Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance among conventional versus herbal irrigants in root canal treated teeth: In vitro study

To evaluate the efficacy of conventional irrigants and herbal extracts materials which helps to resist fracture of endodontically treated teeth. 75 maxillary human permanent incisor teeth instrumented using ProTaper rotary files till apical size(F4). Instrumented samples divided into 5 groups with n = 15 based on various irrigants used. Group I: normal saline, Group II: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group III: 2% chlorohexidine, Group IV: 10% Azadirachta indica (neem extract) and Group V: 10% Ocimum sanctum (tulsi extract).After that, root canals were proceeded to be filled by using single gutta-percha cone and Sealapex sealer. Specimens were then prepared and loaded until root fracture occurred. Maximum mean flexural strength of dentin (fracture resistance) was obtained from group treated with 2% chlorohexidine and 10% neem extract. Least fracture resistance was observed with 5% NaOCl. Herbal irrigants can be used as an alternative to NaOCl as they exhibit high fracture resistance.

A Thorough Examination of the Solution Conditions and the Use of Carbon Nanoparticles Made from Commercial Mesquite Charcoal as a Successful Sorbent for Water Remediation

Water pollution has invaded seas, rivers, and tap water worldwide. This work employed commercial Mesquite charcoal as a low-cost precursor for fabricating Mesquite carbon nanoparticles (MUCNPs) using a ball-milling process. The scanning electron energy-dispersive microscopy results for MUCNPs revealed a particle size range of 52.4-75.0 nm. The particles were composed mainly of carbon with trace amounts of aluminum, potassium, calcium, titanium, and zinc. The X-ray diffraction peaks at 26.76 and 43.28 2θ° ascribed to the (002) and (100) planes indicated a crystalized graphite phase. Furthermore, the lack of FT-IR vibrations above 3000 cm^-1 showed that the MUCNPs were not functionalized. The MUCNPs' pore diameter, volume, and surface area were 114.5 Ǻ, 0.363 cm³ g^-1, and 113.45 m² g^-1. The batch technique was utilized to investigate MUCNPs' effectiveness in removing chlorohexidine gluconate (CHDNG) from water, which took 90 min to achieve equilibrium and had an adsorption capacity of 65.8 mg g^-1. The adsorption of CHDNG followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, with the rate-limiting step being diffusion in the liquid film. The Langmuir isotherm dominated the CHDNG adsorption on the MUCNPs with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The thermodynamic studies revealed that CHDNG adsorption onto the MUCNPs was exothermic and favorable, and its spontaneity increased inversely with CHDNG concentration. The ball-milling-made MUCNPs demonstrated consistent efficiency through regeneration-reuse cycles.

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness and Color Stability of Dental Nanohybrid Resin Composite

BACKGROUND

Surface microhardness and color stability of dental restorative material should be sustained throughout its functional lifetime to maintain the esthetic quality of the restoration. However, the frequent application of mouthwash may affect their surface microhardness and color stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of mouthwashes with different contents on surface microhardness and color stability of dental nanohybrid resin-based composite.

METHODS

Disc specimens of nanohybrid resin composite (Luna Nano-Hybrid Composite) were prepared according to manufacturing instructions; specimens were incubated for 24 h in three types of mouthwash (Chlorohexidine, Listerine Green Tea, and Colgate Optic White Whitening Mouthwash). Artificial saliva was used as a control group. Surface microhardness was evaluated using Vickers microhardness device. Color stability after and before immersion in the different mouthwashes was evaluated using extra-oral spectrophotometer; the values of color change (ΔE₀₀) were subsequently calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).

RESULTS

There was no significant difference between microhardness of resin composite immersed in artificial saliva, CHX, and Green Tea mouthwashes (78.5, 78.4, and 73.5, respectively) (p ≥ 0.1), while the bleaching mouthwash led to the lowest microhardness of resin composite, with significant difference compared to the three previous immersion media (p = 0.002). Moreover, there were significant differences in the color changes (ΔE₀₀) of resin composite exposed to the various immersion media (p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The bleaching mouthwash led to a significant reduction in nanohybrid resin composite's microhardness compared to the chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes. The resin composite's color change was accepted in bleaching mouthwash but unaccepted in chlorohexidine and Green Tea containing mouthwashes.

The cytotoxic effects of various endodontic irrigants on the viability of dental mesenchymal stem cells

This study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of various irrigation solutions used in regenerative endodontic treatments (RETs) on mesenchymal stem cells, and further examine the long-term effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Stem cells were exposed to various concentrations of NaOCl, EDTA, chlorhexidine (CHX), etidronic acid (HEDP)/NaOCl combination and HOCl. HOCl was tested for its effects on ALP activity up to 21 days. Additionally, cell viability was measured fluorescently using calcein AM. The most cytotoxic irrigant was CHX even with the lowest concentration. NaOCl and HEDP/NaOCl with 1:100 dilution decreased viability to around 40%. HOCl showed the lowest cytotoxicity among all tested irrigants. HOCl also showed no significant reduction in ALP activity compared with the controls. The cytotoxicity of endodontic irrigants was time and concentration dependent. HOCl demonstrated promising results regarding viability and ALP activity, since RETs require host stem cell survival.