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Sokolova E, Jouanneau D, Chevenier A, Jam M, Desban N, Colas P, Ficko-Blean E, Michel G. Enzymatically-derived oligo-carrageenans interact with α-Gal antibodies and Galectin-3. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121563. [PMID: 37985065 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are linear sulfated galactans synthesized in the Gigartinales, Rhodophyceae species with a varied range of biological properties that are of value to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. It is unknown how the fine structure of carrageenans dictates their capacity to affect molecular and cellular responses important to wound healing, or the ability to mitigate oxidative, hemostatic and inflammatory processes. Here we use specific endo-carrageenases, from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans, to produce enzymatically defined neo-series oligosaccharides from carrageenans with 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose on the non-reducing end. Further enzymatic modification of the oligosaccharides was done by treating with the 3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidases from the same bacterium which hydrolyze non-reducing end 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose moieties from neo-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Using the enzymatically produced oligosaccharides, we demonstrate binding to natural human serum antibodies and a monoclonal anti-αGal Ab (m86). The significant interactions with the Galα(1,3)Gal reactive antibodies produced by humans makes them potential potent inducers of complement-dependent reactions and attractive for therapeutic applications. We also demonstrate modulation of the galectin selectivity for the Gal-3 Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) relative to Gal-1 which has implications to targeting specific biological pathways regulated by the galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Antonin Chevenier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Nathalie Desban
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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2
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Manat G, Fanuel M, Jouanneau D, Jam M, Mac-Bear J, Rogniaux H, Mora T, Larocque R, Lipinska A, Czjzek M, Ropartz D, Ficko-Blean E. Specificity of a β-porphyranase produced by the carrageenophyte red alga Chondrus crispus and implications of this unexpected activity on red algal biology. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102707. [PMID: 36402445 PMCID: PMC9771727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The carrageenophyte red alga Chondrus crispus produces three family 16 glycoside hydrolases (CcGH16-1, CcGH16-2, and CcGH16-3). Phylogenetically, the red algal GH16 members are closely related to bacterial GH16 homologs from subfamilies 13 and 14, which have characterized marine bacterial β-carrageenase and β-porphyranase activities, respectively, yet the functions of these CcGH16 hydrolases have not been determined. Here, we first confirmed the gene locus of the ccgh16-3 gene in the alga to facilitate further investigation. Next, our biochemical characterization of CcGH16-3 revealed an unexpected β-porphyranase activity, since porphyran is not a known component of the C. crispus extracellular matrix. Kinetic characterization was undertaken on natural porphyran substrate with an experimentally determined molecular weight. We found CcGH16-3 has a pH optimum between 7.5 and 8.0; however, it exhibits reasonably stable activity over a large pH range (pH 7.0-9.0). CcGH16-3 has a KM of 4.0 ± 0.8 μM, a kcat of 79.9 ± 6.9 s-1, and a kcat/KM of 20.1 ± 1.7 μM-1 s-1. We structurally examined fine enzymatic specificity by performing a subsite dissection. CcGH16-3 has a strict requirement for D-galactose and L-galactose-6-sulfate in its -1 and +1 subsites, respectively, whereas the outer subsites are less restrictive. CcGH16-3 is one of a handful of algal enzymes characterized with a specificity for a polysaccharide unknown to be found in their own extracellular matrix. This β-porphyranase activity in a carrageenophyte red alga may provide defense against red algal pathogens or provide a competitive advantage in niche colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Manat
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France,INRAE, BIBS Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France,INRAE, BIBS Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Théo Mora
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Agnieszka Lipinska
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France,INRAE, BIBS Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France,For correspondence: Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
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3
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Ropartz D, Marion L, Fanuel M, Nikolic J, Jam M, Larocque R, Ficko-Blean E, Michel G, Rogniaux H. In-depth structural characterization of oligosaccharides released by GH107 endofucanase MfFcnA reveals enzyme subsite specificity and sulfated fucan substructural features. Glycobiology 2022; 32:276-288. [PMID: 34939127 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of brown algae represents an abundant source of fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs). FCSPs include sulfated fucans, essentially composed of fucose, and highly heterogeneous fucoidans, comprising various monosaccharides. Despite a range of potentially valuable biological activities, the structures of FCSPs are only partially characterized and enzymatic tools leading to their deconstruction are rare. Previously, the enzyme MfFcnA was isolated from the marine bacterium Mariniflexile fucanivorans and biochemically characterized as an endo-α-1 → 4-l-fucanase, the first member of glycoside hydrolase family 107. Here, MfFcnA was used as an enzymatic tool to deconstruct the structure of the sulfated fucans from Pelvetia canaliculata (Fucales brown alga). Oligofucans released by MfFcnA at different time points were characterized using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry through Charge Transfer Dissociation. This approach highlights a large diversity in the structures released. In particular, the analyses show the presence of species with less than three sulfates per two fucose residues. They also reveal species with monosaccharides other than fucose and the occurrence of laterally branched residues. Precisely, the lateral branching is either in the form of a hexose accompanied by a trisulfated fucose nearby, or of a side chain of fucoses with a pentose as the branching point on the polymer. Overall, the results indicate that the structure of sulfated fucans from P. canaliculata is more complex than expected. They also reveal the interesting capacity of MfFcnA to accommodate different substrates, leading to structurally diverse oligofucan products that potentially could be screened for bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Lery Marion
- INRAE, UR BIA, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Jasna Nikolic
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Place George Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Place George Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Place George Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Place George Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Place George Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Helene Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, la Géraudière, F-44316, Nantes, France
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Nikolić Chenais J, Marion L, Larocque R, Jam M, Jouanneau D, Cladiere L, Le Gall S, Fanuel M, Desban N, Rogniaux H, Ropartz D, Ficko-Blean E, Michel G. Systematic comparison of eight methods for preparation of high purity sulfated fucans extracted from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:143-157. [PMID: 34968546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated fucans from brown algae are a heterogeneous group of biologically active molecules. To learn more on their structure and to analyze and exploit their biological activities, there is a growing need to develop reliable and cost effective protocols for their preparation. In the present study, a brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata (Linnaeus) was used as a rich source of sulfated fucans. Sulfated fucan preparation methods included neutral and acidic extractions followed by purification with activated charcoal (AC), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Final products were compared in terms of yield, purity, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. Acidic extractions provided higher yields compared to neutral ones, whereas the AC purification provided sulfated fucan products with the highest purity. Mass spectrometry analyses were done on oligosaccharides produced by the fucanase MfFcnA from the marine bacterium Mariniflexille fucanivorans. This has provided unique insight into enzyme specificity and the structural characteristics of sulfated fucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Nikolić Chenais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Léry Marion
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Lionel Cladiere
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Desban
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS facility, PROBE infrastructure, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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5
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Yao H, Scornet D, Jam M, Hervé C, Potin P, Oliveira Correia L, Coelho SM, Cock JM. Biochemical characteristics of a diffusible factor that induces gametophyte to sporophyte switching in the brown alga Ectocarpus. J Phycol 2021; 57:742-753. [PMID: 33432598 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The haploid-diploid life cycle of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus involves alternation between two independent and morphologically distinct multicellular generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Deployment of the sporophyte developmental program requires two TALE homeodomain transcription factors OUROBOROS and SAMSARA. In addition, the sporophyte generation has been shown to secrete a diffusible factor that can induce uni-spores to switch from the gametophyte to the sporophyte developmental program. Here, we determine optimal conditions for production, storage, and detection of this diffusible factor and show that it is a heat-resistant, high molecular weight molecule. Based on a combined approach involving proteomic analysis of sporophyte-conditioned medium and the use of biochemical tools to characterize arabinogalactan proteins, we present evidence that sporophyte-conditioned medium contains AGP epitopes and suggest that the diffusible factor may belong to this family of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Yao
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Scornet
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Marine Glycobiology, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Marine Glycobiology, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
- Algal Biology and Environmental Interactions, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO, INRA, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
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6
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Yao H, Scornet D, Badis Y, Peters AF, Jam M, Hervé C, Potin P, Coelho SM, Cock JM. Production and Bioassay of a Diffusible Factor That Induces Gametophyte-to-Sporophyte Developmental Reprogramming in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3753. [PMID: 33659412 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown alga Ectocarpus has a haploid-diploid life cycle that involves alternation between two multicellular generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Life cycle generation is not determined by ploidy but by a genetic system that includes two different three amino acid loop extension homeodomain transcription factors called OUROBOROS and SAMSARA. In addition, sporophytes have been shown to secrete a diffusible factor into the medium that can induce gametophyte initial cells to switch from the gametophyte to the sporophyte developmental program. The protocol presented here describes how to produce sporophyte-conditioned medium containing the diffusible sporophyte-inducing factor and how to assay for activity of the factor using a meio-spore-based bioassay. The protocol, which describes how several steps of these procedures can be optimised, will represent a useful tool for future work aimed at characterising the diffusible factor and investigating its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Yao
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Scornet
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Yacine Badis
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France.,The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Murielle Jam
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff, France
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Rabillé H, Torode TA, Tesson B, Le Bail A, Billoud B, Rolland E, Le Panse S, Jam M, Charrier B. Alginates along the filament of the brown alga Ectocarpus help cells cope with stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12956. [PMID: 31506545 PMCID: PMC6736953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectocarpus is a filamentous brown alga, which cell wall is composed mainly of alginates and fucans (80%), two non-crystalline polysaccharide classes. Alginates are linear chains of epimers of 1,4-linked uronic acids, β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G). Previous physico-chemical studies showed that G-rich alginate gels are stiffer than M-rich alginate gels when prepared in vitro with calcium. In order to assess the possible role of alginates in Ectocarpus, we first immunolocalised M-rich or G-rich alginates using specific monoclonal antibodies along the filament. As a second step, we calculated the tensile stress experienced by the cell wall along the filament, and varied it with hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. As a third step, we measured the stiffness of the cell along the filament, using cell deformation measurements and atomic force microscopy. Overlapping of the three sets of data allowed to show that alginates co-localise with the stiffest and most stressed areas of the filament, namely the dome of the apical cell and the shanks of the central round cells. In addition, no major distinction between M-rich and G-rich alginate spatial patterns could be observed. Altogether, these results support that both M-rich and G-rich alginates play similar roles in stiffening the cell wall where the tensile stress is high and exposes cells to bursting, and that these roles are independent from cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Rabillé
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas A Torode
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Tesson
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aude Le Bail
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
- Department of Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernard Billoud
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Elodie Rolland
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Sophie Le Panse
- Platform Merimage, FR 2424, CNRS, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Marine Glycobiology team, UMR8227, CNRS-UPMC, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Bénédicte Charrier
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins LBI2M, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France.
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8
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Schultz-Johansen M, Cueff M, Hardouin K, Jam M, Larocque R, Glaring MA, Hervé C, Czjzek M, Stougaard P. Discovery and screening of novel metagenome-derived GH107 enzymes targeting sulfated fucans from brown algae. FEBS J 2018; 285:4281-4295. [PMID: 30230202 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated fucans, often denoted as fucoidans, are highly variable cell wall polysaccharides of brown algae, which possess a wide range of bioactive properties with potential pharmaceutical applications. Due to their complex architecture, the structures of algal fucans have until now only been partly determined. Enzymes capable of hydrolyzing sulfated fucans may allow specific release of defined bioactive oligosaccharides and may serve as a tool for structural elucidation of algal walls. Currently, such enzymes include only a few hydrolases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 107 (GH107), and little is known about their mechanistics and the substrates they degrade. In this study, we report the identification and recombinant production of three novel GH107 family proteins derived from a marine metagenome. Activity screening against a large substrate collection showed that all three enzymes degraded sulfated fucans from brown algae in the order Fucales. This is in accordance with a hydrolytic activity against α-1,4-fucosidic linkages in sulfated fucans as reported for previous GH107 members. Also, the activity screening gave new indications about the structural differences in brown algal cell walls. Finally, sequence analyses allowed identification of the proposed catalytic residues of the GH107 family. The findings presented here form a new basis for understanding the GH107 family of enzymes and investigating the complex sulfated fucans from brown algae. DATABASE: The assembled metagenome and raw sequence data is available at EMBL-EBI (Study number: PRJEB28480). Sequences of the GH107 fucanases (Fp273, Fp277, and Fp279) have been deposited in GenBank under accessions MH755451-MH755453.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Cueff
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Kévin Hardouin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mikkel A Glaring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cécile Hervé
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Sorbonne Universités, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Wilkens C, Tiwari MK, Webb H, Jam M, Czjzek M, Svensson B. Asp271 is critical for substrate interaction with the surface binding site in β-agarase a from Zobellia galactanivorans. Proteins 2018; 87:34-40. [PMID: 30315603 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the marine environment agar degradation is assured by bacteria that contain large agarolytic systems with enzymes acting in various endo- and exo-modes. Agarase A (AgaA) is an endo-glycoside hydrolase of family 16 considered to initiate degradation of agarose. Agaro-oligosaccharide binding at a unique surface binding site (SBS) in AgaA from Zobellia galactanivorans was investigated by computational methods in conjunction with a structure/sequence guided approach of site-directed mutagenesis probed by surface plasmon resonance binding analysis of agaro-oligosaccharides of DP 4-10. The crystal structure has shown that agaro-octaose interacts via H-bonds and aromatic stacking along 7 subsites (L through R) of the SBS in the inactive catalytic nucleophile mutant AgaA-E147S. D271 is centrally located in the extended SBS where it forms H-bonds to galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues of agaro-octaose at subsites O and P. We propose D271 is a key residue in ligand binding to the SBS. Thus AgaA-E147S/D271A gave slightly decreasing KD values from 625 ± 118 to 468 ± 13 μM for agaro-hexaose, -octaose, and -decaose, which represent 3- to 4-fold reduced affinity compared with AgaA-E147S. Molecular dynamics simulations and interaction analyses of AgaA-E147S/D271A indicated disruption of an extended H-bond network supporting that D271 is critical for the functional SBS. Notably, neither AgaA-E147S/W87A nor AgaA-E147S/W277A, designed to eliminate stacking with galactose residues at subsites O and Q, respectively, were produced in soluble form. W87 and W277 may thus control correct folding and structural integrity of AgaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helen Webb
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Murielle Jam
- Laboratory for Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Laboratory for Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Roscoff, France
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Salmeán AA, Guillouzo A, Duffieux D, Jam M, Matard-Mann M, Larocque R, Pedersen HL, Michel G, Czjzek M, Willats WGT, Hervé C. Double blind microarray-based polysaccharide profiling enables parallel identification of uncharacterized polysaccharides and carbohydrate-binding proteins with unknown specificities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2500. [PMID: 29410423 PMCID: PMC5802718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are one of the largest sources of carbon on the planet. The microbial degradation of algal polysaccharides to their constitutive sugars is a cornerstone in the global carbon cycle in oceans. Marine polysaccharides are highly complex and heterogeneous, and poorly understood. This is also true for marine microbial proteins that specifically degrade these substrates and when characterized, they are frequently ascribed to new protein families. Marine (meta)genomic datasets contain large numbers of genes with functions putatively assigned to carbohydrate processing, but for which empirical biochemical activity is lacking. There is a paucity of knowledge on both sides of this protein/carbohydrate relationship. Addressing this 'double blind' problem requires high throughput strategies that allow large scale screening of protein activities, and polysaccharide occurrence. Glycan microarrays, in particular the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) method, are powerful in screening large collections of glycans and we described the integration of this technology to a medium throughput protein expression system focused on marine genes. This methodology (Double Blind CoMPP or DB-CoMPP) enables us to characterize novel polysaccharide-binding proteins and to relate their ligands to algal clades. This data further indicate the potential of the DB-CoMPP technique to accommodate samples of all biological sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A Salmeán
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexia Guillouzo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Duffieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Henriette L Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- William G.T. Willats, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
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11
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Matard-Mann M, Bernard T, Leroux C, Barbeyron T, Larocque R, Préchoux A, Jeudy A, Jam M, Nyvall Collén P, Michel G, Czjzek M. Structural insights into marine carbohydrate degradation by family GH16 κ-carrageenases. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19919-19934. [PMID: 29030427 PMCID: PMC5712629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenans are sulfated α-1,3-β-1,4-galactans found in the cell wall of some red algae that are practically valuable for their gelation and biomimetic properties but also serve as a potential carbon source for marine bacteria. Carbohydrate degradation has been studied extensively for terrestrial plant/bacterial systems, but sulfation is not present in these cases, meaning the marine enzymes used to degrade carrageenans must possess unique features to recognize these modifications. To gain insights into these features, we have focused on κ-carrageenases from two distant bacterial phyla, which belong to glycoside hydrolase family 16 and cleave the β-1,4 linkage of κ-carrageenan. We have solved the crystal structure of the catalytic module of ZgCgkA from Zobellia galactanivorans at 1.66 Å resolution and compared it with the only other structure available, that of PcCgkA from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora 9T (ATCC 43555T). We also describe the first substrate complex in the inactivated mutant form of PcCgkA at 1.7 Å resolution. The structural and biochemical comparison of these enzymes suggests key determinants that underlie the functional properties of this subfamily. In particular, we identified several arginine residues that interact with the polyanionic substrate, and confirmed the functional relevance of these amino acids using a targeted mutagenesis strategy. These results give new insight into the diversity of the κ-carrageenase subfamily. The phylogenetic analyses show the presence of several distinct clades of enzymes that relate to differences in modes of action or subtle differences within the same substrate specificity, matching the hybrid character of the κ-carrageenan polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Matard-Mann
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- Amadéite SAS, "Pôle Biotechnologique" du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France
| | - Thomas Bernard
- the Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixed de Recherche 6098, CNRS, Universités Aix-Marseille I and II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédric Leroux
- the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France, and
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Aurélie Préchoux
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France, and
| | - Murielle Jam
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pi Nyvall Collén
- Amadéite SAS, "Pôle Biotechnologique" du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France,
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12
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Ficko-Blean E, Préchoux A, Thomas F, Rochat T, Larocque R, Zhu Y, Stam M, Génicot S, Jam M, Calteau A, Viart B, Ropartz D, Pérez-Pascual D, Correc G, Matard-Mann M, Stubbs KA, Rogniaux H, Jeudy A, Barbeyron T, Médigue C, Czjzek M, Vallenet D, McBride MJ, Duchaud E, Michel G. Carrageenan catabolism is encoded by a complex regulon in marine heterotrophic bacteria. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29162826 PMCID: PMC5698469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae contribute substantially to primary production in coastal ecosystems. Their biomass, mainly consisting of polysaccharides, is cycled into the environment by marine heterotrophic bacteria using largely uncharacterized mechanisms. Here we describe the complete catabolic pathway for carrageenans, major cell wall polysaccharides of red macroalgae, in the marine heterotrophic bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. Carrageenan catabolism relies on a multifaceted carrageenan-induced regulon, including a non-canonical polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) and genes distal to the PUL, including a susCD-like pair. The carrageenan utilization system is well conserved in marine Bacteroidetes but modified in other phyla of marine heterotrophic bacteria. The core system is completed by additional functions that might be assumed by non-orthologous genes in different species. This complex genetic structure may be the result of multiple evolutionary events including gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers. These results allow for an extension on the definition of bacterial PUL-mediated polysaccharide digestion. Carrageenans, major cell wall polysaccharides of red macroalgae, are metabolised by marine heterotrophic bacteria through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors identify an unusual polysaccharide-utilization locus encoding carrageenan catabolism in a marine bacterium, and characterise the complete pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Aurélie Préchoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Tatiana Rochat
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yongtao Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark Stam
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Sabine Génicot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Benjamin Viart
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Correc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Claudine Médigue
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - David Vallenet
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Mark J McBride
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eric Duchaud
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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Torode TA, Siméon A, Marcus SE, Jam M, Le Moigne MA, Duffieux D, Knox JP, Hervé C. Dynamics of cell wall assembly during early embryogenesis in the brown alga Fucus. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:6089-6100. [PMID: 27811078 PMCID: PMC5100021 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zygotes from Fucus species have been used extensively to study cell polarization and rhizoid outgrowth, and in this model system cell wall deposition aligns with the establishment of polarity. Monoclonal antibodies are essential tools for the in situ analysis of cell wall glycans, and here we report the characteristics of six monoclonal antibodies to alginates (BAM6-BAM11). The use of these, in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies to brown algal sulfated fucans, has enabled the study of the developmental dynamics of the Fucus zygote cell walls. Young zygotes are spherical and all alginate epitopes are deposited uniformly following cellulose deposition. At germination, sulfated fucans are secreted in the growing rhizoid wall. The redistribution of cell wall epitopes was investigated during treatments that cause reorientation of the growth axis (change in light direction) or disrupt rhizoid development (arabinogalactan-protein-reactive Yariv reagent). Alginate modeling was drastically impaired in the latter, and both treatments cause a redistribution of highly sulfated fucan epitopes. The dynamics of cell wall glycans in this system have been visualized in situ for the first time, leading to an enhanced understanding of the early developmental mechanisms of Fucus species. These sets of monoclonal antibodies significantly extend the available molecular tools for brown algal cell wall studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Torode
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amandine Siméon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Duffieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
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14
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Jam M, Ficko-Blean E, Labourel A, Larocque R, Czjzek M, Michel G. Unraveling the multivalent binding of a marine family 6 carbohydrate-binding module with its native laminarin ligand. FEBS J 2016; 283:1863-79. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
| | - Aurore Labourel
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex Bretagne France
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15
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Hervé C, Siméon A, Jam M, Cassin A, Johnson KL, Salmeán AA, Willats WGT, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Kloareg B. Arabinogalactan proteins have deep roots in eukaryotes: identification of genes and epitopes in brown algae and their role in Fucus serratus embryo development. New Phytol 2016; 209:1428-41. [PMID: 26667994 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated, hydroxyproline-rich proteins found at the cell surface of plants, where they play key roles in developmental processes. Brown algae are marine, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. They belong to the phylum Stramenopiles, which is unrelated to land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida). Brown algae share common evolutionary features with other multicellular organisms, including a carbohydrate-rich cell wall. They differ markedly from plants in their cell wall composition, and AGPs have not been reported in brown algae. Here we investigated the presence of chimeric AGP-like core proteins in this lineage. We report that the genome sequence of the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus encodes AGP protein backbone motifs, in a gene context that differs considerably from what is known in land plants. We showed the occurrence of AGP glycan epitopes in a range of brown algal cell wall extracts. We demonstrated that these chimeric AGP-like core proteins are developmentally regulated in embryos of the order Fucales and showed that AGP loss of function seriously impairs the course of early embryogenesis. Our findings shine a new light on the role of AGPs in cell wall sensing and raise questions about the origin and evolution of AGPs in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Amandine Siméon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Andrew Cassin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Armando A Salmeán
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika S Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
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Torode TA, Marcus SE, Jam M, Tonon T, Blackburn RS, Hervé C, Knox JP. Monoclonal antibodies directed to fucoidan preparations from brown algae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118366. [PMID: 25692870 PMCID: PMC4333822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell walls of the brown algae contain a diverse range of polysaccharides with useful bioactivities. The precise structures of the sulfated fucan/fucoidan group of polysaccharides and their roles in generating cell wall architectures and cell properties are not known in detail. Four rat monoclonal antibodies, BAM1 to BAM4, directed to sulfated fucan preparations, have been generated and used to dissect the heterogeneity of brown algal cell wall polysaccharides. BAM1 and BAM4, respectively, bind to a non-sulfated epitope and a sulfated epitope present in the sulfated fucan preparations. BAM2 and BAM3 identified additional distinct epitopes present in the fucoidan preparations. All four epitopes, not yet fully characterised, occur widely within the major brown algal taxonomic groups and show divergent distribution patterns in tissues. The analysis of cell wall extractions and fluorescence imaging reveal differences in the occurrence of the BAM1 to BAM4 epitopes in various tissues of Fucus vesiculosus. In Ectocarpus subulatus, a species closely related to the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus, the BAM4 sulfated epitope was modulated in relation to salinity levels. This new set of monoclonal antibodies will be useful for the dissection of the highly complex and yet poorly resolved sulfated polysaccharides in the brown algae in relation to their ecological and economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Torode
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Richard S. Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Labourel A, Jam M, Legentil L, Sylla B, Hehemann JH, Ferrières V, Czjzek M, Michel G. Structural and biochemical characterization of the laminarinaseZgLamCGH16fromZobellia galactanivoranssuggests preferred recognition of branched laminarin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:173-84. [DOI: 10.1107/s139900471402450x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminarin is a β-1,3-D-glucan displaying occasional β-1,6 branches. This storage polysaccharide of brown algae constitutes an abundant source of carbon for marine bacteria such asZobellia galactanivorans. This marine member of the Bacteroidetes possesses five putative β-1,3-glucanases [four belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16) and one to GH64] with various modular architectures. Here, the characterization of the β-glucanaseZgLamC is reported. The catalytic GH16 module (ZgLamCGH16) was produced inEscherichia coliand purified. This recombinant enzyme has a preferential specificity for laminarin but also a significant activity on mixed-linked glucan (MLG). The structure of an inactive mutant ofZgLamCGH16in complex with a thio-β-1,3-hexaglucan substrate unravelled a straight active-site cleft with three additional pockets flanking subsites −1, −2 and −3. These lateral pockets are occupied by a glycerol, an acetate ion and a chloride ion, respectively. The presence of these molecules in the vicinity of the O6 hydroxyl group of each glucose moiety suggests thatZgLamCGH16accommodates branched laminarins as substrates. Altogether,ZgLamC is a secreted laminarinase that is likely to be involved in the initial step of degradation of branched laminarin, while the previously characterizedZgLamA efficiently degrades unbranched laminarin and oligo-laminarins.
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Ropartz D, Giuliani A, Hervé C, Geairon A, Jam M, Czjzek M, Rogniaux H. High-Energy Photon Activation Tandem Mass Spectrometry Provides Unprecedented Insights into the Structure of Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides Extracted from Macroalgal Cell Walls. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1042-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5036007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Alexandre Giuliani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UAR 1008
CEPIA,
INRA, F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Geairon
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
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Martin M, Biver S, Steels S, Barbeyron T, Jam M, Portetelle D, Michel G, Vandenbol M. Identification and characterization of a halotolerant, cold-active marine endo-β-1,4-glucanase by using functional metagenomics of seaweed-associated microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:4958-67. [PMID: 24907332 PMCID: PMC4135742 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01194-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A metagenomic library was constructed from microorganisms associated with the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Functional screening of this library revealed 13 novel putative esterase loci and two glycoside hydrolase loci. Sequence and gene cluster analysis showed the wide diversity of the identified enzymes and gave an idea of the microbial populations present during the sample collection period. Lastly, an endo-β-1,4-glucanase having less than 50% identity to sequences of known cellulases was purified and partially characterized, showing activity at low temperature and after prolonged incubation in concentrated salt solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Martin
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Biver
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Steels
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Daniel Portetelle
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Micheline Vandenbol
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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20
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Labourel A, Jam M, Jeudy A, Hehemann JH, Czjzek M, Michel G. The β-glucanase ZgLamA from Zobellia galactanivorans evolved a bent active site adapted for efficient degradation of algal laminarin. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2027-42. [PMID: 24337571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminarinase is commonly used to describe β-1,3-glucanases widespread throughout Archaea, bacteria, and several eukaryotic lineages. Some β-1,3-glucanases have already been structurally and biochemically characterized, but very few from organisms that are in contact with genuine laminarin, the storage polysaccharide of brown algae. Here we report the heterologous expression and subsequent biochemical and structural characterization of ZgLamAGH16 from Zobellia galactanivorans, the first GH16 laminarinase from a marine bacterium associated with seaweeds. ZgLamAGH16 contains a unique additional loop, compared with other GH16 laminarinases, which is composed of 17 amino acids and gives a bent shape to the active site cleft of the enzyme. This particular topology is perfectly adapted to the U-shaped conformation of laminarin chains in solution and thus explains the predominant specificity of ZgLamAGH16 for this substrate. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and two enzyme-substrate complexes, one with laminaritetraose and the other with a trisaccharide of 1,3-1,4-β-d-glucan, have been determined at 1.5, 1.35, and 1.13 Å resolution, respectively. The structural comparison of substrate recognition pattern between these complexes allows the proposition that ZgLamAGH16 likely diverged from an ancestral broad specificity GH16 β-glucanase and evolved toward a bent active site topology adapted to efficient degradation of algal laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Labourel
- From Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France and
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Thomas F, Lundqvist LCE, Jam M, Jeudy A, Barbeyron T, Sandström C, Michel G, Czjzek M. Comparative characterization of two marine alginate lyases from Zobellia galactanivorans reveals distinct modes of action and exquisite adaptation to their natural substrate. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23021-37. [PMID: 23782694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.467217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell walls of brown algae are complex supramolecular assemblies containing various original, sulfated, and carboxylated polysaccharides. Among these, the major marine polysaccharide component, alginate, represents an important biomass that is successfully turned over by the heterotrophic marine bacteria. In the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans, the catabolism and uptake of alginate are encoded by operon structures that resemble the typical Bacteroidetes polysaccharide utilization locus. The genome of Z. galactanivorans contains seven putative alginate lyase genes, five of which are localized within two clusters comprising additional carbohydrate-related genes. This study reports on the detailed biochemical and structural characterization of two of these. We demonstrate here that AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase, and AlyA5 cleaves unsaturated units, α-L-guluronate or β-D-manuronate residues, at the nonreducing end of oligo-alginates in an exolytic fashion. Despite a common jelly roll-fold, these striking differences of the mode of action are explained by a distinct active site topology, an open cleft in AlyA1(PL7), whereas AlyA5 displays a pocket topology due to the presence of additional loops partially obstructing the catalytic groove. Finally, in contrast to PL7 alginate lyases from terrestrial bacteria, both enzymes proceed according to a calcium-dependent mechanism suggesting an exquisite adaptation to their natural substrate in the context of brown algal cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Thomas
- University of Marie and Pierre Curie Paris 6, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France
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Czjzek M, Thomas F, Rebuffet E, Hehemann JH, Jam M, Correc G, Barbeyron T, Michel G. Structural determinants for the specific recognition of algal cell wall polysaccharides: examples of agarases and alginate lyases. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312099254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hehemann JH, Correc G, Thomas F, Bernard T, Barbeyron T, Jam M, Helbert W, Michel G, Czjzek M. Biochemical and structural characterization of the complex agarolytic enzyme system from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30571-84. [PMID: 22778272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.377184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zobellia galactanivorans is an emerging model bacterium for the bioconversion of algal biomass. Notably, this marine Bacteroidetes possesses a complex agarolytic system comprising four β-agarases and five β-porphyranases, all belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 16. Although β-agarases are specific for the neutral agarobiose moieties, the recently discovered β-porphyranases degrade the sulfated polymers found in various quantities in natural agars. Here, we report the biochemical and structural comparison of five β-porphyranases and β-agarases from Z. galactanivorans. The respective degradation patterns of two β-porphyranases and three β-agarases are analyzed by their action on defined hybrid oligosaccharides. In light of the high resolution crystal structures, the biochemical results allowed a detailed mapping of substrate specificities along the active site groove of the enzymes. Although PorA displays a strict requirement for C6-sulfate in the -2- and +1-binding subsites, PorB tolerates the presence of 3-6-anhydro-l-galactose in subsite -2. Both enzymes do not accept methylation of the galactose unit in the -1 subsite. The β-agarase AgaD requires at least four consecutive agarose units (DP8) and is highly intolerant to modifications, whereas for AgaB oligosaccharides containing C6-sulfate groups at the -4, +1, and +3 positions are still degraded. Together with a transcriptional analysis of the expression of these enzymes, the structural and biochemical results allow proposition of a model scheme for the agarolytic system of Z. galactanivorans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules UMR 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F 29682 Roscoff, France
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24
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Lundqvist LC, Jam M, Barbeyron T, Czjzek M, Sandström C. Substrate specificity of the recombinant alginate lyase from the marine bacteria Pseudomonas alginovora. Carbohydr Res 2012; 352:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gosselin P, Oulhen N, Jam M, Ronzca J, Cormier P, Czjzek M, Cosson B. The translational repressor 4E-BP called to order by eIF4E: new structural insights by SAXS. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:3496-503. [PMID: 21183464 PMCID: PMC3082885 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP) inhibits translation of capped mRNA by binding to the initiation factor eIF4E and is known to be mostly or completely unstructured in both free and bound states. Using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we report here the analysis of 4E-BP structure in solution, which reveals that while 4E-BP is intrinsically disordered in the free state, it undergoes a dramatic compaction in the bound state. Our results demonstrate that 4E-BP and eIF4E form a ‘fuzzy complex’, challenging current visions of eIF4E/4E-BP complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gosselin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7150, Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction Cycle Cellulaire et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France.
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Mei P, Almanza-Workman M, Chaiken A, Cobene RL, Elder R, Garcia B, Jackson W, Jam M, Jeans A, Kim HJ, Kwon O, Luo H, Perlov C, Taussig C. Nanofabrication for transistor matrix produced by self-aligned imprint lithography. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:7419-7422. [PMID: 21137949 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach of combining nanofabrication techniques with roll-to-roll fabrication of thin film transistor backplanes for flexible display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mei
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Rebuffet E, Barbeyron T, Jeudy A, Jam M, Czjzek M, Michel G. Identification of Catalytic Residues and Mechanistic Analysis of Family GH82 ι-Carrageenases. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7590-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Rebuffet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Marine Plants and Biomolecules UMR 7139, Station Biologique, 29682, Roscoff, France
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Bhattacharyya S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Jam M, Dudeja PK, Michel G, Linhardt RJ, Tobacman JK. Carrageenan-induced innate immune response is modified by enzymes that hydrolyze distinct galactosidic bonds. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:906-13. [PMID: 19864123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The common food additive carrageenan (CGN) predictably induces intestinal inflammation in animal models. Mechanisms of CGN-induced nuclear factor κB and interleukin-8 (IL-8) stimulation include an immune-mediated pathway involving toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathway. To determine how the structure of CGN contributes to its initiation of inflammation through these two distinct mechanisms, we treated CGNs with galactosidases and carrageenases (CGNases) and determined the impact on IL-8 secretion and BCL10 production. Hydrolysis of CGN by the enzyme α-1→(3,6)-galactosidase significantly reduced increases in IL-8 and BCL10, but other galactosidases tested, including α-1→6-galactosidase, β-1→4-galactosidase and β-1→3,6-galactosidase, had no effect. In contrast, specific κ-CGNases or ι-CGNases, which hydrolyze β-1,4-galactosidic bonds, produced increases in IL-8 and BCL10 attributable to increased exposure of the immunogenic α-1→3-galactosidic epitope of CGN to TLR4. These results were consistent with induction of innate immune response by an interaction of TLR4 with the unusual α-d-Gal-(1→3)-d-Gal epitope present in CGN. Activation of the ROS-mediated pathway was unaffected by treatment of κ-CGN with either κ-CGNase (3 mg/L), α-1→(3,6)-galactosidase (20 mU/ml) or these enzymes in combination, indicating that changes in IL-8 production were attributable to the effects of induction of inflammation on the TLR4-BCL10-mediated innate immune pathway. These findings provide new information about the specificity of carbohydrate-protein interaction between CGN and TLR4 and may help to devise treatments that modify the immune reactivity induced by carbohydrate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Dabin J, Jam M, Czjzek M, Michel G. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the polysaccharide lyase RB5312 from the marine planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:224-7. [PMID: 18323615 PMCID: PMC2374145 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108004387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide lyases belonging to family PL1 act on pectins. These anionic polymers are usually produced by terrestrial plants and therefore pectinolytic enzymes are not frequently observed in marine microorganisms. The protein RB5312 from the marine bacterium Rhodopirellula baltica is distantly related to family PL1 pectate lyases, but its exact function is unclear. In this study, the expression and purification of a recombinant form of RB5312 are described. This protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belongs to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 39.05, b = 144.05, c = 153.97 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. A complete data set was collected to 1.8 A resolution from a native crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Dabin
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- CNRS, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- CNRS, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- CNRS, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- CNRS, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
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Flament D, Barbeyron T, Jam M, Potin P, Czjzek M, Kloareg B, Michel G. Alpha-agarases define a new family of glycoside hydrolases, distinct from beta-agarase families. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4691-4. [PMID: 17513582 PMCID: PMC1932826 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00496-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the alpha-agarase from "Alteromonas agarilytica" (proposed name) has been cloned and sequenced. The gene product (154 kDa) is unrelated to beta-agarases and instead belongs to a new family of glycoside hydrolases (GH96). The alpha-agarase also displays a complex modularity, with the presence of five thrombospondin type 3 repeats and three carbohydrate-binding modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Flament
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique, F-29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
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Colin S, Deniaud E, Jam M, Descamps V, Chevolot Y, Kervarec N, Yvin JC, Barbeyron T, Michel G, Kloareg B. Cloning and biochemical characterization of the fucanase FcnA: definition of a novel glycoside hydrolase family specific for sulfated fucans. Glycobiology 2006; 16:1021-32. [PMID: 16880504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated fucans are matrix polysaccharides from marine brown algae, consisting of an alpha-L-fucose backbone substituted by sulfate-ester groups, masked with ramifications, and containing other monosaccharide residues. We here report on the characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase (FcnA) specific for the degradation of sulfated fucans. This glycoside hydrolase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a Flavobacteriaceae referred to as SW5. The gene fcnA was cloned and sequenced (3021 nucleotides), and the protein (1007 amino acids) was produced in Escherichia coli. FcnA exhibited a modular architecture consisting of a 400-residue-long N-terminal domain followed by three repeated domains predicted to adopt an immunoglobulin fold and by an 80-amino acid-long C-terminal domain. A truncated recombinant protein encompassing the N-terminal domain and the immunoglobulin-like repeats was shown to retain the enzyme activity. The N-terminal catalytic domain shared approximately 25% of sequence identity with two patented fucanase genes, and these three fucanases delineate a new family of glycoside hydrolases. As shown by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H-NMR analyses, the fucanase FcnA proceeds according to an endolytic mode of action and cleaves the alpha-(1-->4) glycosidic linkages within the blocks of repeating motifs [-->4)-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-2,3-disulfate-(1-->3)-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-2-sulfate-(1-->]n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Colin
- Equipe Glycobiologie Marine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7139, Station Biologique, F-29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
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Descamps V, Colin S, Lahaye M, Jam M, Richard C, Potin P, Barbeyron T, Yvin JC, Kloareg B. Isolation and culture of a marine bacterium degrading the sulfated fucans from marine brown algae. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2006; 8:27-39. [PMID: 16222488 PMCID: PMC4273248 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-5107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidans are matrix polysaccharides from marine brown algae, consisting of an alpha-L-fucose backbone substituted by sulfate-ester groups and masked with ramifications containing other monosaccharide residues. In spite of their interest as biologically active compounds in a number of homologous and heterologous systems, no convenient sources with fucanase activity are available yet for the degradation of the fucalean algae. We here report on the isolation, characterization, and culture conditions of a bacterial strain capable of degrading various brown algal fucoidans. This bacterium, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, was shown to secrete fucoidan endo-hydrolase activity. An extracellular enzyme preparation was used to degrade the fucoidan from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata. End products included a tetrasaccharide and a hexasaccharide made of the repetition of disaccharidic units consisting of alpha-1-->3-L-fucopyranose-2-sulfate-alpha-1-->4-L-fucopyranose-2,3-disulfate, with the 3-linked residues at the nonreducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Descamps
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Sébastien Colin
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- />leurs Organisations et Interactions, INRA, Unité de Recherche sur les Polysaccharides, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes cedex 03, Brittany France
| | - Murielle Jam
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Christophe Richard
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Philippe Potin
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- />UMR 7139 (CNRS, Laboratoires Goëmar and Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany France
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Jam M, Flament D, Allouch J, Potin P, Thion L, Kloareg B, Czjzek M, Helbert W, Michel G, Barbeyron T. The endo-beta-agarases AgaA and AgaB from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans: two paralogue enzymes with different molecular organizations and catalytic behaviours. Biochem J 2005; 385:703-13. [PMID: 15456406 PMCID: PMC1134745 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two beta-agarase genes, agaA and agaB, were functionally cloned from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. The agaA and agaB genes encode proteins of 539 and 353 amino acids respectively, with theoretical masses of 60 and 40 kDa. These two beta-agarases feature homologous catalytic domains belonging to family GH-16. However, AgaA displays a modular architecture, consisting of the catalytic domain (AgaAc) and two C-terminal domains of unknown function which are processed during secretion of the enzyme. In contrast, AgaB is composed of the catalytic module and a signal peptide similar to the N-terminal signature of prokaryotic lipoproteins, suggesting that this protein is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. Gel filtration and electrospray MS experiments demonstrate that AgaB is a dimer in solution, while AgaAc is a monomeric protein. AgaAc and AgaB were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both enzymes cleave the beta-(1-->4) linkages of agarose in a random manner and with retention of the anomeric configuration. Although they behave similarly towards liquid agarose, AgaAc is more efficient than AgaB in the degradation of agarose gels. Given these organizational and catalytic differences, we propose that, reminiscent of the agarolytic system of Pseudoalteromonas atlantica, AgaA is specialized in the initial attack on solid-phase agarose, while AgaB is involved with the degradation of agarose fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Jam
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Didier Flament
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Julie Allouch
- †Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098, (CNRS/UAM I & II), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille cedex 20, Provence, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Laurent Thion
- ‡Plate-forme de Génotypage de la Ouest-Génopôle, Station Biologique, CNRS FR 2424, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- †Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098, (CNRS/UAM I & II), 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille cedex 20, Provence, France
| | - William Helbert
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- *Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, UMR 7139 (CNRS/UPMC/Goëmar), Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, Bretagne, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
Agars are important gelifying agents for biochemical use and the food industry. To cleave the beta-1,4-linkages between beta-d-galactose and alpha-l-3,6-anhydro-galactose residues in the red algal galactans known as agars, marine bacteria produce polysaccharide hydrolases called beta-agarases. Beta-agarases A and B from Zobellia galactanivorans Dsij have recently been biochemically characterized. Here we report the first crystal structure of these two beta-agarases. The two proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli and crystallized, and the crystal structures were determined at 1.48 and 2.3 A for beta-agarases A and B, respectively. The structure of beta-agarase A was solved by the multiple anomalous diffraction method, whereas beta-agarase B was solved with molecular replacement using beta-agarase A as model. Their structures adopt a jelly roll fold with a deep active site channel harboring the catalytic machinery, namely the nucleophilic residues Glu-147 and Glu-184 and the acid/base residues Glu-152 and Glu-189 for beta-agarases A and B, respectively. The structures of the agarases were compared with those of two lichenases and of a kappa-carrageenase, which all belong to family 16 of the glycoside hydrolases in order to pinpoint the residues responsible for their widely differing substrate specificity. The relationship between structure and enzymatic activity of the two beta-agarases from Z. galactanivorans Dsij was studied by analysis of the degradation products starting with different oligosaccharides. The combination of the structural and biochemical results allowed the determination of the number of subsites present in the catalytic cleft of the beta-agarases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Allouch
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités Aix-Marseille I and II, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Jam M, Datta NS, Askari A. An unusual case of priapism. J Natl Med Assoc 1993; 85:473-4. [PMID: 8366540 PMCID: PMC2571870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A case of sickle cell disease with 63 documented episodes of priapism that were managed medically is presented. The case is very unusual because of the fact that despite so many episodes of priapism, he did not lose sexual potency. On the contrary, over a period of time, his penis hypertrophied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case with so many episodes of priapism reported in the English literature. We present a hypothesis for such unusual occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jam
- Department of Surgery, King-Drew Medical Center, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
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