HOPE HOME study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:240-249. [PMID: 29617886 PMCID: PMC6636692 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US homeless population is aging. Older adults and those living in poverty are at a high risk of food insecurity. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a population-based study of 350 homeless adults aged ≥50. We assessed food security and receipt of food assistance. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with very low food security. RESULTS The majority of the cohort was male and African American. Over half (55.4%) met criteria for food insecurity, 24.3% reported very low food security. Half (51.7%) reported receiving monetary food assistance. In the multivariable model, those who were primarily sheltered in the prior 6 months, (multi-institution users [AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.86]) had less than half the odds of very low food security compared with those who were unsheltered. Depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.01, 1.69-5.38), oral pain (AOR = 2.15, 1.24-3.74) and cognitive impairment (AOR = 2.21, 1.12-4.35) were associated with increased odds of very low food security. CONCLUSIONS Older homeless adults experience a high prevalence of food insecurity. To alleviate food insecurity in this population, targeted interventions must address specific risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tong
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - L Tieu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - C T Lee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Ponath
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Guzman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - M Kushel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, UCSF Box 1364, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Lam YT, Lim FMY, Tong M, Cheng ACK. Postoperative Radiotherapy for Resected Stage IIIA–N2 Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: a Review of Outcomes. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1816824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Smith JL, Tong M, Kulis D, Anderson DM. Effect of ciliate strain, size, and nutritional content on the growth and toxicity of mixotrophic Dinophysis acuminata. Harmful Algae 2018; 78:95-105. [PMID: 30196930 PMCID: PMC6178807 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate differences in bloom magnitude and toxicity between regional populations, and more recently, between geographical isolates of Dinophysis acuminata; however, the factors driving differences in toxicity/toxigenicity between regions/strains have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, the roles of prey strains (i.e., geographical isolates) and their associated attributes (i.e., biovolume and nutritional content) were investigated in the context of growth and production of toxins as a possible explanation for regional variation in toxicity of D. acuminata. The mixotrophic dinoflagellate, D. acuminata, isolated from NE North America (MA, U.S.) was offered a matrix of prey lines in a full factorial design, 1 × 2 × 3; one dinoflagellate strain was fed one of two ciliates, Mesodinium rubrum, isolated from coastal regions of Japan or Spain, which were grown on one of three cryptophytes (Teleaulax/Geminigera clade) isolated from Japan, Spain, or the northeastern USA. Additionally, predator: prey ratios were manipulated to explore effects of the prey's total biovolume on Dinophysis growth or toxin production. These studies revealed that the biovolume and nutritional status of the two ciliates, and less so the cryptophytes, impacted the growth, ingestion rate, and maximum biomass of D. acuminata. The predator's consumption of the larger, more nutritious prey resulted in an elevated growth rate, greater biomass, and increased toxin quotas and total toxin per mL of culture. Grazing on the smaller, less nutritious prey, led to fewer cells in the culture but relatively more toxin exuded from the cells on per cell basis. Once the predator: prey ratios were altered so that an equal biovolume of each ciliate was delivered, the effect of ciliate size was lost, suggesting the predator can compensate for reduced nutrition in the smaller prey item by increasing grazing. While significant ciliate-induced effects were observed on growth and toxin metrics, no major shifts in toxin profile or intracellular toxin quotas were observed that could explain the large regional variations observed between geographical populations of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L Smith
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, China; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - David Kulis
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - Donald M Anderson
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
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Reich D, Gallucci G, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Therapeutic Advantages of Dual Targeting of PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ in an Experimental Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5. [PMID: 30705969 PMCID: PMC6350901 DOI: 10.13188/2376-922x.1000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive impairments in brain responsiveness to insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Although deficiencies in brain insulin and IGF could be ameliorated with trophic factors such as insulin, impairments in receptor expression, binding, and tyrosine kinase activation require alternative strategies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists target genes downstream of insulin/IGF stimulation. Furthermore, their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects address other pathologies contributing to neurodegeneration. Objectives: The goal of this research was to examine effects of dual delivery of L165, 041 (PPAR-δ) and F-L-Leu (PPAR-γ) agonists for remediating in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Model: Experiments were conducted using frontal lobe slice cultures from an intracerebral Streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) rat model of AD. Results: PPAR-δ+ PPAR-γ agonist treatments increased indices of neuronal and myelin maturation, and mitochondrial proliferation and function, and decreased neuroinflammation, AβPP-Aβ, neurotoxicity, ubiquitin, and nitrosative stress, but failed to restore choline acetyl transferase expression and adversely increased HNE(lipid peroxidation) and acetylcholinesterase, which would have further increased stress and reduced cholinergic function in the STZ brain cultures. Conclusion: PPAR-δ + PPAR-γ agonist treatments have substantial positive early therapeutic targeting effects on AD-associated molecular and biochemical brain pathologies. However, additional or alternative strategies may be needed to optimize disease remediation during the initial phases of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reich
- Brandeis University, Waltham University, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA
| | - M Tong
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA
| | - S M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, University of Brown University, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Brown University, USA
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Tong M, Shang N, Wang R, Lebwohl B, Mehl K, Hripcsak G, Weng C, Kiryluk K, Petukhova L. 316 Development of a phenotyping algorithm to identify patients with autoimmune disease in electronic health records for future large scale studies. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Okamoto T, Niikawa H, Tu C, Unai S, Zeeshan A, Ahmad U, Tong M, Johnston D, Budev M, McCurry K. Single Center Experience of Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death in Lung Transplantation at Cleveland Clinic. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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34
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Alvarez P, Sperry B, Perez A, Tong M, Hussein A, Taylor D. Burden and Consequences of Retained Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Lead Fragments After Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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35
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Hou R, Tong M, Gao W, Wang L, Yang T, He L. Investigation of degradation and penetration behaviors of dimethoate on and in spinach leaves using in situ SERS and LC-MS. Food Chem 2017; 237:305-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Hui E, Chan A, Ngan R, Tung S, Cheng A, Ng W, Lee V, Ma B, Cheng H, Wong F, Loong H, Tong M, Poon D, Ahuja A, King A, Wang K, Mo F, Zee B, Chan K, Lo Y. Biomarker analysis of randomized controlled trial (RCT) of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) using plasma EBV DNA to identify patients (pts) at higher risk of relapse after radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Mei Ying L, Tong M, Chi Kin C. P2.05-008 Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Early Stage I Lung Cancer: A Review from an Oncology Center in Hong Kong. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Tong M, Gao W, Jiao W, Zhou J, Li Y, He L, Hou R. Uptake, Translocation, Metabolism, and Distribution of Glyphosate in Nontarget Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.). J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7638-7646. [PMID: 28795804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The uptake, translocation, metabolism, and distribution behavior of glyphosate in nontarget tea plant were investigated. The negative effects appeared to grown tea saplings when the nutrient solution contained glyphosate above 200 mg L-1. Glyphosate was highest in the roots of the tea plant, where it was also metabolized to aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The glyphosate and AMPA in the roots were transported through the xylem or phloem to the stems and leaves. The amount of AMPA in the entire tea plant was less than 6.0% of the amount of glyphosate. The glyphosate level in fresh tea shoots was less than that in mature leaves at each day. These results indicated that free glyphosate in the soil can be continuously absorbed by, metabolized in, and transported from the roots of the tea tree into edible leaves, and therefore, free glyphosate residues in the soil should be controlled to produce teas free of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Weiting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemisty and Health Effects, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, P. R. China
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Yang J, Gao H, Glibert PM, Wang Y, Tong M. Rates of nitrogen uptake by cyanobacterially-dominated assemblages in Lake Taihu, China, during late summer. Harmful Algae 2017; 65:71-84. [PMID: 28526121 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lake Taihu has suffered an increasing number of cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) over the past three decades, bringing about formidable ecological and economical losses. Efforts to control phosphate (P) and/or nitrogen (N) have been applied to mitigate these blooms, but there has been much less attention paid to N and its different forms on the ecology of the blooms. Therefore, kinetic and nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted to assess N uptake rates under differing conditions, and to examine effects of changes in N forms (NH4+, NO3- and urea) and P availability on phytoplankton community physiology. In 2014 these experiments involved mesocosm enrichments; in 2015 these experiments were conducted over a diurnal period. Both involved measurements of short-term N uptake. The kinetic results showed that the utilization of NH4+, NO3- and urea by Microcystis-dominated communities was not efficient at low ambient substrate concentrations. Maximum uptake rates by these phytoplankton was achieved on NH4+ and these rates were significantly higher than those on NO3- or urea with or without nutrient pretreatment. Moreover in the presence of PO43- enrichment, the maximal uptake velocity of NH4+ substantially increased without evidence of saturation. High amounts of NH4+ may have inhibited or repressed the uptake of NO3- at certain times in these studies. In the diurnal study, dissolved inorganic carbon and pH changed substantially throughout the day. The resulting high pH altered N and P in ways that may help to sustain nutrient cycling for the blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China; University of Maryland Center for Environment Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanographic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Papp-Peka A, Tong M, Kril JJ, De La Monte SM, Sutherland GT. The Differential Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine-Specific Nitrosamine Ketone on White Matter Ultrastructure. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:165-171. [PMID: 28182194 PMCID: PMC6075461 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The chronic consumption of alcohol is known to result in neurodegeneration and impairment of cognitive function. Pathological and neuroimaging studies have confirmed that brain atrophy in alcoholics is mainly due to widespread white matter (WM) loss with neuronal loss restricted to specific regions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Neuroimaging studies of cigarette smokers also suggest that chronic inhalation of tobacco smoke leads to brain atrophy, although the neurotoxic component is unknown. As a high proportion of chronic alcoholics also smoke cigarettes it has been hypothesized that at least some alcohol-related brain damage is due to tobacco smoke exposure. Methods 39 Long Evans rats were subjected to 8 weeks exposure to alcohol and/or 5 weeks co-exposure to nicotine-specific nitrosamine ketone (NNK), a proxy for tobacco smoke. Their frontal WM was then assayed with transmission electron microscopy. Results NNK and ethanol co-exposure had a synergistic effect in decreasing myelinated fibre density. Furthermore, NNK treatment led to a greater reduction in myelin sheath thickness than ethanol whereas only the ethanol-treated animals showed a decrease in unmyelinated fibre density. Conclusion These data suggest that NNK causes WM degeneration, an effect that is exacerbated by alcohol, but unlike alcohol, it has little impact on the neuronal components of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papp-Peka
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - J J Kril
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - G T Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
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Shen Y, Tong M, Liang Q, Guo Y, Sun HQ, Zheng W, Ao L, Guo Z, She F. Epigenomics alternations and dynamic transcriptional changes in responses to 5-fluorouracil stimulation reveal mechanisms of acquired drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells. Pharmacogenomics J 2017; 18:23-28. [PMID: 28045128 PMCID: PMC5817391 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A drug-induced resistant cancer cell is different from its parent cell in transcriptional response to drug treatment. The distinct transcriptional response pattern of a drug-induced resistant cancer cell to drug treatment might be introduced by acquired DNA methylation aberration in the cell exposing to sustained drug stimulation. In this study, we performed both transcriptional and DNA methylation profiles of the HCT-8 wild-type cells (HCT-8/WT) for human colorectal cancer (CRC) and the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced resistant cells (HCT-8/5-FU) after treatment with 5-FU for 0, 24 and 48 h. Integrated analysis of transcriptional and DNA methylation profiles showed that genes with promoter hypermethylation and concordant expression silencing in the HCT-8/5-FU cells are mainly involved in pathways of pyrimidine metabolism and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that genes with transcriptional differences between a drug-induced resistant cell and its parent cell after drug treatment for a certain time, rather than their primary transcriptional differences, are more likely to be involved in drug resistance. Specifically, transcriptional differences between the drug-induced resistant cells and parental cells after drug treatment for 24 h were significantly consistent with the differentially expressed genes (termed as CRG5-FU) between the tissues of nonresponders and responders of CRCs to 5-FU-based therapy and the consistence increased after drug treatment for 48 h (binomial test, P-value=1.88E−06). This study reveals a major epigenetic mechanism inducing the HCT-8/WT cells to acquire resistance to 5-FU and suggests an appropriate time interval (24–48 h) of 5-FU exposure for identifying clinically relevant drug resistance signatures from drug-induced resistant cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - M Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Q Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - H Q Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - L Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - F She
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yalcin EB, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Enzymatic Responses to Alcohol and Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone Exposures in Long Evans Rat Livers. Austin Liver 2016; 1:1003. [PMID: 29658012 PMCID: PMC5898820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic feeding plus binge administration of ethanol causes very high blood alcohol concentrations. However, its co-administration with tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) results in somewhat lower blood alcohol levels, suggesting that NNK and therefore smoking, alters alcohol metabolism in the liver. To explore this hypothesis, we examined effects of ethanol and/or NNK exposures on the expression and activity levels of enzymes that regulate their metabolism in liver. METHODS This study utilized a 4-way model in which Long Evans rats were fed liquid diets containing 0% or 26% ethanol for 8 weeks, and respectively i.p injected with saline or 2 g/kg of ethanol 3 times/week during Weeks 7 and 8. The control and ethanol-exposed groups were each sub-divided and further i.p treated with 2 mg/kg of NNK or saline (3×/week) in Weeks 3-8. ADH, catalase and ALDH activities were measured using commercial kits. CYP450 mRNA levels (17 isoforms) were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Ethanol significantly increased hepatic ADH but not catalase or ALDH activity. NNK had no effect on ADH, ALDH, or catalase, but when combined with ethanol, it increased ADH activity above the levels measured in all other groups. Ethanol increased CYP2C7, while NNK increased CYP2B1 and CYP4A1mRNA levels relative to control. In contrast, dual ethanol + NNK exposures inhibited CYP2B1 and CYP4A1 expression relative to NNK. Conclusion: Dual exposures to ethanol and NNK increase hepatic ethanol metabolism, and ethanol and/or NNK exposures alter the expression of CYP450 isoforms that are utilized in NNK and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Yalcin
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - M Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - S M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
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Jiao W, Xiao Y, Qian X, Tong M, Hu Y, Hou R, Hua R. Optimized combination of dilution and refined QuEChERS to overcome matrix effects of six types of tea for determination eight neonicotinoid insecticides by ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 210:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Repka M, Kole T, Wu B, Tong M, Lei S, Suy S, Dritschilo A, Collins S. Effect of Dose to the Bladder Wall and Trigone on Late Urinary Flare Following Definitive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tong M, Zheng W, Li H, Li X, Ao L, Shen Y, Liang Q, Li J, Hong G, Yan H, Cai H, Li M, Guan Q, Guo Z. Multi-omics landscapes of colorectal cancer subtypes discriminated by an individualized prognostic signature for 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e242. [PMID: 27429074 PMCID: PMC5399173 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, few prognostic signatures for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy could be used in clinical practice. Here, using transcriptional profiles for a panel of cancer cell lines and three cohorts of CRC patients, we developed a prognostic signature based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of six gene pairs for stage II-III CRC patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. This REO-based signature had the unique advantage of being insensitive to experimental batch effects and free of the impractical data normalization requirement. After stratifying 184 CRC samples with multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas into two prognostic groups using the REO-based signature, we further revealed that patients with high recurrence risk were characterized by frequent gene copy number aberrations reducing 5-FU efficacy and DNA methylation aberrations inducing distinct transcriptional alternations to confer 5-FU resistance. In contrast, patients with low recurrence risk exhibited deficient mismatch repair and carried frequent gene mutations suppressing cell adhesion. These results reveal the multi-omics landscapes determining prognoses of stage II-III CRC patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - L Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Q Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - G Hong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Cai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Q Guan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Chen Q, Yin YX, Wei J, Tong M, Shen F, Zhao M, Chamley L. Increased expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the cytoplasm of placental syncytiotrophoblast from preeclamptic placentae. Cytokine 2016; 85:30-6. [PMID: 27285673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterised by an inappropriate maternal inflammatory response during pregnancy. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally characterised as a nuclear protein but when released into the extracellular environment following necrotic cell death, it is proinflammatory. HMGB1 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta. Higher levels of uric acid are reported in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of HMGB1differed between early onset and late onset preeclampsia or severe and mild preeclampsia and whether its expression correlated with the levels of uric acid. METHODS 74 preeclamptic placentae and 110 normotensive placentae were included in this study. The levels of uric acid in women with preeclampsia were measured. The expression of HMGB1 in preeclamptic placentae or in first trimester and term placentae that had been treated with uric acid was measured. RESULTS HMGB1 was expressed predominantly in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and the expression of HMGB1 in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast was significantly increased in both severe preeclampsia and early onset preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancies. The circulating levels of uric acid were significantly increased in preeclampsia and correlated with the expression of HMGB1. Increased levels of HMGB1 were significantly correlated with the severity and the time of onset of preeclampsia, but pathologic levels of uric acid did not increase the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSION Our data provides a better understanding of the function of HMGB1, a danger molecule in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Y X Yin
- Wuxi maternity and Children Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - J Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Tong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - F Shen
- The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, China
| | - M Zhao
- Wuxi maternity and Children Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - L Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Shao J, Tong M, Wei J, Wise M, Stone P, Chamley L, Chen Q. Increased levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in trophoblastic debris may contribute to endothelial cell activation: A potential player in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Agarwal AR, Cadenas E. Tobacco Smoke-Induced Hepatic Injury with Steatosis, Inflammation, and Impairments in Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 27525191 PMCID: PMC4979551 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0681.1000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with impairments in hepatic insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling through cell growth, survival, and metabolic pathways. Since not all heavy drinkers develop ALD, co-factors may be important. Epidemiologic data indicate that most heavy drinkers smoke tobacco and experimental data revealed that low-level nitrosamine exposures, including those from tobacco, can cause steatohepatitis with hepatic insulin/IGF resistance and exacerbate ALD. We hypothesize that cigarette smoke (CS) exposures also cause liver injury with impaired hepatic insulin/IGF signaling, and thereby contribute to ALD. Methods Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air for 8 weeks (A8), CS for 4 (CS4) or 8 (CS8) weeks, or CS for 8 weeks with 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). Results CS exposures caused progressive liver injury with disruption of the normal hepatic chord architecture, lobular inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis, micro-steatosis, sinusoidal dilatation, and nuclear pleomorphism. Histopathological liver injury scores increased significantly from A8 to CS4 and then further to CS8 (P<0.0001). The mean histological grade was also higher in CS8+R relative to A8 (P<0.0001) but lower than in CS4, reflecting partial resolution of injury by CS withdrawal. CS exposures impaired insulin and IGF-1 signaling through IRS-1, Akt, GSK-3β, and PRAS40. Livers from CS8+R mice had normalized or elevated levels of insulin receptor, pYpY-Insulin-R, 312S-IRS-1, 473S-Akt, S9-GSK-3β, and pT246-PRAS40 relative to A8, CS4, or CS8, reflecting partial recovery. Conclusion CS-mediated liver injury and steatohepatitis with impairments in insulin/IGF signalling are reminiscent of the findings in ALD. Therefore, CS exposures (either first or second-hand) may serve as a co-factor in ALD. The persistence of several abnormalities following CS exposure cessation suggests that some aspects of CS-mediated hepatic metabolic dysfunction are not readily reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Division of Neuropathology and Departments of Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - M Tong
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - A R Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tong M, Brown OS, Stone PR, Cree LM, Chamley LW. Flow speed alters the apparent size and concentration of particles measured using NanoSight nanoparticle tracking analysis. Placenta 2015; 38:29-32. [PMID: 26907379 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is commonly used to count and size nano-sized particles. A sample loading pump can be used to analyse a larger sample volume, but it is unclear whether accuracy is affected. Using a NanoSight NS300 with the manufacturer-supplied pump, we examined synthetic silica and latex microspheres, liposomes and placental extracellular vesicles at different flow speeds. Analysis at flow speeds of 20 or 50 significantly reduced the measured concentration and mean/modal size of particles, particularly for mono-dispersed samples. We identify sample flow speed as a crucial instrument setting which should be reported in all studies that use NTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - O S Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - P R Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Maternal Fetal Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
| | - L M Cree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - L W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Chen Q, Wei J, Tong M, Yu L, Lee AC, Gao YF, Zhao M. Associations between body mass index and maternal weight gain on the delivery of LGA infants in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1037-41. [PMID: 26376766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for maternal and fetal complications including delivery of large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with delivery of LGA infants. However, whether maternal BMI and weight gain are associated with LGA infants in women with GDM is unclear. BASIC PROCEDURES Data on 1049 pregnant women who developed GDM were collected from a university teaching hospital in China and retrospectively analyzed. Data included maternal BMI, weight gain, incidence of LGA and gestational week at diagnosis. MAIN FINDINGS The incidence of LGA infants was significantly associated with maternal BMI (p=0.0002) in women with GDM. The odds of delivery of LGA for obese or overweight pregnant women are 3.8 or 2 times more than normal weight pregnant women. The incidence of LGA infants was also significantly associated with maternal weight gain in women with GDM. The odds ratio of delivery of LGA for pregnant women with excessive weight gain was 3.3 times more than pregnant women with normal weight gain. The effect of weight gain was not significantly different between different maternal BMI. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION The incidence of delivery of LGA infants in Chinese women with GDM who were overweight or obese is higher than Caucasians, Hispanic, and Asian-Americans. The effects of maternal BMI and weight gain on the delivery of LGA infants by women with GDM are additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Tong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L Yu
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A C Lee
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y F Gao
- The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhao
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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