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Balkaya H, Demirbuğa S, Dayan S. An experimental teeth bleaching agent containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38623067 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to obtain an experimental bleaching agent by adding casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in order to eliminate the mineral loss on the tooth surface after bleaching and to evaluate the bleaching effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, experimental bleaching agents containing 1%, 3% CPP-ACP and without CPP-ACP were obtained. Bleaching effectiveness (color change), the effect of bleaching agents on mineral content (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), surface morphology (scanning electron microscope), and surface hardness of enamel (Vicker's microhardness) before and after bleaching were evaluated. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS When the bleaching levels of the groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between the control and 1% CPP-ACP groups (p > 0.05) while the addition of 3% CPP-ACP decreased significantly the effectiveness of the bleaching agent (p < 0.05). When the effects of experimental bleaching agents on surface hardness were examined, while the enamel surface hardness decreased statistically significantly after application in the control group (p < 0.05), no statistically significant change was observed in surface hardness after the application of 1% CPP-ACP containing bleaching agent (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant increase was observed in surface hardness after the application of 3% CPP-ACP containing bleaching agent (p < 0.05). When the Ca and P ratio of the groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between the control and 1% CPP-ACP groups (p > 0.05), while they increased significantly in 3% CPP-ACP group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of 1% CPP-ACP to the bleaching agent had positive effects on the mineral content and surface hardness of the enamel, and did not negatively affect the whitening effectiveness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Adding CPP-ACP to the bleaching agent at appropriate concentrations can eliminate possible negative effects without compromising the effectiveness of the bleaching agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Balkaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sezer Demirbuğa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dayan
- Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Dilworth J, Million WC, Ruggeri M, Hall ER, Dungan AM, Muller EM, Kenkel CD. Synergistic response to climate stressors in coral is associated with genotypic variation in baseline expression. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232447. [PMID: 38531406 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As environments are rapidly reshaped due to climate change, phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in the ability of organisms to persist and is considered an especially important acclimatization mechanism for long-lived sessile organisms such as reef-building corals. Often, this ability of a single genotype to display multiple phenotypes depending on the environment is modulated by changes in gene expression, which can vary in response to environmental changes via two mechanisms: baseline expression and expression plasticity. We used transcriptome-wide expression profiling of eleven genotypes of common-gardened Acropora cervicornis to explore genotypic variation in the expression response to thermal and acidification stress, both individually and in combination. We show that the combination of these two stressors elicits a synergistic gene expression response, and that both baseline expression and expression plasticity in response to stress show genotypic variation. Additionally, we demonstrate that frontloading of a large module of coexpressed genes is associated with greater retention of algal symbionts under combined stress. These results illustrate that variation in the gene expression response of individuals to climate change stressors can persist even when individuals have shared environmental histories, affecting their performance under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Ruggeri
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nabil M, Hasan MM, Shebl EAE. Effect of antioxidant on tooth sensitivity after bleaching. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:429-436. [PMID: 38130089 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of antioxidant (sodium ascorbate) on tooth sensitivity after two in-office bleaching techniques (light-activated and chemical bleaching). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients aged 18-25 were bleached in four groups according to bleaching materials and/or antioxidant used. Group A: Maxillary right quadrant received light-activated bleaching with antioxidant. Group B: Maxillary left quadrant received light-activated bleaching without antioxidant. Group C: Mandibular right quadrant received chemical bleaching without antioxidant. Group D: Mandibular left quadrant received chemical bleaching with antioxidant. The tooth sensitivity was recorded using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Schiff Scale (SS) immediately after treatment, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month follow-up periods. RESULTS Group B exhibited higher sensitivity values than Group A. This difference was statistically significant on the first day after treatment (p = 0.027* in NRS and p = 0.046* in SS). Furthermore, antioxidant incorporation in Group D led to a reduction in teeth sensitivity values compared to Group C. This disparity was highly significant on the first day after treatment (p = 0.001* in NRS and p < 0.001** in SS). CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant (10% sodium ascorbate) reduces the intensity of tooth sensitivity at the different follow-up periods, especially after 1 day from bleaching. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using 10% sodium ascorbate after bleaching is advisable to reduce post-operative tooth sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mohamed Hasan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd Elghany Shebl
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Kamat S, Malgundkar NH, Gupta D, Kamat M. Effect of herbal antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel at different time intervals. J Conserv Dent Endod 2024; 27:321-325. [PMID: 38634032 PMCID: PMC11019807 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_41_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Anterior tooth discolorations can be treated conservatively and noninvasively through bleaching to achieve the desired esthetic outcomes. However, bleaching along with composite resin is advisable for certain clinical cases for optimum results. However, shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to the bleached tooth gets significantly lowered. Before placing the composite restoration, the bleached enamel needs to be treated with antioxidant agents to increase its SBS. The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of herbal antioxidants on SBS of composite resin to bleached enamel at different time intervals. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted single-rooted maxillary incisors postdecoronation, keeping their labial surfaces up were mounted in cold-cure acrylic resin. The samples were randomly divided into: Group I - unbleached; Group II - 10% pine bark extract for 10 min postbleaching; Group III - 10% pine bark extract for 20 min postbleaching; Group IV - application of 10% rosemary extract for 10 min postbleaching, Group V - application of 10% rosemary extract for 20 min postbleaching; Group VI - no application of antioxidant. 35% hydrogen peroxide was used for bleaching all the samples except those which served as negative control. Later composite cylinder 4 mm in diameter and length were built on prepared enamel. The maximum load at failure was recorded using the universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Tukey's t-test with significance level of P < 0.05. Results Highest load was exhibited by Group I. Group V showed satisfactory shear strength followed by Groups IV, III, II, and VI. Conclusion Both 10% rosemary and 10% pine bark extracts showed better results when applied for 20 min as compared to 10 min application. Increased duration of antioxidant application increases the SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kamat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
| | | | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. Y. Patil Dental School, Dr. D. Y. Patil Knowledge City, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mamata Kamat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
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Kavoor S, Ranjini MA, Aziz NA, Ashok HK, Nadig RR. In vitro evaluation of the effect of addition of biomaterials to carbamide peroxide on the bleaching efficacy and microhardness of enamel. J Conserv Dent Endod 2024; 27:310-314. [PMID: 38634034 PMCID: PMC11019809 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_310_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Teeth bleaching, although considered safe and conservative, cause microscopic changes in the tooth structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bleaching efficacy of carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel when modified with the incorporation of bioactive glass (BG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) and its effect on enamel microhardness. Materials and Methods Forty-five maxillary incisors were decoronated, artificially stained and mounted in acrylic. The samples were divided into three groups of 15 each and subjected to the following bleaching protocol for 8 h/day at 37°C for 2 weeks: Group 1 - 16% CP, Group 2 - CP modified with BG, and Group 3 - CP modified with hydroxyapatite (HA). Spectrophotometric color assessment using CIE L*a*b* system and Vickers microhardness were assessed before and after bleaching. Data were analyzed using Student's paired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. Results There was a significant change in color (L*a*b*) in all the three groups when compared to the baseline values. However, no significant difference in the total color change (ΔE) was observed between the three groups. Enamel microhardness reduced significantly in the CP group, whereas it increased in the BG and HA group after bleaching. Scanning electron microscopy images of BG and HA groups showed crystalline deposits suggesting mineral deposition. Conclusion Addition of biomaterials can be a beneficial alternative to bleaching with CP alone, considering the increase in microhardness without hindering the bleaching action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Kavoor
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. A. Ranjini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naval Abdul Aziz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. K. Ashok
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa R. Nadig
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sugai R, Kobayashi M, Niizuma Y, Mizukami H, Koyasu M, Shiba T, Kitahara N, Manabe A. Color stability of bleached tooth enamel brushed with different stain-removing toothpastes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:484-493. [PMID: 37933985 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of four toothpastes on the color stability of in-office bleached tooth specimens were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated an experimental toothpaste (EXP) and three commercially available toothpastes: Colgate Optic White (OPW), Aquafresh White & Protect (AWP), and Crest 3D White (CDW). OPW, AWP, and CDW contained inorganic abrasives, whereas EXP and AWP contained sodium polyphosphate. Forty-eight randomly selected human-extracted maxillary central incisors were bleached and brushed twice daily over 30 days. We analyzed the final color difference (ΔE*ab, ΔE00 , ΔWID ), arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) of the enamel measured on days 0 and 30, and scanning electron microscopy images of enamel surfaces and toothpastes. ΔE*ab, ΔE00 , ΔWID , and Ra were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS ΔE*ab and ΔE00 values were significantly lower after toothbrushing with EXP, OPW, and CDW than with AWP. OPW induced the greatest positive ΔWID . Ra was significantly increased by OPW and CDW, but slightly increased by AWP, with cube-like particles, and EXP, with no particle-like structures. CONCLUSIONS Only EXP stabilized the color of bleached teeth without increasing the enamel surface roughness. Sodium polyphosphate with approximately 10 phosphate groups was effective at removing stains. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The effect of toothpaste on the color stability of bleached teeth depends on the constituting abrasives and chemical components. Polyphosphoric acid has different stain-removal effects depending on its degree of polymerization. Additionally, although certain types of abrasives may be effective for color stability, they also increase the surface roughness of the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sugai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Niizuma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizukami
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koyasu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Shiba
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitahara
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Manabe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Carbonne C, Comeau S, Plichon K, Schaub S, Gattuso JP, Teixidó N. Response of two temperate scleractinian corals to projected ocean warming and marine heatwaves. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231683. [PMID: 38545609 PMCID: PMC10966389 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of global change, particularly exposed to ocean warming and the increasing occurrence of marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, experiments based on long-term temperature data from the field are scarce. Here, we investigate the response of the zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa and the azooxanthellate coral Astroides calycularis to future warming and MHWs based on 8 years of in situ data. Corals were maintained in the laboratory for five months under four temperature conditions: Warming (3.2°C above the in situ mean from 2012 to 2020), Heatwave (temperatures of 2018 with two heatwaves), Ambient (in situ mean) and Cool (deeper water temperatures). Under the Warming treatment, some C. caespitosa colonies severely bleached and A. calycularis colonies presented necrosis. Cladocora caespitosa symbiosis was impaired by temperature with a decrease in the density of endosymbiotic algae and an increase in per cent whiteness in all the treatments except for the coolest. Recovery for both species was observed through different mechanisms such as regrowth of polyps of A. calycularis and recovery of pigmentation for C. caespitosa. These results suggest that A. calycularis and C. caespitosa may be resilient to heat stress and can recover from physiological stresses caused by heatwaves in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Carbonne
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Steeve Comeau
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Keyla Plichon
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- MSc MARRES, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis Campus, Nice06103, France
| | - Sébastien Schaub
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, Paris75007, France
| | - Núria Teixidó
- CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 181 chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer, Monaco06230, France
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Centre, Punta San Pietro, Ischia, Naples80077, Italy
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Uppalapati V, Antony JM, Singh P, Varghese TP, Dutta SD, Shashank K, Mustafa M. Assessment of the Micro-Tensile Strength of the Composites for the Various Antioxidants: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S156-S158. [PMID: 38595474 PMCID: PMC11000991 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_433_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The application of the antioxidants after the teeth are bleached has been advocated to fasten the restorative process post-bleaching. The motive of this study was to examine and assess the micro-tensile binding strength of bleached enamel to the resin using a variety of antioxidant solutions. Finding the reason for the tooth fracture was the secondary outcome measured. Materials and Methods An in vitro study was planned with 100 human extracted teeth, with 20 in each group with one as controls and 4 others tested for the antioxidants sodium ascorbate, epigallocatechin gallate, chitosan, and proanthocyanidin application. The bond strength of bleached enamel to the resin was well as the failure type was assessed after the values were noted and compared using the ANOVA and Tukey's methods keeping P < 0.05 as significant. Results Epigallocatechin gallate specimens displayed the maximum micro-tensile bond strength under the investigational circumstances, whereas controls displayed the lowest micro-tensile bond strength. There was statistical alteration in micro-tensile bond strengths between all the groups except between epigallocatechin gallate vs chitosan and sodium ascorbate vs proanthocyanidin. High statistical significance was seen between the control and the antioxidant groups as well as between sodium ascorbate and epigallocatechin gallate and chitosan. Conclusion The antioxidant chemicals significantly augmented the bond strength of bleached enamel to the resin that had been bleached. Also, when compared to the other experimental groups, epigallocatechin gallate and chitosan treatment displayed the greatest mean bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaja Uppalapati
- Consultant Conservative Dentist and Endodontics, Malakpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jasmine M. Antony
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tom P. Varghese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Smita D. Dutta
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Shashank
- Department of Dentistry, Ayaan Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanakamamidi, Moinabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nakatani H, Uchiyama T, Motokucho S, Dao ATN, Kim HJ, Yagi M, Kyozuka Y. Differences in the Residual Behavior of a Bumetrizole-Type Ultraviolet Light Absorber during the Degradation of Various Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:293. [PMID: 38276701 PMCID: PMC10819654 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The alteration of an ultraviolet light absorber (UVA: UV-326) in polymers (PP, HDPE, LDPE, PLA, and PS) over time during degradation was studied using an enhanced degradation method (EDM) involving sulfate ion radicals in seawater. The EDM was employed to homogeneously degrade the entire polymer samples containing the UVA. The PP and PS samples containing 5-phr (phr: per hundred resin) UVA films underwent rapid whitening, characterized by the formation of numerous grooves or crushed particles. Notably, the UVA loss rate in PS, with the higher glass transition temperature (Tg), was considerably slower. The behavior of crystalline polymers, with the exception of PS, was analogous in terms of the change in UVA loss rate over the course of degradation. The significant increase in the initial loss rate observed during EDM degradation was due to microplasticization. A similar increase in microplasticization rate occurred with PS; however, the intermolecular interaction between UVA and PS did not result in as pronounced an increase in loss rate as observed in other polymers. Importantly, the chemical structure of UVA remained unaltered during EDM degradation. These findings revealed that the primary cause of UVA loss was leaching from the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Nakatani
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (T.U.); (S.M.); (A.T.N.D.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Taishi Uchiyama
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (T.U.); (S.M.); (A.T.N.D.)
| | - Suguru Motokucho
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (T.U.); (S.M.); (A.T.N.D.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (T.U.); (S.M.); (A.T.N.D.)
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mitsuharu Yagi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yusaku Kyozuka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
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Di Foggia M, Taddei P, Boga C, Nocentini B, Micheletti G. Interactions between Damaged Hair Keratin and Juglone as a Possible Restoring Agent: A Vibrational and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Molecules 2024; 29:320. [PMID: 38257235 PMCID: PMC10819223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Juglone, a quinonic compound present in walnut extracts, was proposed as a restoring agent for hair keratin treated with permanent or discoloration processes. The proposed mechanism of restoration by juglone involves the formation of a Michael adduct between the quinone and the thiol moieties of cysteine residues. To this purpose, the first part of the present paper involved the spectroscopic study of the product of the reaction between juglone and N-acetyl-L-cysteine as a model compound. IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) monitored the chemical and morphological variations induced by applying juglone to hair keratin. In order to simulate the most common hair treatments (i.e., permanent and discoloration), juglone was applied to hair that had been previously treated with a reducing agent, i.e., methyl thioglycolate (MT) or with bleaching agents (based on hydrogen peroxide and persulfates) followed by sodium hydrogen sulfite. IR spectroscopy allowed us to monitor the formation of Michael adducts between juglone and cysteine residues: the Michael adducts' content was related to the cysteine content of the samples. In fact, MT and sodium hydrogen sulfite favored the reduction of the disulfide bonds and increased the content of free cysteine residues, which can react with juglone. SEM analyses confirmed the trend observed by IR spectroscopy since hair samples treated with juglone adopted a more regular hair surface and more imbricated scales, thus supporting the possible use of juglone as a restoring agent for damaged hair keratins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Foggia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paola Taddei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
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Elrashid AH, Alsarh SA, Alotaibi DS, Albaqami MA, Algadhi SK, Alfaraj RA, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Microleakage effect of in-office bleaching on two types of nanohybrid composites with or without surface sealer. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:787-798. [PMID: 37483036 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleaching is a highly common method used nowadays to treat tooth discolouration because it is a significant cosmetic issue, particularly with anterior teeth, however bleaching itself results in microleakage. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of in-office bleaching on class V restoration microleakage with type 1 and type 2 composite restorations. METHODS Three hundred and twenty healthy, caries-free removed human anterior teeth were used in this in-vitro study. All extracted teeth had their buccal and lingual surfaces uniformly prepped for class V cavities. The 120 removed teeth were divided into two groups, with Group 1 receiving Tetric N-Ceram nanohybrid composite restorations and Group 2 receiving 3 M Filtek Z350 XT nanohybrid composite restorations. Groups 1 and 2 were further broken into four more subgroups of four each. The restorations were sealed with a G-Coat Plus resin. The p-value was kept at 0.005 for the data analysis using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Allocating microleakage among 320 study models revealed that 141 (44.1%) study samples had no microleakage, whereas 20 (6.3%), 54 (16.9%), and 105 (32.8%) study samples had microleakage up to, between, and greater than two-thirds of cavity depth. With a statistically significant p-value of 0.001, no microleakage was discovered in 85 (53.1%) lingual surfaces with Tetric N-Ceram nanohybrid composite restoration and 56 (35%) buccal surfaces with 3M Filtek Z350 XT nanohybrid composite restoration. 19.1% of samples of N-Ceram that were sealed and not bleached had no microleakage, according to analysis of microleakage across several groups. With a p-value of 0.001, the distribution of microleakage among various clusters was statistically notable. CONCLUSION According to the findings of the study, hydrogen peroxide bleaching has an enhanced impact on micro escape during dye dispersion. Both with and without bleaching, resin coating can be utilised to minimise marginal microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra Hassan Elrashid
- Restorative Department of Dentistry, Annamuthajiah Campus, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Reham Ahmad Alfaraj
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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12
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Pournaghiazar F, Kimyai S, Motiei M. Effects of Different Light-Assisted Power Bleaching Techniques on the Penetration of Hydrogen Peroxide into the Pulp Chamber. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:583-589. [PMID: 37768829 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In-office bleaching is one of the most commonly used procedures for discolored tooth treatment. Although the efficacy of tooth bleaching has been investigated, depending on the applied technique and the used materials, bleaching procedures might irritate the tooth pulp and induce surface changes in enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different bleaching techniques on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber. Materials and methods: Seventy-two single-rooted sound human teeth were used. The samples were prepared and evaluated in four groups. Group 1: 35% HP gel alone (HP Gel); group 2: Nd:YAG laser (0.25 W and 10 Hz with a fiber tip size of 200 μm) irradiation was added (HP Gel+laser); group 3: HP gel mixed with graphite particles (10th of millimeter in size) derived from crashed pencil lead in association with Nd:YAG laser (HP Gel+laser+graphite); and group 4: HP gel in association with light-emitting diode (LED) (litex 686, 50 Hz, 450-490 nm) (HP Gel+LED). The amount of HP penetrating into the pulp chamber was evaluated using acetate buffer and standard graphs. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS 17. Post hoc Tukey test was used for between-group comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: Statistical analyses showed that the HP Gel+laser+graphite group had significantly higher level of HP penetration than other groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, pulp chamber penetration of HP in the HP Gel+laser group was greater than the LED and control groups (p < 0.001). The difference between control and LED groups was not significant (p = 0.99). Conclusions: Laser bleaching associated with HP Gel and graphite particles resulted in increased penetration of HP into the pulp chamber compared with the LED and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soodabeh Kimyai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Motiei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Meyvisch P, Mertens KN, Gurdebeke PR, Sandt C, Pospelova V, Vrielinck H, Borondics F, Louwye S. Does dinocyst wall composition really reflect trophic affinity? New evidence from ATR micro-FTIR spectroscopy measurements. J Phycol 2023; 59:1064-1084. [PMID: 37623312 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection (ATR) microscope Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the dinosporin composition in the walls of modern, organic-walled dinoflagellate resting cysts (dinocysts). Variable cyst wall compositions were observed, which led to the erection of four spectrochemical groups, some with striking similarities to other resistant biomacromolecules such as sporopollenin and algaenan. Furthermore, possible proxies derivable from the spectrochemical composition of modern and fossil dinocysts were discussed. The color of the dinocyst walls was reflected in the spectral data. When comparing that color with a standard and the results of a series of bleaching experiments with oxidative agents, eumelanin was assigned as a likely pigment contributing to the observed color. Following this assignment, the role of eumelanin as an ultraviolet sunscreen in colored dinocysts was hypothesized, and its implications on the autofluorescence and morphological preservation of dinocysts were further discussed. Unlike what had previously been assumed, it was shown that micro-FTIR data from dinocysts cannot be used to unambiguously infer trophic affinities of their associated cells. Finally, using methods with high spatial resolutions (synchrotron transmission micro-FTIR and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy), it was shown that dinocyst wall layers are chemically homogenous at the probed scales. This study fills a large knowledge gap in our understanding of the chemical nature of dinocyst walls and has nuanced certain assumptions and interpretations made in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vera Pospelova
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henk Vrielinck
- Department of Solid-State Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Tahir A, Caratela N, Niazi F, Ilyas N. Aesthetic management of discoloured incisors in children. Prim Dent J 2023; 12:83-90. [PMID: 37705478 DOI: 10.1177/20501684231197261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Children can often present with discolouration of their teeth, commonly affecting their permanent maxillary central incisors. These opacities can often cause children to suffer with psychosocial and confidence related issues. With long waiting lists in secondary care, many children may face increased waiting times to receive aesthetic dental treatment. It is important that the dental professional is aware of the different causes of discolouration, the possible treatment options and when to consider a referral to secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Tahir
- Aiman Tahir BDS (Hons), MFDS RCSEd Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeela Caratela BDS (Hons), MFDS RCS (Glas) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry/Oral Surgery Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Fatima Niazi BDS (Hons), BSc (Hons) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeel Ilyas BDS (KCL), MFDS RCS (Glas), PgCert (MedEd), MSc (KCL) M(Paed Dent) RCPS (Ed) FDS (PaedDent) Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nabeela Caratela
- Aiman Tahir BDS (Hons), MFDS RCSEd Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeela Caratela BDS (Hons), MFDS RCS (Glas) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry/Oral Surgery Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Fatima Niazi BDS (Hons), BSc (Hons) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeel Ilyas BDS (KCL), MFDS RCS (Glas), PgCert (MedEd), MSc (KCL) M(Paed Dent) RCPS (Ed) FDS (PaedDent) Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fatima Niazi
- Aiman Tahir BDS (Hons), MFDS RCSEd Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeela Caratela BDS (Hons), MFDS RCS (Glas) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry/Oral Surgery Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Fatima Niazi BDS (Hons), BSc (Hons) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeel Ilyas BDS (KCL), MFDS RCS (Glas), PgCert (MedEd), MSc (KCL) M(Paed Dent) RCPS (Ed) FDS (PaedDent) Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nabeel Ilyas
- Aiman Tahir BDS (Hons), MFDS RCSEd Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeela Caratela BDS (Hons), MFDS RCS (Glas) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry/Oral Surgery Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Fatima Niazi BDS (Hons), BSc (Hons) Dental Core Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Nabeel Ilyas BDS (KCL), MFDS RCS (Glas), PgCert (MedEd), MSc (KCL) M(Paed Dent) RCPS (Ed) FDS (PaedDent) Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Pirozzi A, Olivieri F, Castaldo R, Gentile G, Donsì F. Cellulose Isolation from Tomato Pomace: Part II-Integrating High-Pressure Homogenization in a Cascade Hydrolysis Process for the Recovery of Nanostructured Cellulose and Bioactive Molecules. Foods 2023; 12:3221. [PMID: 37685154 PMCID: PMC10487015 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a biorefinery approach for utilizing tomato pomace (TP) through a top-down deconstructing strategy, combining mild chemical hydrolysis with high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The objective of the study is to isolate cellulose pulp using different combinations of chemical and physical processes: (i) direct HPH treatment of the raw material, (ii) HPH treatment following acid hydrolysis, and (iii) HPH treatment following alkaline hydrolysis. The results demonstrate that these isolation routes enable the production of cellulose with tailored morphological properties from TP with higher yields (up to +21% when HPH was applied before hydrolysis and approximately +6% when applied after acid or after alkaline hydrolysis). Additionally, the side streams generated by this cascade process show a four-fold increase in phenolic compounds when HPH is integrated after acid hydrolysis compared to untreated sample, and they also contain nanoparticles composed of hemicellulose and lignin, as shown by FT-IR and SEM. Notably, the further application of HPH treatment enables the production of nanostructured cellulose from cellulose pulp derived from TP, offering tunable properties. This approach presents a sustainable pathway for the extraction of cellulose and nanocellulose, as well as the valorization of value-added compounds found in residual biomass in the form of side streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Pirozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Federico Olivieri
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, National research Council of Italy, IPCB CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.O.); (R.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, National research Council of Italy, IPCB CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.O.); (R.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, National research Council of Italy, IPCB CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.O.); (R.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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16
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Bolat F, Ghitman J, Necolau MI, Vasile E, Iovu H. A Comparative Study of the Impact of the Bleaching Method on the Production and Characterization of Cotton-Origin Nanocrystalline Cellulose by Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3446. [PMID: 37631504 PMCID: PMC10458172 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, as well as its exceptional physical and mechanical capabilities, biodegradability, and optical and barrier qualities, nanocellulose has drawn a lot of interest as a source of reinforcing materials that are nanometer sized. This article focuses on how to manufacture cellulose nanomaterials from cotton by using different types of acids such as H2SO4 and HCI in different concentrations and in the presence of enzymes such as cellulase and xylanase. Two different types of bleaching methods were used before acid and enzyme hydrolysis. In the first method, cellulose was extracted by bleaching the cotton with H2O2. In the second method, NaOCl was utilized. For both methods, different concentrations of acids and enzymes were used to isolate nanocellulose materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) at different temperatures. All obtained nanocellulose materials were analyzed through different techniques such as FT-IR, Zeta potentials, DLS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, XRD, and SEM. The characteristic signals related to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were confirmed with the aid of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. According to the XRD results, the samples' crystallinity percentages range from 54.1% to 63.2%. The SEM image showed that long fibers break down into small fibers and needle-like features are seen on the surface of the fibers. Using different types of bleaching has no significant effect on the thermal stability of samples. The results demonstrate a successful method for synthesizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from cotton through enzymatic hydrolysis, but the results also demonstrated that the choice of bleaching method has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic properties and crystallinity of both CNC and CNF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Bolat
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (F.B.); (J.G.); (M.I.N.)
| | - Jana Ghitman
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (F.B.); (J.G.); (M.I.N.)
| | - Madalina Ioana Necolau
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (F.B.); (J.G.); (M.I.N.)
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Oxide Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (F.B.); (J.G.); (M.I.N.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Lukáčová A, Lihanová D, Beck T, Alberty R, Vešelényiová D, Krajčovič J, Vesteg M. The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1734. [PMID: 37629591 PMCID: PMC10455851 DOI: 10.3390/life13081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with various commercial uses, is a major pollutant in industrial wastewater. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. This protist has been widely used for monitoring the biological effect of various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants, including aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we evaluate the influence of different phenol concentrations (3.39 mM, 3.81 mM, 4.23 mM, 4.65 mM, 5.07 mM, 5.49 mM and 5.91 mM) on the growth, morphology and cell division of E. gracilis. The cell count continually decreases (p < 0.05-0.001) over time with increasing phenol concentration. While phenol treatment does not induce bleaching (permanent loss of photosynthesis), the morphological changes caused by phenol include the formation of spherical (p < 0.01-0.001), hypertrophied (p < 0.05) and monster cells (p < 0.01) and lipofuscin bodies. Phenol also induces an atypical form of cell division of E. gracilis, simultaneously producing more than 2 (3-12) viable cells from a single cell. Such atypically dividing cells have a symmetric "star"-like shape. The percentage of atypically dividing cells increases (p < 0.05) with increasing phenol concentration. Our findings suggest that E. gracilis can be used as bioindicator of phenol contamination in freshwater habitats and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lukáčová
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (T.B.)
| | - Diana Lihanová
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (T.B.)
| | - Terézia Beck
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (T.B.)
| | - Roman Alberty
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (T.B.)
| | - Dominika Vešelényiová
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Krajčovič
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vesteg
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (T.B.)
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18
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Klunklin W, Hinmo S, Thipchai P, Rachtanapun P. Effect of Bleaching Processes on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Cellulose and Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Young and Mature Coconut Coir. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3376. [PMID: 37631434 PMCID: PMC10459695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of cellulose and CMC synthesized from young and mature coconut coir with different bleaching times (bleaching for the first time; 1 BT, bleaching for a second time; 2 BT, and bleaching for the third time; 3 BT) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The surface morphology, structural information, chemical compositions, and crystallinity of both cellulose and CMC were determined. H2O2 bleaching can support delignification by reducing hemicellulose and lignin, as evidenced by FTIR showing a sharp peak at wave number 1260 cm-1. The cellulose and CMC from coconut coir can be more dispersed and have greater functional characteristics with increasing bleaching times due to the change in accessibility of hydroxyl groups in the structure. The CMC diffraction patterns of coconut coir after the bleaching process showed the destruction of the crystalline region of the original cellulose. The SEM images showed that the surface of CMC was smoother than that of cellulose. The CMCy had a higher water holding capacity (WHC) compared to the CMCm as the bleaching can increase interaction between the polymer and water molecules. Therefore, the best quality of CMC corresponds to CMCy. Based on these findings, bleaching time has a strong effect on the functional properties of cellulose and CMC from coconut coir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warinporn Klunklin
- Division of Marine Product Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sasina Hinmo
- Master of Science Program in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Parichat Thipchai
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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19
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Lima CRRC, Lima RJS, Bandeira ACC, Couto RAA, Velasco MVR, Bordallo HN, Oliveira CLP. Alterations promoted by acid straightening and/or bleaching in hair microstructures. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1002-1014. [PMID: 37555227 PMCID: PMC10405601 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hair is a biopolymer constituted mainly of keratin intermediate filaments, lipids, pigments and water. Cosmetic treatments usually interact with the hair at the molecular level, inducing changes in its components and modifying the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the fibers. Here, the effect of acid straightening on the morphology and ultrastructure of Caucasian hair was investigated by a group of complementary experimental methods: wide-, small- and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; high-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy; quasi-elastic neutron scattering and inelastic neutron scattering; thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry; and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray diffraction patterns showed that acid straightening associated with a flat iron (∼180°C) changed the cortex of the fiber, shown by denaturation of the intermediate filaments (measured by DSC). The increase in the spacing of the lipid layers and the observation of the dehydration behavior of the fiber provided indications that water may be confined between these layers, while neutron spectroscopy showed alterations in the vibration mode of the CH2 groups of the lipids and an increase of the proton (H+) mobility in the hair structure. The latter may be associated with the extremely low pH of the formulation (pH ≃ 1). Additionally, this investigation showed that bleached hair (one-time bleached) is more damaged by the action of acid straightening than virgin hair, which was shown by a threefold increase in the percentage of total porosity of the tresses. The obtained results demonstrate that the investigation approach proposed here can provide very important thermodynamic and structural information on induced changes of hair structure, and certainly can be applied for the evaluation of the action mode and efficiency of cosmetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. R. C. Lima
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - R. J. S. Lima
- Academic Unit of Physics, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. C. C. Bandeira
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - R. A. A. Couto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. V. R. Velasco
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - H. N. Bordallo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, PO Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C. L. P. Oliveira
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
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20
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Chino M, La Gatta S, Leone L, De Fenza M, Lombardi A, Pavone V, Maglio O. Dye Decolorization by a Miniaturized Peroxidase Fe-MimochromeVI*a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11070. [PMID: 37446248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidases and peroxidases have found application in the field of chlorine-free organic dye degradation in the paper, toothpaste, and detergent industries. Nevertheless, their widespread use is somehow hindered because of their cost, availability, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. Here, we report the catalytic proficiency of a miniaturized synthetic peroxidase, Fe-Mimochrome VI*a, in the decolorization of four organic dyes, as representatives of either the heterocyclic or triarylmethane class of dyes. Fe-Mimochrome VI*a performed over 130 turnovers in less than five minutes in an aqueous buffer at a neutral pH under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Gatta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Sirati ZC, Gharachorloo M, Ghomi Marzdashti H, Azizinezhad R. Production of partially hydrogenated soybean oil with low trans-fatty acids using surface dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231186172. [PMID: 37394750 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231186172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of applying surface dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (SDBDCP) to partially hydrogenate crude soybean oil. The oil sample was treated for 13 h using SDBDCP at 15 kV with 100% hydrogen gas under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Fatty acid composition, iodine value, refractive index, carotenoid content, melting point, peroxide value, and free fatty acids content (FFA) were investigated during SDBDCP treatment. Analysis of fatty acid composition demonstrated an increase in the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (from 41.32% to 55.3%) and a decrease in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (from 58.62% to 40.98%), which resulted in a reduction of the iodine value to 98.49 over the treatment time. Also, the fatty acid profile indicated that the total detected level of trans-fatty acids was very low (0.79%). After a 13-h treatment, the samples showed a refractive index of 1.4637, melting point of 10°C, peroxide value of 4.1 meq/kg, and FFA content of 0.8%. In addition, the results revealed a 71% decline in the carotenoid content of the oil sample due to the saturation of their double bonds. Therefore, these findings suggest that SDBDCP can be effectively used for hydrogenation along with bleaching oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Chahardehi Sirati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharachorloo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Azizinezhad
- Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Deepak VA, Kovelakar E, Chacko PK, Kandikatla P, Kumari L, Varma PK. Comparison of the Bleached and Non-Bleached Teeth for the Adhesive Boosters for the Orthodontic Bonding: An Original Research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S171-S174. [PMID: 37654401 PMCID: PMC10466526 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_445_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bleaching of the teeth is known to reduce the bonding of the orthodontic brackets. Hence, this in vitro study was piloted to analyze if there was any variance between the teeth that were and were not bleached when the adhesive boosters were used and for its effect on the shear bond strength. Materials and Procedures Hundred premolars (maxillary) that had been excised were randomly split into two groups: bleached teeth and unbleached teeth. The bleaching agent was gel composed of 22% carbamide peroxide. Maxillary premolar brackets were bonded, and each group was subdivided as control and adhesive booster Enhance LC groups. A universal testing device was used for debonding. The SBS thus recorded was compared for the subgroups and groups. Results Significant variance was obtained for between the groups and between the subgroups. Higher bond strength was for the non-bleached teeth than the bleached teeth and was seen in the adhesive booster subgroup than the control group. Conclusion In summary, adhesive boosters dramatically raised the shear bond strength of teeth irrespective of the bleaching. Further in vivo studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arun Deepak
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Othopeadics, R. V. S. Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ekavenika Kovelakar
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, KIMS Dental College, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prince K. Chacko
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Chattiparambu, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Pradeep Kandikatla
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lalima Kumari
- Dentist, Primary Health Center, Health Department, Govt. of Bihar, Dobhi, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Praveen K. Varma
- Department of Orthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Richards TJ, McGuigan K, Aguirre JD, Humanes A, Bozec YM, Mumby PJ, Riginos C. Moving beyond heritability in the search for coral adaptive potential. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3869-3882. [PMID: 37310164 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change is happening at unprecedented rates. Coral reefs are among the ecosystems most threatened by global change. For wild populations to persist, they must adapt. Knowledge shortfalls about corals' complex ecological and evolutionary dynamics, however, stymie predictions about potential adaptation to future conditions. Here, we review adaptation through the lens of quantitative genetics. We argue that coral adaptation studies can benefit greatly from "wild" quantitative genetic methods, where traits are studied in wild populations undergoing natural selection, genomic relationship matrices can replace breeding experiments, and analyses can be extended to examine genetic constraints among traits. In addition, individuals with advantageous genotypes for anticipated future conditions can be identified. Finally, genomic genotyping supports simultaneous consideration of how genetic diversity is arrayed across geographic and environmental distances, providing greater context for predictions of phenotypic evolution at a metapopulation scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Richards
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Katrina McGuigan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J David Aguirre
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yves-Marie Bozec
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Xu M, Cheng K, Xiao B, Tong M, Cai Z, Jong MC, Chen G, Zhou J. Bacterial Communities Vary from Different Scleractinian Coral Species and between Bleached and Non-Bleached Corals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0491022. [PMID: 37191552 PMCID: PMC10269541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04910-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleaching is one of the most relevant factors implicated in the integrity of coral reef ecosystems, with the increasing frequency and intensity of damaging events representing a serious threat to reef biodiversity. Here, we analyzed changes in coral-associated bacteria from three types of non-bleached and bleached scleractinian corals (Acropora digitifera, Galaxea fascicularis, and Porites pukoensis) in Hainan Luhuitou peninsula coastal areas. The community structure of symbiotic bacteria differed significantly among the three apparently healthy corals. The bleached corals had higher bacterial alpha diversity and some specific bacteria genera, including Ruegeria, Methyloceanibacter, Filomicrobium, Halioglobus, Rubripirellula, Rhodopirellula, Silicimonas, Blastopirellula, Sva0996 marine group, Woeseia, and unclassified_c_Gammaproteobacteria, were consistently increased in bleached groups. Network analysis revealed significantly different degrees of modularity between bleached and non-bleached groups at the bacterial genus level, and a higher proportion of links was dominated by positive co-occurrences. Functional prediction analysis illustrated that coral-associated bacteria remained relatively consistent in the bleached and non-bleached groups. Structure equation modeling revealed that the bacterial community diversity and function were directly influenced by host and environment factors. These findings suggested that coral-associated bacterial responses to bleaching occur in a host-dependent manner, informing novel strategies for restoring coral and aiding adaption to bleaching stress. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence indicates that coral-associated bacteria play an important role in the health of holobionts. However, the variability of the symbiotic bacterial community structure among coral species with different coral health statuses remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated three apparent non-bleached (healthy) and bleached coral species (sampled in situ), involving related symbiotic bacterial profiles, including composition, alpha diversity, network relationship, and potential function. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to analyze the relationship between coral status and abiotic and biotic factors. The bacterial community structure of different groups was shown to exhibit host-specific traits. Both host and environmental impacts had primary effects on coral-associated microbial communities. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanisms that mediate divergent microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Saeoweiang P, Charoenrat T, Aonbangkhen C, Chobpradit P, Techalertpaisarn P. One-Step Surface-Treatment Reagent (35% 3-O-Ethyl-l-ascorbic Acid Plus 50% Citric Acid Solution) Restores the Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets Bonded to Bleached Human Enamel: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050110. [PMID: 37232761 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how a new substance, composed of ethyl ascorbic acid and citric acid, affects the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets when bonded to bleached teeth. Forty maxillary premolar teeth were used and randomly placed into four groups (n = 10): the control group did not undergo bleaching; the remaining groups underwent bleached using 35% hydrogen peroxide. In group A, 37% phosphoric acid was applied after bleaching. In group B, 10% sodium ascorbate was used for ten minutes before 37% phosphoric acid. In group C, 35%3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid plus 50% citric acid solution (35EA/50CA) was applied for 5 min. The subgroups were bonded immediately after bleaching. The SBS was determined with a universal testing machine and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and then Tukey's HSD tests. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with a chi-squared test. The significance level was 0.05. Group C demonstrated significantly higher SBS values than group A (p < 0.001), but was not significantly different than the control group or group C (p > 0.05). The ARI scores were significantly different among the groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, enamel surface treatment using 35EA/50CA improved the reduced SBS to an acceptable clinical level and reduced the clinical chair time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichanee Saeoweiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanit Charoenrat
- Department of Orthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Chobpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Techalertpaisarn
- Department of Orthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ergucu Z, Yoruk I, Erdoğan A, Boyacıoğlu H, Hill R, Baysan A. The Use of Toothpastes Containing Different Formulations of Fluoride and Bioglass on Bleached Enamel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1368. [PMID: 36836998 PMCID: PMC9963374 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the application of toothpaste either containing calcium sodium phospho-silicate bioglass (NovaMin) or calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the surface mineral composition and morphology of enamel after bleaching procedure. Methods: Thirty extracted noncarious human teeth were allocated into five groups (n = 6). Group 1: Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and fluoridated toothpaste containing bioactive glass (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 2: Bleaching using 40%HP and toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (540 ppm fluoride). Group 3: Bleaching using 40%HP and fluoridated toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 4: Bleaching alone using 40%HP. Group 5: Negative control with distilled water alone. The surface morphology was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The concentration of elements as atomic percentages were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: This laboratory-based study reported that SPM and SEM detected minor changes on the surfaces of all toothpaste-treated enamel samples (Groups 1-3) after 45 days. Bioactive glass deposits were observed on enamel surfaces in Groups 1 and 2, whilst the bleaching-alone samples (Group 4) had rough enamel surfaces. XPS reported that toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (Group 2) had a high atomic% of calcium and phosphate, whilst silicon values were high in the toothpaste containing bioactive glass and 1450 ppm fluoride (Group 1) after bleaching procedure when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, EDS detected the highest %F in Groups 1, 2 and 5. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory-based study, there was no significant decrease in the Ca%, P% values and surface properties of enamel after the bleaching procedure following the use of different formulations of toothpastes for a period of 45 days. However, the Ca% and P% values were significantly high for the toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the bleached enamel. Clinical relevance: The bleaching process can provide optimum aesthetic outcomes, but the effect of peroxides on hard tissues is still in question. Toothpastes containing different formulations of fluoride and bioactive glass might have the potential to prevent mineral loss on bleached enamel. However, further laboratory-based studies and controlled double-blind randomised clinical trials are required to interpret the effects of toothpastes with different fluoride and bioactive glass formulations on enamel surfaces following bleaching procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ergucu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Inci Yoruk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Erdoğan
- Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE MATAL), Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hayal Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Robert Hill
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Aylin Baysan
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
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Hamdy TM, Abdelnabi A, Othman MS, Bayoumi RE, Abdelraouf RM. Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040815. [PMID: 36850099 PMCID: PMC9961015 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface microhardness and color stability of dental restorative material should be sustained throughout its functional lifetime to maintain the esthetic quality of the restoration. However, the frequent application of mouthwash may affect their surface microhardness and color stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of mouthwashes with different contents on surface microhardness and color stability of dental nanohybrid resin-based composite. METHODS Disc specimens of nanohybrid resin composite (Luna Nano-Hybrid Composite) were prepared according to manufacturing instructions; specimens were incubated for 24 h in three types of mouthwash (Chlorohexidine, Listerine Green Tea, and Colgate Optic White Whitening Mouthwash). Artificial saliva was used as a control group. Surface microhardness was evaluated using Vickers microhardness device. Color stability after and before immersion in the different mouthwashes was evaluated using extra-oral spectrophotometer; the values of color change (ΔE00) were subsequently calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference between microhardness of resin composite immersed in artificial saliva, CHX, and Green Tea mouthwashes (78.5, 78.4, and 73.5, respectively) (p ≥ 0.1), while the bleaching mouthwash led to the lowest microhardness of resin composite, with significant difference compared to the three previous immersion media (p = 0.002). Moreover, there were significant differences in the color changes (ΔE00) of resin composite exposed to the various immersion media (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The bleaching mouthwash led to a significant reduction in nanohybrid resin composite's microhardness compared to the chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes. The resin composite's color change was accepted in bleaching mouthwash but unaccepted in chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M. Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ali Abdelnabi
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Maha S. Othman
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Rania E. Bayoumi
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry (Girls), Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Guanipa Ortiz MI, dos Santos JJ, Burga Sánchez J, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB, Rischka K, Lima DANL. Calcium-Polyphosphate Submicroparticles (CaPP) Improvement Effect of the Experimental Bleaching Gels' Chemical and Cellular-Viability Properties. Gels 2023; 9:gels9010042. [PMID: 36661808 PMCID: PMC9857579 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop and characterize the chemical and cellular-viability properties of an experimental high-concentration bleaching gel (35 wt%-H2O2) containing calcium-polyphosphate particles (CaPP) at two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt%). The CaPP submicroparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation, keeping a Ca:P ratio of 2:1. The CaPP morphology, size, and chemical and crystal profiles were characterized through scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The assessed bleaching gels were experimental (without CaPP); 0.5% CaPP; 1.5% CaPP; and commercial. The gels’ pH values and H2O2 concentrations (iodometric titration) were determined. The odontoblast-like cell viability after a gel’s exposure was assessed by the MTT assay. The pH and H2O2 concentration were compared through a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey’s test and the cell viability through a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey’s test using a GraphPad Prism (α < 0.05). The CaPP particles were spherical (with Ca and P, 135.7 ± 80.95 nm size) and amorphous. The H2O2 concentration decreased in all groups after mixing (p < 0.001). The 0.5% CaPP resulted in more-stable pH levels and higher viability levels than the experimental one (p < 0.05). The successful incorporation of CaPP had a positive impact on the bleaching gel’s chemical and cellular-viability properties when compared to the experimental gel without these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Jarussi dos Santos
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Jonny Burga Sánchez
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
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Abduljalil M, Sakalli B, Basmaci F. Impact of different intraorifice barriers on fracture resistance of non-vital bleached teeth. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:95-101. [PMID: 36751830 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_511_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using different intraorifice barrier (IOB) materials. Materials and Methods The endodontic treatment was performed for 160 mandibular premolars, and then, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the IOB: Ionoseal, Biodentine, ProRoot MTA, and TheraBase. Then, these teeth were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the bleaching agents as distilled water (control), hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP), sodium perborate (SP), and carbamide peroxide 37% (CP). The access cavities were restored with composite resin after applying the bleaching agents for 7 days. The fracture resistance test was performed using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at 5%. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effect of bleaching agents on the surfaces of IOBs. Results The highest fracture resistance values were observed in Biodentine groups with significant differences compared to Ionoseal and ProRoot MTA (P <.05). The distilled water groups showed significantly the highest fracture resistance compared to SP and HP groups (P <.05). There was no significant difference between SP, HP, and CP groups (P >.05). It was demonstrated that the morphological surface of the intact IOBs (control) was different from the surface of IOBs treated with bleaching agents. Conclusion The intracoronal bleaching procedures affected negatively the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abduljalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - B Sakalli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - F Basmaci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
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Alshali RZ, AlQahtani MA, Bukhary DM, Alzahrani MA, Alsoraihi SS, Alqahtani MA. The effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic and hybrid ceramic materials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231152566. [PMID: 36785513 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231152566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic materials. METHODS The ceramic materials included IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate), VITA ENAMIC (polymer infiltrated ceramic), and Celtra Duo CAD (zirconia reinforced lithium silicate). Samples of each material were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10); a control group immersed in distilled water, the second and third groups were treated with 20% carbamide peroxide (20% CP) and 35% carbamide peroxide (35% CP) bleaching agents for 4 h/day and 60 min/day respectively for 7 days. The fourth group was treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide (40% HP) applied twice, each turn for 20 min. After treatment, the surface roughness (using 3D non-contact profilometry) and surface gloss were assessed followed by imaging with a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The surface roughness (p = 0.157) and gloss (p = 0.073) of IPS e.max CAD were not significantly affected by the different bleaching treatments. Similarly, no significant effect on surface roughness (p = 0.162) and gloss (p = 0.965) were shown for Celtra Duo CAD. On the other hand, VITA ENAMIC was significantly affected when treated with 20% CP and 35% CP showing increased roughness (p = 0.001) and gloss (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Home bleaching treatments (20% CP and 35% CP) significantly affected the surface roughness and gloss of VITA ENAMIC while IPS e.max CAD and Celtra Duo CAD were not affected by the different bleaching treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z Alshali
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlQahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalea M Bukhary
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mlak A Alzahrani
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alrefaie T, Abdou A, Almasabi W, Qi F, Nakamoto A, Nakajima M, Otsuki M, Shimada Y. Effect of Water Storage and Bleaching on Light Transmission Properties and Translucency of Nanofilled Flowable Composite. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:10. [PMID: 36614349 PMCID: PMC9821623 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of water sorption and bleaching on light transmission properties (Straight-light transmission (G0), Light diffusion (DF) and Amount of transmitted light (AV)) and translucency parameters (TP) of nano-filled flowable composites. A total of 35 composite disks (0.5 mm thickness) were prepared using A2 shade of 5 nanofiller composites (n = 7/each); Beautifil Flow Plus X F03 (SHOFU INC), Clearfil Majesty ES Flow (Kuraray Noritake Dental), Estelite Universal Flow (EUF, Tokuyama Dental), Estelite Flow Quick (Tokuyama Dental) and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative (FSU, 3M ESPE). Then, they were cured by LEDs (VALO, Ultradent) on standard mood (1000 mW/cm2) for 20 s. Samples were tested for straight-line transmission (G0), diffusion (DF), the amount of transmitted light (AV) and (TP) immediately after 24 h (dry storage), after 1-week water storage and after each of the three cycles of in-office bleaching (HiLite, SHOFU INC). Result: G0, DF, AV and TP were significantly affected by different materials (p < 0.001). The AV of FSU increased significantly after the 1-week water storage, then after the second bleaching cycle (p < 0.001). The TP for EUF slightly decreased (p = 0.019) after 1-week water storage, then increased throughout bleaching. Conclusion: Ageing/bleaching conditions do not affect G0, DF, AV and TP. The compositional variation between nano-filler composites resulted in a significant difference between materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Alrefaie
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Prosthodontic Dentistry Department, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur 46512, Egypt
| | - Waleed Almasabi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamoto
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Fagogeni I, Metlerska J, Falgowski T, Górski M, Lipski M, Nowicka A. Effectiveness of Teeth Whitening after Regenerative Endodontics Procedures: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237016. [PMID: 36498591 PMCID: PMC9738840 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discolouration resulting from regenerative endodontic procedures may have a negative impact on the quality of life of treated patients; therefore, it is recommended to minimize this risk by selecting appropriate scaffolds and barrier materials, and if discolouration occurs, the use of a simple, cost-effective and minimally invasive technique, such as whitening, should be considered. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate tooth discolouration after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures and the effectiveness of subsequent whitening procedures with carbamide peroxide. Two hundred bovine incisors were included in this study and divided into twenty groups based on the tested material combinations. Two groups were control groups, one with saline and the other group with blood. In the 12 groups, the experiment was designed to be consistent with the two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures. Triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide were placed in the root canal, and then scaffolds (e.g., blood or platelet-rich fibrin) and barrier materials (Biodentine, OrthoMTA or MTA Repair HP) were applied after rinsing the disinfectant pastes. In the six groups that corresponded to the single-visit regenerative endodontic procedure, the use of a disinfectant paste was omitted. Subsequently, the specimens were bleached twice with carbamide peroxide at a 7-day interval. Colour change measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Compact 5.0, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal−Wallis H test, the independent t-test and t-test for related samples. Tooth discolouration was noticed after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures, except for the platelet-rich fibrin+MTA Repair HP group. After the first and second whitening procedures, all of the tested two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures groups showed a change in the colour of the crown, which was noticeable to the naked eye (∆E > 3.3). When analysing the ∆E value between the first and second bleaching procedures, no changes in the colour of teeth were visually noticed in the calcium hydroxide and platelet-rich fibrin +MTA Repair HP groups (∆E < 3.3). Single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are suggested if possible; however, if two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are performed, it is recommended to use calcium hydroxide as the disinfectant paste because of the lower staining potential. In the context of discolouration, platelet-rich fibrin is advisable for use as a scaffold. The whitening procedure is worth considering, but does not guarantee a return to the original tooth colour, especially when triple antibiotic paste is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Fagogeni
- Doctoral Studies of the Faculty of Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-16-48
| | - Joanna Metlerska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Falgowski
- General, Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Górski
- University Dental Clinic, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lipski
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Llena C, Iglesias-Diaz M, Ciscar-Muñoz P, Bataller-Martínez AB, Melo M, Sanz JL. Tooth Bleaching of Discolorations Caused by Hydraulic Cements in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A 3-Year In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7845. [PMID: 36363437 PMCID: PMC9655150 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the color change caused by hydraulic cements after 3 years in vitro by simulating their use in regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) and to quantify the color change after external bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide at 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Fifty teeth were treated simulating RET. Samples were distributed according to the hydraulic cement to be used (n = 10 per group): negative control (no cement), ProRoot-MTA, MM-MTA, TotalFill BC-RRM, or Biodentine. Three years after RET, two sessions of external bleaching with Opalescence Boost were performed. The color was measured in the cervical and incisal halves of the teeth at different time points: baseline, 3 years after performing RET, and after 1, 6, and 12 months after bleaching. The ΔL, Δa, and Δb were determined. A generalized linear model was used to compare color considering group and time. The ΔEab and the ΔE00 were calculated and the acceptability in color change was determined. Three years after RET, a reduction in lightness (negative ΔL values) was found in all groups. These values significantly increased 1 month after bleaching in all groups (p < 0.05) and reversed at 6 months. One month after bleaching, ΔE00 values (color difference tolerance (CIEDE2000)) ranged from very good (>3.6 ≤ 5.4) to excellent (>5.4). One year after bleaching, the color reverted to values similar to those found 3 years after RET. All groups became darker after RET. The color recovered and even improved compared with the baseline measurement after one month of bleaching but did not remain stable over time.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gaikwad A, Bajirao Jadhav A, Handa A, Bhamare R. Effect of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser Enamel Pre-Treatment on the Whitening Efficacy of a Bleaching Agent. Cureus 2022; 14:e31325. [PMID: 36514619 PMCID: PMC9738346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a number of different substances and treatments that are effective in mitigating the negative effects of tooth bleaching. It is essential, however, to consider whether or not the presence of these factors affects the efficiency of the bleaching agent. AIM The purpose of this study is to determine how the pretreated enamel with a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser affects the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 35%. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty samples were prepared from human-extracted permanent anterior teeth and stained using a tea solution. Based on the pre-treatment protocol, the samples were split into two equal groups (n = 15): In Group I, samples were submerged in saline solution for five minutes, while in Group II, Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed. Following pretreatment, samples from both groups were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Colour analysis of all samples was done before and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. For the colour analysis, the CIE L*a*b* (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) System of colour measurement was used. For statistical analysis, Student t-tests (two-tailed, unpaired) were used to compare the means of two groups on a continuous scale. RESULTS Samples from both groups became lighter in colour following bleaching. After bleaching, there was no discernible difference in the total colour change between the two groups. CONCLUSION The application of the Nd:YAG laser before bleaching did not influence the whitening efficacy of 35% hydrogen peroxide.
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Liu Y, Deng B, Liang J, Li J, Liu B, Wang F, Qin C, Yao S. Effects of the Preferential Oxidation of Phenolic Lignin Using Chlorine Dioxide on Pulp Bleaching Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13310. [PMID: 36362097 PMCID: PMC9654181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide is widely used for pulp bleaching because of its high delignification selectivity. However, efficient and clean chlorine dioxide bleaching is limited by the complexity of the lignin structure. Herein, the oxidation reactions of phenolic (vanillyl alcohol) and non-phenolic (veratryl alcohol) lignin model species were modulated using chlorine dioxide. The effects of chlorine dioxide concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the consumption rate of the model species were also investigated. The optimal consumption rate for the phenolic species was obtained at a chlorine dioxide concentration of 30 mmol·L-1, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, and a reaction time of 10 min, resulting in the consumption of 96.3% of vanillyl alcohol. Its consumption remained essentially unchanged compared with that of traditional chlorine dioxide oxidation. However, the consumption rate of veratryl alcohol was significantly reduced from 78.0% to 17.3%. Additionally, the production of chlorobenzene via the chlorine dioxide oxidation of veratryl alcohol was inhibited. The structural changes in lignin before and after different treatments were analyzed. The overall structure of lignin remained stable during the optimization of the chlorine dioxide oxidation treatment. The signal intensities of several phenolic units were reduced. The effects of the selective oxidation of lignin by chlorine dioxide on the pulp properties were analyzed. Pulp viscosity significantly increased owing to the preferential oxidation of phenolic lignin by chlorine dioxide. The pollution load of bleached effluent was considerably reduced at similar pulp brightness levels. This study provides a new approach to chlorine dioxide bleaching. An efficient and clean bleaching process of the pulp was developed.
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Kahler B. Present status and future directions - Managing discoloured teeth. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:922-950. [PMID: 35188275 PMCID: PMC9790475 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Managing tooth discolouration involves a range of different protocols for clinicians and patients in order to achieve an aesthetic result. There is an increasing public awareness in the appearance of their teeth and management of tooth discolouration may be inter-disciplinary and involve both vital and nonvital teeth. Vital teeth can be easily treated with low concentration hydrogen peroxide products safely and effectively using an external approach and trays. For endodontically treated teeth, the walking bleach technique with hydrogen releasing peroxide products is popular. However, there is an association with external cervical root resorption with higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide of 30%-35%. There are also regulatory considerations for the use of hydrogen peroxide in certain jurisdictions internationally. Prosthodontic treatments are more invasive and involve loss of tooth structure as well as a life cycle of further treatment in the future. This narrative review is based on searches on PubMed and the Cochrane library. Bleaching endodontically treated teeth can be considered a safe and effective protocol in the management of discoloured teeth. However, the association between bleaching and resorption remains unclear although there is likely to be a relation to prior trauma. It is prudent to avoid thermocatalytic approaches and to use a base/sealer to cover the root filling. An awareness expectations of patients and multidisciplinary treatment considerations is important in achieving the aesthetic result for the patient. It is likely that there will be an increasing demand for aesthetic whitening treatments. Bleaching of teeth has also become increasingly regulated although there are international differences in the use and concentration of bleaching agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Kahler
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,The University of Queensland Oral Health CentreHerstonQueenslandAustralia
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Lee WF, Takahashi H, Huang SY, Zhang JZ, Teng NC, Peng PW. Effects of At-Home and In-Office Bleaching Agents on the Color Recovery of Esthetic CAD-CAM Restorations after Red Wine Immersion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3891. [PMID: 36146038 PMCID: PMC9503437 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of at-home and in-office bleaching agents on esthetic CAD-CAM materials after red wine immersion by measuring their optical properties. Sixty specimens were prepared out of three esthetic CAD-CAM materials: Vita Enamic, Celtra Duo, and Ceresmart (n = 20). All specimens were immersed in a red wine solution, and color measurements were performed. Specimens were randomly divided (n = 10) according to the bleaching procedure (in office, at home), bleaching durations were set to 3 time points, and color measurements were performed. According to the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L* a* b* parameters, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00), translucency parameters (TP00), and whiteness index values (ΔWID) after wine staining and after bleaching were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Mann−Whitney U-test, the Kruskal−Wallis test, and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). ΔE00, ΔTP00, and ΔWID decreased with an increase in bleaching treatment. ΔE00 after the final bleaching treatment of in-office bleaching ranged from 1.7 to 2.0, whereas those of in-office treatment ranged from 0.4 to 1.1. All ΔTP00 and ΔWID after the final treatment were below the 50:50% perceptibility thresholds (ΔTP00 < 0.6, and ΔWID < 0.7). Significant differences in ΔE00, ΔTP00, and ΔWID among esthetic CAD-CAM materials were found between CD and CE. In the present study, color recovery after at-home and in-office bleaching appeared to be material-dependent. In-office bleaching showed more effective recovery comparing to at-home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Course for Oral Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shiun-Yi Huang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Zhen Zhang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Peng
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Alshali RZ, Alqahtani MA. The Effect of Home and In-Office Bleaching on Microhardness and Color of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5948. [PMID: 36079330 PMCID: PMC9457352 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different bleaching agents on microhardness and color of CAD/CAM ceramics including IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate), VITA ENAMIC (polymer-infiltrated ceramic), and Celtra Duo CAD (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate). Materials' samples were divided into three groups (n = 10) and each received a different bleaching treatment; 20% carbamide peroxide, 35% carbamide peroxide, and 40% hydrogen peroxide. A fourth group was stored in water acting as a control. Vickers microhardness and spectrophotometric color measurements were taken at baseline and after bleaching. IPS e.max CAD showed a significant reduction (about 14%), while VITA ENAMIC showed a significant increase (about 78%) in microhardness after bleaching (p ˂ 0.001). Celtra Duo CAD did not demonstrate a significant change in microhardness (p ≥ 0.609). The color difference (ΔEab) after bleaching was 0.29 (±0.08), 2.84 (±0.64), and 1.99 (±0.37) for IPS e.max CAD, VITA ENAMIC, and Celtra Duo CAD, respectively. It could be concluded that the effect of bleaching on color and microhardness was mainly material-dependent. Bleaching significantly affected the microhardness of IPS e.max CAD and VITA ENAMIC. The color difference was within the clinically imperceptible range for IPS e.max CAD, while VITA ENAMIC and Celtra Duo CAD demonstrated perceptible color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z. Alshali
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alqahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Van Hai L, Pham DH, Kim J. Effect of Bleaching and Hot-Pressing Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Compressed Wood. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142901. [PMID: 35890678 PMCID: PMC9322156 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on multiple stage bleaching and its effect on the mechanical and swelling properties of compressed wood (CW). The natural wood specimen was bleached with NaClO2 in five steps and three hot-pressing conditions. Their effects were investigated in morphologies: lignin content, alpha-cellulose content, compression ratio, mechanical properties, swelling and, water contact angle. After compression, the wood specimens became dense and the most porous structures collapsed. The lignin content decreased as the bleaching steps progressed, and the highest alpha-cellulose content was observed at the third bleaching step. This CW showed the best mechanical properties: bending strength was 240.1 ± 35.7 MPa, and Young’s modulus was 23.08 ± 0.89 Gpa. The CW swelling decreased as the bleaching step progressed, and was associated with the density decrease and the compression ratio increase with the bleaching step. The B3 is an optimum bleaching step that accounts for the best mechanical properties, which might be associated with the highest alpha-cellulose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Van Hai
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-ku, Incheon 22212, Korea; (L.V.H.); (D.H.P.)
- Pulp and Paper Dept, Phutho College of Industry and Trade, Phongchau, Phuninh, Phutho 290000, Vietnam
| | - Duc Hoa Pham
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-ku, Incheon 22212, Korea; (L.V.H.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-ku, Incheon 22212, Korea; (L.V.H.); (D.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-874-7325
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Jung J, Baek JH, Lee Y, Jeong SE, Jeon CO. The Self-Bleaching Process of Microcystis aeruginosa is Delayed by a Symbiotic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K and Promoted by Methionine Deficiency. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0181422. [PMID: 35771009 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01814-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various interactions between marine cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria have been known, but the symbiotic relationships between Microcystis and heterotrophic bacteria remain unclear. An axenic M. aeruginosa culture (NIES-298) was quickly bleached after exponential growth, whereas a xenic M. aeruginosa culture (KW) showed a normal growth curve, suggesting that some symbiotic bacteria may delay this bleaching. The bleaching process of M. aeruginosa was distinguished from the phenomena of previously proposed chlorosis and programmed cell death in various characteristics. Bleached cultures of NIES-298 quickly bleached actively growing M. aeruginosa cultures, suggesting that M. aeruginosa itself produces bleach-causing compounds. Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K delaying the bleaching of NIES-298 cultures was isolated from the KW culture. Bleached cultures of NIES-298 treated with strain MAE1-K lost their bleaching ability, suggesting that strain MAE1-K rescues M. aeruginosa from bleaching via inactivation of bleaching compounds. From Tn5 transposon mutant screening, a metZ mutant of strain MAE1-K (F-D3) unable to synthesize methionine, promoting the bleaching of NIES-298 cultures but capable of inactivating bleaching compounds, was obtained. The bleaching process of NIES-298 cultures was promoted with the coculture of mutant F-D3 and delayed by methionine supplementation, suggesting that the bleaching process of M. aeruginosa is promoted by methionine deficiency. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters represent serious global concerns for the ecosystem and human health. In this study, we found that one of the major species in cyanobacterial blooms, Microcystis aeruginosa, was quickly collapsed after exponential growth by producing self-bleaching compounds and that a symbiotic bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K delayed the bleaching process via the inactivation of bleaching compounds. In addition, we found that a metZ mutant of strain MAE1-K (F-D3) causing methionine deficiency promoted the bleaching process of M. aeruginosa, suggesting that methionine deficiency may induce the production of bleaching compounds. These results will provide insights into the symbiotic relationships between M. aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria that will contribute to developing novel strategies to control cyanobacterial blooms.
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da Silva LMAV, Cintra LTA, de Alcântara S, Machado NEDS, Benetti F, Ervolino E, Briso ALF. Influence of violet LED associated or not with peroxide gel on inflammation, mineralization, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102959. [PMID: 35691564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of violet LED, associated or not with a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, on inflammation, mineralization in pulp tissue, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary molars of eighty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10): CONT - without treatment; HP - 30-minute application of 17.5% HP; LED - 20-minute application of violet LED; and HP+LED - application of PH and violet LED. Rats were euthanized and jaws were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation (IL-17, IL-23, and osteocalcin) and picrosirius red immediately after (T0), and at 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 30 days (T3) post-treatment, with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, paired T-test, and T-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS HP and HP+LED presented necrosis and severe inflammatory infiltrate. When compared to CONT group, LED presented severe osteocalcin (OCN) immunostaining in T2 and less immature fibers in T2 and T3. CONCLUSION The violet LED caused no severe damage to the pulp tissue, increased IL-17 and IL-23 expression in T0 when associated with HP, and had no influence on pulp tissue mineralization, besides accelerating the maturation of collagen fibers of dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Violet LED therapy induced no inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats and played no role in pulp tissue fibrosis, besides accelerating the maturation of dentin collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Sibele de Alcântara
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Nathália Evelyn da Silva Machado
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, José Bonifácio, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, São Paulo 1193, Brazil.
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Acle R, Zambrano-Mericq MJ, Navarrete-Dechent C, Uribe P, Abarzúa-Araya Á. Clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of melanocytic nevi changes during diode laser hair removal: A prospective study. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:970-977. [PMID: 35670253 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser hair removal (LHR) is a common practice with increasing use worldwide. Clinical and dermoscopic changes in melanocytic nevi after LHR have been reported but prospective studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE To describe dermoscopic changes of melanocytic nevi at different time points after LHR. METHODS Prospective study in a cohort of female patients undergoing diode LHR. Dermoscopic follow-up of at least three nevi on the legs that underwent hair removal. We included three nonexposed nevi on the arms as controls. Two blinded investigators analyzed dermoscopic images, according to variables selected based on the available literature. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were included with a total of 148 nevi on the legs and 112 nevi on the arms (controls). 47.9% (71/148) of the nevi on the legs had evidence of dermoscopic changes at the sixth hair removal session, compared to 9.8% (11/112) on controls (p < 0.001). The most frequent change was "bleaching" (41.9%, 62/148). Also, we observed "irregular hyperpigmented areas," and "regression structures" in 5.4% (8/148) and 4.7% (7/148) of the cases at the sixth session, respectively. Neither of these structures were observed in the controls (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Only females were included; we did not perform histopathological evaluation nor reflectance confocal microscopy of changing nevi. CONCLUSION Melanocytic nevi frequently change after diode LHR. The changes cannot always distinguish between LHR induced and melanoma, so we advise avoiding nevi during laser therapies with melanin targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Acle
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Zambrano-Mericq
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Uribe
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Abarzúa-Araya
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sadikoglu IS, Arici M, Kemaloglu H, Turkun M, Caymaz MG. Can the hydrogel form of sodium ascorbate be used to reverse compromised resin infiltrant penetration after bleaching? Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:509-515. [PMID: 35439912 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1805_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an antioxidant on the bleaching-induced reduction in the penetration depth of infiltrant resins. Materials and Methods White spot lesions (WSLs) were created on 105 bovine tooth samples, each measuring 6 × 4 × 4 mm. Five samples were randomly selected for the examination of lesion characteristics. The remaining 100 samples were then divided into four groups (n = 25). In Group I, the WSLs were treated with resin infiltration (RI) only. RI was performed on Group II immediately after bleaching. In Group III, an antioxidant was applied for 2 h after bleaching, and this was immediately followed by RI. The Group IV samples were treated with RI at the end of a 1-week waiting period after bleaching. The penetration depths were evaluated through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results The lowest penetration rate, which was approximately 57%, was observed in Group II. This was followed by Group III (87%), Group IV (90%), and Group I (92%). Group II, in which the samples were infiltrated immediately after bleaching, had the lowest mean penetration percentage. All the bleached groups exhibited significantly lower penetration percentages than the nonbleached group (Group I) (P < 0.05). Antioxidant application increased the penetration significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion Application of sodium ascorbate was found to reverse the reduced resin penetration depth and penetration percentages resulting from bleaching. The postponement of adhesive procedures after bleaching yielded similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Sadikoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, European University of Lefke Faculty of Dentistry, Lefke, Mersin-10, Turkey
| | - M Arici
- Pharmaceutic Technology Department, Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Kemaloglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Turkun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M G Caymaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Morphou, Mersin-10, Turkey
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Ugolini F, Baroni G, Nassini R, De Logu F, Massi D. A Fast and Automated Melanin- bleaching Method for Histopathologic Evaluation of Pigmented Melanoma Tissues. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:311-316. [PMID: 35384882 PMCID: PMC8989633 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histopathologic examination of highly pigmented melanoma tissues has always been a challenge for pathologists. The high concentration of melanin pigment is an obstacle for immunohistochemistry and the ensuing evaluation. Therefore, removing melanin has become a crucial step for processing heavily pigmented melanoma samples. Several bleaching techniques have been proposed in the past, however, the most commonly used methods are time-consuming and poorly standardized. In this study, we propose a new fast and fully automated bleaching method applicable to validated immunohistochemical panels already used in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumors. The proposed bleaching protocol is based on sample pretreatment with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and a Tris base pH 10 solution for 8 minutes at 80°C before antigen retrieval. Immunohistochemistry with HMB45, MART-1, Ki-67, SOX10, S-100, Tyrosinase, and BRAF(V600E) antibodies showed that this pretreatment removed excess melanin without affecting the tissue antigenicity and cytoarchitecture. In conclusion, we propose a new fast and automated bleaching protocol, easily transferable to a routine setting with efficient results in specimens in which the melanin pigmentation could blunt the histopathologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Romina Nassini
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Singhal R, Namdev R, Singhal P, Rajput N, Narang S. Newer Technique of Extra-Coronal Bleaching with Sodium Perborate on Non-Pitted Fluorosis Stains in Permanent Anterior Teeth. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 46:112-8. [PMID: 35533230 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-46.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Variety of treatment approaches have been proposed for esthetic management of dental fluorosis. Microabrasion, bleaching using hydrogen peroxide, and etch bleach seal are commonly used methods. Bleaching using sodium perborate has been used for intracoronal bleaching. Till now, no study has used sodium perborate for extracoronal bleaching of discolored stained teeth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the esthetic improvement of non-pitted fluorosis stains using sodium perborate and compare with etch bleach seal, microabrasion and in-office bleaching with 30% H2O2 on visual assessment scale VAS (primary objective) and to assess any untoward effects including staining, sensitivity, gingival problems within the course of study (secondary objectives). STUDY DESIGN A randomized control trial with 6 months follow up. Methodology- Twenty children aged 8 to 12 years with non-pitted fluorosis in upper anterior teeth were divided into 4 groups with 5 patients in each group. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All of the techniques showed improvement in esthetics with VAS. However, microabrasion and bleaching using sodium perborate had significantly better results than other 2 techniques. CONCLUSION Sodium perborate showed excellent results in extracoronal bleaching of fluorosed teeth. However a randomized study with large sample size is required to draw a definitive conclusion regarding superiority of one technique over others.
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Carvalho RF, da Mata Galvão A, Campolina MG, de Mendonça LC, Soares CJ, Carvalho CN, da Silva GR. Does polishing of bleached enamel affect roughness and tooth color stability after exposure to coffee? J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:351-359. [PMID: 35014755 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This laboratory randomized study was designed to evaluate the effect of polishing on roughness and color stability of bleached teeth after coffee immersion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety bovine crowns were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 15), according to bleaching protocols: At-home: standard protocol using 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) or In-office: standard protocol using 35% HP; and with polishing protocols: (1) no polishing, (2) bleached enamel polished with #0.5 μm or (3) #2-4 μm diamond particles grit pastes. Samples were daily immersed into coffee solution for 45 min followed by mechanical brushing simulation (30 s) for 30 days. The surface roughness (Ra) and color alteration, expressed by ΔEab , ΔE00 , and whitening index (WI) were analyzed at baseline, after bleaching/polishing protocols and after coffee solution staining. The surface from each group was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Staining increases Ra, ΔEab , ΔE00 , and decreases WI values. Polishing after bleaching did not prevent staining, however, tooth polished with #0.5 μ-grit polishing paste showed better performance than #2-4 μ-grit (ΔEab : p = 0.001/ΔE00 : p = 0.003). Scanning electron microscope revealed a more irregular surface after coffee staining for all groups regardless bleaching/polishing protocols. CONCLUSIONS Using #0.5 μ-grit diamond paste to polish 35%HP in-office bleached enamel reduces the roughness and tooth staining. However, polishing after 10%HP at-home bleached enamel neither affects roughness nor improves tooth color stability after exposure to coffee. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Polishing after at-home bleaching does not have benefits but after 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching, the polishing with #0.5 μ-grit polishing paste is indicated to reduce roughness and the tooth staining over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia da Mata Galvão
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Murilo Guimarães Campolina
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos José Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Rujido-Santos I, Herbello-Hermelo P, Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Metal Content in Textile and (Nano)Textile Products. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:944. [PMID: 35055766 PMCID: PMC8775849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals, metallic compounds, and, recently, metallic nanoparticles appear in textiles due to impurities from raw materials, contamination during the manufacturing process, and/or their deliberate addition. However, the presence of lead, cadmium, chromium (VI), arsenic, mercury, and dioctyltin in textile products is regulated in Europe (Regulation 1907/2006). Metal determination in fabrics was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The ICP-MS procedure has been successfully validated; relative standard deviations were up to 3% and analytical recoveries were within the 90-107% range. The developed method was applied to several commercial textiles, and special attention has been focused on textiles with nanofinishing (fabrics prepared with metallic nanoparticles for providing certain functionalities). Arsenic content (in textile T4) and lead content (in subsamples T1-1, T1-2, and T3-3) were found to exceed the maximum limits established by the European Regulation 1907/2006. Although impregnation of yarns with mercury compounds is not allowed, mercury was quantified in fabrics T1-2, T5, and T6. Further speciation studies for determining hexavalent chromium species in sample T9 are necessary (hexavalent chromium is the only species of chromium regulated). Some textile products commercialised in Europe included in this study do not comply with European regulation 1907/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- The Group of Trace Element, Spectroscopy, and Speciation (GETEE), Institute of Materials iMATUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (I.R.-S.); (P.H.-H.); (M.C.B.-A.); (P.B.-B.)
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Samaha AE, ElFadl AK, Anwar MN. The micro-shear bond strength of resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after using different desensitizing agents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:248-256. [PMID: 34562058 PMCID: PMC8874074 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the micro‐shear bond strength of two resin cements to aged laser bleached enamel after the application of three different desensitizing agents. Materials and methods Forty extracted human central and lateral incisors were prepared and bleached using laser activation bleaching protocol. The teeth were assigned randomly into four groups for desensitization; G1: No post‐bleaching treatment, G2: GC MI Paste Plus, G3: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n‐HAP) and G4: Flor‐Opal. Specimens were subjected to aging for 6 months. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups according to the resin cements used (dual‐curing resin cement and light‐curing resin cement). Results Flor‐Opal groups showed the highest statistically significant micro‐shear bond strength (MSBS), followed by GC MI Paste Plus and n‐HAP groups with no statistically significant difference between them. The light‐curing resin cement had statistically higher MSBS than dual‐curing resin cement in case of no‐post bleaching treatment and n‐HAP groups, and no statistical difference in case of GC MI Paste Plus and Flor‐Opal groups. Conclusion Usage of desensitizing agents containing, CPP‐ACP, n‐HAP or fluoride after laser bleaching can enhance the bond strength of the resin cements to enamel. Clinical significance The composition of the desensitizing agents applied after laser bleaching could interfere in bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya E Samaha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad K ElFadl
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt
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Huang D, Hong H, Huang W, Zhang H, Hong X. Scalable Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Office Waste Paper by an Environment-Friendly Method. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183119. [PMID: 34578020 PMCID: PMC8473219 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste paper is often underutilized as a low-value recyclable resource and can be a potential source of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) due to its rich cellulose content. Three different processes, low acid treatment, alkali treatment and bleaching treatment, were used to pretreat the waste paper in order to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on the prepared CNFs, and CNFs obtained from bleached pulp boards were used as control. All sample fibers were successfully prepared into CNFs by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation. It was quite obvious that the bleached CNFs samples showed dense fibrous structures on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while needle-like fibers with width less than 20 nm were observed on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the bleaching treatment resulted in a 13.5% increase in crystallinity and a higher TEMPO yield (e.g., BCNF, 60.88%), but a decrease in thermal stability. All pretreated CNFs samples showed narrow particle size distribution, good dispersion stability (zeta potential less than −29.58 mV), good light transmission (higher than 86.5%) and low haze parameters (lower than 3.92%). This provides a good process option and pathway for scalable production of CNFs from waste papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.H.); (H.H.); (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoqun Hong
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.H.); (H.H.); (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Weilong Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.H.); (H.H.); (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.H.); (H.H.); (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaobin Hong
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
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Karanasiou C, Dionysopoulos D, Naka O, Strakas D, Tolidis K. Effects of tooth bleaching protocols assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers on color change of resin-based restoratives. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1210-1220. [PMID: 34498792 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate color change of three resin-based restorative materials after two laser-assisted in-office tooth bleaching protocols using Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nanohybrid composite resin (EP), a Bis-GMA free composite resin (EPBio) and a resin-matrix CAD-CAM ceramic (HC) were tested. Ninety specimens were prepared and stored in artificial saliva. Group 1 received an in-office bleaching treatment using 40% H2 O2. The same bleaching procedure was assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG laser in Group 2 and by a diode laser (980 nm) in Group 3. Color measurements were performed using a double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer at four time intervals (before, 24 h, 15 and 30 days), converted to L*, a*, and b* units of the CIELAB color space and assessed on the basis of 50:50% acceptability (ΔΕab * = 2.7 and ΔΕ00 = 1.77) and 50:50% perceptibility (ΔΕab * = 1.2 and ΔΕ00 = 0.81) thresholds. Three-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS Color and whiteness changes did not exceed the established 50:50% acceptability thresholds. EP presented the highest color change after the bleaching followed by EPBio and HC (p ≤ 0.05). Three-way ANOVA revealed that type of material and time interval significantly affected color change (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The tested bleaching treatments assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers did not induce unacceptable color and whiteness changes in the resin-based restorative materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The tested Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) laser-assisted tooth bleaching protocols which may be recommended to accelerate the clinical procedures cannot affect the color of the existing resin-based restorations in case they are accidentally exposed on the bleaching gel and laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Karanasiou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Naka
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Strakas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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