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Yu Z, Wang Z, Liu L. Electrophysiological techniques in marine microalgae study: A new perspective for harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. Harmful Algae 2024; 134:102629. [PMID: 38705615 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques, by measuring bioelectrical signals and ion channel activities in tissues and cells, are now widely utilized to study ion channel-related physiological functions and their underlying mechanisms. Electrophysiological techniques have been extensively employed in the investigation of animals, plants, and microorganisms; however, their application in marine algae lags behind that in other organisms. In this paper, we present an overview of current electrophysiological techniques applicable to algae while reviewing the historical usage of such techniques in this field. Furthermore, we explore the potential specific applications of electrophysiological technology in harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. The application prospects in the studies of stress tolerance, competitive advantage, nutrient absorption, toxin synthesis and secretion by HAB microalgae are discussed and anticipated herein with the aim of providing novel perspectives on HAB investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhongshi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brian Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Leitão E, Castellanos DF, Park G, Dam HG. Antagonistic interactions of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under simultaneous warming and acidification. Harmful Algae 2024; 134:102625. [PMID: 38705619 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
There is a concern that harmful algal bloom (HAB) species may increase under climate change. Yet, we lack understanding of how ecological interactions will be affected under ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions. We tested the antagonistic effects of three strains of the dinoflagellate HAB species Alexandrium catenella on three target species (the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp., the cryptomonad Rhodomonas salina, and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) at various biomass ratios between species, at ambient (16 °C and 400 µatm CO2) and OWA (20 °C and 2000 µatm CO2) conditions. In these experiments the Alexandrium strains had been raised under OWA conditions for ∼100 generations. All three non-HAB species increased their growth rate under OWA relative to ambient conditions. Growth rate inhibition was evident for R. salina and Tetraselmis sp. under OWA conditions, but not under ambient conditions. These negative effects were exacerbated at higher concentrations of Alexandrium relative to non-HAB species. By contrast, T. weissflogii showed positive growth in the presence of two strains of Alexandrium under ambient conditions, whereas growth was unaffected under OWA. Contrary to our expectations, A. catenella had a slight negative response in the presence of the diatom. These results demonstrate that Alexandrium exerts higher antagonistic effects under OWA compared to ambient conditions, and these effects are species-specific and density dependent. These negative effects may shift phytoplankton community composition under OWA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewaldo Leitão
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Diana F Castellanos
- Biology Department, Pomona College, 175 W. 6th St., Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Gihong Park
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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3
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Xia X, Cheung S, Zhang S, Lu Y, Leung SK, Shi Z, Xu H, Gu B, Tan Y, Zeng H, Li Y, Liu H. Noctiluca scintillans bloom alters the composition and carbohydrate utilization of associated bacterial community and enriches potential pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. Water Res 2024; 249:120974. [PMID: 38101044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Noctiluca scintillans (red) is a widely distributed heterotrophic dinoflagellate and a prominent red tide forming species. This study investigated the effects of Noctiluca blooms on marine microbial diversity and functionality using multi-omics approaches. Our findings revealed significant differences in the community composition of Noctiluca-associated bacteria compared to those associated with autotrophic plankton and free-living bacteria in the surrounding seawater. The dominant bacterial groups within the Noctiluca-associated community shifted at various bloom stages, which could be attributed to changes in prey composition of Noctiluca. During the non-bloom stage, Burkholderiaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae dominated the community, while Vibrionaceae became dominant during the bloom stage, and Saprospiraceae, Crocinitomicaceae, and Pirellulaceae thrived during the post-bloom stage. Compared to the non-bloom stage, Noctiluca-associated bacterial community at the bloom stage exhibited significant down-regulation of genes related to complex carbohydrate metabolism, while up-regulation of genes related to glucose transportation and utilization. Furthermore, we identified Vibrio anguillarum, a potential pathogenic bacterium to marine fish, as a major component of the Vibrionaceae family during the bloom stage. The occurrence of V. anguillarum associated with Noctiluca blooms may be attributed to the increased availability of its preferred carbon sources and its high capabilities in glucose transportation, motility and chemotaxis. Moreover, the presence of Vibrio infection genes (hap, hlyA, rtxA) encoding vibriolysin, hemolysin, and RTX (Repeats-in-toxin) toxin in the V. anguillarum genome, with the hap gene showing high expression levels during Noctiluca blooms, indicates an elevated risk of infection. This study underscores the unique composition of the bacterial community associated with red tide forming heterotrophic dinoflagellates and suggests that Noctiluca cells may serve as reservoirs and vectors for pathogenic bacteria, potentially posing a threat to fish-farming and the health of other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shunyan Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanhong Lu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Ki Leung
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huo Xu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bowei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Tang JQ, Shen QH, Han YY, Wu Y, He XF, Li DW, Huang Y. Analysis of research status and trends on marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins: A bibliometric study based on web of science database and VOSviewer. Environ Res 2023; 238:117179. [PMID: 37748671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins, potent bioactive compounds with wide-ranging presence in marine ecosystems, have surged in response to global climate change and human activities, prompting an urgent and imperative inquiry. This study conducts an in-depth review of contemporary research concerning these toxins, employing meticulous bibliometric analysis. Leveraging a dataset of 736 relevant literatures sourced from the Web of Science (spanning from 2000 to May 2023), our analysis delves comprehensively into the scientific discourse surrounding these toxic compounds. Employing tools such as VOSviewer, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and cluster analysis, our study yields nuanced insights into the intricate characteristics and trajectories of the field. The co-citation analysis underscores the pivotal role played by benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellates like Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus in shaping prevailing research trends. Our study identifies four distinct research directions, encompassing the domains of ecology, toxicology, toxin production, and taxonomy. Moreover, it traces the evolutionary journey of research stages, marking the transition from a focus on taxonomy to an emphasis on unraveling molecular mechanisms. The culmination of our comprehensive analysis yields three pertinent research recommendations: a call for widescale global studies, the advancement of rapid toxin monitoring techniques, and a deeper exploration of the factors influencing toxin synthesis and toxicity. These findings provide invaluable insights to researchers grappling with the complex realm of harmful algal blooms and substantially enrich the understanding of this pivotal and pressing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qian Tang
- Department of Subject Service and Consultation, Jinan University Library, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qian-Hui Shen
- Department of Subject Service and Consultation, Jinan University Library, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yao-Yao Han
- Department of Subject Service and Consultation, Jinan University Library, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Subject Service and Consultation, Jinan University Library, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiang-Feng He
- Library of Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Library of Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, China.
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5
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Kang Y, Gobler CJ. Nitrogen liberated via allelopathy can promote harmful algal blooms. Harmful Algae 2023; 129:102490. [PMID: 37951604 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a biological mechanism that can promote harmful algal blooms (HAB) via the inhibition of sympatric phytoplankton. While nutrient loading can also promote HABs, the ability of allelopathy to stimulate HABs via the regeneration of nutrients has yet to be explored. To examine the impacts of allelopathically liberated N on HAB species, a series of experiments were performed using multiple allelopathic HAB species including the dinoflagellates Alexandrium catenella and Margalefidinium polykrikoides, and the pelagophyte, Aureoumbra lagunensis. These HAB species were paired with the cosmopolitan dinoflagellate, Akashiwo sanguinea, that was labeled with 15NO3- or 15NH4+, allowing the release and transfer of N to be traced as a time course during allelopathic interactions. During all experiments, the allelopathic inhibition of Akashiwo was accompanied by increases in cell densities, growth rates, and the δ15N content of the HAB species, evidencing the transfer of N liberated from Akashiwo. The cellular transfer of 15N and release of dissolved N was higher when Akashiwo was grown with 15NO3- compared to 15NH4+ suggesting a differential subcellular-compartmentalization of N sources. Regardless of the type of N, HAB species obtained 60 - 100% of their cellular N from lysed Akashiwo cells and there was an enrichment of the δ15N content of the dissolved NH4+ pool post-lysis of Akashiwo. Collectively, the results demonstrate that beyond facilitating species succession, allelopathy can supply HABs with N and, therefore, is likely important for promoting and sustaining HABs. Given that allelopathy is known to be a dose-dependent process, allelopathy may induce a positive feedback loop, whereby competitors are lysed, N is liberated, HABs are intensified and, in turn, become more strongly allelopathic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonja Kang
- Chonnam National University, Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
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Macêdo RL, Haubrock PJ, Rocha O. Towards effective management of the marine-origin Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyta): A growing concern in freshwater reservoirs? Harmful Algae 2023; 129:102513. [PMID: 37951608 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are highly susceptible to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are often caused by monospecific dense blooms. Effective preventive management strategies are urgently needed to avoid wide-ranging and severe impacts often resulting in costly damage to resources and unsustainable management options. In this study, we utilized SDM techniques focused on Prymnesium parvum, one of the most notorious HABs species worldwide. We first compare the climatic space occupied by P. parvum in North America, Europe and Australia. Additionally, we use MaxEnt algorithm to infer, for the first time, the potentially suitable freshwater environments in the aforementioned ranges. We also discuss the risks of invasion in reservoirs - prone habitats to persistent blooms of pests and invasive phytoplanktonic species. Our results show populations with distinctive niches suggesting ecophysiological tolerances, perhaps reflecting different strains. Our model projections revealed that the potential extent for P. parvum invasions is much broader than its current geographic distribution. The spatial configuration of reservoirs, if not sustaining dense blooms due to non-optimal conditions, favors colonization of multiple basins and ecoregions not yet occupied by P. parvum. Our models can provide valuable insights to decision-makers and monitoring programs while reducing the resources required to control the spread of P. parvum in disturbed habitats. Lastly, as impact magnitude is influenced by toxicity which in turn varies between different strains, we suggest future studies to incorporate intraspecific genetic information and fine-scale environmental variables to estimate potential distribution of P. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; CAMB, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
| | - Odete Rocha
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Gianella F, Burrows MT, Davidson K. The relationship between salmon (Salmo salar) farming and cell abundance of harmful algal taxa. Harmful Algae 2023; 129:102512. [PMID: 37951607 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nutrient effluents from fish cage aquaculture are an important eutrophication concern. It has been proposed that marine fish farm derived nutrients have the potential to increase phytoplankton abundance and lead to intensification of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), and that these blooms may negatively impact both the finfish and the shellfish industry. This study addressed this hypothesis using farmed salmon biomass in Scottish marine waters (as a proxy for nutrient load added to the water column as a consequence of fish farming) cell abundance of HAB taxa that most frequently impact shellfish farms and human health in the region (Dinophysis spp., Alexandrium spp. and Pseudo-nitzschia spp.), and cell abundance of one phytoplankton species of particular concern to the salmon farming industry (Karenia mikimotoi). Data from a 15-year weekly HAB monitoring programme and parallel national monitoring data relating to salmon farm stocking biomass were summarised in 5 km per 5 km aggregation boxes. Linear regression models were used to assess (i) inter-annual variation in cell abundance and total annual farmed salmon biomass; (ii) intra-annual (monthly) variation in harmful phytoplankton cell abundance and salmon biomass; (iii) a further analysis included seasonal effects within the intra-annual analysis. Farmed salmon biomass alone had a non-significant effect on cell abundance of any of the studied phytoplankton taxa. In contrast, a significant effect on cell abundance was found when using location, month or season as the predictive variable. Despite the non-significant impact of fish biomass on phytoplankton counts, the relationship varied seasonally, with a different response of Dinophysis spp. indicating a taxa specific interaction. A possible explanation for the lack of a significant relationship between farmed salmon and harmful phytoplankton cell abundance is that aquaculture farms are generally located in hydrodynamically energetic locations where recurrent flushing likely allows efficient dilution of nutrients. Overall, the analyses suggest that current levels of salmon farming activities do not markedly impact the abundance of routinely monitored biotoxin producing or fish killing phytoplankton taxa in Scottish waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Gianella
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Burrows
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
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Lee HJ, Shin M, Kim MS, Kim T, Lee KM, Park NB, Lee JC, Lee C. Removal of the red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides using chemical disinfectants. Water Res 2023; 242:120230. [PMID: 37392510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
For decades, red tide control has been recognized as necessary for mitigating financial damage to fish farms. Chemical disinfectants, frequently used for water disinfection, can reduce the risk of red tides on inland fish farms. This study systematically evaluated four different chemical disinfectants (ozone (O3), permanganate (MnO4-), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) for their potential use in inland fish farms to control red tides by investigating their (i) inactivation efficacy regarding C. polykrikoides, (ii) total residual oxidant and byproduct formation, and (iii) toxicity to fish. The inactivation efficacy of C. polykrikoides cells by chemical disinfectants from highest to lowest followed the order of O3 > MnO4- > NaOCl > H2O2 for different cell density conditions and disinfectant doses. The O3 and NaOCl treatments generated bromate as an oxidation byproduct by reacting with bromide ions in seawater. The acute toxicity tests of the disinfectants for juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major) showed that 72-h LC50 values were 1.35 (estimated), 0.39, 1.32, and 102.61 mg/L for O3, MnO4-, NaOCl, and H2O2, respectively. Considering the inactivation efficacy, exposure time of residual oxidants, byproduct formation, and toxicity toward fish, H2O2 is suggested as the most practical disinfectant for controlling red tides in inland fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Shin
- Korea Environment Corporation, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sik Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Myeong Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh-Back Park
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Government Complex Sejong, 5-dong, 94, Dasom2-ro, Sejong-City 30110, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ji N, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Xu M, Yin X, Shen X. Transcriptomic response of the harmful algae Heterosigma akashiwo to polyphosphate utilization and phosphate stress. Harmful Algae 2022; 117:102267. [PMID: 35944950 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major macronutrients necessary for phytoplankton growth. In some parts of the ocean, however, P is frequently scarce, hence, there is limited phytoplankton growth. To cope with P deficiency, phytoplankton evolved a variety of strategies, including, utilization of different P sources. Polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitously present and serves an essential function in aquatic environments, but it is unclear if and how this polymer is utilized by phytoplankton. Here, we examined the physiological and molecular responses of the widely present harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Heterosigma akashiwo in polyP utilization, and in coping with P-deficiency. Our results revealed that two forms of inorganic polyP, namely, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, support H. akashiwo growth as efficiently as orthophosphate. However, few genes involved in polyP utilization have been identified. Under P-deficient conditions, genes associated with P transport, dissolved organic P utilization, sulfolipid synthesis, and energy production, were markedly elevated. In summary, our results indicate that polyP is bioavailable to H. akashiwo, and this HAB species have evolved a comprehensive strategy to cope with P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang 222005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Junyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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10
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Kwok CSN, Lai KKY, Lam W, Xu SJL, Lam SW, Lee FWF. Proteome Analysis of Whole-Body Responses in Medaka Experimentally Exposed to Fish-Killing Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11625. [PMID: 34769058 PMCID: PMC8583777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Karenia mikimotoi is a well-known harmful algal bloom species. Blooms of this dinoflagellate have become a serious threat to marine life, including fish, shellfish, and zooplanktons and are usually associated with massive fish death. Despite the discovery of several toxins such as gymnocins and gymnodimines in K. mikimotoi, the mechanisms underlying the ichthyotoxicity of this species remain unclear, and molecular studies on this topic have never been reported. The present study investigates the fish-killing mechanisms of K. mikimotoi through comparative proteomic analysis. Marine medaka, a model fish organism, was exposed to K. mikimotoi for a three-part time period (LT25, LT50 and LT90). Proteins extracted from the whole fish were separated by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and differentially expressed proteins were identified with reference to an untreated control. The change in fish proteomes over the time-course of exposure were analyzed. A total of 35 differential protein spots covering 19 different proteins were identified, of which most began to show significant change in expression levels at the earliest stage of intoxication. Among the 19 identified proteins, some are closely related to the oxidative stress responses, energy metabolism, and muscle contraction. We propose that oxidative stress-mediated muscle damage might explain the symptoms developed during the ichthyotoxicity test, such as gasping for breath, loss of balance, and body twitching. Our findings lay the foundations for more in-depth studies of the mechanisms of K. mikimotoi's ichthyotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred Wang-Fat Lee
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China; (C.S.-N.K.); (K.K.-Y.L.); (W.L.); (S.J.-L.X.); (S.-W.L.)
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11
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Kieft B, Li Z, Bryson S, Hettich RL, Pan C, Mayali X, Mueller RS. Phytoplankton exudates and lysates support distinct microbial consortia with specialized metabolic and ecophysiological traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101178118. [PMID: 34620710 PMCID: PMC8521717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101178118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blooms of marine phytoplankton fix complex pools of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that are thought to be partitioned among hundreds of heterotrophic microbes at the base of the food web. While the relationship between microbial consumers and phytoplankton DOM is a key component of marine carbon cycling, microbial loop metabolism is largely understood from model organisms and substrates. Here, we took an untargeted approach to measure and analyze partitioning of four distinct phytoplankton-derived DOM pools among heterotrophic populations in a natural microbial community using a combination of ecogenomics, stable isotope probing (SIP), and proteomics. Each 13C-labeled exudate or lysate from a diatom or a picocyanobacterium was preferentially assimilated by different heterotrophic taxa with specialized metabolic and physiological adaptations. Bacteroidetes populations, with their unique high-molecular-weight transporters, were superior competitors for DOM derived from diatom cell lysis, rapidly increasing growth rates and ribosomal protein expression to produce new relatively high C:N biomass. Proteobacteria responses varied, with relatively low levels of assimilation by Gammaproteobacteria populations, while copiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria such as the Roseobacter clade, with their diverse array of ABC- and TRAP-type transporters to scavenge monomers and nitrogen-rich metabolites, accounted for nearly all cyanobacteria exudate assimilation and produced new relatively low C:N biomass. Carbon assimilation rates calculated from SIP data show that exudate and lysate from two common marine phytoplankton are being used by taxonomically distinct sets of heterotrophic populations with unique metabolic adaptations, providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of consumer succession and carbon use during marine bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kieft
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;
| | - Zhou Li
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Samuel Bryson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - Chongle Pan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Ryan S Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;
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12
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Anderson DM, Fachon E, Pickart RS, Lin P, Fischer AD, Richlen ML, Uva V, Brosnahan ML, McRaven L, Bahr F, Lefebvre K, Grebmeier JM, Danielson SL, Lyu Y, Fukai Y. Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107387118. [PMID: 34607950 PMCID: PMC8521661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107387118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide, has been a significant threat to human health in southeastern Alaska for centuries. It is known to be transported into Arctic regions in waters transiting northward through the Bering Strait, yet there is little recognition of this organism as a human health concern north of the Strait. Here, we describe an exceptionally large A. catenella benthic cyst bed and hydrographic conditions across the Chukchi Sea that support germination and development of recurrent, locally originating and self-seeding blooms. Two prominent cyst accumulation zones result from deposition promoted by weak circulation. Cyst concentrations are among the highest reported globally for this species, and the cyst bed is at least 6× larger in area than any other. These extraordinary accumulations are attributed to repeated inputs from advected southern blooms and to localized cyst formation and deposition. Over the past two decades, warming has likely increased the magnitude of the germination flux twofold and advanced the timing of cell inoculation into the euphotic zone by 20 d. Conditions are also now favorable for bloom development in surface waters. The region is poised to support annually recurrent A. catenella blooms that are massive in scale, posing a significant and worrisome threat to public and ecosystem health in Alaskan Arctic communities where economies are subsistence based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Anderson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543;
| | - Evangeline Fachon
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Robert S Pickart
- Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Peigen Lin
- Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Alexis D Fischer
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Mindy L Richlen
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Victoria Uva
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Michael L Brosnahan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Leah McRaven
- Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Frank Bahr
- Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Kathi Lefebvre
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112
| | - Jacqueline M Grebmeier
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Solomons, MD 20688
| | - Seth L Danielson
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Yihua Lyu
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuri Fukai
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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13
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Hoke AK, Reynoso G, Smith MR, Gardner MI, Lockwood DJ, Gilbert NE, Wilhelm SW, Becker IR, Brennan GJ, Crider KE, Farnan SR, Mendoza V, Poole AC, Zimmerman ZP, Utz LK, Wurch LL, Steffen MM. Genomic signatures of Lake Erie bacteria suggest interaction in the Microcystis phycosphere. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257017. [PMID: 34550975 PMCID: PMC8457463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions in harmful algal bloom (HAB) communities have been examined in marine systems, but are poorly studied in fresh waters. To investigate HAB-microbe interactions, we isolated bacteria with close associations to bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp., during a 2017 bloom in the western basin of Lake Erie. The genomes of five isolates (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1, Enterobacter sp. JMULE2, Deinococcus sp. JMULE3, Paenibacillus sp. JMULE4, and Acidovorax sp. JMULE5.) were sequenced on a PacBio Sequel system. These genomes ranged in size from 3.1 Mbp (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1) to 5.7 Mbp (Enterobacter sp. JMULE2). The genomes were analyzed for genes relating to critical metabolic functions, including nitrogen reduction and carbon utilization. All five of the sequenced genomes contained genes that could be used in potential signaling and nutrient exchange between the bacteria and cyanobacteria such as Microcystis. Gene expression signatures of algal-derived carbon utilization for two isolates were identified in Microcystis blooms in Lake Erie and Lake Tai (Taihu) at low levels, suggesting these organisms are active and may have a functional role during Microcystis blooms in aggregates, but were largely missing from whole water samples. These findings build on the growing evidence that the bacterial microbiome associated with bloom-forming algae have the functional potential to contribute to nutrient exchange within bloom communities and interact with important bloom formers like Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K. Hoke
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe Reynoso
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan R. Smith
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Malia I. Gardner
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Naomi E. Gilbert
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | | | | | - Grant J. Brennan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Shannon R. Farnan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Mendoza
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Alison C. Poole
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Lucy K. Utz
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Louie L. Wurch
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan M. Steffen
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Li F, Yang A, Hu Z, Lin S, Deng Y, Tang YZ. Probing the Energetic Metabolism of Resting Cysts under Different Conditions from Molecular and Physiological Perspectives in the Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7325. [PMID: 34298944 PMCID: PMC8307125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Energetic metabolism is essential in maintaining the viability of all organisms. Resting cysts play important roles in the ecology of dinoflagellates, particularly for harmful algal blooms (HABs)-causative species. However, the energetic metabolism underlying the germination potency maintenance of resting cysts of dinoflagellate have been extremely scarce in studies from physiological and, particularly, molecular perspectives. Therefore, we used the cosmopolitan Scrippsiella trochoidea as a representative of HABs-forming and cyst-producing dinoflagellates in this work to obtain novel insights into the molecular mechanisms, regulating the energetic metabolism in dinoflagellate resting cysts, under different physical condition. As the starting step, we established a cDNA subtractive library via suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology, from which we screened an incomplete sequence for the β subunit of ATP synthase gene (β-F1-ATPase), a key indicator for the status of cell's energetic metabolism. The full-length cDNA of β-F1-ATPase gene from S.trochoidea (Stβ-F1-ATPase) was then obtained via rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) (Accession: MZ343333). Our real-time qPCR detections, in vegetative cells and resting cysts treated with different physical conditions, revealed that (1) the expression of Stβ-F1-ATPase in resting cysts was generally much lower than that in vegetative cells, and (2) the Stβ-F1-ATPase expressions in the resting cysts under darkness, lowered temperature, and anoxia, and during an extended duration of dormancy, were significantly lower than that in cysts under the condition normally used for culture-maintaining (a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle, 21 °C, aerobic, and newly harvested). Our detections of the viability (via Neutral Red staining) and cellular ATP content of resting cysts, at the conditions corresponding to the abovementioned treatments, showed that both the viability and ATP content decreased rapidly within 12 h and then maintained at low levels within the 4-day experimentation under all the three conditions applied (4 °C, darkness, and anoxia), which are well in accordance with the measurements of the transcription of Stβ-F1-ATPase. These results demonstrated that the energy consumption of resting cysts reaches a low, but somehow stable, level within a short time period and is lower at low temperature, darkness, and anoxia than that at ambient temperature. Our work provides an important basis for explaining that resting cysts survive long-term darkness and low temperature in marine sediments from molecular and physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aoao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Siheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (A.Y.); (Z.H.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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15
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Konarzewska Z, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Felpeto AB, Vasconcelos V, Latała A. Assessment of the Allelochemical Activity and Biochemical Profile of Different Phenotypes of Picocyanobacteria from the Genus Synechococcus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040179. [PMID: 32230878 PMCID: PMC7230558 DOI: 10.3390/md18040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms belonging to Synechococcus sp. genera are observed in all freshwater, brackish, and marine waters of the world. They play a relevant role in these ecosystems, since they are one of the main primary producers, especially in open ocean. Eventually, they form mass blooms in coastal areas, which are potentially dangerous for the functioning of marine ecosystems. Allelopathy could be an important factor promoting the proliferation of these organisms. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there is no information on the allelopathic activity and allelopathic compounds exhibited by different Synechococcus sp. phenotypes. Therefore, the research conducted here aimed to study the bioactivity of compounds produced by three phenotypes of Synechococcus sp. by studying their influence on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic pigments of eighteen cyanobacteria and microalgae species. We demonstrated that three different Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, including a phycocyanin (PC)-rich strain (Type 1; green strain) and phycoerythrin (PE)-rich strains containing phycoerythrobilin (PEB) and phycocyanobilin (PCB) (Type 2; red strain and Type 3a; brown strain), had a significant allelopathic effect on the selected species of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and green algae. For all green algae, a decrease in cell abundance under the influence of phenotypes of donor cyanobacteria was shown, whereas, among some target cyanobacteria and diatom species, the cell-free filtrate was observed to have a stimulatory effect. Our estimates of the stress on photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed a similar pattern, although for some diatoms, there was an effect of stress on photosynthesis, while a stimulatory effect on growth was also displayed. The pigment content was affected by allelopathy in most cases, particularly for chlorophyll a, whilst it was a bit less significant for carotenoids. Our results showed that Synechococcus sp. Type 3a had the strongest effect on target species, while Synechococcus sp. Type 1 had the weakest allelopathic effect. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis produced different biochemical profiles for the Synechococcus strains. For every phenotype, the most abundant compound was different, with oxime-, methoxy-phenyl- being the most abundant substance for Synechococcus Type 1, eicosane for Synechococcus Type 2, and silanediol for Synechococcus Type 3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Konarzewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (S.Ś.-W.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (S.Ś.-W.); (A.L.)
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research–CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.B.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research–CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.B.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Latała
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (S.Ś.-W.); (A.L.)
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16
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Reynolds DA, Yoo MJ, Dixson DL, Ross C. Exposure to the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, and its associated brevetoxins induces ecophysiological and proteomic alterations in Porites astreoides. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228414. [PMID: 32032360 PMCID: PMC7006924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As reef-building corals are increasingly being exposed to persistent threats that operate on both regional and global scales, there is a pressing need to better understand the complex processes that diminish coral populations. This study investigated the impacts of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and associated brevetoxins on selected facets of coral biology using Porites astreoides as a model system. When provided with choice assays, P. astreoides larvae were shown to actively avoid seawater containing red tide (5×105 cells L-1–7.6×106 cells L-1) or purified brevetoxins (0.018 μg mL-1 brevetoxin-2 and 0.0018 μg mL-1 brevetoxin-3). However, forced exposure to similar treatments induced time-dependent physiological and behavioral changes that were captured by PAM fluorometry and settlement and survival assays, respectively. Adult fragments of P. astreoides exposed to red tide or associated brevetoxins displayed signs of proteomic alterations that were characterized by the use of an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. The novel use of this technique with P. astreoides demonstrated that protein regulation was highly contingent upon biological versus chemical treatment (i.e. live K. brevis vs. solely brevetoxin exposure) and that several broad pathways associated with cell stress were affected including redox homeostasis, protein folding, energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production. The results herein provide new insight into the ecology, behavior and sublethal stress of reef-building corals in response to K. brevis exposure and underscore the importance of recognizing the potential of red tide to act as a regional stressor to these important foundation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Reynolds
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle L. Dixson
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Cliff Ross
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Pechkovskaya SA, Knyazev NA, Matantseva OV, Emelyanov AK, Telesh IV, Skarlato SO, Filatova NA. Dur3 and nrt2 genes in the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum: Transcriptional responses to available nitrogen sources. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125083. [PMID: 31683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing inflow of nitrogen (N) substrates into marine nearshore ecosystems induces proliferation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of dinoflagellates, such as potentially toxic invasive species Prorocentrum minimum. In this study, we estimated the influence of NO3-, NH4+ and urea on transcription levels and urea transporter dur3 and nitrate transporter nrt2 genes expression in these dinoflagellates. We identified dur3 and nrt2 genes sequences in unannotated transcriptomes of P. minimum and other dinoflagellates presented in MMETSP database. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes of dinoflagellates clustered to the distinct clade demonstrating evolutionary relationship with the other known dur3 and nrt2 genes of microalgae. The evaluation of expression levels of dur3 and nrt2 genes by RT-qPCR revealed their sensitivity to input of the studied N sources. Dur3 expression levels were downregulated after the supplementation of additional N sources and were 1.7-2.6-fold lower than in the nitrate-grown culture. Nrt2 expression levels decreased 1.9-fold in the presence of NH4+. We estimated total RNA and DNA synthesis rates by the analysis of incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine in batch and continuous cultures. Addition of N compounds did not affect the DNA synthesis rates. Transcription levels increased up to 12.5-fold after the N supplementation in urea-limited treatments. Investigation of various nitrogen sources as biomarkers of dinoflagellate proliferation due to their differentiated impact on expression of dur3 and nrt2 genes and transcription rates in P. minimum cells allowed concluding about high potential of the studied parameters for future modeling of HABs under global N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Pechkovskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Knyazev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Academic University of Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O V Matantseva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A K Emelyanov
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Telesh
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - S O Skarlato
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Filatova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Dyer SW, Needoba JA. Use of High-Resolution Pressure Nephelometry To Measure Gas Vesicle Collapse as a Means of Determining Growth and Turgor Changes in Planktonic Cyanobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01790-19. [PMID: 31676479 PMCID: PMC6952233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01790-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that the physical properties of intracellular bacterial gas vesicles (GVs) can be analyzed in vivo using pressure nephelometry. In analyzing the buoyant state of GV-containing cyanobacteria, hydrostatic pressure within a sample cell is increased in a stepwise manner, where the concomitant collapse of GVs due to pressure and the resultant decrease in suspended cells are detected by changes in nephelometric scattering. As the relative pressure at which GVs collapse is a function of turgor pressure and cellular osmotic gradients, pressure nephelometry is a powerful tool for assaying changes in metabolism that affect turgor, such as photosynthetic and osmoregulatory processes. We have developed an updated and automated pressure nephelometer that utilizes visible-infrared (Vis-IR) spectra to accurately quantify GV critical collapse pressure, critical collapse pressure distribution, and cell turgor pressure. Here, using the updated pressure nephelometer and axenic cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806, we demonstrate that GV critical collapse pressure is stable during mid-exponential growth phase, introduce pressure-sensitive turbidity as a robust metric for the abundance of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, and demonstrate that pressure-sensitive turbidity is a more accurate proxy for abundance and growth than photopigment fluorescence. As cyanobacterium-dominated harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) formation is dependent on the constituent cells possessing gas vesicles, characterization of environmental cyanobacteria populations via pressure nephelometry is identified as an underutilized monitoring method. Applications of this instrument focus on physiological and ecological studies of cyanobacteria, for example, cyanoHAB dynamics and the drivers associated with cyanotoxin production in aquatic ecosystems.IMPORTANCE The increased prevalence of bloom-forming cyanobacteria and associated risk of exposure to cyanobacterial toxins through drinking water utilities and recreational waterways are growing public health concerns. Cost-effective, early-detection methodologies specific to cyanobacteria are crucial for mitigating these risks, with a gas vesicle-specific signal offering a number of benefits over photopigment fluorescence, including improved detection limits and discrimination against non-gas-vacuolate phototrophs. Here, we present a multiplexed instrument capable of quantifying the relative abundance of cyanobacteria based on the signal generated from the presence of intracellular gas vesicles specific to bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Additionally, as cell turgor can be measured in vivo via pressure nephelometry, the measurement furnishes information about the internal osmotic pressure of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, which relates to the metabolic state of the cell. Together these advances may improve routine waterway monitoring and the mitigation of human health threats due to cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Dyer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Institute of Environmental Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph A Needoba
- Oregon Health and Science University, Institute of Environmental Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Resiere D, Valentino R, Nevière R, Banydeen R, Gueye P, Florentin J, Cabié A, Lebrun T, Mégarbane B, Guerrier G, Mehdaoui H. Sargassum seaweed on Caribbean islands: an international public health concern. Lancet 2019; 392:2691. [PMID: 30587359 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dabor Resiere
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France.
| | - Ruddy Valentino
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Rémi Nevière
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Rishika Banydeen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Papa Gueye
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - André Cabié
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Thierry Lebrun
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Guerrier
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hossein Mehdaoui
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97200, France
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20
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Hsu SB, Wang FB, Zhao XQ. Mathematical modeling and analysis of harmful algal blooms in flowing habitats. Math Biosci Eng 2019; 16:6728-6752. [PMID: 31698585 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2019336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we survey recent developments of mathematical modeling and analysis of the dynamics of harmful algae in riverine reservoirs. To make the models more realistic, a hydraulic storage zone is incorporated into a flow reactor model and new mathematical challenges arise from the loss of compactness of the solution maps. The key point in the study of the evolution dynamics is to prove the existence of global attractors for the model systems and the principal eigenvalues for the associated linearized systems without compactness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Bi Hsu
- Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Bin Wang
- Department of Natural Science in the Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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21
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Nishu SD, Kang Y, Han I, Jung TY, Lee TK. Nutritional status regulates algicidal activity of Aeromonas sp. L23 against cyanobacteria and green algae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213370. [PMID: 30861041 PMCID: PMC6413897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria have received broad acceptance as an ecofriendly tool for controlling harmful algal blooms. However, their practical application is still limited to the lab-scale tests due to the complex alga–bacterium interactions in different nutrient statuses. In this study, the Aeromonas sp. L23 that exhibit relatively wide-spectrum in algicidal activity was isolated from a eutrophic agricultural lake. The physiological response of cyanobacteria and green to the algicidal activity under varied nutritional status were studied in an alga-bacterial co-culture. The algicidal activities of L23 against Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, Microcystis aeruginosa NHSB, Anabaena variabilis AG10064, Scenedesmus quadricauda AG10003, and Chlorella vulgaris AG10034 were 88 ± 1.2%, 94 ± 2.6%, 93 ± 0.5%, 82 ± 1.1%, and 47 ± 0.9%, respectively. The L23 cells had low algicidal activity in cell pellet (3%–9%) compared with the cell-free supernatant (78%–93%), indicating that the activity is induced by extracellular substances. Adding glucose, NaNO3, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4 to the co-culture raised the algicidal activity of the L23 against green algae by 5%–50%. Conversely, a 10%–20% decrease in activity occurred against the target cyanobacteria except M. aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385. These results indicated that the interspecific algicidal activity changes according to the nutritional status, which means that the alga-bacterium interaction will be more complex in the field where the nutritional status changes from time to time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das Nishu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen M, Ding S, Wu Y, Fan X, Jin Z, Tsang DCW, Wang Y, Zhang C. Phosphorus mobilization in lake sediments: Experimental evidence of strong control by iron and negligible influences of manganese redox reactions. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:472-481. [PMID: 30583155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) reactions have been regarded as the primary factors responsible for the mobilization of phosphorus (P) in lake sediments, although their individual roles are hard to distinguish. In this study, in situ mobilization of P, Fe and Mn in sediments was assessed by high resolution spatio-temporal sampling of their labile forms using diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and suction device (Rhizon) techniques. It was found that the monthly concentration distributions showed greater agreement and better correlation coefficients between labile P and labile Fe, than those between labile P and labile Mn, implying that Fe plays a key role in controlling P release in sediments. Furthermore, better correlations were observed between hourly changes in concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and soluble Fe(II), than those between SRP and soluble Mn. Changes were observed under simulated anaerobic incubation conditions, suggesting that P release was caused by the reductive dissolution of Fe oxides. This was supported by the lack of influences on P release from reductive dissolution of Mn oxides in the sediment-water interface and top sediment layers under the anaerobic incubations. In simulated algal bloom experiments, positive correlations and consistent changes were observed between SRP and soluble Fe(II) concentrations, but not between SRP and soluble Mn concentrations. This further demonstrated the Fe-dependent and Mn-independent release of P in sediments. Therefore, Fe redox reactions have a high impact on P mobilization in sediments, while Mn redox reactions appear to have negligible influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yuexia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xianfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zengfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing EasySensor Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Hems ES, Wagstaff BA, Saalbach G, Field RA. CuAAC click chemistry for the enhanced detection of novel alkyne-based natural product toxins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12234-12237. [PMID: 30311608 PMCID: PMC6243676 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of discovering and quantifying terminal alkyne-based natural products, here we report the combination of CuAAC click chemistry with LC-MS for the detection of polyether toxins (prymnesins) associated with harmful algal blooms. The added-value of the CuAAC-based approach is evident from our ability to detect novel prymnesin-like compounds in algal species with previously uncharacterised toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Hems
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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24
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Jiang H, Liu D, Song X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Liu A, Cheng L, He J, Sun S. Response of phytoplankton assemblages to nitrogen reduction in the Laizhou Bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 136:524-532. [PMID: 30509838 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of phytoplankton assemblages to decreases in nitrogen loading is an essential index to assess the recovery of aquatic ecosystems from eutrophic status. However, a positive signal is hard to observe from short-term operations considering ecosystem complexity. Here, we used decadal data from the Laizhou Bay, China to track the seasonal and annual variations in phytoplankton assemblages after ammonia reduction in the Xiaoqing and Yellow Rivers. Annual trends show reduced phytoplankton abundance and a decline in harmful algal blooms, indicating the positive recovery of phytoplankton assemblages. Phytoplankton assemblage in the sea region adjacent to the Xiaoqing River shows a lower H' index, higher cell abundance, and higher seasonal variability than the sea region neighbouring the Yellow River. The spatial variability might result from the differences of nitrogen species, runoff and sediment contents between the two rivers; this finding indicates a demand for more aggressive decreases in nitrogen loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xiukai Song
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
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25
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Wang D, Xie L, Zhu X, Bi X, Zheng Y, Zhu Y. Study on the metabolites of DH-e, a Halomonas marine bacterium, against three toxic dinoflagellate species. Water Sci Technol 2018; 78:1535-1544. [PMID: 30427794 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria play an important role in mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the study, five bacterial strains were isolated from the East China Sea. One strain of algicidal bacterium, named DH-e, was found to selectively inhibit the motor ability of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Alexandrium tamarense (ATDH-47) and Karenia mikimotoi Hansen. Both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics revealed that the algicidal DH-e bacterium belonged to Halomonas. Furthermore, results showed that the metabolites in the DH-e cell-free filtrate could kill algae directly, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the bacterial metabolites on the cells of the three dinoflagellate species ranged from 35.0-70.0 μg/mL. Following short-term inhibitory tests, the dinoflagellates in mixed crude extract solution (0.7 mg/mL) ceased movement after 5 min. The algicidal mechanism of the metabolites was investigated through enzyme activities, including that of catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acetone peroxide (T-ATP) synthetase and nitrite reductase (NR). Results indicated that metabolites did not disrupt the energy or nutrient routes of the algae (P > 0.05), but did initiate an increase in free radicals in the algal cells, which might explain the subsequent death of sensitive algae. Thus, the metabolites of the DH-e bacterium showed promising potential for controlling HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong Shantou 515063, China E-mail:
| | - Liling Xie
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong Shantou 515063, China E-mail:
| | - Xingbiao Zhu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong Shantou 515063, China E-mail:
| | - Xiao Bi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong Shantou 515063, China E-mail:
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Guangdong Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Yankun Zhu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong Shantou 515063, China E-mail:
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26
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Schuurmans JM, Brinkmann BW, Makower AK, Dittmann E, Huisman J, Matthijs HCP. Microcystin interferes with defense against high oxidative stress in harmful cyanobacteria. Harmful Algae 2018; 78:47-55. [PMID: 30196924 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria producing toxic microcystins are a major concern in water quality management. In recent years, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been successfully applied to suppress cyanobacterial blooms in lakes. Physiological studies, however, indicate that microcystin protects cyanobacteria against oxidative stress, suggesting that H2O2 addition might provide a selective advantage for microcystin-producing (toxic) strains. This study compares the response of a toxic Microcystis strain, its non-toxic mutant, and a naturally non-toxic Microcystis strain to H2O2 addition representative of lake treatments. All three strains initially ceased growth upon H2O2 addition. Contrary to expectation, the non-toxic strain and non-toxic mutant rapidly degraded the added H2O2 and subsequently recovered, whereas the toxic strain did not degrade H2O2 and did not recover. Experimental catalase addition enabled recovery of the toxic strain, demonstrating that rapid H2O2 degradation is indeed essential for cyanobacterial survival. Interestingly, prior to H2O2 addition, gene expression of a thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin was much lower in the toxic strain than in its non-toxic mutant. Thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin are both involved in H2O2 degradation, and microcystin may potentially suppress their activity. These results show that microcystin-producing strains are less prepared for high levels of oxidative stress, and are therefore hit harder by H2O2 addition than non-toxic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 6, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje W Brinkmann
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - A Katharina Makower
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans C P Matthijs
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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27
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Mrdjen I, Lee J. Simple and practical on-site treatment of high microcystin levels in water using polypropylene plastic. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:1000-1005. [PMID: 29985758 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1471032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a hepatotoxin produced by various cyanobacteria during harmful algal blooms (HAB's) in freshwater environments. Advanced treatment methods can remove MC from drinking water, but are costly and do not address recreational water exposure and ecosystem health concerns. Here we investigate the feasibility of utilizing plastics as a MC-adsorbing material, for use in water resources used for recreation, agriculture, aquaculture and drinking water. Water containing 20 µg/L MC-LR was exposed to polypropylene (PP) plastic for a six-day period at varying temperatures (22, 37, 65°C). Water samples were then collected at 0, 1, 2, and 6 hour-intervals to examine short term treatment feasibility. Samples were also taken at 24 hours, 3 days, and 6 days to determine long-term treatment effectiveness. MC concentrations were analyzed using ELISA. Results showed a maximal reduction of nearly 70% of MC-LR after a 6-day treatment with PP at 65°C. Temperature enhanced MC-LR reduction over a 6-day period: 70% reduction at 65°C; 50% at 37°C; 38% at 22°C. We propose an inexpensive intervention strategy which can be deployed rapidly on-site in various source waters, including in resource-limited settings. During the high peak of HAB season, the strategy can be applied in source waters, alleviating water treatment burden for treatment plants, lowering treatment costs and reducing chemical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mrdjen
- a Division of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- a Division of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Food Science and Technology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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28
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Montes RM, Rojas X, Artacho P, Tello A, Quiñones RA. Quantifying harmful algal bloom thresholds for farmed salmon in southern Chile. Harmful Algae 2018; 77:55-65. [PMID: 30005802 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have affected salmon farms in Chile since the early 1970's, causing massive losses in fish. Two large HABs occurred in 2002 and 2009, during which Alexandrium catenella blooms killed tons of salmon over an extended geographic area in southern Chile. At the beginning of 2016, high and persistent densities of Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa and A. catenella were detected in the estuarine and marine ecosystems of southern Chile. Mortality for this latter event reached 27 million salmon and trout (i.e. 39,000 tons). Unfortunately, the threshold concentrations of algae that could be harmful to the health of farmed salmon in southern Chile have not yet been quantified. Here, to protect fish farms from HABs, critical concentration levels, i.e. thresholds at which the behavior of farmed Salmo salar is affected by harmful algae were quantified using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). An extensive database from southern Chile covering the period from 1989 to 2016 was analyzed. The database included salmon behavior, cell abundance of microalgae and oceanographic factors. For both species analyzed, the higher the cell abundance, the greater the probability of detecting anomalous behavior. A threshold of 397 cells/mL was estimated for A. catenella, although it can increase up to ca. >975 cells/mL at a Secchi depth >6 m and up to 874 cells/mL during flood tide. A threshold value <1 cell/mL for Pseudochattonella cf. verruculosa was found to be associated with anomalous salmon behavior, which significantly increased at a water temperature of 11 °C. Evidence for a relationship between fish behavior and mortality is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Montes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, O'Higgins 1695, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Ximena Rojas
- Instituto Tecnológico del Salmon (INTESAL), Juan Soler Manfredini 41, Of. 1802, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Paulina Artacho
- Instituto Tecnológico del Salmon (INTESAL), Juan Soler Manfredini 41, Of. 1802, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Alfredo Tello
- Instituto Tecnológico del Salmon (INTESAL), Juan Soler Manfredini 41, Of. 1802, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Renato A Quiñones
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, O'Higgins 1695, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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29
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Flood SL, Burkholder JM. Chattonella subsalsa (Raphidophyceae) growth and hemolytic activity in response to agriculturally-derived estuarine contaminants. Harmful Algae 2018; 76:66-79. [PMID: 29887206 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential for toxic contaminants and nutrient pollution to alter natural cycles of estuarine phytoplankton blooms is well known, yet few studies have examined how these combined stressors affect harmful algal species. Here, a robust testing protocol was developed to enable an ecotoxicological assessment of responses to commonly co-occurring estuarine contaminants by harmful algal bloom species. The population growth and toxicity (as cell density and hemolytic activity, respectively) of a cultured strain of the toxigenic raphidiophycean, Chattonella subsalsa, were assessed in two experiments (duration 10 days and 28 days) across a gradient of atrazine concentrations and N:P ratios simulating nutrient-rich versus nutrient-depleted regimes. The response of this large-celled, slowly growing alga to atrazine × nutrients depended on growth phase; atrazine was most inhibitory during early exponential population growth (day 10), whereas nutrient regime was a more important influence during later phases of growth (day 28). Without atrazine, toxicity toward fish was highest in low-P cultures. At atrazine levels >25 μg L-1, hemolytic activity was highest in low-N cultures, and increased with increasing atrazine concentration in all nutrient-limited cultures. Hemolytic activity varied inversely with atrazine concentration in N,P-replete conditions. Overall, atrazine inhibitory effects on population growth of this C. subsalsa strain depended on the growth phase and the nutrient regime; hemolytic activity was higher and further enhanced by atrazine in low N-P regimes; and atrazine inhibited hemolytic activity in nutrient-replete conditions. The data suggest that, depending on the growth phase and nutrient regime, atrazine can help promote toxic C. subsalsa blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L Flood
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - JoAnn M Burkholder
- Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Chia MA, Jankowiak JG, Kramer BJ, Goleski JA, Huang IS, Zimba PV, do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira M, Gobler CJ. Succession and toxicity of Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) blooms are controlled by nutrient-dependent allelopathic interactions. Harmful Algae 2018; 74:67-77. [PMID: 29724344 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) are among the most toxic cyanobacterial genera and often succeed each other during harmful algal blooms. The role allelopathy plays in the succession of these genera is not fully understood. The allelopathic interactions of six strains of Microcystis and Anabaena under different nutrient conditions in co-culture and in culture-filtrate experiments were investigated. Microcystis strains significantly reduced the growth of Anabaena strains in mixed cultures with direct cell-to-cell contact and high nutrient levels. Cell-free filtrate from Microcystis cultures proved equally potent in suppressing the growth of nutrient replete Anabaena cultures while also significantly reducing anatoxin-a production. Allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena were, however, partly dependent on ambient nutrient levels. Anabaena dominated under low N conditions and Microcystis dominated under nutrient replete and low P during which allelochemicals caused the complete suppression of nitrogen fixation by Anabaena and stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity. The microcystin content of Microcystis was lowered with decreasing N and the presence of Anabaena decreased it further under low P and high nutrient conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that strong allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and Anabaena are closely intertwined with the availability of nutrients and that allelopathy may contribute to the succession, nitrogen availability, and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Chia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer G Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Benjamin J Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - Jennifer A Goleski
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies (CCS), Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 United States
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Postal code: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States.
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Lotliker AA, Baliarsingh SK, Trainer VL, Wells ML, Wilson C, Udaya Bhaskar TVS, Samanta A, Shahimol SR. Characterization of oceanic Noctiluca blooms not associated with hypoxia in the Northeastern Arabian Sea. Harmful Algae 2018; 74:46-57. [PMID: 29724342 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate, green Noctiluca scintillans, have been reported annually in the Northern Arabian Sea since the early 2000s. Although not known to produce organic toxins, these blooms are still categorized as a harmful due to their association with massive fish mortalities. Recent work has attributed these blooms to the vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum zone, driven by cultural eutrophication from major coastal cities in western India. As diatoms are preferred prey of green Noctiluca scintillans, more frequent blooms of this mixotroph will likely impact the productivity of important fisheries in the region. The present study uses a satellite algorithm to determine the distribution of both diatom and green Noctiluca blooms in the Northeastern Arabian Sea from 2009 to 2016. The results from shipboard microscopy of phytoplankton community composition were used to validate the satellite estimates. The satellite algorithm showed 76% accuracy for detection of green Noctiluca and 92% for diatoms. Shipboard measurements and data from biogeochemical-Argo floats were used to assess the relationship between oxygen concentrations and green Noctiluca blooms in the Northeastern Arabian Sea. Regardless of the presence of a Noctiluca bloom, the dissolved oxygen in the photic zone was always >70% saturated, with an average oxygen saturation >90%. The variability in the relative abundance of diatoms and green Noctiluca is not correlated with changes in oxygen concentration. These findings provide no evidence that cultural eutrophication has contributed to the decadal scale shifts in plankton composition in the Northeastern Arabian Sea oceanic waters. Conversely, the climatic warming of surface waters would have intensified stratification, thereby reducing net nutrient flux to the photic zone and decreasing silicate to nitrate ratios (Si:N); both factors that could increase the competitive advantage of the mixotroph, green Noctiluca, over diatoms. If so, the decadal-scale trajectory of phytoplankton community composition in the Northeastern Arabian Sea may be a harbinger of future climate-driven change in other productive oceanic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh A Lotliker
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad, 500090, India.
| | - S K Baliarsingh
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Mark L Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Cara Wilson
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, California, CA, 93940, USA
| | - T V S Udaya Bhaskar
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - Alakes Samanta
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - S R Shahimol
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682506, India
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Wang S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Cui J, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Yu K, He P. Variations of dominant free-floating Ulva species in the source area for the world's largest macroalgal blooms, China: Differences of ecological tolerance. Harmful Algae 2018; 74:58-66. [PMID: 29724343 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Species composition and seasonal variations of free-floating Ulva species were investigated in the source area of the world's largest macroalgal blooms during 2009-2015. Based on a combination of a morphological analysis and sequences of nuclear-encoded ITS and 5S rDNA spacer regions, the dominant species in the free-floating Ulva community at the early stage of green tides were Ulva compressa, Ulva flexuosa, and Ulva linza. The first appearance of Ulva prolifera on the sea surface was in mid-May and it dominated the floating Ulva community in June from 2009 to 2011. From 2012-2015, U. prolifera was not only the first species to appear on the sea surface but also the dominant species during the whole early stage of green tides. To explain the successional mechanism, the effects of environmental factors on the growth of four Ulva species were examined in the laboratory under different combinations of light intensity and temperature. It was found that the highest growth rate of U. prolifera was 44.9%/d, which was much higher than the other three Ulva species. The strong tolerance of U. prolifera to extreme conditions also helps it survive and bloom in the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Cui
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Usa, Tosa, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhou
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Kefeng Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Saraf SR, Frenkel A, Harke MJ, Jankowiak JG, Gobler CJ, McElroy AE. Effects of Microcystis on development of early life stage Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Comparative toxicity of natural blooms, cultured Microcystis and microcystin-LR. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 194:18-26. [PMID: 29132031 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) caused by algae in the genus Microcystis have been increasing in frequency and severity in recent decades. Microcystis blooms threaten aquatic organisms through effects associated with the rapid increase of biomass and the production of the hepatotoxin microcystin (MC) by toxic strains. Among fish, effects of blooms are likely to be more severe for early life stages, and physiological impacts on this life stage could significantly impact recruitment and fish populations. This study explores the effects of Microcystis blooms on the development of fish using the model organism, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), under realistic exposure conditions. Medaka embryos were exposed to natural blooms collected from New York City (USA) lakes, lab cultures of Microcystis, and MC-LR solutions. Field collected samples were more toxic than lab cultures (even when compared at the same algal density or MC concentration), causing decreased survival, premature time to hatch, reduced body length, yolk sac edema, and decreased heart rate, while lab culture exposures only resulted in bradycardia. Heart rate was the most sensitive endpoint measured, being depressed in embryos exposed to both lab cultures and field collected blooms. Generalized linear model analysis indicated bradycardia was statistically associated with both cell densities of blooms and MC concentrations, while single factor analysis indicated that MC concentrations had a stronger correlation compared to cell densities. However, MC exposure could not fully explain the effects observed, as exposures to MC-LR solutions alone were not able to reduce heart rate as severely as algal exposures. Collectively, these experiments indicate that factors beyond exposure to MC or even isolated Microcystis strains influence heart rate of fish exposed to Microcystis blooms. Enhanced mortality, depressed heart rate, and abnormal development observed in response to environmentally realistic exposures of Microcystis blooms could affect success of fish at both individual or population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Saraf
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States
| | - Amy Frenkel
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States; Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Matthew J Harke
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States; Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
| | - Jennifer G Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 United States.
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Dos Santos Severiano J, Dos Santos Almeida-Melo VL, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC, Chia MA, do Nascimento Moura A. Effects of increased zooplankton biomass on phytoplankton and cyanotoxins: A tropical mesocosm study. Harmful Algae 2018; 71:10-18. [PMID: 29306392 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton are important biocontrol agents for algal blooms in temperate lakes, while their potential in tropical and subtropical environments is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of increased zooplankton biomass on phytoplankton community and cyanotoxins (microcystins and saxitoxin) content of a tropical reservoir (Ipojuca reservoir, Brazil) using in situ mesocosms. Mesocosms consisted of 50L transparent polyethylene bags suspended in the reservoir for twelve days. Phytoplankton populations were exposed to treatments having 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 times the biomass of zooplankton found in the reservoir at the beginning of the experiment. Filamentous cyanobacteria such as Planktothrix agardhii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were not negatively influenced by increasing zooplankton biomass. In contrast, the treatments with 3 and 4 times zooplankton biomass negatively affected the cyanobacteria Aphanocapsa sp., Chroococcus sp., Dolichospermum sp., Merismopedia tenuissima, Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudanabaena sp.; the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana; and the cryptophyte Cryptomonas sp. Total microcystin concentration both increased and decreased at different times depending on zooplankton treatment, while saxitoxin level was not significantly different between the treatments and control. The results of the present study suggest that zooplankton biomass can be manipulated to control the excessive proliferation of non-filamentous bloom forming cyanobacteria (e.g. M. aeruginosa) and their associated cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dos Santos Severiano
- Área de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco -UFRPE, Rua D. Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-030, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariadne do Nascimento Moura
- Área de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco -UFRPE, Rua D. Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-030, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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35
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Lezcano MÁ, Quesada A, El-Shehawy R. Seasonal dynamics of microcystin-degrading bacteria and toxic cyanobacterial blooms: Interaction and influence of abiotic factors. Harmful Algae 2018; 71:19-28. [PMID: 29306393 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Massive proliferations of cyanobacteria coexist and have different interactions with other microorganisms, including microcystin (MC)-degrading bacteria. Despite their relevance in the environment for the removal of MCs, this bacterial community has been scarcely studied. The influence of physicochemical factors and the seasonal dynamics of toxic cyanobacteria on the relative abundance and seasonal dynamics of the MC-degrading bacterial community with mlr genes (mlr+) were investigated during a two-year study at a water reservoir in central Spain. The capacity of the total bacterial community on the degradation of MCs during the whole period of study was also evaluated. The results showed that the relative abundance of mlr+ bacteria started to increase after the increase in the relative abundance of toxic cyanobacteria and MC concentrations in the water, indicating a related seasonal dynamic and an important interaction between the two communities. The correspondence of several peaks of mlr+ bacteria with decreases in the relative abundance of toxic cyanobacteria and vice versa may also suggest a possible antagonistic relationship that deserves an in-depth study. The lack of a significant relationship between the physicochemical factors and the temporal shifts of both MC producers and degraders also supports the notion that the interaction of the two communities is an important driver of their seasonal dynamics in nature. Regarding the capacity of the total bacterial community for the degradation of MCs, this capacity was only observed during the toxic cyanobacterial bloom episodes, highlighting the importance of the pre-exposure to MCs in the reservoir for triggering the MC biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Lezcano
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain; Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.
| | - Rehab El-Shehawy
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain.
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Abstract
Habitat degradation alters the chemical landscape through which information about community dynamics is transmitted. Olfactory information is crucial for risk assessment in aquatic organisms as predators release odours when they capture prey that lead to an alarm response in conspecific prey. Recent studies show some coral reef fishes are unable to use alarm odours when surrounded by dead-degraded coral. Our study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of this alarm odour-nullifying effect, and which substratum types may be responsible. Field experiments showed that settlement-stage damselfish were not able to detect alarm odours within 2 m downcurrent of degraded coral, and that the antipredator response was re-established 20-40 min after transferral to live coral. Laboratory experiments indicate that the chemicals from common components of the degraded habitats, the cyanobacteria, Okeania sp., and diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia sp.prevented an alarm odour response. The same nullifying effect was found for the common red algae, Galaxauria robusta, suggesting that the problem is of a broader nature than previously realised. Those fish species best able to compensate for a lack of olfactory risk information at key times will be those potentially most resilient to the effects of coral degradation that operate through this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - Randall P Barry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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Paterson RF, McNeill S, Mitchell E, Adams T, Swan SC, Clarke D, Miller PI, Bresnan E, Davidson K. Environmental control of harmful dinoflagellates and diatoms in a fjordic system. Harmful Algae 2017; 69:1-17. [PMID: 29122238 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fjordic coastlines provide an ideal protected environment for both finfish and shellfish aquaculture operations. This study reports the results of a cruise to the Scottish Clyde Sea, and associated fjordic sea lochs, that coincided with blooms of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin producing dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta and the diatom genus Chaetoceros, that can generate finfish mortalities. Unusually, D. acuta reached one order of magnitude higher cell abundance in the water column (2840cellsL-1) than the more common Dinophysis acuminata (200cellsL-1) and was linked with elevated shellfish toxicity (maximum 601±237μg OA eq/kg shellfish flesh) which caused shellfish harvesting closures in the region. Significant correlations between D. acuta abundance and that of Mesodinium rubrum were also observed across the cruise transect potentially supporting bloom formation of the mixotrophic D. acuta. Significant spatial variability in phytoplankton that was related to physical characteristics of the water column was observed, with a temperature-driven frontal region at the mouth of Loch Fyne being important in the development of the D. acuta, but not the Chaetoceros bloom. The front also provided important protection to the aquaculture located within the loch, with neither of the blooms encroaching within it. Analysis based on a particle-tracking model confirms the importance of the front to cell transport and shows significant inter-annual differences in advection within the region, that are important to the harmful algal bloom risk therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Paterson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sharon McNeill
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine Mitchell
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Adams
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah C Swan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland.
| | - Peter I Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, United Kingdom.
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Sneed JM, Meickle T, Engene N, Reed S, Gunasekera S, Paul VJ. Bloom dynamics and chemical defenses of benthic cyanobacteria in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Harmful Algae 2017; 69:75-82. [PMID: 29122244 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are predicted to become more prominent in the future as a result of increasing seawater temperatures and the continued addition of nutrients to coastal waters. Many benthic marine cyanobacteria have potent chemical defenses that protect them from top down pressures and contribute to the persistence of blooms. Blooms of benthic cyanobacteria have been observed along the coast of Florida and within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a biodiverse estuary system that spans 250km along Florida's east coast. In this study, the cyanobacterial bloom progression at three sites within the central IRL was monitored over the course of two summers. The blooms consisted of four unique cyanobacterial species, including the recently described Okeania erythroflocculosa. The cyanobacteria produced a range of known bioactive compounds including malyngolide, lyngbyoic acid, microcolins A-B, and desacetylmicrocolin B. Ecologically-relevant assays showed that malyngolide inhibited the growth of marine fungi (Dendryphiella salina and Lindra thalassiae); microcolins A-B and desacetylmicrocolin B inhibited feeding by a generalist herbivore, the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus; and lyngbyoic acid inhibited fungal growth and herbivore feeding. These chemical defenses likely contribute to the persistence of cyanobacterial blooms in the IRL during the summer growing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sneed
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
| | - Theresa Meickle
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | - Niclas Engene
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sherry Reed
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | - Sarath Gunasekera
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Ft. Pierce, FL 34949, USA
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Yu Z, Song X, Cao X, Liu Y. Mitigation of harmful algal blooms using modified clays: Theory, mechanisms, and applications. Harmful Algae 2017; 69:48-64. [PMID: 29122242 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Clay dispersal is one of only a few mitigation methods for harmful algal blooms (HABs) ever applied in the field; however, low flocculation efficiency has always been the most significant drawback associated with natural unmodified clays. This review discusses key factors affecting the flocculation efficiency, based on results obtained in studies of the mechanisms underlying interactions between clay particles and HAB organisms. It further elaborates clay surface modification theory and methods for improving removal efficiency of HAB cells, followed by descriptions of various modified clays successfully prepared with removal efficiencies of HAB cells that are up to hundreds of times greater than natural clays and have lower dosing requirements of 4-10t/km2. Presently, modified clays are the most widely used method for the mitigation of HAB in the field in China. This review also evaluates potential ecological effects of modified clay disposal on water quality, typical aquatic organisms, benthic environments, and ecosystems. Both laboratory and field results have demonstrated that modified clays markedly can actually improve water quality after treatment and pose no negative effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Su X, Steinman AD, Tang X, Xue Q, Zhao Y, Xie L. Response of bacterial communities to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Lake Taihu, China. Harmful Algae 2017; 68:168-177. [PMID: 28962977 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are prevalent around the world, influencing aquatic organisms and altering the physico-chemical properties in freshwater systems. However, the response of bacterial communities to toxic cyanobacterial blooms and associated microcystins (MC) remain poorly understood even though global concentrations of MC have increased dramatically in the past few decades. To address this issue, the dynamics of bacterial community composition (BCC) in the water column and how BCC is influenced by both harmful cyanobacterial blooms and environmental factors were investigated on a monthly basis from August 2013 to July 2014 in Lake Taihu, China. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that seasonal variation in BCC was significant, and that the succession of BCC greatly depends on changes in environmental conditions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the overall variation of BCC was explained mainly by dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and Microcystis. The alpha biodiversity of the bacterial community was different among months with the highest diversity in February and the lowest diversity in October. Furthermore, significant negative relationships were found between alpha biodiversity indices and Microcystis abundance as well as with intracellular MC concentrations, indicating that Microcystis and associated MC may influence the bacterial community structure by reducing its biodiversity. This study shows that potential associations exist between toxic cyanobacterial blooms and bacterial communities but more investigations are needed to obtain a mechanistic understanding of their complex relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Xiangming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Giussani V, Asnaghi V, Pedroncini A, Chiantore M. Management of harmful benthic dinoflagellates requires targeted sampling methods and alarm thresholds. Harmful Algae 2017; 68:97-104. [PMID: 28962993 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concern regarding Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs) is increasing since some harmful benthic species have been identified in new areas. In the Mediterranean basin, the most common harmful benthic microalgae are Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Prorocentrum lima, which produce palytoxin-like compounds and okadaic acid respectively, and the need to implement monitoring activities has increased. However, a general agreement on appropriate strategies (e.g. sampling season, definition of alarm thresholds, etc.) is still lagging behind, especially for P. lima, whose proliferation dynamics are still poorly known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giussani
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; ARPAL-Dip. Biotossicologia ambientale, Via Fontevivo 21L, 19125 La Spezia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa-P.le Flaminio, 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa-P.le Flaminio, 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
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Haley ST, Alexander H, Juhl AR, Dyhrman ST. Transcriptional response of the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrate and phosphate stress. Harmful Algae 2017; 68:258-270. [PMID: 28962986 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The marine eukaryotic alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) is known for forming ichthyotoxic harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the past 50 years, H. akashiwo blooms have increased, occurring globally in highly eutrophic coastal and estuarine systems. These systems often incur dramatic physicochemical changes, including macronutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) enrichment and depletion, on short timescales. Here, H. akashiwo cultures grown under nutrient replete, low N and low P growth conditions were examined for changes in biochemical and physiological characteristics in concert with transcriptome sequencing to provide a mechanistic perspective on the metabolic processes involved in responding to N and P stress. There was a marked difference in the overall transcriptional pattern between low N and low P transcriptomes. Both nutrient stresses led to significant changes in the abundance of thousands of contigs related to a wide diversity of metabolic pathways, with limited overlap between the transcriptomic responses to low N and low P. Enriched contigs under low N included many related to nitrogen metabolism, acquisition, and transport. In addition, metabolic modules like photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism changed significantly under low N, coincident with treatment-specific changes in photosynthetic efficiency and particulate carbohydrate content. P-specific contigs responsible for P transport and organic P use were more enriched in the low P treatment than in the replete control and low N treatment. These results provide new insight into the genetic mechanisms that distinguish how this HAB species responds to these two common nutrient stresses, and the results can inform future field studies, linking transcriptional patterns to the physiological ecology of H. akashiwo in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheean T Haley
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Harriet Alexander
- Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Juhl
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA; Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Sonya T Dyhrman
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA; Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palisades, NY, USA.
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Bouma-Gregson K, Power ME, Bormans M. Rise and fall of toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacteria (Anabaena spp.) in the Eel river: Buoyancy and dispersal. Harmful Algae 2017; 66:79-87. [PMID: 28602256 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacteria in rivers produce cyanotoxins and affect aquatic food webs, but knowledge of their ecology lags behind planktonic cyanobacteria. The buoyancy of benthic Anabaena spp. mats was studied to understand implications for Anabaena dispersal in the Eel River, California. Field experiments were used to investigate the effects of oxygen bubble production and dissolution on the buoyancy of Anabaena dominated benthic mats in response to light exposure. Samples of Anabaena dominated mats were harvested from the South Fork Eel River and placed in settling columns to measure floating and sinking velocities, or deployed into in situ ambient and low light treatments to measure the effect of light on flotation. Floating and sinking occurred within minutes and were driven by oxygen bubbles produced during photosynthesis, rather than intracellular changes in carbohydrates or gas vesicles. Light experiment results showed that in a natural ambient light regime, mats remained floating for at least 4days, while in low light mats begin to sink in <24h. Floating Anabaena samples were collected from five sites in the watershed and found to contain the cyanotoxins anatoxin-a and microcystin, with higher concentrations of anatoxin-a (median 560, max 30,693ng/gDW) than microcystin (median 30, max 37ng/gDW). The ability of Anabaena mats to maintain their buoyancy will markedly increase their downstream dispersal distances. Increased buoyancy also allows toxin-containing mats to collect along shorelines, increasing threats to human and animal public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. Berkeley, CA, 94702-3140, USA.
| | - Mary E Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. Berkeley, CA, 94702-3140, USA.
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO CNRS, University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, bat 14a, 35042 Rennes, France; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Xuan H, Dai X, Li J, Zhang X, Yang C, Luo F. A Bacillus sp. strain with antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum kills Microcystis aeruginosa selectively. Sci Total Environ 2017; 583:214-221. [PMID: 28104332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) cause severe environmental problems, economic losses and threaten human health seriously. In the present study, a Bacillus sp. strain, designated as AF-1, with strong antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum was isolated from purple soil. Bacillus sp. AF-1 selectively killed Microcystis aeruginosa at low cell density (1.6×103cfu/mL), and showed the strongest bactericidal activity against M. aeruginosa NIES-843 (Ae=93%, t=6d). The algicidal substances originated from strain AF-1 were stable in the temperature range of 35-100°C, and pH range of 3-11. Cell-free filtrate of AF-1 culture caused excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death and the efflux of intracellular components of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 cells. The expression of genes recA, psbA1, psbD1, rbcL and mcyB, involved in DNA repair, photosynthesis and microcystin synthesis of NIES 843, were significantly influenced by the cell-free filtrate of AF-1 culture. Bacillus sp. AF-1 has the potential to be developed as a bifunctional biocontrol agent to control CyanoHABs and F. graminearum caused plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Xuan
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Mangialajo L, Fricke A, Perez-Gutierrez G, Catania D, Jauzein C, Lemee R. Benthic Dinoflagellate Integrator (BEDI): A new method for the quantification of Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms. Harmful Algae 2017; 64:1-10. [PMID: 28427567 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential negative human health, ecological and economic impact, the ecology of harmful benthic dinoflagellate blooms remains largely unknown. This is probably due to the complex interactions among biotic and abiotic drivers that influence blooms, but also to the difficulty in quantifying cell abundance in a comparable way over large spatial and temporal scales. One of the recognized priorities for bHABs (benthic Harmful Algal Blooms) assessment is developing and standardizing methods that can provide comparable data. In this context, the Benthic Dinoflagellates Integrator (BEDI), a new non-destructive quantification method for benthic dinoflagellate abundances, has been developed and tested within the present study. The rationale behind the BEDI standard assessment method is that mechanical resuspension of cells enables the quantification of abundances as cells per unit of seabed surface area (i.e. cellsmm-2) or as Potentially Resuspended cells per unit of volume (PRcellsml-1), by integrating both cells in the biofilm and those in the surrounding water. Estimations of Ostreopsis performed with BEDI method are independent of the substratum (i.e. macroalgal species) or the dominant ecosystem (i.e. algal forests or turfs, seagrass beds, coral reefs) and potentially allow the comparison of benthic dinoflagellate blooms over broad temporal and spatial scales. The first application of the BEDI method, presented in this study, gave encouraging results: the characterization of blooms of Ostreopsis cf. ovata at three sites in the NW Mediterranean Sea is consistent with results derived from the other commonly applied methods. Quantification of the ratio between abundances of cells in the biofilm and in the surrounding water was calculated for the first time per unit of seabed surface area, demonstrating that the highest abundances of cells (the stock), and therefore the associated risk for human health, are in the biofilm. For risk assessment purposes, conversion values for commonly used monitoring alert thresholds of Mediterranean Ostreopsis blooms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mangialajo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Anna Fricke
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Gala Perez-Gutierrez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Daniela Catania
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Cécile Jauzein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Rodolphe Lemee
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
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Lee SY, Jeong HJ, Seong KA, Lim AS, Kim JH, Lee KH, Lee MJ, Jang SH. Improved real-time PCR method for quantification of the abundance of all known ribotypes of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides by comparing 4 different preparation methods. Harmful Algae 2017; 63:23-31. [PMID: 28366397 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Red tides by the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides have caused large scaled mortality of fish and great loss in aquaculture industry in many countries. Detecting and quantifying the abundance of this species are the most critical step in minimizing the loss. The conventional quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method has been used for quantifying the abundance of this species. However, when analyzing >500 samples collected during huge C. polykrikoides red tides in South Sea of Korea in 2014, this conventional method and the previously developed specific primer and probe set for C. polykrikoides did not give reasonable abundances when compared with cell counting data. Thus improved qPCR methods and a new specific primer and probe set reflecting recent discovery of 2 new ribotypes have to be developed. A new species-specific primer and probe set for detecting all 3 ribotypes of C. polykrikoides was developed and provided in this study. Furthermore, because the standard curve between cell abundance and threshold cycle value (Ct) is critical, the efficiencies of 4 different preparation methods used to determine standard curves were comparatively evaluated. The standard curves were determined by using the following 4 different preparations: (1) extraction of DNA from a dense culture of C. polykrikoides followed by serial dilution of the extracted DNA (CDD method), (2) extraction of DNA from each of the serially diluted cultures with different concentrations of C. polykrikoides cultures (CCD method), (3) extraction of DNA from a dense field sample of C. polykrikoides collected from natural seawater and then dilution of the extracted DNA in serial (FDD method), and (4) extraction of DNA from each of the serially diluted field samples having different concentrations of C. polykrikoides (FCD method). These 4 methods yielded different results. The abundances of C. polykrikoides in the samples collected from the coastal waters of South Sea, Korea, in 2014-2015, obtained using the standard curves determined by the CCD and the FCD methods, were the most similar (0.93-1.03 times) and the second closest (1.16-1.33 times) to the actual cell abundances obtained by enumeration of cells. Thus, our results suggest that the CCD method is a more effective tool to quantify the abundance of C. polykrikoides than the conventional method, CDD, and the FDD and FCD methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Ah Seong
- Department of Oceanography, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - An Suk Lim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea Plus program, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Gutierrez D, Shin W, Bennett MS, Triemer RE. Euglenophycin is produced in at least six species of euglenoid algae and six of seven strains of Euglena sanguinea. Harmful Algae 2017; 63:79-84. [PMID: 28366403 PMCID: PMC5380236 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Euglena sanguinea is known to produce the alkaloid toxin euglenophycin and is known to cause fish kills and inhibit mammalian tissue and microalgal culture growth. An analysis of over 30 species of euglenoids for accumulation of euglenophycin identified six additional species producing the toxin; and six of the seven E. sanguinea strains produced the toxin. A phylogenetic assessment of these species confirmed most taxa were in the Euglenaceae, whereas synthesis capability apparently has been lost in the Phacus, Eutreptiella, and Discoplastis branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Danielle Gutierrez
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 9160 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240-7916, USA.
| | - Woongghi Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Matthew S Bennett
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Richard E Triemer
- Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., S-138 Plant Biology Laboratories, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Hu C, Barnes BB, Qi L, Lembke C, English D. Vertical migration of Karenia brevis in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico observed from glider measurements. Harmful Algae 2016; 58:59-65. [PMID: 28073459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic marine dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis (the species responsible for most of red tides or harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico), is known to be able to swim vertically to adapt to the light and nutrient environments, nearly all such observations have been made through controlled experiments using cultures. Here, using continuous 3-dimensional measurements by an ocean glider across a K. brevis bloom in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico between 1 and 8 August 2014, we show the vertical migration behavior of K. brevis. Within the bloom where K. brevis concentration is between 100,000 and 1,000,000cellsL-1, the stratified water shows a two-layer system with the depth of pycnocline ranging between 14-20m and salinity and temperature in the surface layer being <34.8 and >28°C, respectively. The bottom layer shows the salinity of >36 and temperature of <26°C. The low salinity is apparently due to coastal runoff, as the top layer also shows high amount of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Within the top layer, chlorophyll-a fluorescence shows clear diel changes in the vertical structure, an indication of K. brevis vertical migration at a mean speed of 0.5-1mh-1. The upward migration appears to start at sunrise at a depth of 8-10m, while the downward migration appears to start at sunset (or when surface light approaches 0) at a depth of ∼2m. These vertical migrations are believed to be a result of the need of K. brevis cells for light and nutrients in a stable, stratified, and CDOM-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmin Hu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States.
| | - Brian B Barnes
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States; School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Chad Lembke
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
| | - David English
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
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Li X, Dreher TW, Li R. An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species. Harmful Algae 2016; 54:54-68. [PMID: 28073482 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The new genus name Dolichospermum, for most of the planktonic former members of the genus Anabaena, is one of the most ubiquitous bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera. Its dominance and persistence have increased in recent years, due to eutrophication from anthropogenic activities and global climate change. Blooms of Dolichospermum species, with their production of secondary metabolites that commonly include toxins, present a worldwide threat to environmental and public health. In this review, recent advances of the genus Dolichospermum are summarized, including taxonomy, genetics, bloom occurrence, and production of toxin and taste-and-odor compounds. The recent and continuing acquisition of genome sequences is ushering in new methods for monitoring and understanding the factors regulating bloom dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Theo W Dreher
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Davis TW, Gobler CJ. Preface for Special Issue on "Global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Diversity, ecology, causes, and controls". Harmful Algae 2016; 54:1-3. [PMID: 28073470 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 South State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
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