Urbanization-driven forest soil greenhouse gas emissions: Insights from the role of soil bacteria in carbon and nitrogen cycling using a metagenomic approach

Increasing population densities and urban sprawl have induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil, and the soil microbiota of urban forests play a critical role in the production and consumption of GHGs, supporting green development. However, the function and potential mechanism of soil bacteria in GHG emissions from forests during urbanization processes need to be better understood. Here, we measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in Cinnamomum camphora forest soils along an urbanization gradient. 16S amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches were employed to examine the structure and potential functions of the soil bacterial community involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. In this study, the CH4 and CO2 emissions from urban forest soils (sites U and G) were significantly greater than those from suburban soils (sites S and M). The N2O emissions in the urban center (site U) were 24.0 % (G), 13.8 % (S), and 13.5 % (M) greater than those at the other three sites. These results were related to the increasing bacterial alpha diversity, interactions, and C and N cycling gene abundances (especially those involved in denitrification) in urban forest soils. Additionally, the soil pH and metal contents (K, Ca, Mg) affected key bacterial populations (such as Methylomirabilota, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria) and indicators (napA, nosZ, nrfA, nifH) involved in reducing N2O emissions. The soil heavy metal contents (Fe, Cr, Pb) were the main contributors to CH4 emissions, possibly by affecting methanogens (Desulfobacterota) and methanotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Patescibacteria). Our study provides new insights into the benefits of conservation-minded urban planning and close-to-nature urban forest management and construction, which are conducive to mitigating GHG emissions and supporting urban sustainable development by mediating the core bacterial population.

[Exploration and validation of optimal cut-off values for tPSA and fPSA/tPSA screening of prostate cancer at different ages]

Objective: To determine the total and age-specific cut-off values of total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and the ratio of free PSA divided total PSA (fPSA/tPSA) for screening prostate cancer in China. Methods: Based on the Chinese Colorectal, Breast, Lung, Liver, and Stomach cancer Screening Trial (C-BLAST) and the Tianjin Common Cancer Case Cohort (TJ4C), males who were not diagnosed with any cancers at baseline since 2017 and received both tPSA and fPSA testes were selected. Based on Cox regression, the overall and age-specific (＜60, 60-＜70, and ≥70 years) accuracy and optimal cut-off values of tPSA and fPSA/tPSA ratio for screening prostate cancer were evaluated with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (tdROC) and area under curve (AUC). Bootstrap resampling was used to internally validate the stability of the optimal cut-off value, and the PLCO study was used to externally validate the accuracy under different cut-off values. Results: A total of 5 180 participants were included in the study, and after a median follow-up of 1.48 years, a total of 332 prostate cancer patients were included. In the total population, the tdAUC of tPSA and fPSA/tPSA screening for prostate cancer were 0.852 and 0.748, respectively, with the optimal cut-off values of 5.08 ng/ml and 0.173, respectively. After age stratification, the age specific cut-off values of tPSA in the <60, 60-<70, and ≥70 age groups were 3.13, 4.82, and 11.54 ng/ml, respectively, while the age-specific cut-off values of fPSA/tPSA were 0.153, 0.135, and 0.130, respectively. Under the age-specific cut-off values, the sensitivities of tPSA screening for prostate cancer in males <60, 60-70, and ≥70 years old were 92.3%, 82.0%, and 77.6%, respectively, while the specificities were 84.7%, 81.3%, and 75.4%, respectively. The age-specific sensitivities of fPSA/tPSA for screening prostate cancer were 74.4%, 53.3%, and 55.9%, respectively, while the specificities were 83.8%, 83.7%, and 83.7%, respectively. Both bootstrap's internal validation and PLCO external validation provided similar results. The combination of tPSA and fPSA/tPSA could further improve the accuracy of screening. Conclusion: To improve the screening effects, it is recommended that age-specific cut-off values of tPSA and fPSA/tPSA should be used to screen for prostate cancer in the general risk population.

A point-of-care testing platform for on-site identification of genetically modified crops

Genetically modified (GM) food is still highly controversial nowadays. Due to the disparate policies and attitudes worldwide, demands for a rapid, cost-effective and user-friendly GM crop identification method are increasingly significant for import administration, market supervision, etc. However, as the most-recognized methods, nucleic acid-based identification approaches require bulky instruments, long turn-around times and trained personnel, which are only suitable in laboratories. To fulfil the urgent needs of on-site testing, we develop a point-of-care testing platform that is able to identify 12 types of GM crops in less than 40 minutes without using laboratory settings. Our system integrates sample pre-treatment modules in a microfluidic chip, performs DNA amplification via a battery-powered portable kit, and presents results via eye-recognized colorimetric change. A paraffin-based reflow method and a slip plate-based fluid switch are developed to encapsulate and release amplification primers in individual microwells on demand, thus enabling identification of varied targets simultaneously. Our system offers an efficient, affordable and convenient tool for GM crop identification, thus it will not only benefit customs and market administration bureaus, but also satisfy demands of numerous consumers.

Mixed exposure to haloacetaldehyde disinfection by-products exacerbates lipid aggregation in the liver of mice

Haloacetaldehyde disinfection by-products (HAL-DBPs) are among the top three unregulated DBPs found in drinking water. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of HALs are much higher than that of the regulated trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Previous studies have mainly focused on the toxic effects of single HALs, with few examining the toxic effects of mixed exposures to HALs. The study aimed to observe the effects of mixed exposures of 1∼1000X the realistic level of HALs on the hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism of C57BL/6J mice, based on the component and concentration of HALs detected in the finished water of Shanghai. Exposure to realistic levels of HALs led to a significant increase in phosphorated acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (p-ACC1) in the hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. Additionally, exposure to 100X realistic levels of HALs resulted in significant alterations to key enzymes of lipid ab initio synthesis, including ACC1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), as well as key proteins of lipid disposal such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα). Exposure to 1000-fold realistic levels of HALs significantly increased hepatic and serum triglyceride levels, as well as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, histopathological analysis demonstrated that HALs exacerbated tissue vacuolization and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse livers, which showed the typical phenotypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These results suggested that the HALs mixture is a critical risk factor for NAFLD and is significantly highly toxic to C57BL/6J mice.

Development and validation of sensitive and rapid CRISPR/Cas12-based PCR method to detect hazelnut in unlabeled products

Hazelnut, one of the most popular tree nuts, is widely found in processed food and even very small amounts can trigger severe allergic reactions in susceptible people. Herein, we developed a sensitive and rapid method based on CRISPR and qPCR capable of detecting low-abundance hazelnut in processed food. The assay, known as CRISPR-based nucleic acid test method (Crinac) can detect 1 % of hazelnut in a mixture and allows the species to be identified in a complex processed sample. The detection process can be completed within 60 min. Contributed to amplification via PCR and CRISPR/Cas12a, enables end-fluorescence measurement for the quantification of hazelnut, thus reducing assay time and eliminating the need for costly real-time fluorescence PCR instruments. The assay based on CRISPR/Cas12 and PCR has potential as a sensitive and reliable analytical tool for the detection of food authenticity.

Paternal and maternal exposures to adverse childhood experiences and spontaneous fetal loss: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUND

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might be associated with maternal spontaneous fetal loss, while evidence among Chinese population is limited. This study aims to explore the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among women and their spouses with the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.

METHOD

Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2014 survey. ACEs were categorized into intra-familial ACEs and extra-familial ACEs. The associations of maternal and paternal ACEs with women's history of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth were investigated by logistic regression.

RESULTS

7,742 women were included with 9.05% and 2.47% experiencing at least one spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, respectively. Women exposed to 2, 3, and ≥ 4 ACEs were at significantly higher odds of spontaneous abortion, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.52 (95% [CI, Confidence Interval] 1.10-2.10), 1.50 (95% CI 1.07-2.09) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.21-2.32), respectively. A significant association between ≥ 4 maternal intra-familial ACEs and stillbirth (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.12-4.42) was also revealed. Furthermore, paternal exposures to 3 and ≥ 4 overall ACEs were significantly associated with their wives' history of spontaneous abortion, with adjusted ORs of 1.81 (95% CI 1.01-3.26) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.03-3.25), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Both maternal and paternal ACEs were associated with spontaneous abortion, and potential mediators might need to be considered to further explore impacts of maternal and paternal ACEs on maternal reproductive health.

Sorafenib inhibits ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by blocking LOXL2-mediated vascularization

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a degenerative hyperostosis disease characterized by the transformation of the soft and elastic vertebral ligament into bone, resulting in limited spinal mobility and nerve compression. Employing both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we elucidate the molecular characteristics, cellular components, and their evolution during the OPLL process at a single-cell resolution, and validate these findings in clinical samples. This study also uncovers the capability of ligament stem cells to exhibit endothelial cell-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Notably, our study identifies LOXL2 as a key regulator in this process. Through gain-and loss-of-function studies, we elucidate the role of LOXL2 in the endothelial-like differentiation of ligament cells. It acts via the HIF1A pathway, promoting the secretion of downstream VEGFA and PDGF-BB. This function is not related to the enzymatic activity of LOXL2. Furthermore, we identify sorafenib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of LOXL2-mediated vascular morphogenesis. By disrupting the coupling between vascularization and osteogenesis, sorafenib demonstrates significant inhibition of OPLL progression in both BMP-induced and enpp1 deficiency-induced animal models while having no discernible effect on normal bone mass. These findings underscore the potential of sorafenib as a therapeutic intervention for OPLL.

Engineering allorejection-resistant CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy

The clinical potential of current FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy is encumbered by its autologous nature, which presents notable challenges related to manufacturing complexities, heightened costs, and limitations in patient selection. Therefore, there is a growing demand for off-the-shelf universal cell therapies. In this study, we have generated universal CAR-engineered NKT (UCAR-NKT) cells by integrating iNKT TCR engineering and HLA gene editing on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), along with an ex vivo, feeder-free HSC differentiation culture. The UCAR-NKT cells are produced with high yield, purity, and robustness, and they display a stable HLA-ablated phenotype that enables resistance to host cell-mediated allorejection. These UCAR-NKT cells exhibit potent antitumor efficacy to blood cancers and solid tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, employing a multifaceted array of tumor-targeting mechanisms. These cells are further capable of altering the tumor microenvironment by selectively depleting immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, UCAR-NKT cells demonstrate a favorable safety profile with low risks of graft-versus-host disease and cytokine release syndrome. Collectively, these preclinical studies underscore the feasibility and significant therapeutic potential of UCAR-NKT cell products and lay a foundation for their translational and clinical development.

[The application of artificial intelligence in prehospital treatment of spinal cord trauma]

The spinal cord trauma induced by production and accidents in the current society has the characteristics of complicated injuries and difficult treatment, which is an important cause of death and disability of the wounded. With the development of computer technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the field of trauma treatment. The application of AI to assist pre-hospital rescue personnel in rapid and accurate identification and emergency treatment of fatal concomitant injuries, the examination of spinal cord function, spinal stabilization, the transport and evacuation of wounded, and supportive treatment can improve the efficiency of spinal cord trauma treatment and reduce the rate of death and disability.

Effects of fermented cottonseed meal inclusions on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and hepatic lipid metabolism of geese during 28-70 d of age

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) inclusion levels on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and hepatic lipid metabolism in geese from 28 to 70 d of age. A total of 288 twenty-eight-d-old male geese were randomly divided into 4 treatments with FCSM levels of 0, 5, 15 and 25% including 0, 22.74, 67.33, 111.27 mg FG/kg diet, respectively. Each treatment contained 6 replicates and 12 birds per replicate. Treatments of FCSM inclusions from 0 to 25% had no effect on growth rate and feed intake in geese during d 28 to 70. The F/G ratio was increased (P < 0.05) in geese fed the diet with 25% FCSM compared with birds fed the diet with 0% FCSM. Treatment with 25% FCSM levels had no effect on the contents of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, but increased (P < 0.05) AST and ALT activities in serum of geese at d 70. Treatment with 25% FCSM increased the contents of FG, HDL-C, TC, C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and PUFA and decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of NEFA, SFA, MUFA in liver compared with treatment of 0% FCSM inclusion. Additionally, treatment with 25% FCSM decreased (P < 0.05) the PPARα, AMPK, and LXR mRNA expression related to lipid deposition, and increased (P < 0.05) PPARγ and ACC mRNA expression related to lipolysis in liver compared with birds fed the diet with 0% FCSM. Overall, treatment with 0 to 15% FCSM (<=67.33 mg FG/kg diet) had no adverse effects on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of geese. However, treatment fed 25% FCSM (111.27 mg FG/kg diet) decreased feed efficiency and promoted hepatic lipid deposition associated with the alteration of related gene expression in geese at 28 to 70 d of age.

Effect of SIRT1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in a Han Chinese population

AIMS

SIRT1 deficiency has been associated with diabetes, and a variant of the SIRT1 gene has been found to be involved in human autoimmune diabetes; however, it is unclear whether this genetic variation exists in Han Chinese with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and whether it contributes to development of T1D. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association of the SIRT1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10997866 and rs3818292 in a Han Chinese population with T1D.

METHODS

This study recruited 2653 unrelated Han Chinese individuals, of whom 1289 had T1D and 1364 were healthy controls. Allelic and genotypic distributions of SIRT1 polymorphisms (rs10997866 and rs3818292) were determined by MassARRAY. Basic characteristics, genotype and allele frequencies of selected SNPs were compared between the T1D patients and healthy controls. Further genotype-phenotype association analysis of the SNPs was performed on the T1D patients divided into three groups according to genotype. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney U test, Kruskal‒Wallis H test and logistic regression.

RESULTS

The allelic (G vs. A) and genotypic (GA vs. AA) distributions of SIRT1 rs10997866 were significantly different in T1D patients and healthy controls (P = 0.039, P = 0.027), and rs10997866 was associated with T1D susceptibility under dominant, overdominant and additive models (P = 0.026, P = 0.030 and P = 0.027, respectively). Moreover, genotype-phenotype association analysis showed the GG genotype of rs10997866 and the GG genotype of rs3818292 to be associated with higher titers of IA-2A (P = 0.013 and P = 0.038, respectively).

CONCLUSION

SIRT1 rs10997866 is significantly associated with T1D susceptibility, with the minor allele G conferring a higher risk of T1D. Moreover, SIRT1 gene rs10997866 and rs3818292 correlate with the titer of IA-2A in Han Chinese individuals with T1D.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in Prader-Willi syndrome: A large-sample analysis in China

The genotype-phenotype relationship in PWS patients is important for a better understanding of the clinical phenotype and clinical characteristics of different genotypes of PWS in children. We aimed to explore the influence of specific gene changes on the clinical symptoms of PWS and the value of early screening and early intervention of the condition. All data in this study were extracted from the database of the XiaoPang Weili Rare Disease Care Center. The collected information included basic demographics, maternal pregnancy information, endocrine abnormalities, growth and development abnormalities, and other clinical phenotypes. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes in the major categories of PWS were analyzed. A total of 586 PWS cases with confirmed molecular diagnosis and genotyping were included in this study. Among them, 83.8% belonged to the deletion type, 10.9% the uniparental disomy (UPD) type, and 5.3% the imprinting defect (ID) type. Age-wide comparison among the three groups: The rate of hypopigmentation in the deletion group was higher than that in the UPD group (88.8% vs. 60.9%; p < 0.05); A total of 62 patients (14.2%) had epilepsy; and no statistical significance was found among the three groups (p = 0.110). Age-wide comparison between the deletion and non-deletion types: the rate of skin hypopigmentation and epilepsy in the deletion group was significantly higher than that in the non-deletion group (88.8% vs. 68.4%, p < 0.001; 15.9% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.040). The intergroup comparison for the >2-year age group: there were significant intergroup differences in the language development delay among the three groups (p < 0.001). The incidence of delayed language development was the highest in the deletion group, followed by the UPD group, and the lowest in the ID group. The rates of obesity and hyperphagia in the deletion group were also higher than those in the non-deletion group (71.1% vs. 58.9%, p = 0.041; 75.7% vs. 62.0%, p = 0.016). There are significant differences in the rates of skin hypopigmentation and language developmental delay among the deletion, UPD, and ID genotypes. The patients with deletion type had significantly higher rates of lighter skin color, obesity, hyperphagia, language developmental delay, and epilepsy. The results of this study will help clinicians better understand the impact of different PWS molecular etiologies on specific phenotypes.

A qualitative internet-based study of parental experiences of adolescents suffering from affective disorders with non-suicidal self-injury during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors of adolescents with affective disorders can directly deteriorate parents' internal experiences, and negative parental experiences can exacerbate or even worsen NSSI behaviors. This study investigates the impact of NSSI behaviors exhibited by adolescents with affective disorders on the internal experiences of parents. Specifically, our research focuses on the inner experiences of parents when their children engage in NSSI behaviors during social isolation of the COVID-19, offering insights for addressing parental mental health issues related to NSSI and developing positive parental behavioral models to optimize adolescent behavior during major public health events.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 parents of adolescents with affective disorders displaying NSSI behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis was employed to refine and categorize emerging themes.

Results

Our study revealed that parents of adolescents facing NSSI during the COVID-19 pandemic underwent different internal experiences, which could be classified into four themes: negative experience, high caregiving burden, lack of caregiving capacity, and resilience.

Conclusion

This Internet-based research is the first to explore the internal experiences of parents of adolescents with affective disorders experiencing NSSI during the COVID-19 pandemic. It sheds light on how parents, in response to their children's NSSI behaviors, undergo resilience following negative experiences, explore more open and supportive family model. Despite these positive outcomes, parents express a need for increased knowledge about NSSI illness care and a desire for professional assistance.

Does nature-based social prescription improve mental health outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

A nature-based social prescription (NBSP) is an approach to improving mental health outcomes that involves prescribing nature-based interventions as complementary or alternative therapy to traditional ones. A variety of advantages are available from NBSP for people looking to enhance their mental well-being. The effect size of the nature-based social prescriptions (NBSPs) has not been thoroughly evaluated by systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Objectives

The current study aimed to analyze existing studies and conduct a meta-analysis to determine the overall effect size of the nature-based social prescriptions (NBSP's) outcomes on mental health.

Methods

By choosing the relevant papers from among those that were available, a meta-analysis was carried out in the current study. A systematic search of electronic databases (Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychINFO) was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they evaluated the effects of NBSP on mental health outcomes. Effect sizes were calculated using the random effects model.

Results

Meta-analysis of interventions statistics shows that CBT (SMD -0.0035; 95% CI: [-0.5090; 0.5020]; Tau^2: 0.1011; Tau: 0.318), digital intervention (SMD -0.3654; 95% CI: [-0.5258; 1.2566]; Tau^2: 0.2976, Tau: 0.5455), music intervention (SMD -2.1281; 95% CI: [-0.4659; 4.7221]; Tau^2: 3.4046; Tau:1.8452), and psychological interventions (SMD -0.8529; 95% CI: [0.3051; 1.4007]; Tau^2: 0.1224; Tau: 0.3499) do not significantly impact. The other interventions [social belongingness, communication training, blue intervention, nature-based education, cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT), social prescribing coordinator, self-help intervention, participatory, organizational intervention, inpatient services, brief diet, internet-based intervention, prenatal intervention, yoga and meditation, ergonomics training program, yoga nidra intervention, and storytelling] highlighted above are significant.

Conclusion

The conclusion of the meta-analysis supports the idea that incorporating nature-based social prescription interventions into mental healthcare plans can effectively complement traditional therapies and improve mental health outcomes.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023412458, CRD42023412458.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identifying and Evaluating TRAF6 and IL-8 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Neonatal Patients with Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal complication in premature infants, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and its early detection is crucial for accurate treatment and outcome prediction. Extensive research has demonstrated a clear correlation between NEC and extremely low birth weight, degree of preterm, formula feeding, infection, hypoxic/ischemic damage, and intestinal dysbiosis. The development of noninvasive biomarkers of NEC from stool, urine, and serum has attracted a great deal of interest because to these clinical connections and the quest for a deeper knowledge of disease pathophysiology. Therefore, this study aims to identify protein expression patterns in NEC and discover innovative diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we recruited five patients diagnosed with NEC and paired necrotic segments of intestinal tissue with adjacent normal segments of intestine to form experimental and control groups. Quantitative proteomics tandem mass tagging (TMT) labeling technique was used to detect and quantify the proteins, and the expression levels of the candidate biomarkers in the intestinal tissues were further determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, Immunofluorescence methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 6880 proteins were identified and quantified in patients with NEC. A significant disparity in protein expression was observed between necrotic and normal segments of intestinal tissue in NEC patients. A total of 55 proteins were found to be upregulated, and 40 proteins were found to be downregulated in NEC patients when using a p-value of < 0.05, and an absolute fold change of > 1.2 for analysis. GO function enrichment analysis showed the positive regulation of significant biological processes such as mitochondrial organization, vasoconstriction, rRNA catabolism, fluid shear stress response, and glycerol ether biosynthesis processes. Enrichment analysis also revealed essential functions such as ligand-gated ion channel activity, potassium channel activity, ligand-gated cation channel activity, ligand-gated ion channel activity, and ligand-gated channel activity, including molecular functions such as ligand-gated ion channel activity and mitotic events in this comparative group. Significant changes were found in endomembrane protein complex, membrane fraction, mitochondrial membrane fraction, membrane components, membrane intrinsic components, and other localized proteins. Additional validation of intestinal tissue and serum revealed a substantial increase in TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) and IL-8(Interleukin-8, CXCL8). The quantitative proteomic TMT method can effectively detect proteins with differential expression in the intestinal tissues of NEC patients. Proteins TRAF6 and CXCL8/IL-8 are significantly upregulated in the intestinal tissues and serum samples of patients and may serve as valuable predictor factors for NEC's early diagnosis.

Building a Charge Transfer Bridge between g-C3N4 and Perovskite with Molecular Engineering to Achieve Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Effective defect passivation and efficient charge transfer within polycrystalline perovskite grains and corresponding boundaries are necessary to achieve highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, focusing on the boundary location of g-C3N4 during the crystallization modulation on perovskite, molecular engineering of 4-carboxyl-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (BF) on g-C3N4 was designed to obtain a novel additive named BFCN. With the help of the strong bonding ability of BF with both g-C3N4 and perovskite and favorable intramolecular charge transfer within BFCN, not only has the crystal quality of perovskite films been improved due to the effective defects passivation, but the charge transfer has also been greatly accelerated due to the formation of additional charge transfer channels on the grain boundaries. As a result, the champion BFCN-based PSCs achieve the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.71% with good stability.

I2/CF3CO2Ag-mediated iodolactonization of various allenoic acids to access versatile 6- to 9-membered ring vinylic iodolactones

Medium-sized lactones are important structural units, but their synthesis remains a great challenge. Herein, we report I2/CF3CO2Ag-mediated iodolactonization of allenoic acids to synthesize various 6- to 9-membered ring vinylic iodolactones in 16-89% yield. This protocol not only develops a new cyclization strategy of allenoic acids, but also provides highly functionalized medium-sized lactones containing alkene and halogen groups.

Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of Secretory Phospholipase A2 from Apostichopus japonicus

Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) plays important roles in phospholipid metabolism, skin barrier maintenance, immune response and other processes in organisms. sPLA2 of sea cucumber A. japonicus (AjPLA2) has not yet been reported. This study successfully amplified the AjPLA2 sequence. The total cDNA of AjPLA2 is 931 bp, including a 480 bp ORF that encodes 159 amino acids. The AjPLA2 protein includes a 16-aa signal peptide, a 5-aa precursor peptide and a 138-aa mature peptide. Homologous alignment showed that AjPLA2 and the sPLA2s from starfish have the typical domains of the Group IB sPLA2. And additional amino acid sequences were found around the β-Wing, which is different from the Group IB sPLA2. These results showed that AjPLA2 and sPLA2s from starfish all belong to a new group in the Group I sPLA2 family. AjPLA2 is widely distributed in sea cucumber tissues. The functional analysis also showed that AjPLA2 was upregulated in the intestine by feeding. When the body wall was damaged, it was significantly upregulated around the wound. And the expression levels of AjPLA2 were significantly increased in V. splendens-infected sea cucumbers. The results indicated that AjPLA2 plays roles in the sea cucumber immunologic process. Combined with the upregulation of unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content in A. japonicus, it demonstrated that AjPLA2 could participate in the immune of A. japonicus by hydrolyzing phospholipid and releasing PUFAs. This study had a solid foundation for the further research of AjPLA2 gene function in vivo, development and application of AjPLA2 protein.

Simultaneous photocatalytic degradation and SERS detection of tetracycline with self-sustainable and recyclable ternary PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers

Facile and efficient photocatalysts using sunlight, as well as fast and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, are urgently needed for practical degradation of tetracycline (TC). To meet these requirements, a new paradigm for PI/TiO2/Ag organic‒inorganic ternary flexible microfibers based on semiconducting titanium dioxide (TiO2), the noble metal silver (Ag) and the conjugated polymer polyimide (PI) was developed by engineering a simple method. Under sunlight, the photocatalytic characteristics of the PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers containing varying amounts of Ag quantum dots (QDs) were evaluated with photocatalytic degradation of TC in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the amount of Ag affected the photocatalytic activity. Among the tested samples, PI/TiO2/Ag-0.07 (93.1%) exhibited a higher photocatalytic degradation rate than PI/TiO2 (25.7%), PI/TiO2/Ag-0.05 (77.7%), and PI/TiO2/Ag-0.09 (63.3%). This observation and evaluation conducted in the present work strongly indicated a charge transfer mechanism. Moreover, the PI/TiO2/Ag-0.07 flexible microfibers exhibited highly sensitive SERS detection, as demonstrated by the observation of the Raman peaks for TC even at an extremely low concentration of 10-10 moles per liter. The excellent photocatalytic performance and SERS detection capability of the PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers arose from the Schottky barrier formed between Ag and TiO2 and also from the outstanding plasmonic resonance and visible light absorptivity of Ag, along with immobilization by the PI. The successful synthesis of PI/TiO2/Ag flexible microfibers holds significant promise for sensitive detection and efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.

Contribution of platelets to disruption of the blood-brain barrier during arterial baroreflex dysfunction

BACKGROUND

Arterial baroreflex dysfunction, like many other central nervous system disorders, involves disruption of the blood-brain barrier, but what causes such disruption in ABR dysfunction is unclear. Here we explored the potential role of platelets in this disruption.

METHODS

ABR dysfunction was induced in rats using sinoaortic denervation, and the effects on integrity of the blood-brain barrier were explored based on leakage of Evans blue or FITC-dextran, while the effects on expression of CD40L in platelets and of key proteins in microvascular endothelial cells were explored using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Similar experiments were carried out in rat brain microvascular endothelial cell line, which we exposed to platelets taken from rats with ABR dysfunction.

RESULTS

Sinoaortic denervation permeabilized the blood-brain barrier and downregulated zonula occludens-1 and occludin in rat brain, while upregulating expression of CD40L on the surface of platelets and stimulating platelet aggregation. Similar effects of permeabilization and downregulation were observed in healthy rats that received platelets from animals with ABR dysfunction, and in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, but only in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. These effects were associated with activation of NF-κB signaling and upregulation of matrix metalloprotease-9. These effects of platelets from animals with ABR dysfunction were partially blocked by neutralizing antibody against CD40L or the platelet inhibitor clopidogrel.

CONCLUSION

During ABR dysfunction, platelets may disrupt the blood-brain barrier when CD40L on their surface activates NF-kB signaling within cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, leading to upregulation of matrix metalloprotease-9. Our findings imply that targeting CD40L may be effective against cerebral diseases involving ABR dysfunction.

Sedentary behavior, physical activity, sleep duration and obesity risk: Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND

Observational studies have suggested associations between sedentary behaviors (SB), physical activity (PA), sleep duration (SD), and obesity, but the causal relationships remain unclear.

METHODS

We used Mendelian randomization (MR) with genetic variation as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess the causality between SB/PA/SD and obesity. Genetic variants associated with SB/PA/SD were obtained from Genome-wide association study (GWAS), and obesity data came from FinnGen. The primary MR analysis used the instrumental variable weighted (IVW) method, with sensitivity tests including Cochran Q, MR-Egger intercepts, and MR-Radial. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis was applied to identify significant genetic associations and biological pathways in obesity-related tissues.

RESULTS

The MR analysis revealed causal relationships between four SB-related lifestyle patterns and obesity. Specifically, increased genetic liability to television watching (IVW MR Odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, [95% CI]:[1.27, 1.90], p = 1.67×10-5), computer use ([OR] = 1.52, [95% CI]:[1.08, 2.13], p = 1.61×10-2), leisure screen time (LST) ([OR] = 1.62, [95% CI] = [1.43, 1.84], p = 6.49×10-14, and driving (MR [OR] = 2.79, [95% CI]:[1.25, 6.21], p = 1.23×10-2) was found to increase the risk of obesity. Our findings indicate that no causal relationships were observed between SB at work, sedentary commuting, PA, SD, and obesity. The eQTL analysis revealed strong associations between specific genes (RPS26, TTC12, CCDC92, NICN1) and SNPs (rs10876864, rs2734849, rs4765541, rs7615206) in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, which are associated with these SBs. Enrichment analysis further revealed that these genes are involved in crucial biological pathways, including cortisol synthesis, thyroid hormone synthesis, and insulin secretion.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings support a causal relationship between four specific SBs (LST, television watching, computer use, driving) and obesity. These results provide valuable insights into potential interventions to address obesity effectively, supported by genetic associations in the eQTL and enrichment analysis. Further research and public health initiatives focusing on reducing specific SBs may be warranted.

Siglec-15 on macrophages suppress the immune microenvironment in patients with PD-L1 negative non-metastasis lung adenocarcinoma

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is an immune checkpoint molecule with sequence homology to programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is mainly expressed on macrophages and tumor cells. However, whether Siglec-15-induced immunosuppression and poor prognosis are independent of PD-L1 remains unclear. In this study, we collected samples of 135 non-small cell lung cancers and found that Siglec-15 and PD-L1 expression were independent in non-small cell lung cancer by multiple immunofluorescence staining. Siglec-15 on macrophages (Mφ-Siglec-15) was significantly associated with DFS (p < 0.05) in PD-L1- patients with non-metastasis lung adenocarcinoma, not in PD-L1+ or lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Moreover, stromal Siglec-15+ macrophages of Mφ-Siglec-15+PD-L1- patients were significantly more than those of Mφ-Siglec-15-PD-L1- patients (p = 0.002). We further found that Siglec-15+ macrophages polarized toward M2 and produced more IL-10, negatively associated with inflamed immunophenotype in PD-L1- patients and may inhibit CD8+T cells infiltration. In conclusion, PD-L1-independent Siglec-15+ macrophages contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in non-metastasis lung adenocarcinoma patients, which may cause a higher risk of recurrence. Siglec-15 could be a potential target for normalizing cancer immunotherapy, benefiting patients who fail to respond to anti-PD-L1 therapy.

Exploring resting-state EEG oscillations in patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Quantitative resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) is a convenient method for characterizing the functional impairments and adaptations of the brain that has been shown to be valuable for assessing many neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially in monitoring disease status and assisting neuromodulation treatment. However, it has not yet been explored in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This study aimed to investigate the rs-EEG features of NMOSD patients and explore the rs-EEG features related to disease characteristics and complications (such as anxiety, depression, and fatigue).

METHODS

A total of 32 NMOSD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited; their demographic and disease information were collected, and their anxiety, depression, and fatigue symptoms were evaluated. The rs-EEG power spectra of all the participants were obtained. After excluding the participants with low-quality rs-EEG data during processing, statistical analysis was conducted based on the clinical information and rs-EEG data of 29 patients and 19 HCs. The rs-EEG power (the mean spectral energy (MSE) of absolute power and relative power in all frequency bands, as well as the specific power for all electrode sites) of NMOSD patients and HCs was compared. Furthermore, correlation analyses were performed between rs-EEG power and other variables for NMOSD patients (including the disease characteristics and complications).

RESULTS

The distribution of the rs-EEG power spectra in NMOSD patients was similar to that in HCs. The dominant alpha-peaks shifted significantly towards a lower frequency for patients when compared to HCs. The delta and theta power was significantly increased in the NMOSD group compared to that in the HC group. The alpha oscillation power was found to be significantly negatively associated with the degree of anxiety (reflected by the anxiety subscore of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) and the degree of depression (reflected by the depression subscore of HADS). The gamma oscillation power was revealed to be significantly positively correlated with the fatigue severity scale (FSS) score, while further analysis indicated that the electrode sites of almost the whole brain region showing correlations with fatigue. Regarding the disease variables, no statistically significant rs-EEG features were related to the main disease features in NMOSD patients.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest that the rs-EEG power spectra of NMOSD patients show increased slow oscillations and are potential biomarkers of widespread white matter microstructural damage in NMOSD. Moreover, this study revealed the rs-EEG features associated with anxiety, depression, and fatigue in NMOSD patients, which might help in the evaluation of these complications and the development of neuromodulation treatment. Quantitative rs-EEG analysis may play an important role in the management of NMOSD patients, and future studies are warranted to more comprehensively understand its application value.

f25, a novel synthetic quinoline derivative, inhibits tongue cancer cell invasion and survival by the PPAR pathway in vitro and vivo

Tongue cancer has a very high incidence in China, and there is a need to develop new anti-tumour drugs against it. We synthesised 31 novel quinoline derivatives to test their anti-tumour activity. A compound referred to as "f25" was identified through screening for its high in vitro toxicity against an oral squamous carcinoma cell line (CAL-27). f25 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against CAL-27 cells (IC50 = 7.70 ± 0.58 μΜ). f25 also inhibited the migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells to a level comparable with that of the chemotherapy agent cisplatin. Moreover, f25 promoted the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells. Transcriptome sequencing and western blotting showed that the mechanism of action of f25 against CAL-27 cells involved the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. Specifically, f25 could bind to PPAR-α, PPAR-β, and PPAR-γ and increase their expression. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with f25 led to a reduction in tumour volume in nude mice without significant toxicity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of quinoline compounds (particularly f25) for the design and synthesis of anti-tumour drugs. It also underscores the importance of the PPAR signalling pathway as a target for potential cancer therapies.

Traditional Chinese medicine Qingre Huoxue decoction enhances wound healing in through modulation of angiogenic and inflammatory pathways

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Qingre Huoxue Decoction (QHD), a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, in promoting wound healing in an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis. The research was driven by the need for effective wound healing strategies in psoriatic conditions, where conventional treatments often fall short. Employing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methodologies, we assessed the effects of QHD on key factors associated with wound healing. Our results showed that QHD treatment significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic proteins HIF-1α, FLT-1, and VEGF, and mitigated inflammatory responses, as evidenced by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of IL-10. Furthermore, QHD enhanced the expression of genes essential for wound repair. In vitro assays with HUVECs corroborated the anti-angiogenic effects of QHD. Conclusively, the study highlights QHD's efficacy in enhancing wound healing in psoriatic conditions by modulating angiogenic and inflammatory pathways, presenting a novel therapeutic avenue in psoriasis wound management.

Design of MXene-Based Multiporous Nanosheet Stacking Structures Integrating Multiple Synergistic SERS Enhancements for Ultrasensitive Detection of Chloramphenicol

Motivated by the desire for more sensitivity and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates to trace detect chloramphenicol due to its high toxicity and ubiquity, MXene has attracted increasing attention and is encountering the high-priority task of further observably improving detection sensitivity. Herein, a universal SERS optimization strategy that incorporates NH4VO3 to induce few-layer MXenes assembling into multiporous nanosheet stacking structures was innovatively proposed. The synthesized Nb2C-based multiporous nanosheet stacking structure can achieve a low limit of detection of 10-10 M and a high enhancement factor of 2.6 × 109 for MeB molecules, whose detection sensitivity is improved by 3 orders of magnitude relative to few-layer Nb2C MXenes. Such remarkably enhanced SERS sensitivity mainly originates from the multiple synergistic contributions of the developed physical adsorption, the chemical enhancement, and the conspicuously improved electromagnetic enhancement arising from the intersecting MXenes. Furthermore, the improved SERS sensitivity endows Nb2C-based multiporous structures with the capability to achieve ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol with a wide linear range from 100 μg/mL to 1 ng/mL. We believe it is of great significance in conspicuously developing the SERS sensitivity of other MXenes with surficial negative charges and has a great promising perspective for the trace detection of other antibiotics in microsystems.

The effect of metabolic factors on the association between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort mediation analysis

BACKGROUND

Hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are all established risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their interplay could exacerbate CKD progression. This study aims to evaluate the potential mediation effects of hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia on the association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

METHODS

We collected electronic medical record data from 2055 participants who underwent physical examinations at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The data were utilized to investigate the mediating effect of various factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), homocysteine (HCY), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood glucose (Glu), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the relationship between HUA and CKD.

RESULTS

Upon adjusting for confounding variables, mediation analysis indicated that only HCY acted as a mediator in the HUA-CKD relationship (p value < 0.05), exhibiting a statistically significant mediation effect of 7.04%. However, after adjustment for multiple testing, none of these variables were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering the observed associations between hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and CKD, none of the factors of interest remained statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing as potential mediators of hyperuricemia on CKD.

[A real-world study on the features of postpartum hepatitis flares in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection]

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of postpartum hepatitis flares in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Patients who met the enrollment criteria were included. Liver function and HBV virology tests were collected from pregnant women with chronic HBV infection at delivery, 6, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after delivery through the hospital information and test system. Additionally, antiviral therapy types and drug withdrawal times were collected. Statistical analysis was performed on all the resulting data. Results: A total of 533 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included, with all patients aged (29.5±3.7) years old. A total of 408 cases received antiviral drugs during pregnancy to interrupt mother-to-child transmission. There was no significant difference in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, z = -1.981, P = 0.048), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, z = -3.956, P < 0.001), HBV load (z = -15.292, P < 0.001), and HBeAg (z = -4.77, P < 0.001) at delivery in patients who received medication and those who did not. All patients ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin showed an upward trend within six weeks after delivery. A total of 231 cases developed hepatitis within 48 weeks after delivery. Among them, 173 cases first showed ALT abnormalities within six weeks postpartum. Conclusion: Hepatitis flare incidence peaked six weeks after delivery or six weeks after drug withdrawal in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Domain-limited thermal transformation preparation of novel graphitized carbon-supported layered double oxides for efficient tetracycline degradation

The resource utilization of industrial lignin to construct high-performance catalysts for wastewater treatment field is pioneering research. Herein, the novel graphitized carbon-supported CuCoAl-layered double oxides (LDOs-GC) were successfully designed by the domain-limited thermal transformation technology using sodium lignosulfonate (LS) self-assembled CuCoAl-layered double hydroxides as the precursor. The optimized LDOs-GC catalyst owned the excellent tetracycline (TC) degradation of 98.0% within 15 min by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under optimal conditions (20 mg/L catalyst, 1.5 mM PMS, 30 mg/L TC). The density of metal ions in the catalyst and the synergistic interaction between graphitized carbon (GC) and metal ions played a major role in TC degradation. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the TC degradation in LDOs-GC/PMS system was proved to be accomplished by a combination of free radicals (SO4·- and HO·) and non-radicals (1O2). Meanwhile, the possible degradation pathways of TC were proposed by the analysis of TC degradation intermediates and a comprehensive analysis of the rational reaction mechanism for TC degradation by LDOs-GC/PMS system was also performed. This work provides a new strategy for developing novel high-performance catalysts from industrial waste, while offering a green, cheap and sustainable approach to antibiotic degradation.

Senescence-related genes analysis in breast cancer reveals the immune microenvironment and implications for immunotherapy

Despite the advent of precision therapy for breast cancer (BRCA) treatment, some individuals are still unable to benefit from it and have poor survival prospects as a result of the disease's high heterogeneity. Cell senescence plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis, progression, and immune regulation of cancer and has a major impact on the tumor microenvironment. To find new treatment strategies, we aimed to investigate the potential significance of cell senescence in BRCA prognosis and immunotherapy. We created a 9-gene senescence-related signature. We evaluated the predictive power and the role of signatures in the immune microenvironment and infiltration. In vitro tests were used to validate the expression and function of the distinctive critical gene ACTC1. Our risk signature allows BRCA patients to receive a Predictive Risk Signature (PRS), which may be used to further categorize a patient's response to immunotherapy. Compared to conventional clinicopathological characteristics, PRS showed strong predictive efficacy and precise survival prediction. Moreover, PRS subgroups were examined for altered pathways, mutational patterns, and possibly useful medicines. Our research offers suggestions for incorporating senescence-based molecular classification into risk assessment and ICI therapy decision-making.

A rare case of intervertebral disc calcification combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in a child: a case report and literature review

BACKGROUND

Intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) combined with calcification in children has been sporadically reported, while ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine in pediatric patients is exceedingly rare. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential prognosis and outcomes associated with this condition.

CASE PRESENTATION

We present an unusual case involving a 10-year-old Chinese child diagnosed with calcified cervical disc herniation and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Conservative treatment measures were implemented, and at the 1-month and 6-month follow-up, the patient's pain exhibited significant improvement. Subsequent cervical MRI and CT scans revealed the complete disappearance of OPLL and substantial absorption of the calcified disc. During the three-month follow-up, CT demonstrated slight residual disc calcification, however, the patient remained asymptomatic with no discernible limitation in cervical motion.

CONCLUSIONS

We conducted a comprehensive review of several cases presenting with the same diagnosis. It is noteworthy that IDC combined with OPLL in children constitutes a rare clinical entity. Despite imaging indications of potential spinal canal occupation, the majority of such cases demonstrate complete absorption following conservative treatment, with OPLL exhibiting a faster absorption rate than calcified discs.

Global burden and inequality of maternal and neonatal disorders: based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study

BACKGROUND

Maternal and neonatal disorders account for substantial health loss across the lifespan from early childhood. These problems may be related to health inequality.

AIM

To provide evidence for improvement in health policies regarding maternal and neonatal disorder inequity.

DESIGN

This was a population-based cross-sectional study based on 2019 Global Burden of Disease data.

METHODS

Annual cases and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Concentration curves and concentration indices were used to summarize the degree of socioeconomic-related inequality.

RESULTS

For maternal disorders, the global ASRs of incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs were 2889.4 (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 2562.9-3251.9), 502.9 (95% UI 418.7-598.0), 5.0 (95% UI 4.4-5.8) and 324.9 (95% UI 284.0-369.1) per 100 000 women in 2019, respectively. The ASRs of maternal disorders were all obviously reduced and remained pro-poor from 1990 to 2019. In neonatal disorders, the global ASRs of incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs were 363.3 (95% UI 334.6-396.8), 1239.8 (95% UI 1142.1-1356.7), 29.1 (95% UI 24.8-34.5) and 2828.3 (95% UI 2441.6-3329.6) per 100 000 people in 2019, respectively. The global ASRs of incidence, death and DALYs in neonatal disorders have remained pro-poor. However, the socioeconomic-related fairness in the ASR of neonatal disorder prevalence is being levelled.

CONCLUSIONS

The global burden of maternal and neonatal disorders has remained high, and socioeconomic-related inequality (pro-poor) tended not to change between 1990 and 2019.

Ferroptosis Induced by Pollutants: An Emerging Mechanism in Environmental Toxicology

Environmental pollutants have been recognized for their ability to induce various adverse outcomes in both the environment and human health, including inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Understanding these biological mechanisms has played a crucial role in risk assessment and management efforts. However, the recent identification of ferroptosis as a form of programmed cell death has emerged as a critical mechanism underlying pollutant-induced toxicity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that fine particulates, heavy metals, and organic substances can trigger ferroptosis, which is closely intertwined with lipid, iron, and amino acid metabolism. Given the growing evidence linking ferroptosis to severe diseases such as heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, it is imperative to investigate the role of pollutant-induced ferroptosis. In this review, we comprehensively analyze various pollutant-induced ferroptosis pathways and intricate signaling molecules and elucidate their integration into the driving and braking axes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential hazards associated with pollutant-induced ferroptosis in various organs and four representative animal models. Finally, we provide an outlook on future research directions and strategies aimed at preventing pollutant-induced ferroptosis. By enhancing our understanding of this novel form of cell death and developing effective preventive measures, we can mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollutants and safeguard human and environmental health.

Dietary Niacin Intake and Mortality Among Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Importance

Evidence regarding the effect of dietary niacin intake on the risk of mortality among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is scarce.

Objective

To examine the association of dietary niacin intake with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among individuals with NAFLD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2018). In total, 4315 adults aged 20 years or older with NAFLD were included, with NAFLD defined using the United States Fatty Liver Index.

Exposure

Dietary niacin intake levels.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Weighted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for all-cause and CVD mortality. Data were analyzed March 1 to September 1, 2023.

Results

This cohort study included data from 4315 participants in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 52.5 [16.2] years; 1670 participants ≥60 years [weighted, 30.9%]; 2351 men [weighted, 55.0%]). During a median (IQR) follow-up of 8.8 (4.6-11.8) years, 566 deaths were recorded, of which 197 were attributed to CVD. Compared with participants with a niacin intake of 18.4 mg or lower (the lowest tertile), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for participants with a niacin intake of 26.7 mg or higher (the highest tertile) were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.50-0.96) for all-cause mortality (P = .03 for trend) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.35-1.20) for CVD mortality (P = .16 for trend).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings from this cohort study suggest that higher dietary niacin intake may be associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with NAFLD. There was no evident inverse association between dietary niacin intake and the risk of CVD mortality.

[Effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions.

METHODS

Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis.

RESULTS

The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (rs = -0.750, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.

PD-1 deficiency aggravates spinal cord injury by regulating the reprogramming of NG2 glia and activating the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder and a leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Multiple studies have reported the upregulation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) following SCI. However, the underlying mechanism of PD-1 deficiency in SCI is not well established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of PD-1 in SCI pathogenesis. PD-1 Knockout (KO) SCI mouse model was established, and PD-1 expression was evaluated in tissue samples by western blot assay. We then used a series of function gain-and-loss assays to determine the role of PD-1 in SCI pathogenesis. Moreover, mechanistic assays were performed to explore the association between PD-1, neuron-glia antigen-2 (NG2) glia cells, and miR-23b-5p and then investigated the involved signaling pathway. Results illustrated that PD-1 deficiency enhanced the inflammatory response, neuron loss, and functional impairment induced by SCI. We found that NG2 glia depletion aggravated inflammation, reduced neural survival, and suppressed locomotor recovery in murine SCI model. Further analysis indicated that NG2+ cells were increased in the spinal cord of SCI mice, and PD-1 deficiency increased the number of NG2+ cells by activating the Nogo receptor/ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase (NgR/RhoA/ROCK) signaling. Mechanistically, miR-23b-5p was identified as the negative regulator of PD-1 in NG2 glia. MiR-23b-5p deficiency reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, enhanced neural survival, and promoted locomotor recovery in SCI mice, which was counteracted by PD-1 deficiency. In conclusion, PD-1 deficiency exacerbates SCI in vivo by regulating reprogramming of NG2 glia and activating the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signaling.

Toripalimab plus axitinib versus sunitinib as first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: RENOTORCH, a randomized, open-label, phase III study

BACKGROUND

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are standard treatments for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This phase III RENOTORCH study compared the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with intermediate-/poor-risk advanced RCC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with intermediate-/poor-risk unresectable or metastatic RCC were randomized in a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive toripalimab (240 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks) plus axitinib (5 mg orally twice daily) or sunitinib [50 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks (6-week cycle) or 2 weeks (3-week cycle)]. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC). The secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed PFS, overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety.

RESULTS

A total of 421 patients were randomized to receive toripalimab plus axitinib (n = 210) or sunitinib (n = 211). With a median follow-up of 14.6 months, toripalimab plus axitinib significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 35% compared with sunitinib as assessed by an IRC [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.86; P = 0.0028]. The median PFS was 18.0 months in the toripalimab-axitinib group, whereas it was 9.8 months in the sunitinib group. The IRC-assessed ORR was significantly higher in the toripalimab-axitinib group compared with the sunitinib group (56.7% versus 30.8%; P < 0.0001). An OS trend favoring toripalimab plus axitinib was also observed (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.92). Treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 61.5% of patients in the toripalimab-axitinib group and 58.6% of patients in the sunitinib group.

CONCLUSION

In patients with previously untreated intermediate-/poor-risk advanced RCC, toripalimab plus axitinib provided significantly longer PFS and higher ORR than sunitinib and had a manageable safety profile TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04394975.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tryptanthrin derivatives as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Two novel series of tryptanthrin (TRYP) derivatives were designed and synthesized as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition assay against cholinesterase (ChE) indicated that these derivatives can act as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with selectivity over butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Among them, n1 exhibited the most excellent ChE inhibitory potency (AChE, IC50 = 12.17 ± 1.50 nM; BuChE, IC50 = 6.29 ± 0.48 μΜ; selectivity index = 517). Molecular docking studies indicated that compound n1 can interact with amino acid residues in the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies demonstrated that the AChE-n1 complex had good stability. N1 also exhibited anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation (63.48 % ± 1.02 %, 100 μΜ) and anti-neuroinflammation activity (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50 = 2.13 ± 0.54 μΜ, 2.21 ± 0.37 μΜ, 2.47 ± 0.07 μΜ, respectively), and n1 had neuroprotective and metal-chelating properties. Further studies indicated n1 had proper blood-brain barrier permeability in the Parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. In vivo studies found that n1 effectively improved learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced AD mouse models. Nissl staining ofmice hippocampaltissue sections revealed that n1 restored neuronal cells in the hippocampus CA3 and CA1 regions. These findings suggested that n1 can be a promising compound for further development of multifunctional agents for AD treatment.

Effect of dry eye on the reliability of keratometry for cataract surgery planning

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dry eye on the reproducibility of keratometry (K) measurements in patients presenting for cataract surgery.

METHODS

A non-randomized controlled clinical study was performed. Eighty-three eyes of eighty-three patients with cataracts who were enrolled in our hospital from March 2020 to July 2020 were studied. The mean non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score, and ocular surface disease (OSD) SPEED II questionnaire were measured and recorded prior to surgery, and the patients were assigned to a "dry eye" group (n=35) or a "non-dry eye" group (n=48). The K of the patients was measured twice by a Tomey OA-2000 (an average of three times each). The difference of the mean K (ΔKm) and astigmatism vector (ΔKvector) between the two measurements was calculated. The ΔKm and ΔKvector between the two groups were compared. The relationship between the measurement parameters of dry eyes and the accuracy of the preoperative K values was analyzed.

RESULTS

ΔKm was 0.09 D [0.03; 0.19] in the non-dry eye control group and 0.28 D [0.18; 0.50] in the dry eye group, with a statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.005). The ΔKvector of the non-dry eye control group was 0.22 D [0.14; 0.42], and that of the dry eye group was 0.50 D [0.28; 1.06]. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.010). Between the two groups, the percentage of the ΔKm and ΔKvector values greater than 0.5 D were statistically different (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ΔKm between the groups with NIBUT>5s and NIBUT≤5s (P=0.537). There was no significant difference in ΔKm between groups≥2 and<2 on the OSD SPEED II questionnaire scores (P=0.442).

CONCLUSION

Dry eye can affect the reliability of keratometry measurements before cataract surgery, thereby affecting the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculations. In cataract surgery planning, it is necessary to detect subjective and objective indicators of dry eye in patients and carry out effective intervention so as to avoid refractive errors caused by inaccurate keratometry measurements.

HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM

Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.

[Functional outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with preservation of pelvic stabilized structure and early elevated retrograde liberation of neurovascular bundle]

Objectives: To examine the functional outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with preservation of pelvic floor stabilized structure and early elevated retrograde liberation of the neurovascular bundle (PEEL). Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Between June 1, 2022, and March 20, 2023, 27 cases of RARP with PEEL and 153 cases of RARP with preservation of pelvic floor stabilized structure (PPSS) were included in this study. All patients were males, aged (62.5±5.2) years (range: 50 to 73 years). There were 18 cases of ≤T2b stage and 9 cases of T2c stage. After 1∶1 propensity score matching, the postoperative functional outcomes of 27 cases of RARP with PEEL and 27 cases of RARP with PPSS were compared. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon and included patients were clinically staged as cT1-2N0M0 without preoperative urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction. In RARP with PEEL, the prostate was cut near the midline at the front when dissecting the neurovascular bundle, dissection was performed between the visceral layer of the pelvic fascia and the prostatic fascia, preserving the parietal layer and the visceral layer of the pelvic fascia, and the neurovascular bundle was retrogradely released from the apex. The cumulative probability curve was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test was used to compare the differences in functional outcomes between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare postoperative urinary continence and sexual function. Results: The recovery time of continence and potency was significantly longer in the PPSS group than in the PEEL group (all P<0.05). The continence rate of the PEEL group was significantly higher than that of the PPSS group (92.59% vs. 68.10%, P=0.026) at 3 months after surgery. The potency rate of the PEEL group was also significantly higher than that of the PPSS group (40.70% vs. 15.10%, P=0.037) at 3 months after surgery. In the univariate analysis, compared to the PPSS technique, the PEEL technique was associated with a shorter recovery time of continence (HR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.48, P=0.027) and a shorter recovery time of potency (HR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.03 to 4.13, P=0.042). In the multivariate analysis, the PEEL technique was an independent prognosis factor for postoperative recovery of continence (HR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.01 to 4.17, P=0.047) and potency (HR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.43 to 8.92, P=0.007). All the cases of the PPSS group and the PEEL group were performed successfully with negative surgical margins. Conclusion: Compared with PPSS, PEEL may be more conducive to the recovery of urinary continence and sexual function after RARP.

Panax notoginseng saponin R1 improves glucocorticoid-inhibited airway epithelium repair via glucocorticoid receptor β

BACKGROUND

Panax notoginseng saponin R1(PNS-R1), derived from Panax notoginseng roots, promotes wound repair, whereas glucocorticoids can inhibit the repair of airway epithelial damage in asthma.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated whether PNS-R1 counteracts the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on the repair of airway epithelial damage in asthma.

METHODS

In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized, challenged with house dust mites (HDM), and treated with dexamethasone, PNS-R1, and/or adenovirus GRβ-shRNA. Airway epithelium damage was examined using pathological sections of the trachea and bronchi, markers of airway inflammation, epithelial cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and expression of the E-cadherin protein. In vitro, we treated 16HBE cells with dexamethasone, PNS-R1, and/or GRβ-siRNA and detected cell proliferation and migration. The expression of GRβ and key components of MKP-1 and Erk1/2 were detected by western blotting.

RESULTS

In vivo, PNS-R1 reduced airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion; the combination of PNS-R1 and dexamethasone promoted airway epithelial integrity and reduced cell detachment. In vitro, PNS-R1 alleviated the inhibition of bronchial epithelial cell growth, migration, and proliferation by dexamethasone; PNS-R1 promoted GRβ expression, inhibited MKP-1 protein expression, and activated MAPK signaling, thereby promoting airway epithelial cell proliferation and repair.

CONCLUSIONS

Panax notoginseng saponin R1 alleviated the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the repair of airway epithelial damage in asthmatic mice, likely by promoting the proliferation of airway epithelial cells by stimulating GRβ expression and activating the MAPK pathway.

Discovery of novel deoxyvasicinone derivatives with benzenesulfonamide substituents as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease

A series of deoxyvasicinone derivatives with benzenesulfonamide substituents were designed and synthesized to find a multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug. The results of the biological activity evaluation indicated that most compounds demonstrated selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among them, g17 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.04 μM). Additionally, g17 exhibited promising properties as a metal chelator and inhibitor of amyloid β peptides self-aggregation (68.34 % ± 1.16 %). Research on oxidative stress has shown that g17 displays neuroprotective effects and effectively suppresses the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Besides, g17 demonstrated remarkable anti-neuroinflammatory effects by significantly reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2. In vivo studies showed that g17 significantly improved AD model mice's cognitive and memory abilities. Histological examination of mouse hippocampal tissue sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that g17 effectively mitigates neuronal damage. Considering the multifunctional properties of g17, it is regarded as a promising lead compound for treating AD.

Immune evasion in cell-based immunotherapy: unraveling challenges and novel strategies

Cell-based immunotherapies (CBIs), notably exemplified by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy, have emerged as groundbreaking approaches for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, akin to various other therapeutic modalities, tumor cells employ counterstrategies to manifest immune evasion, thereby circumventing the impact of CBIs. This phenomenon is facilitated by an intricately immunosuppression entrenched within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Principal mechanisms underpinning tumor immune evasion from CBIs encompass loss of antigens, downregulation of antigen presentation, activation of immune checkpoint pathways, initiation of anti-apoptotic cascades, and induction of immune dysfunction and exhaustion. In this review, we delve into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the capacity of tumor cells to resist CBIs and proffer prospective stratagems to navigate around these challenges.

CRISPR/Cas12a-Derived Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor Based on Au Nanoparticle-Attached CdS/UiO-66-NH2 Heterostructures for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A

The sensitive and accurate detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) is crucial for public health due to its high toxicity. Herein, using Au nanoparticle (NP)-attached CdS/UiO-66-NH2 heterostructures as photoactive materials, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was presented for the ultrasensitive assay of OTA based on a competitive displacement reaction triggering the trans-cleavage ability of CRISPR/Cas12a. In this sensing strategy, methylene blue-labeled single-stranded DNA (MB-ssDNA) was immobilized on the Au NPs/CdS/UiO-66-NH2 electrode to accelerate the separation of the photogenerated carrier, thus producing a significantly increased PEC response. In the presence of OTA, it specifically bound with the aptamer (Apt) and resulted in the release of the activation chain, triggering the trans-cleavage characteristics of CRISPR/Cas12a. MB-ssDNA was cut randomly on the electrode surface to convert the PEC signal from the "on" to the "off" state, thereby achieving a quantitative and accurate detection of OTA. The CRISPR/Cas12a-derived PEC aptasensor exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity, with a linear range from 100 to 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 38 fg/mL. Overall, the proposed aptasensor could provide a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of OTA in actual samples.

Diamond-Like Carbon: A Surface for Extreme, High-Wear Environments

In this study, we present an in-depth characterization of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film, using a range of techniques to understand the structure and chemistry of the film both in the interior and particularly at the DLC/air surface and DLC/liquid interface. The DLC film is found to be a combination of sp2 and sp3 carbon, with significant oxygen present at the surface. The oxygen seems to be present as OH groups, making the DLC somewhat hydrophilic. Quartz-Crystal Microbalance (QCM) isotherms and complementary neutron reflectivity data indicate significant adsorption of a model additive, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) surfactant, onto the DLC from water solutions and indicate the adsorbed film is a bilayer. This initial study of the structure and composition of a model surfactant is intended to give a clearer insight into how DLC and additives function as antiwear systems.

Bidirectional-Reinforced Carbon Fiber/Polyether-Ether-Ketone Composite Thin-Walled Pipes via Pultrusion-Winding for On-Orbit Additive Manufacturing

Benefitting from lightweight, high strength, long life, and green recyclability, continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFTPC) pipes have attracted extensive interest, especially in the on-orbit additive manufacturing of structural components. However, the preparation of CFTPC pipes remains challenging due to the on-orbit limited space and high processing temperature of thermoplastic resin. Here, we report an effective approach for high performance carbon fiber/polyether-ether-ketone (CF/PEEK) thin-walled pipes via bidirectional reinforcement using the pultrusion-winding technique. The continuous fabrication of thin-walled pipes can be achieved, but the limitation by the size of core mold is also broken. The compressive and shear performance of CF/PEEK pipes with different layer designs have been studied based on experiments and simulations. With the increase in axial prepreg tape layer, the resultant CF/PEEK pipes exhibit greatly improved axial compression strength. The finite element analysis indicates that the maximum axial stress is decreased due to the axial enhancement. The flexural strength is greatly proved with pultrusion-winding cycles. The simulation confirms that the circumferential strain is effectively reduced. The high performance of bidirectional reinforced CF/PEEK pipes and the facile controllability of this approach highlight their suitability for utilization in on-orbit manufacturing of large-scale structures.