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Cao Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Huai W, Bao X, Jin M, Jin Y, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Shan J. Construction of a postoperative infection outbreak investigation form: A tool for early detection and control measures. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:588-594. [PMID: 38142776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop an investigation form for postoperative infection outbreak (PIO), and to identify sources of the outbreak in the early stage. METHODS After an exhaustive literature review, we used the Delphi method to determine the indicators and relative risk scores of the assessment tools through 2 rounds of specialist consultation and overall consideration of the opinions and suggestions of 20 specialists. RESULTS A total of 203 studies of PIO were eligible for inclusion. The mean authority coefficient (Cr) was 0.87. Kendall's W coefficient of the specialist consultation was 0.704 after 2 rounds of consultation (P < .005), suggesting that the specialists had similar opinions. Based on 4 primary items and 19 secondary items of the source of PIO, and tripartite distribution characteristics of infected patients, we constructed the PIO investigation form. CONCLUSIONS The PIO investigation form can be used in the investigation of the early-stage cluster of cases, it's a prerequisite for taking effective control measures, avoiding PIO occurrence. However, the effect of the investigation form needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Cao
- Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huai
- Department of Emergency, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- Medical Information Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Medical Information Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Jin
- School of General Studies, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Yixi Jin
- Khoury College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Seattle, USA
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiao Shan
- Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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He W, Yu W, Huang Y, Liao S, Zhang G, Wang Q, Li R, Yang L, Yao R, Zhang Z, Zhong B, Liu Y, Wang Q. [Effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2024; 35:614-620. [PMID: 38413022 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions. METHODS Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (rs = -0.750, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - W Yu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y Huang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - S Liao
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - G Zhang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - R Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - L Yang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - R Yao
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - B Zhong
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Fernandes FD, Samoel GVA, Guerra RR, Bräunig P, Machado DWN, Cargnelutti JF, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF. Five years of the biggest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria, Brazil: a review. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:76. [PMID: 38156993 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In 2018, the first cases of people with clinical signs of acute febrile syndrome were reported, and in the same year, the largest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis ever described in the literature was reported. In this sense, the present work sought to describe the evolution of the outbreak cases in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, as well as the studies conducted and published during and after the outbreak in the municipality (the period between 2018 and 2023). In addition, the discussion of public policies and their modifications after the notification of this outbreak. As a result of this research, verifying the evolution of notified and confirmed cases, the possibility of detection and genotypic characterization of T. gondii and the possibility of co-infections and evaluation of the humoral response is possible. With regard to public policies, the importance of detecting the agent through the heel prick test and increasing the monitoring of water quality to prevent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
- Centro Universitario Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter), Av Manoel Elias, 2001 - Passo das Pedras, Porto Alegre, RS, 91240-261, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Vaz Aguirre Samoel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Rojas Guerra
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 13, Sala 1206, Bairro Camobi, CEP, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bräunig
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Willian Nascimento Machado
- Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (CAU-ULBRA), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, n°8001, Prédio 14, Bairro São José, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LABAC), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS , CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa (UFSM), Av Roraima, N° 1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Xue J, Xia S, Li Z, Wang X, Huang L, He R, Li S. [Intelligent identification of livestock, a source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, based on deep learning of unmanned aerial vehicle images]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2023; 35:121-127. [PMID: 37253560 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an intelligent recognition model based on deep learning algorithms of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, and to preliminarily explore the value of this model for remote identification, monitoring and management of cattle, a source of Schistosoma japonicum infection. METHODS Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested marshlands around the Poyang Lake area were selected as the study area. Image datasets of the study area were captured by aerial photography with UAV and subjected to augmentation. Cattle in the sample database were annotated with the annotation software VGG Image Annotator to create the morphological recognition labels for cattle. A model was created for intelligent recognition of livestock based on deep learning-based Mask R-convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The performance of the model for cattle recognition was evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and mean precision. RESULTS A total of 200 original UAV images were obtained, and 410 images were yielded following data augmentation. A total of 2 860 training samples of cattle recognition were labeled. The created deep learning-based Mask R-CNN model converged following 200 iterations, with an accuracy of 88.01%, precision of 92.33%, recall of 94.06%, F1 score of 93.19%, and mean precision of 92.27%, and the model was effective to detect and segment the morphological features of cattle. CONCLUSIONS The deep learning-based Mask R-CNN model is highly accurate for recognition of cattle based on UAV images, which is feasible for remote intelligent recognition, monitoring, and management of the source of S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control, China
| | - X Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - R He
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China
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Dietler S, Willms J, Brandi G, Wang S, Burkerth A, Keller E. Spontaneous empyema and brain abscess in an intensive care population: clinical presentation, microbiology, and factors associated with outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:651-658. [PMID: 35618853 PMCID: PMC10006247 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on critically ill patients with spontaneous empyema or brain abscess are limited. The aim was to evaluate clinical presentations, factors, and microbiological findings associated with the outcome in patients treated in a Neurocritical Care Unit. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed 45 out of 101 screened patients with spontaneous epidural or subdural empyema and/or brain abscess treated at a tertiary care center between January 2012 and December 2019. Patients with postoperative infections or spinal abscess were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, origin of infection, laboratory and microbiology findings, and treatment characteristics. The outcome was determined using the Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE). RESULTS Favorable outcome (GOSE 5-8) was achieved in 38 of 45 patients (84%). Four patients died (9%), three remained severely disabled (7%). Unfavorable outcome was associated with a decreased level of consciousness at admission (Glasgow coma scale < 9) (43% versus 3%; p = 0.009), need of vasopressors (71% versus 11%; p = 0.002), sepsis (43% versus 8%; p = 0.013), higher age (65.1 ± 15.7 versus 46.9 ± 17.5 years; p = 0.014), shorter time between symptoms onset and ICU admission (5 ± 2.4 days versus 11.6 ± 16.8 days; p = 0.013), and higher median C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels (206 mg/l, range 15-259 mg/l versus 17.5 mg/l, range 3.3-72.7 mg/l; p = 0.036). With antibiotics adapted according to culture sensitivities in the first 2 weeks, neuroimaging revealed a progression of empyema or abscess in 45% of the cases. CONCLUSION Favorable outcome can be achieved in a considerable proportion of an intensive care population with spontaneous empyema or brain abscess. Sepsis and more frequent need for vasopressors, associated with unfavorable outcome, indicate a fulminant course of a not only cerebral but systemic infection. Change of antibiotic therapy according to microbiological findings in the first 2 weeks should be exercised with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeth Dietler
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Willms
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Brandi
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Wang
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Burkerth
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Keller
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Dept. of Neurosurgery and Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Labadin J, Hong BH, Tiong WK, Gill BS, Perera D, Rigit ARH, Singh S, Tan CV, Ghazali SM, Jelip J, Mokhtar N, Rashid NBA, Bakar HBA, Lim JH, Taib NM, George A. Development and user testing study of MozzHub: a bipartite network-based dengue hotspot detector. Multimed Tools Appl 2022; 82:17415-17436. [PMID: 36404933 PMCID: PMC9649007 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-022-14120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dengue is controlled by fogging, and the prime location for the control measure is at the patient's residence. However, when Malaysia was hit by the first wave of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the government-imposed movement control order, dengue cases have decreased by more than 30% from the previous year. This implies that residential areas may not be the prime locations for dengue-infected mosquitoes. The existing early warning system was focused on temporal prediction wherein the lack of consideration for spatial component at the microlevel and human mobility were not considered. Thus, we developed MozzHub, which is a web-based application system based on the bipartite network-based dengue model that is focused on identifying the source of dengue infection at a small spatial level (400 m) by integrating human mobility and environmental predictors. The model was earlier developed and validated; therefore, this study presents the design and implementation of the MozzHub system and the results of a preliminary pilot test and user acceptance of MozzHub in six district health offices in Malaysia. It was found that the MozzHub system is well received by the sample of end-users as it was demonstrated as a useful (77.4%), easy-to-operate system (80.6%), and has achieved adequate client satisfaction for its use (74.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Labadin
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hao Hong
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Wei King Tiong
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - David Perera
- Institute for Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Sarbhan Singh
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cia Vei Tan
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang L, Gongsang Q, Pang H, Qin M, Wang Y, Li J, Frutos R, Gavotte L. Assessment of echinococcosis control in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:59. [PMID: 35619124 PMCID: PMC9137097 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China the highest prevalence of echinococcosis is in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). The government has issued documents and implemented comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on controlling the source of infection of echinococcosis. It was very important to understand the implementation and effect of infectious source control measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of measures to control infectious source (domestic and stray dogs) in TAR and to assess their effectiveness. METHODS We collected data on domestic dog registration and deworming and stray dog sheltering in 74 counties/districts in the TAR from 2017 to 2019. Fecal samples from domestic dogs were collected from randomly selected towns to determine Echinococcus infection in dogs using coproantigen ELISA. We analyzed the data to compare the canine rate of infection between 2016 and 2019. The data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical to compare dog infection rate in 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and ArcGIS was used for mapping. RESULTS From 2017 to 2019, 84 stray dog shelters were built in TAR, and accumulatively 446,660 stray or infected dogs were arrested, sheltered, or disposed of. The number of domestic dogs went downward, with an increased registration management rate of 78.4% (2017), 88.8% (2018), and 99.0% (2019). Dogs were dewormed 5 times in 2017, 12 times in 2018, and 12 times in 2019. The dog infection rate was 1.7% (252/14,584) in 2019, significantly lower than 7.3% (552/7564) from the survey of echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet in 2016 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Between 2017 and 2019, the number of stray dogs and infection rate of Echinococcus spp. in domestic dogs decreased significantly, indicating that dogs were effectively controlled as a source of infection in TAR and reflecting a significant decrease in the risk of echinococcosis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, 850000, China. .,Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France. .,Espace-Dev, UMR D-228, Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Quzhen Gongsang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Huasheng Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Min Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gavotte
- Espace-Dev, UMR D-228, Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
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Buttenschøn HN, Lynggaard V, Sandbøl SG, Glassou EN, Haagerup A. Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:423. [PMID: 35505306 PMCID: PMC9063242 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have performed comprehensive comparisons between hospitalized patients from different waves of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of patients admitted to the western part of Denmark during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in 2020. Furthermore, we aimed to identify risk factors for critical COVID-19 disease and to describe the available information on the sources of infection. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of medical records from 311 consecutive hospitalized patients, 157 patients from wave 1 and 154 patients from wave 2. The period from March 7 to June 30, 2020, was considered wave 1, and the period from July 1st to December 31, 2020, was considered wave 2. Data are presented as the total study population, as a comparison between waves 1 and 2, and as a comparison between patients with and without critical COVID-19 disease (nonsurvivors and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)). RESULTS Patients admitted during the first COVID-19 wave experienced a more severe course of disease than patients admitted during wave 2. Admissions to the ICU and fatal disease were significantly higher among patients admitted during wave 1 compared to wave 2. The percentage of patients infected at hospital decreased in wave 2 compared to wave 1, whereas more patients were infected at home during wave 2. We found no significant differences in sociodemographics, lifestyle information, or laboratory data in the comparison of patients from waves 1 and 2. However, age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, fever, and dyspnea were identified as risk factors for critical COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, we observed significantly increased levels of C-reactive protein and creatinine, and lower hemoglobin levels among patients with critical disease. CONCLUSIONS At admission, patients were more severely ill during wave 1 than during wave 2, and the outcomes were worse during wave 1. We confirmed previously identified risk factors for critical COVID-19 disease. In addition, we found that most COVID-19 infections were acquired at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Nørmølle Buttenschøn
- NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Vibeke Lynggaard
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Susanne Gundersborg Sandbøl
- NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark.,Department of Quality, NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Eva Natalia Glassou
- Department of Quality, NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Annette Haagerup
- NIDO
- Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 25, 7400, Herning, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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9
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Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Peña-Longobardo LM, Oliva-Moreno J. The employment situation of people living with HIV: a closer look at the effects of the 2008 economic crisis. Eur J Health Econ 2022; 23:485-497. [PMID: 34477995 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the determinants of employment probabilities among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) during a 15-year period (2001-2016) in Spain, focusing on the possible effects of occurrences such as the 2008 economic crisis. The probability of people living with HIV having a job was evaluated by applying several multivariate probit regression models. Differences between the employment status of people living with HIV and that of the general population were evaluated by applying genetic matching regression models. With respect to the former evaluation, for people living with HIV, the period before the crisis (2001-2007) was associated with a probability of being employed that was 2.43 percentage points (p.p.) higher than during the crisis, and the period after the crisis (2014-2016) with a probability that was 7.58 p.p. lower than during the crisis. Greater effects were also observed among males, the probability of being in employment before the economic crisis being higher (by 2.26 p.p.) and lower after the crisis (- 3.41 p.p.) than among women, and among those infected through drug use (6.18 p.p. and - 7.34 p.p. before and after the crisis, respectively), than among those infected through sex. When analysing the differences with respect to the general population, people living with HIV reported lower probabilities of being employed: by - 18 p.p. before the crisis, by - 15 p.p. during the crisis (years 2008-2013) and by - 10 p.p. after the crisis, implying a convergence in the prospects of employment with the passage of the years. Those differences were greater for people of basic educational level (- 23 to - 16 p.p.), a weaker immune system (- 34 p.p. to - 21 p.p.) and those infected through the use of drugs (- 31 p.p. to - 26 p.p.). Although the results suggest that the economic crisis had a greater effect on the employment prospects of people living with HIV, and that effect is still felt by that group, our findings also point towards a convergence of their employment prospects with those of the general population, over the 15-year period assessed. An analysis of the employment situation of people living with HIV might have helped when designing job-seeking methods and policies on the working environment, especially through the 15-year period considered, when the economic crisis had a greater effect on the job market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Communication and Humanities, University Camilo José Cela, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, Calle Castillo de Alarcón, 49Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luz María Peña-Longobardo
- Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Economic Analysis and Finances Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cobertizo San Pedro Mártir, S/N, 45002, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Oliva-Moreno
- Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Economic Analysis and Finances Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cobertizo San Pedro Mártir, S/N, 45002, Toledo, Spain
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10
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Peters-Sengers H, Butler JM, Uhel F, Schultz MJ, Bonten MJ, Cremer OL, Scicluna BP, van Vught LA, van der Poll T. Source-specific host response and outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:92-102. [PMID: 34902047 PMCID: PMC8667541 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-021-06574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited knowledge on how the source of infection impacts the host response to sepsis. We aimed to compare the host response in sepsis patients with a single, known source at admission (< 24 h) to the intensive care unit. METHODS From the molecular diagnosis and risk stratification of sepsis (MARS) prospective cohort, we measured 16 plasma host response biomarkers reflective of key host response pathways in 621 sepsis patients. In a subgroup (n = 335), blood leukocyte transcriptomes were compared between the sources. Differences in clinical patient profiles and survival were compared in the whole sepsis cohort (n = 2019). RESULTS The plasma biomarker cohort was categorized into sepsis originating from the respiratory tract (n = 334, 53.8%), abdomen (n = 159, 25.6%), urinary tract (n = 44, 7.1%), cardiovascular (n = 41, 6.6%), central nervous system (CNS) (n = 18, 2.9%), or skin (n = 25, 4%). This analysis revealed stronger inflammatory and cytokine responses, loss of vascular integrity and coagulation activation in abdominal sepsis relative to respiratory. Endothelial cell activation was prominent in urinary, cardiovascular and skin infections, while CNS infection was associated with the least host response aberrations. The leukocyte transcriptional response showed the largest overlap between abdominal and pulmonary infections (76% in common); notable differences between the sources were detected regarding hemostasis, cytokine signaling, innate and adaptive immune, and metabolic transcriptional pathways. After adjustment for confounders, the source of infection remained an independent contributor to 30-day mortality (unadjusted p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Sepsis heterogeneity is partly explained by source-specific host response dysregulations and should be considered when selecting patients for trials testing immune modulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessel Peters-Sengers
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joe M. Butler
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J. Schultz
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc J. Bonten
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf L. Cremer
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room T1.240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Du CH, Yang H, Yang MX, Zhang Y, Sun JY, Wang LF, Yan JQ, Shen MF, Dong Y. [Assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Nanjian County of Yunnan Province in 2019]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:531-533. [PMID: 33185069 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Nanjing County, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the development of the schistosomiasis control strategy and consolidation of the control achievements. METHODS On May 2019, the Deqiu Village in Deqiu Town and Baiyun Village in Nanjing Town of Yunnan Province, where schistosomiasis were historically relatively highly endemic, were selected to assess the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis by means of a retrospective review of the data pertaining to the historical endemic situation and schistosomiasis control, combined with a cross-sectional survey of snail and wild feces distribution. RESULTS During the period between 2017 and 2018, the mean sero-prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were 6.76% (202/2 990) and 2.86% (142/4 971) in humans and 0 (0/1 160) and 10.65% (31/291) in bovines in Deqiu and Baiyun villages of Nanjian County, respectively; however, no egg-positives were identified; in addition, there were 21.06 hm2 snail habitats found, but no S. japonicum infections were detected in snails. In 2019, there was 6.17 hm2 snail habitats detected, with 2.17% (245/11 298) occurrence of frames with snails and a 0.06 snails/0.1 m2 density of living snails; however, no positives for nucleic acid detection were seen in snails; among the 136 wild fecal samples captures from 23 settings, no S. japonicum infections were identified. CONCLUSIONS The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains at a low level in Nanjian County; however, the factors affecting the transmission of schistosomiasis have not been completed eliminated. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with an emphasis on the control of the source of S. japonicum infections requires to be reinforced to consolidate the control achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Du
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - H Yang
- Dali Institute of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, China
| | - M X Yang
- Nanjian County Station of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - J Y Sun
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - L F Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - J Q Yan
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - M F Shen
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Y Dong
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
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12
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Shen XH, Li YF, Wang L, Yang WH. [Investigation on Schistosoma japonicum infection in goats in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2019]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:393-396. [PMID: 32935515 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and changing patterns of Schistosoma japonicum infections in goats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the scientific data for the management of in livestock. METHODS The S. japonicum infections were detected using a miracidial hatching test (one test for one stool specimen) in goats grazed in settings with snail habitats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City at spring and autumn of each year from 2004 to 2019, and the prevalence and intensity of S. japonicum infections were estimated. RESULTS A total of 21 836 goat stool samples were detected from 2004 to 2019, and 86 were positive for S. japonicum (0.39% prevalence). The highest prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats was seen in 2004 (1.25%) and no infections were detected in goats since 2013. S. japonicum-infected goats were identified in marshland-type endemic areas and plain regions with waterway networks, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats between these two types of endemic areas (0.50% vs. 0.15%; χ2 = 11.566, P < 0.05). The prevalence of S. japonicum infections was significantly greater in goats at ages of more than 10 months (0.51%) and over 10 months (0.44%) than in other goats (χ2 = 13.088, P < 0.05), and higher prevalence was found in autumn than in spring (0.54% vs. 0.27%; χ2 = 9.597, P < 0.05). In addition, there were 76.74% of S. japonicum-infected goats with intensity of"+++"and"++++". CONCLUSIONS Although the high prevalence of S. japonicum infections has been effectively controlled in goats in Dantu District, goat remains to be an important source of S. japonicum infections that should be given a high priority for control to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Shen
- Dantu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Y F Li
- Dantu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - L Wang
- Zhenjiang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - W H Yang
- Dantu District Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
COVID-19 is rapidly spreading. Patients in incubation period and healthy carriers are possible sources for transmission. However, such sources of infection cannot be effectively identified due to the symptoms absent. The research evidence is very lacking so far, although there are a few studies suggesting that presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier may cause COVID-19 transmission. Nearly half of the literature is in the state of preprint without peer review. The question of "the degree to which presymptomatic or asymptomatic infections can transmit" is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to screen infected carriers in larger close contacts or in the general population, and assess their risk for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L M Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Tian-Ping W. [Thinking on the control strategy at schistosomiasis elimination stage in China]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:358-361. [PMID: 31612668 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis control strategy in China at various stages after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and analyzes the roles and main problems of the schistosomiasis control strategy at different stages. At the end stage of schistosomiasis elimination, the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control should be continued to be sustained and the problems regarding the implementation of this integrated strategy are analyzed. In addition, the countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian-Ping
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
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15
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Yun Z, Chun-Hong D, Zong-Ti S, Ming-Shou W, Xi-Guang F, Meng-Tao X, Mei-Fen S, Peng H, Jing S, Yi D. [Effectiveness of infectious source control after transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:275-279. [PMID: 31544406 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of infectious source control at various stages of transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the further monitoring and management of infectious sources of schistosomiasis. METHODS Wenbi Village, a plateau subtype region and Qiandian Village, a mountain subtype region in Eryuan County were selected as the study areas. The species, schistosome infection and transmission capability of infectious sources were investigated in Wenbi and Qiandian villages in 2011 and 2018 and were compared. RESULTS Schistosome infections were detected in human, bovine, horse, dog and mouse in Qiandian Village in 2011, with positive rates of 1.19%, 0.91%, 1.25%, 3.13% and 0.95%, respectively, and human, bovine and dog were found to have schistosome infections, with positive rates of 0.76%, 1.66% and 9.30%, respectively. However, no infections were identified in human, bovine, horse, pig, dog, sheep or mouse in these two villages in 2018. A total of 731 wild feces were collected in both villages in 2011. In Qiandian Village, horse, bovine and dog feces accounted for 34.40%, 29.80% and 20.20% of all fecal samples, and dog and horse feces were found to have schistosome infections (11.94% and 6.90% positive rates, respectively). In Wenbi Village, dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 44.59%, 39.83% and 14.29% of all fecal samples, and dog, human and bovine feces were found to have schistosome infections (16.95%, 9.52% and 2.33% positive rates, respectively). In 2018, a total of 204 wild feces were collected in both villages, and no schistosome infections were identified. Sheep, dog and bovine feces accounted for 36.27%, 33.33% and 27.45% of all fecal samples in Qiandian Village, and dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 72.55%, 11.76% and 10.78% of all fecal samples in Wenbi Village. CONCLUSIONS A remarkable achievement has been obtained in the control of infectious sources of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County, and the role of human and bovine as the major infectious sources of schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious sources should be intensified, and the management of reservoir hosts including dog and mouse should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yun
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Du Chun-Hong
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Shao Zong-Ti
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Wu Ming-Shou
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Feng Xi-Guang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xiong Meng-Tao
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Shen Mei-Fen
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Huang Peng
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Song Jing
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
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16
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Cai-Ying S, Xue-Hui L, Yan-Jun J, Xi-Hong L, Xiao-Qin G, Sheng-Jun F, Yi-Ming T. [Surveillance of schistosomiasis 34 years after transmission interruption in Songjiang District, Shanghai City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:434-435. [PMID: 31612683 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the surveillance data after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the future prevention and control of schistosomiasis. METHODS The data pertaining to snail survey, surveillance of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock, and health education were collected and analyzed in Songjiang District after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018. RESULTS From 1985 to 2018, there were 8 townships, 68 villages and 1 462 settings with snails in Songjiang District, covering an area of 96.399 hm2. There were 4 townships and 59 villages with snails newly identified in previously schistosomiasis non-endemic areas, with emerging snail habitats of 60.161 hm2. A total of 26 148 snails were captured, and no infections were detected. The snail habitats were mainly distributed in the river course, ditches and farmlands, which accounted for 45.28%, 33.17% and 21.55% of total snail habitats, respectively. A total of 245 955 humans were subjected to the serological test, with a positive rate of 0.03%, and 37 humans were subjected to the parasitological test, with 3 positives detected. These three egg-positives were all imported chronic cases with schistosomiasis. A total of 9 109 livestock were detected using the serological test, and no infection was found. Most of the awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the rate of correct behavior formation were over 80% in residents and students. CONCLUSIONS The achievements of schistosomiasis control are consolidated in Songjiang District; however, there are still risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission, including residual snails, snail diffusion and importation of external source of infection. The future surveillance of schistosomiasis should focus on snails and sources of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Cai-Ying
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lu Xue-Hui
- Songjiang District Health Commission, Shanghai City, China
| | - Jin Yan-Jun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Lü Xi-Hong
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guo Xiao-Qin
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fei Sheng-Jun
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tang Yi-Ming
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, Shanghai 201620, China
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Abstract
This paper describes the damages caused by animal schistosomiasis and the role of animals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in China and reviews the progress of animal schistosomiasis control and the endemic status of animal schistosomiasis at various stages. Although the endemic situation of animal schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled, there are still multiple factors that affect the transmission of schistosomiasis, and there are still risks leading to reemergence or rebounding of schistosomiasis in local areas. Strengthening of schistosomiasis surveillance as well as the prevention and control effects in key areas, consolidation of schistosomiasis control achievements, resolving of key technical problems in the elimination of animal schistosomiasis and development of precise technical measures and strategies are needed to accelerate the progress towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao-Jiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Minis-try of Agriculture; National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai 200241, China
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18
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Harrak S, Doghmi N, Fellat B, Zarzur J, Cherti M. [Infective endocarditis in Morocco through the experience of a hospital department]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2019; 68:87-93. [PMID: 30683481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a grave disease because of a high level of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 patients hospitalized for infective endocarditis from January 2009 until December 2015. The mean age was 41 years with a male predominance. Infective endocarditis occurs on a native valve (77 patients), prosthetic valves (12 patients), Pacemaker (7 patients) and congenital heart disease (4 patients). The diagnostic delay was 77 days on average. The fever was present in 85 patients. Blood cultures were negative in 54 patients. Echocardiography allowed visualizing the vegetations in 95 patients. In patients with prosthetics valves, a paraprosthetic regurgitation was diagnosed in 54 % of these patients and vegetation in 18 %. The main complications are heart failure (42), neurological (19), spleen (10) and renal (23) complications. The evolution under medical treatment was marked by the clinical-laboratory improvement in 57 patients, the lack of improvement with persistent fever in 21 patients. The mortality rate of our series is 23 %. Only seven patients underwent urgent surgery for hemodynamic and infectious indications. At the end of this work, it is emphasized that the epidemiological profile of infective endocarditis does not follow the changes of Wold. Its management is difficult in our context (significant diagnostic delay, often negative blood cultures, high level of morbidity, lack of recourse to early surgery). The improvement of this disease consistes of the prevention of acute articular rhumatism and the establishment of an heart team endocarditis to adapt international recommendations to our context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harrak
- Service de cardiologie B, centre hosipitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.
| | - N Doghmi
- Service de cardiologie B, centre hosipitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - B Fellat
- Service de cardiologie B, centre hosipitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - J Zarzur
- Service de cardiologie B, centre hosipitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - M Cherti
- Service de cardiologie B, centre hosipitalier universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
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Liu Y, Zhong B, Wu ZS, Liang S, Qiu DC, Ma X. Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy: a longitudinal case study in Sichuan, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:79. [PMID: 28385163 PMCID: PMC5383976 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China. Since 2004, an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China. However, the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now. This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014. Methods The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines, improved sanitation, access to clean water, construction of public toilets and household latrines, snail control, chemotherapy, and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014, and S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy. Results During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014, a total of 536 568 machines were used to replace bovines, and 3 284 333 household lavatories and 15 523 public latrines were built. Tap water was supplied to 19 116 344 residents living in the endemic villages. A total of 230 098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment, and 357 233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements. There were 7 268 138 humans and 840 845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy. During the 10-year study period, information, education and communication (IEC) materials were provided to village officers, teachers and schoolchildren. The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and snails. Since 2007, no acute infection was detected, and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012. In addition, the snail habitats reduced by 62.39% in 2014 as compared to that in 2005, and no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007. By 2014, 88.9% of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008. Conclusion The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Health Education, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Song Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dong-Chuan Qiu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Health Education, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Sun LP, Wang W, Hong QB, Li SZ, Liang YS, Yang HT, Zhou XN. Approaches being used in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China: a review. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:55. [PMID: 28292327 PMCID: PMC5351197 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in China, although great success has been achieved. The control efforts during the past half-decade, notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S. japonicum infection across the country since 2004, has greatly reduced S. japonicum in humans, livestock, and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails, and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015. A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015, with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country. During the last two decades, a variety of approaches, which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed, in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite. These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities, and facilitated, at least in part, the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs. Here, we present an approach to control the source of S. japonicum infection, three new tools for snail control, three approaches for detecting and monitoring S. japonicum infection, and a novel model for health education. These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Fedele G, Carollo M, Palazzo R, Stefanelli P, Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Tozzi AE, Carsetti R, Villani A, Nicolai A, Midulla F, Ausiello CM. Parents as source of pertussis transmission in hospitalized young infants. Infection 2016; 45:171-178. [PMID: 27614887 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to collect evidences of familial pertussis transmission to infants younger than 6 months of age. Understanding the dynamics of transmission of pertussis in families is essential to plan effective prevention strategies that could be integrated in pertussis control. METHODS The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT-IgG) and prolonged cough symptoms were evaluated in parents of 55 infants aged <6 months hospitalized for confirmed pertussis. Parents of 33 infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and parents of 57 healthy infants admitted as outpatients for hip ultrasound examination (HE) were enrolled as controls. RESULTS Parents of pertussis cases had PT-IgG levels significantly higher as compared to LRTI and HE parents. More than 40 % were compatible as transmitters of pertussis to their babies, since they had a level of PT-IgG ≥ 100 IU/ml, which is considered diagnostic for a recent pertussis episode. Based on serology, the percentage of pertussis cases that had at least one parent as source of infection was 49.1 %. When cough symptoms were taken into account, the percentage of parents putative transmitters of the infection to their infants increased to 56.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Parents are scarcely aware of the household transmission of pertussis to their newborns. Our study highlights the need to advise parents about the likelihood of transmission to the newborn and to be particularly aware of coughing symptoms in the household. Since infection can be asymptomatic, a serological survey of family members should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Carollo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gesualdo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Immunology Area, B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immune Diagnosis Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Nicolai
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Maria Ausiello
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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