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Wang L, Jiang W, Zhao S, Xie D, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Wu H, Luo J, Yang L. Sorafenib inhibits ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by blocking LOXL2-mediated vascularization. Bone Res 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38594260 PMCID: PMC11004159 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a degenerative hyperostosis disease characterized by the transformation of the soft and elastic vertebral ligament into bone, resulting in limited spinal mobility and nerve compression. Employing both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we elucidate the molecular characteristics, cellular components, and their evolution during the OPLL process at a single-cell resolution, and validate these findings in clinical samples. This study also uncovers the capability of ligament stem cells to exhibit endothelial cell-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Notably, our study identifies LOXL2 as a key regulator in this process. Through gain-and loss-of-function studies, we elucidate the role of LOXL2 in the endothelial-like differentiation of ligament cells. It acts via the HIF1A pathway, promoting the secretion of downstream VEGFA and PDGF-BB. This function is not related to the enzymatic activity of LOXL2. Furthermore, we identify sorafenib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of LOXL2-mediated vascular morphogenesis. By disrupting the coupling between vascularization and osteogenesis, sorafenib demonstrates significant inhibition of OPLL progression in both BMP-induced and enpp1 deficiency-induced animal models while having no discernible effect on normal bone mass. These findings underscore the potential of sorafenib as a therapeutic intervention for OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
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Kato H, Braddock DT, Ito N. Genetics of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ossification of the Spinal Ligaments. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:552-566. [PMID: 37530996 PMCID: PMC10543536 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to provide updated information on the genetic factors associated with the diagnoses 'Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis' (DISH), 'Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament' (OPLL), and in patients with spinal ligament ossification. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have advanced our knowledge of genetic factors associated with DISH, OPLL, and other spinal ossification (ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament [OALL] and the yellow ligament [OYL]). Several case studies of individuals afflicted with monogenic disorders, such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), demonstrate the strong association of fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemia with OPLL, suggesting that pathogenic variants in PHEX, ENPP1, and DMP1 are associated with FGF23-phosphate wasting phenotype and strong genetic factors placing patients at risk for OPLL. Moreover, emerging evidence demonstrates that heterozygous and compound heterozygous ENPP1 pathogenic variants inducing 'Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 2' (ARHR2) also place patients at risk for DISH and OPLL, possibly due to the loss of inhibitory plasma pyrophosphate (PPi) which suppresses ectopic calcification and enthesis mineralization. Our findings emphasize the importance of genetic and plasma biomarker screening in the clinical evaluation of DISH and OPLL patients, with plasma PPi constituting an important new biomarker for the identification of DISH and OPLL patients whose disease course may be responsive to ENPP1 enzyme therapy, now in clinical trials for rare calcification disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kato
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Osteoporosis Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuaki Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Osteoporosis Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Koike Y, Takahata M, Nakajima M, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Liu X, Endo T, Imagama S, Kobayashi K, Kaito T, Kato S, Kawaguchi Y, Kanayama M, Sakai H, Tsuji T, Miyamoto T, Inose H, Yoshii T, Kashii M, Nakashima H, Ando K, Taniguchi Y, Takeuchi K, Ito S, Tomizuka K, Hikino K, Iwasaki Y, Kamatani Y, Maeda S, Nakajima H, Mori K, Seichi A, Fujibayashi S, Kanchiku T, Watanabe K, Tanaka T, Kida K, Kobayashi S, Takahashi M, Yamada K, Takuwa H, Lu HF, Niida S, Ozaki K, Momozawa Y, Yamazaki M, Okawa A, Matsumoto M, Iwasaki N, Terao C, Ikegawa S. Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. eLife 2023; 12:e86514. [PMID: 37461309 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is an intractable disease leading to severe neurological deficits. Its etiology and pathogenesis are primarily unknown. The relationship between OPLL and comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high body mass index (BMI), has been the focus of attention; however, no trait has been proven to have a causal relationship. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 22,016 Japanese individuals and identified 14 significant loci, 8 of which were previously unreported. We then conducted a gene-based association analysis and a transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization approach and identified three candidate genes for each. Partitioning heritability enrichment analyses observed significant enrichment of the polygenic signals in the active enhancers of the connective/bone cell group, especially H3K27ac in chondrogenic differentiation cells, as well as the immune/hematopoietic cell group. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Achilles tendon cells from a mouse Achilles tendon ossification model confirmed the expression of genes in GWAS and post-GWAS analyses in mesenchymal and immune cells. Genetic correlations with 96 complex traits showed positive correlations with T2D and BMI and a negative correlation with cerebral aneurysm. Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated a significant causal effect of increased BMI and high bone mineral density on OPLL. We evaluated the clinical images in detail and classified OPLL into cervical, thoracic, and the other types. GWAS subanalyses identified subtype-specific signals. A polygenic risk score for BMI demonstrated that the effect of BMI was particularly strong in thoracic OPLL. Our study provides genetic insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of OPLL and is expected to serve as a basis for future treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Kanayama
- Department of Orthopedics, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kashii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Bone and Joint Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kanji Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Seichi
- Department of Orthopedics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fujibayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kanchiku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental General Hospital, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Kida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masahito Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takuwa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Core Facility Administration, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Nakajima M, Koido M, Guo L, Terao C, Ikegawa S. A novel CCDC91 isoform associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine works as a non-coding RNA to regulate osteogenic genes. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:638-647. [PMID: 36990086 PMCID: PMC10119134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a common intractable disease that causes spinal stenosis and myelopathy. We have previously conducted genome-wide association studies for OPLL and identified 14 significant loci, but their biological implications remain mostly unclear. Here, we examined the 12p11.22 locus and identified a variant in the 5' UTR of a novel isoform of CCDC91 that was associated with OPLL. Using machine learning prediction models, we determined that higher expression of the novel CCDC91 isoform was associated with the G allele of rs35098487. The risk allele of rs35098487 showed higher affinity in the binding of nuclear proteins and transcription activity. Knockdown and overexpression of the CCDC91 isoform in mesenchymal stem cells and MG-63 cells showed paralleled expression of osteogenic genes, including RUNX2, the master transcription factor of osteogenic differentiation. The CCDC91 isoform directly interacted with MIR890, which bound to RUNX2 and decreased RUNX2 expression. Our findings suggest that the CCDC91 isoform acts as a competitive endogenous RNA by sponging MIR890 to increase RUNX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Chen X, Wang S, Cui Z, Gu Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-497-5p inhibit RSPO2 and accelerate OPLL. Life Sci 2021; 279:119481. [PMID: 33857573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Muscle and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells presented high osteogenic potentials, which modulate osteoblast function through releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNAs. Herein, this study evaluated the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) delivering miR-497-5p in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). MAIN METHODS The expression level of miR-497-5p was validated in ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) tissues and BMSC-EVs. The uptake of BMSC-EVs by ligament fibroblasts was observed by immunofluorescence. miR-497-5p was overexpressed or downregulated to assess its role in osteogenic differentiation of ligament fibroblasts. Further, an OPLL rat model was established to substantiate the effect of BMSC-EVs enriched with miR-497-5p on OPLL. KEY FINDINGS Ossified PLL tissues presented with high miR-497-5p expression. PLL fibroblasts were identified to endocytose BMSC-EVs. BMSC-EVs could upregulate miR-497-5p and shuttle it to ligament fibroblasts to accelerate the osteogenic differentiation. miR-497-5p targeted and inversely regulated RSPO2. Then, RSPO2 overexpression activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and repressed the osteogenic differentiation of ligament fibroblasts. In vivo experiments further showed that miR-497-5p-containing BMSC-EVs enhanced OPLL through diminishing RSPO2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. SIGNIFICANCE BMSC-EVs could deliver miR-497-5p to ligament fibroblasts and modulate RSPO2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby accelerating OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, PR China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhan Cui
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang 212005, PR China
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Li P, Liu Z, Liu J, Xing W, Fu H, Zhu S. RUNX2 and IL-15RA Polymorphisms associated with OPLL in the Han and Mongolian population. J PAK MED ASSOC 2020; 70 [Special Issue]:98-104. [PMID: 33177736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find polymorphic loci associated with OPLL in Mongolian and Han population, the relationship of 9 polymorphic loci in Runx2 and IL-15RA with OPLL were identified in Mongolian and Han populations in Inner Mongolia. METHODS Gene polymorphism of two candidate genes Runx2 and IL-15RA were detected by sequencing in 99 OPLL patients of Han population and 98 patients of Mongolian people. Controls included 102 healthy Han people and 104 healthy Mongolian people. The result of sequencing of patients were compared with control subjects to screen loci with significant difference. RESULTS In Han population, results of genotyping showed rs1321075 and rs12333172 in Runx2 and rs2296139 in IL-15RA differed between patients and healthy people (P<0.05); Genotype of rs1321075 and rs16873379 and rs2296139 in IL-15RA have significant difference between patients and controls in Mongolian people (P<0.05); There was no significant difference found in genotype and frequency of other loci (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphism of rs1321075 and rs2296139 in Runx2 and IL-15RA may be responsible for OPLL in Mongolian and Han population patients. rs12333172 was related to OPLL in Han population and rs16873379 was responsible for OPLL in Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Spinal Surgery of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zongzheng Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Spinal Surgery of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Spinal Surgery of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Haiping Fu
- Spinal Surgery of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shufen Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Department of Critical Care Medicine, China
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Liu N, Zhang Z, Li L, Shen X, Sun B, Wang R, Zhong H, Shi Q, Wei L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Yuan W. MicroRNA-181 regulates the development of Ossification of Posterior longitudinal ligament via Epigenetic Modulation by targeting PBX1. Theranostics 2020; 10:7492-7509. [PMID: 32685001 PMCID: PMC7359103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) presents as the development of heterotopic ossification in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. The etiology of OPLL is genetically linked, as shown by its high prevalence in Asian populations. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease remains obscure. In this study, we explored the function and mechanism of OPLL-specific microRNAs. Methods: The expression levels of the ossification-related OPLL-specific miR-181 family were measured in normal or OPLL ligament tissues. The effect of miR-181a on the ossification of normal or pathogenic ligament cells was tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The candidate targets of miR-181 were screened using a dual luciferase reporter assay and functional analysis. The link between miR-181a and its target PBX1 was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by real-time PCR detection. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis as well as micro-CT scanning were used to evaluate the effects of miR-181 and its antagonist using both tip-toe-walking OPLL mice and in vivo bone formation assays. Results: Using bioinformatic analysis, we found that miR-181a-5p is predicted to play important roles in the development of OPLL. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly increased the expression of ossification-related genes, staining level of alizarin red and ALP activity, while the inhibition of miR-181a-5p by treatment with an antagomir had the opposite effects. Functional analysis identified PBX1 as a direct target of miR-181a-5p, and we determined that PBX1 was responsible for miR-181a-5p's osteogenic phenotype. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that miR-181a-5p controls ligament cell ossification by regulating PBX1-mediated modulation of histone methylation and acetylation levels in the promoter region of osteogenesis-related genes. Additionally, using an in vivo model, we confirmed that miR-181a-5p can substantially increase the bone formation ability of posterior ligament cells and cause increased osteophyte formation in the cervical spine of tip-toe-walking mice. Conclusions: Our data unveiled the mechanism by which the miR-181a-5p/PBX1 axis functions in the development of OPLL, and it revealed the therapeutic effects of the miR-181a-5p antagomir in preventing OPLL development both in vivo and in vitro. Our work is the first to demonstrate that microRNA perturbation could modulate the development of OPLL through epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Undergraduate Brigade, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 168th Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800th Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Baifeng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Huajian Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Qianghui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Leixin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800th Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, 415th Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
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Xu G, Liu C, Liang T, Qin Z, Yu CJ, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Chen J, Zhan X. Integrated miRNA-mRNA network revealing the key molecular characteristics of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20268. [PMID: 32481304 PMCID: PMC7249941 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) refers to an ectopic ossification disease originating from the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Pressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots can cause limb sensory and motor disorders, significantly reducing the patient's quality of life. At present, the pathogenesis of OPLL is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to integrate microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA biological information data to further analyze the important molecules in the pathogenesis of OPLL, so as to provide targets for future OPLL molecular therapy. METHODS miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of GSE69787 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed by edge R package. Funrich software was used to predict the target genes and transcription factors of de-miRNA. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were carried out based on CLUEGO plug-in in Cytoscape. Using data collected from a search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes online database, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. The hub gene selection and module analysis of PPI network were carried out by cytoHubba and molecular complex detection, plug-ins of Cytoscape software respectively. RESULTS A total of 346 genes, including 247 up-regulated genes and 99 down-regulated genes were selected as DEGs. SP1 was identified as an upstream transcription factor of de-miRNAs. Notably, gene ontology enrichment analysis shows that up- and down-regulated DEGs are mainly involved in BP, such as skeletal structure morphogenesis, skeletal system development, and animal organ morphogenesis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that only WNT signaling pathway was associated with osteogenic differentiation. Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 Wingless-Type MMTV Integration site family member 2 were identified as hub genes, miR-520d-3p, miR-4782-3p, miR-6766-3p, and miR-199b-5p were identified as key miRNAs. In addition, 2 important network modules were obtained from PPI network. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with OPLL, revealing the key molecular mechanism of OPLL and providing targets for future treatment or prevent its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Xu
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jie Yu
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Guangxi Medical University
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
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9
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Liao X, Tang D, Yang H, Chen Y, Chen D, Jia L, Yang L, Chen X. Long Non-coding RNA XIST May Influence Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Through Regulation of miR-17-5P/AHNAK/BMP2 Signaling Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:670-680. [PMID: 31511959 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of bone-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the occurrence of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Here, primary human ligament fibroblasts cells (LFCs) were isolated from 30 cases of OPLL and 30 normal cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (non-OPLL) tissues to perform the qPCR and Western blot assay. We found that the mRNA level of lncRNA XIST was significantly increased in OPLL LFCs compared to non-OPLL LFCs. By bioinformatics analysis, we found that lncRNA XIST has four binding sites for miR-17-5p and found that the mRNA level of miR-17-5p was also significantly decreased in OPLL LFCs compared to non-OPLL LFCs. Since AHNAK is the target gene of miR-17-5p, we further found that the expression of AHNAK was significantly reduced in non-OPLL LFCs after being transfected with miR-17-5p mimic. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expressions of BMP2 and Runx2 were significantly decreased. After being transfected with lncRNA XIST siRNA in the non-OPLL LFCs, the mRNA levels of lncRNA XIST, AHNAK, BMP2, and Runx2 were significantly decreased and the phosphorylated protein of Smad1/5/8 was reduced. After being cultured by mechanical vibration, the mRNA levels of lncRNA XIST, AHNAK, BMP2, Runx2, COL1, OC, OPN, and Phospho1 were significantly increased, but the mRNA expression of miR-17-5p was significantly decreased. The expression of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein was also significantly increased. Together, this study was the first to determine that XIST gene inhibition plays an important role in the occurrence of cervical OPLL, through the mechanism of regulation of miR-17-5P/AHNAK/BMP2 signaling pathway. Thus, XIST may be a potential target that could be modulated for the treatment of cervical OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haisong Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lianshun Jia
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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10
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Yuan X, Guo Y, Chen D, Luo Y, Chen D, Miao J, Chen Y. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 functions as miR-1 sponge to regulate Connexin 43-mediated ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Bone 2019; 127:305-314. [PMID: 31280017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is the major cause for several deteriorate bone and joint diseases. Its development is a highly organized dynamic process as modulated by various physiological and pathophysiological factors. Both long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) have been postulated to involve into almost all the biological conditions. Here, we applied high through-put transcriptome screening to unveil lncRNAs highly regulated under OPLL condition. siRNA assay in combination with western blot and quantitative PCR deciphered the lncRNA and miRNA functions in OPLL and their underlying mechanism. Here we identified an lncRNA, named Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) engaged into the development of OPLL by indirectly targeting Connexin 43 (Cx43) gene. As previously reported, Cx43 is one of the main proteins contributing to OPLL partially through enhancing inflammatory signaling. On top of that, we provided another regulatory layer that MALAT1 served as the upstream effector governing the transcription of Cx43 gene. Perturbation of MALAT1 significantly inhibited Cx43 expression, inflammation, and osteogenesis. Mechanistically, in silico analysis and experimental validation both confirmed that microRNA-1 (miR-1) was the mediator connecting MALAT1-Cx43 axis: overexpression of miR-1 diminished Cx43 expression and OPLL process; meanwhile, MALAT1 acted as miR-1 sponge to inhibit its suppressive transcription effect on downstream ossification related genes. Knock-down of MALAT1 released sequestered miR-1, which repressed Cx43 expression and associated OPLL. Likewise, induced OPLL caused by overexpression of MALAT1 can be ameliorated by enhanced miR-1 function, knock-down of Cx43 or inhibition of inflammation. More importantly, further validation using patient ligament samples from non-OPLL and OPLL individuals identified MALAT1-miR-1-Cx43 regulatory axis. Collectively, we found a novel mechanism through lncRNA-miRNA interaction that provides more insights into understanding the development of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Yongfei Guo
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Dechun Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Yibin Luo
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Jinhao Miao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, China.
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11
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Tsuru M, Ono A, Umeyama H, Takeuchi M, Nagata K. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of CXCL7 leads to posterior longitudinal ligament ossification. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196204. [PMID: 29782494 PMCID: PMC5962073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a spinal ligament, reduces the range of motion in limbs. No treatment is currently available for OPLL, which is why therapies are urgently needed. OPLL occurs in obesity, is more common in men, and has an onset after 40 years of age. The mechanisms underlying OPLL remain unclear. In this study, we performed a serum proteomic analysis in both OPLL patients and healthy subjects to identify factors potentially involved in the development of OPLL, and found reduced levels of a protein that might underlie the pathology of OPLL. We isolated the protein, determined its amino acid sequence, and identified it as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7). Based on these proteomics findings, we generated a CXCL7 knockout mouse model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying OPLL. CXCL7-null mice presented with a phenotype of OPLL, showing motor impairment, heterotopic ossification in the posterior ligament tissue, and osteoporosis in vertebrate tissue. To identify the mechanisms of CXCL7 deficiency in OPLL, we searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms and altered DNA exons, but no abnormalities were found. Although miR-340 levels were found to be high in an miRNA array, they were insufficient to reduce CXCL7 levels. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase1 (UCHL1) was found to be overexpressed in CXCL7-null mice and in the sera of patients with OPLL, and was correlated with OPLL severity. Post-translational modifications of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers, orchestrated by a cascade of specialized ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, are thought to control a wide range of cellular processes, and alterations in the ubiquitin–proteasome system have been associated with several degenerative disorders. In addition, the OPLL tissue of CXCL7-null mouse and its primary cells expressed the antibody to ubiquitin (linkage-specific K48). Our data clearly show decreased CXCL7 levels in patients with OPLL, and that OPLL developed in mice lacking CXCL7. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 expression was decreased in CXCL7-null mouse primary cells. Furthermore, K48 polyubiquitination was found in posterior longitudinal ligament ossified tissue and primary cells from CXCL7-null mice. We performed a phosphoproteomics analysis in CXCL7-deficient mice and identified increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (ME3K)15, ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) and protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, suggesting that ubiquitin-dependent degradation is involved in CXCL7 deficiency. Future studies in the CXCL7-null mouse model are, therefore, warranted to investigate the role of ubiquitination in the onset of OPLL. In conclusion, CXCL7 levels may be useful as a serum marker for the progression of OPLL. This study also suggests that increasing CXCL7 levels in patients can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki Memorial Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Tsuji T. [Genomic analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]. Clin Calcium 2016; 26:545-552. [PMID: 27013624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OPLL is considered as a multi-factorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. To identify genetic factors for OPLL, Genetic Study Group of Investigation Committee on Ossification of the Spinal Ligament performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 1,660 OPLL patients. The study group identified six susceptibility loci for OPLL:20p12.3(rs2423294:P= 1.10 × 10(-13)), 8q23.1(rs374810:P= 1.88 × 10(-13)),12p11.22(rs1979679:P= 4.34 × 10(-12)), 12p12.2(rs11045000:P= 2.95 × 10(-11)),8q23.3(rs13279799:P= 1.28 × 10(-10))and 6p21.1(rs927485:P= 9.40 × 10(-9)).A further functional study for the susceptibility loci should aid in clarification of etiology of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Japan
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13
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Li JM, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Liu BG, Lin X, Yang J, Zhao HC, Wang YJ, Song L. Uniaxial cyclic stretch promotes osteogenic differentiation and synthesis of BMP2 in the C3H10T1/2 cells with BMP2 gene variant of rs2273073 (T/G). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106598. [PMID: 25191703 PMCID: PMC4156358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine (OPLL) is characterized by the replacement of ligament tissues with ectopic bone formation, and this result is strongly affected by genetic and local factors. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs2273073 (T/G) and rs235768 (A/T) of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene which are associated with OPLL have been reported in our previous report. In this study, we confirmed the connection in 18 case samples analysis of BMP2 gene in OPLL patients; additionally, it was also shown from the OPLL patients with ligament tissues that enchondral ossification and expression of BMP2 were significantly higher compared with the non-OPLL patients by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we studied the effect of SNPs in cell model. The C3H10T1/2 cells with different BMP2 gene variants were constructed and then subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretch (0.5 Hz, 10% stretch). In the presence of mechanical stress, the expression of BMP2 protein in C3H10T1/2 cells transfected by BMP2 (rs2273073 (T/G)) and BMP2 (rs2273073 (T/G), rs235768 (A/T)) were significantly higher than the corresponding static groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that BMP2 gene variant of rs2273073 (T/G) could not only increase cell susceptibility to bone transformation similar to pre-OPLL change, but also increase the sensibility to mechanical stress which might play an important role during the progression of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-mou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- CoreLaboratory for Clinical Medical Research, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-ge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-cheng Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-jie Wang
- CoreLaboratory for Clinical Medical Research, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wei W, He HL, Chen CY, Zhao Y, Jiang HL, Liu WT, Du ZF, Chen XL, Shi SY, Zhang XN. Whole exome sequencing implicates PTCH1 and COL17A1 genes in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Chinese patients. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:1794-804. [PMID: 24668667 DOI: 10.4238/2014.march.17.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine is a complex multifactorial disease. Patients with OPLL commonly present with symptoms in their 40s or 50s. The genetic basis of OPLL remains poorly understood. Exome capture combined with massively parallel DNA sequencing has been proposed as an efficient strategy to search for disease-causing genes of both monogenic and multigenic disorders. To identify candidate pathogenic genes associated with OPLL, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on two unrelated southern Chinese OPLL patients. The entire DNA coding region of the candidate genes was amplified by PCR and Sanger sequenced. The common single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed by association studies. WES revealed p.T265S/PTCH1, p.P1232L/PTCH1, and p.T902S/COL17A1 mutants in the two female cases with mixed OPLL. These were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. p.P1232L/PTCH1, p.N1374D/COL17A1 and p.T902S/COL17A1 were subsequently identified in three males with continuous OPLL and one female with mixed OPLL. The association studies indicated that the SNPs rs805698 and rs4918079 in COL17A1 were significantly associated with OPLL. This study suggests that WES may be a practical approach to revealing significant genetic involvement in OPLL. Variants of the PTCH1 and COL17A1 genes may contribute to the development of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H-L He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - C-Y Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H L Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - W-T Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z F Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X-L Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Y Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X N Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Watanabe R, Miyamoto T. [Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament]. Clin Calcium 2014; 24:225-232. [PMID: 24473355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic disease of the spine associated with myelopathy which is occurred by an anterior compression to the spinal cord. OPLL was first reported by Key GA in 1838, and was previously considered specific to east Asian people, especially Japanese. However, now OPLL is recognized as a subtype of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperosteosis, which is detected in Europe and the United States. We discuss the etiology and natural history of OPLL in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
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16
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IKEGAWA S. Genomic study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2014; 90:405-412. [PMID: 25504229 PMCID: PMC4335137 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.90.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a common disease after the middle age. OPLL frequently causes serious neurological problems due to compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. OPLL occurs in patients with monogenic metabolic diseases including rickets/osteomalacia and hypoparathyroidism; however most of OPLL is idiopathic and is considered as a multi-factorial (polygenic) disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Genomic studies for the genetic factors of OPLL have been conducted, mainly in Japan, including linkage and association studies. This paper reviews the recent progress in the genomic study of OPLL and comments on its future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro IKEGAWA
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Tsuru M, Soejima T, Shiba N, Kimura K, Sato K, Toyama Y, Nagata K. Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein converts stem cells to ligament tissue and Zn(II) influences its nuclear expression. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2057-70. [PMID: 23442027 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to facilitate ligament tissue reconstruction by characterizing the mechanism of expression of ligament tissue. To accomplish this, we searched for proteins specific to the tissue and introduced them into mesenchymal stem cells. In the two-dimensional phosphorescent gel electrophoresis, the spots in common with the normal human ligament tissue were selected after removing the spots of the normal bone tissue from those of the ossified tissue in the spinal ligament. Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) was identified in ligament-specific locations by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Transfection of PRELP into mouse mesenchymal stem cells yielded ligament-like connective tissue comprised of parallel fibers. Thus, expression of the PRELP protein could reconstruct the ligament tissue. Since zinc-related proteins were found with high incidence as a result of an array analysis of PRELP's ProtoArray, it was considered that there is a relationship to the zinc metabolism. Tissue induction was mediated by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via the zinc pathway. PRELP may be a useful gene in syndesmoplasty, provided zinc is present for tissue reconstruction. Chromosome division becomes active with the addition of zinc, and rapid tissue induction takes place in the presence of zinc and TNF-α. Currently, the reconstruction of a ruptured ligament tissue is difficult, but we expect that the PRELP protein expression may facilitate this process. This study describes the discovery of the gene responsible for the differentiation of stem cells into ligament tissue. This important finding may lead to treatments for gonarthrosis, cruciate ligament, and periodontal ligament ruptures, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
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Karasugi T, Nakajima M, Ikari K, Tsuji T, Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Uchida K, Kawaguchi Y, Mizuta H, Ogata N, Iwasaki M, Maeda S, Numasawa T, Abumi K, Kato T, Ozawa H, Taguchi T, Kaito T, Neo M, Yamazaki M, Tadokoro N, Yoshida M, Nakahara S, Endo K, Imagama S, Demura S, Sato K, Seichi A, Ichimura S, Watanabe M, Watanabe K, Nakamura Y, Mori K, Baba H, Toyama Y, Ikegawa S. A genome-wide sib-pair linkage analysis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:136-43. [PMID: 23138351 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a common musculoskeletal disease among people after middle age. The OPLL presents with serious neurological abnormalities due to compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The OPLL is caused by genetic and environment factors; however, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain to be elucidated. To determine the susceptibility loci for OPLL, we performed a genome-wide linkage study using 214 affected sib-pairs of Japanese. In stratification analyses for definite cervical OPLL, we found loci with suggestive linkage on 1p21, 2p22-2p24, 7q22, 16q24 and 20p12. Fine mapping using additional markers detected the highest non-parametric linkage score (3.43, P = 0.00027) at D20S894 on chromosome 20p12 in a subgroup that had no complication of diabetes mellitus. Our result would shed a new light on genetic aspects of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Karasugi
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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Fang Z, Sun T, Yadav SK. [Research progress of bone morphogenetic protein and liability of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012; 26:1255-1258. [PMID: 23167115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the research progress of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the liability of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS Recent literature concerning BMP and the liability of OPLL was reviewed, analysed, and summarized. RESULTS The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BMP gene may produce a minor cumulative effect and increase individual susceptibility to OPLL. A variety of environmental factors can promote the occurrence and development of OPLL by increasing the expression of BMP gene. CONCLUSION The SNPs of BMP gene may increase individual susceptibility to OPLL. However, interaction of cumulative effect of the SNPs and environmental factors can promote the liability to OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, PR China
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Ren Y, Liu ZZ, Feng J, Wan H, Li JH, Wang H, Lin X. Association of a BMP9 haplotype with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40587. [PMID: 22829878 PMCID: PMC3400650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct or ex vivo BMP9 adenoviral gene therapy can induce massive bone formation at the injection sites and clearly promote spinal fusion. A comprehensive analysis of the osteogenic activity indicated that BMP9 was one of the most potent inducers of osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo among 14 types of human BMPs. However, genetic variations and whether they correlated with OPLL were not considered. We have sequenced the complete BMP9 gene in 450 patients with OPLL and in 550 matched controls. Analyses were performed on single markers and haplotypes. Single marker tests identified 6 SNPs, among which the minor alleles of rs7923671 (T>C; P = 0.0026; OR: 1.33, CI: 1.10–1.60), rs75024165 (C>T, Thr304Met; P<0.001; OR: 1.76, CI: 1.47–2.12) and rs34379100 (A>C; P<0.001; OR: 1.52, CI: 1.27–1.82) were associated with OPLL. Logistic regression analysis showed that the additive model of rs75024165 (TT vs. CT vs. CC; P<0.001; OR: 1.74) and rs34379100 (CC vs. AC vs. AA; P = 0.003; OR: 1.95) retained statistical significance when adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis identified one 3 kb block of intense LD in BMP9 and one specific haplotype, CTCA (P<0.001; OR: 2.37), that contained the OPLL-associated risk alleles and was a risk factor for OPLL. This haplotype is associated with increased severity of OPLL, as shown by the distribution of ossified vertebrae in patients with OPLL (P = 0.001). In summary, in the Chinese population studied, SNPs in the BMP9 gene appear to contribute to the risk of OPLL in association with certain clinical and demographic characteristics. The severity of OPLL seems to be mediated predominantly by genetic variations in a 3kb BMP9 locus with the specific haplotype CTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-zhong Liu
- Department of Clinic Laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Department of Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-hua Li
- Department of Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chongwen District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Ikegawa S. [Animal models for bone and joint disease. ttw (tiptoe walking), a model mouse of OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine)]. Clin Calcium 2011; 21:294-300. [PMID: 21289427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ttw (tiptoe walking), a known model mouse of OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine) is reviewed. ttw is a natural mutant which shows generalized ectopic calcification followed by ossification in the Achiles tendon, ear and spinal ligaments, etc. The trait is caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the gene for NPPS (nucleotide pyrophosphatase) , a cell-membrane enzyme that produces pyrophosphate. Its pathomechanism is the decrease of extracellular pyrophosphate due to insufficiency of NPPS. ttw is a excellent model for ectopic calcification and ossification. Several interesting genes related to ectopic calicification have been identified by studies using this mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN
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Yan L, Zhao WG, Li JJ, Yang H, Wang H, Lin X. Linkage of three polymorphisms on chromosome 20p12 to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of spine and its severity in Han Chinese patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:2341-2346. [PMID: 21034546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is characterized by the replacement of ligamentous tissue with new ectopic bone formation, and has a strong genetic background. Because of the abnormal bone metabolic features and the strong genetic component, osteoporosis is a related disorder with OPLL. Three polymorphisms on chromosome 20p12 were identified associated with the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. The rs996544 (C/T) "TT" and rs965291 (G/A) "AA" genotypes conferred higher risks for vertebral and hip fractures. The osteoporosis haplotype is defined by two polymorphisms, rs1116867 (A) and D35548 (T). However, it remains unknown whether these three polymorphisms predispose to an increased frequency and severity of OPLL in Han Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 420 OPLL patients and 506 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs996544 (C/T), rs965291 (G/A) and rs1116867 (A/G), were analyzed by direct sequencing. Associations between these SNPs with the occurrence and extent of OPLL were statistically evaluated. RESULTS There was no significant association between the rs996544 (C/T) polymorphism and the prevalence of OPLL. The rs1116867 (A/G) polymorphism "AG" genotype was associated with the occurrence of OPLL. The rs1116867 (A/G) polymorphism "G" allele was associated with the occurrence of OPLL, but not with the extent of OPLL. The rs965291 (G/A) polymorphism in female patients was statistically different between cases and controls (P < 0.05). The rs965291 (G/A) polymorphism "A" allele was associated with the occurrence of OPLL in female patients. For the rs965291 (G/A) polymorphism, patients with the "A" allele (genotype, "AG" or "AA") showed a significantly greater number of ossified cervical vertebrae than those without the "A" allele (genotype, "GG", P < 0.05), particularly in female patients. CONCLUSIONS The rs1116867 (A/G) and rs965291 (G/A) polymorphisms on chromosome 20p12 are associated with the occurrence and the extent of OPLL, at least in Han Chinese subjects. Our data should advance our understanding of the molecular etiology of OPLL and may guide approaches to prevent the onset of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Meng XL, Wang H, Yang H, Hai Y, Tian BP, Lin X. T allele at site 6007 of bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene increases genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in male Chinese Han population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:2537-2542. [PMID: 21034624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several candidate genes of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) susceptibility have been identified, but their polymorphisms account for only a small percent of the total variance. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) is a potent ectopic ossification inducing factor. BMP4 protein and mRNA are present in cells from OPLL patients, but not non-OPLL controls. A single nucleotide polymorphism of 6007C>T(rs17563) of BMP4 has been reported to affect bone density in postmenopausal women. Thus, BMP4 may function in OPLL development. Appropriately, the relationship between BMP4 polymorphisms and OPLL was investigated. METHODS A case-control association study investigated the genetic etiology in 179 OPLL patients and 298 non-OPLL controls. Extent of OPLL was analyzed by radiologic examinations. Whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of -5826G>A(rs1957860) 5' of the transcription start site and 6007C>T(rs17563) in exon 4 of the BMP4 gene were statistically associated with genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Chinese Han subjects was assessed. RESULTS A significant statistical difference in genotype of 6007C>T polymorphism between male OPLL patients and male controls was evident, and the frequency of "TT" genotype in male OPLL patients was significantly higher than in male controls (P = 0.039). The frequency of the "T" allele was also significantly higher in male OPLL subjects than in male controls (P = 0.014, OR = 1.57). A significant difference was also observed between the 6007C>T polymorphism and the number of ossified cervical vertebrae in OPLL patients, while no statistical difference was apparent between the -5826G>A polymorphism and OPLL occurrence. CONCLUSIONS The T allele in the 6007C>T polymorphism may be a risk factor for male Han Chinese with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine. Chinese Han male patients with CT and TT 6007C>T genotypes have a genetic susceptibility to OPLL and more extensive OPLL in the cervical spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-long Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ikegawa S. [Updates on ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Genetic approach to the susceptibility genes for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) and for its molecular pathogenesis]. Clin Calcium 2009; 19:1457-1461. [PMID: 19794254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a polygenic disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. The genetic factor is composed by multiple susceptibility genes. Studies for the OPLL susceptibility genes mainly using linkage and association analyses are in progress mainly in Japan, and several genes have been reported. This paper reviewed the recent progress of the OPLL genetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN
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Wang H, Yang ZH, Liu DM, Wang L, Meng XL, Tian BP. Association between two polymorphisms of the bone morpho-genetic protein-2 gene with genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and its severity. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:1806-1810. [PMID: 19080362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has a strong genetic background. Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP2 mRNA are expressed in ossifying matrix and chondrocytes adjacent to cartilaginous areas of OPLL tissues and mesenchymal cells with fibroblastic features in the immediate vicinity of the cartilaginous areas. It is suggested that BMP2 plays different roles in the different stages of development of OPLL. However, it remains unknown which factors induce ligament cells to produce BMP2. METHODS OPLL patients (n = 192) and non-OPLL controls (n = 304) were studied. Radiographs of the cervical spine were analyzed for extent of OPLL. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G in the BMP2 gene are statistically associated with genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Chinese Han subjects. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the occurrence of exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G and the occurrence of OPLL in the cervical spine. However, there was a significant association between occurrence of exon 3 (-726) T/C polymorphism and occurrence of OPLL in males of cases and controls in the cervical spine. In addition, no significant association was found between the exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G with number of ossified cervical vertebrae in OPLL patients. CONCLUSIONS Exon 3 (-583) A/G polymorphism in BMP2 gene is not associated with the occurrence and the extent of OPLL in the cervical spine. Chinese Han male patients with TC and CC genotypes in exon 3 (-726) T/C have genetic susceptibility to OPLL but not to more extensive OPLL in the cervical spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kim TH, Kim TJ, Lee HS, Uhm WS, Shin ES, Na YI, Jun JB. Single nucleotide polymorphism of COL6A1 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2008; 35:1849-1852. [PMID: 18634150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of collagen 6A1 gene (COL6A1), the candidate gene for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. METHODS One-hundred thirty Korean patients with AS (M: 116, F: 14, age: 29.0 +/- 4.6) and 130 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were recruited. The SNP of G365G, IVS15+39 C/T, IVS21+18 A/C by Snap shot assay and the SNP of IVS32-29T/C, IVS33+15G/A, IVS33+20A/G, and IVS33+55A/G by direct sequencing were genotyped and analyzed. Bonferroni correction was applied to multiple comparisons. RESULTS The observed allelic frequencies for these SNP met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all AS and controls. We also found an additional 2 SNP (R783Q and IVS33+88C/T) during direct sequencing. Therefore, a total of 9 SNP were analyzed in this study. There were no significant associations of allelic and genotype variations between AS and controls. The presence of uveitis was marginally associated with a haplotype (CC in G365G + IVS15+39 C/T). The variation of allele or haplotype of COL6A1 is not significantly associated with "more ossified disease." CONCLUSION Because the genetic variations of COL6A1 could not be correlated with the occurrence of AS in Koreans, we conclude that despite common clinical features, AS and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament are not genetically related, and the hyperostotic condition seen in the 2 diseases might be regulated differently. Further SNP of COL6A1 were not related to radiographic progression of AS. However, we found that the occurrence of uveitis might be related to the genetic variations of COL6A1 in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tsuchiya A, Shinomiya K. [Bone disease with pain. The pain caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine]. Clin Calcium 2008; 18:382-386. [PMID: 18310827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine is a hyperostotic condition of spine. The spinal cord is compressed by OPLL in the spinal canal. As a result, the myelopathy is caused. The pain is a symptom which is invited by OPLL. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usually cure the pain ; in addition antidepressant and anticonvulsant are effective. The operation is performed for decompression of the spinal cord. Laminoplasty is ordinarily indicated, however, anterior decompression should be chosen for the patient with kyphotic alignment of cervical spine and with highly canal narrowing ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tsuchiya
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate school, Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery
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Inamasu J, Guiot BH, Sachs DC. Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: An Update on Its Biology, Epidemiology, and Natural History. Neurosurgery 2006; 58:1027-39; discussion 1027-39. [PMID: 16723881 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000215867.87770.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS HAS been achieved in basic research during the past decade on the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a multifactorial disease in which complex genetic and environmental factors interact. A review of the literature was conducted to update recent findings on the biology, epidemiology, natural history, and related diseases of OPLL. Gene analysis studies found specific polymorphisms that may be associated with OPLL in several collagen genes, which encode for extracellular matrix proteins. Polymorphisms in the nucleotide pyrophosphate gene, which is involved in regulation of calcification in chondrocytes, may also be associated with OPLL. However, the results of the gene analysis studies have not always been consistent. Involvement of many growth factors and cytokines, including bone morphogenic proteins and transforming growth factor-β, has been demonstrated in various histochemical and cytochemical analyses. Several transcription factors involved in cellular differentiation may also have a role. Recent epidemiological studies reaffirmed an earlier finding that diabetes mellitus is a distinct risk factor for OPLL. The long-term follow-up studies of OPLL patients are disclosing the natural history, as well as the frequency and rate of progression, of OPLL after surgical intervention. Further knowledge on the factors responsible for progression of OPLL may predict its behavior in each patient, and treatment may be tailored accordingly. The coexistence of OPLL with other diseases of ectopic ossification of the spine, such as ossification of the ligamentum flavum and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, is not uncommon. Scientific breakthrough in those diseases may, in turn, give insights into the pathogenesis of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Inamasu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33606, USA.
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Horikoshi T, Maeda K, Kawaguchi Y, Chiba K, Mori K, Koshizuka Y, Hirabayashi S, Sugimori K, Matsumoto M, Kawaguchi H, Takahashi M, Inoue H, Kimura T, Matsusue Y, Inoue I, Baba H, Nakamura K, Ikegawa S. A large-scale genetic association study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Hum Genet 2006; 119:611-6. [PMID: 16609882 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research to date has identified several genes that are implicated in the etiology of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL); however, their pathogenetic relevance remains obscure. The aim of this study is to identify susceptibility genes for OPLL through a large-scale case-control association study and to re-examine previously reported associations. A total of 109 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 35 candidate genes were genotyped for 711 sporadic OPLL patients and 896 controls. The differences in allelic and genotypic distribution between patients and controls were assessed using the chi (2) test with Bonferroni's correction. We also analyzed the association by separating patients into subgroups according to sex, age and the number of ossified vertebrae. The nominal P values fell below 0.05 for five SNPs in three genes. An intronic SNP in the TGF3 gene (P=0.00040) showed the most significant association. Previously reported associations of COL11A2, NPPS and TGFB1 with OPLL could not be reproduced. Further, no significant associations were detected in stratified analyses based on sex, age or the number of ossified vertebrae. TGFB3 warrants further investigation because it is located within a genomic region that has been positively linked with OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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Furukawa KI. Current Topics in Pharmacological Research on Bone Metabolism: Molecular Basis of Ectopic Bone Formation Induced by Mechanical Stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 100:201-4. [PMID: 16518075 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fmj05004x4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic bone formation (EBF) is frequently found in various tissues and affects the prognosis of diseases accompanied by EBF. Although the mechanism of EBF remains unclear, several local factors that influence the progression of EBF have been proposed. We have been focusing on the role of mechanical stress as a local factor in EBF in spinal ligament tissues, that is, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), which causes serious neurological deficiencies. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the expressions of several marker genes related to bone remodeling were enhanced after exposure of ligament cells derived from OPLL patients (OPLL cells) to cyclic stretching as a type of mechanical stress. However, no significant alterations in gene expressions were detected after cyclic stretching of ligament cells derived from non-OPLL patients. OPLL cells exposed to cyclic stretching released several autocrine/paracrine factors that are known to mediate bone remodeling. These results suggest that OPLL cells have been transformed into cells that are highly sensitive to mechanical stress, which may induce the progression of OPLL. These observations provide information regarding the role of mechanical stress in the process of EBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.
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Inoue I, Ikeda R, Tsukahara S. Current Topics in Pharmacological Research on Bone Metabolism: Promyelotic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) Identified by Gene Expression Analysis Play Roles in the Pathogenesis of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 100:205-10. [PMID: 16547399 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fmj05004x5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), an ectopic bone formation disease, we performed cDNA microarray analysis on cultured ligament cells from OPLL patients to understand the molecular pathogenesis of OPLL. We identified promyelotic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) as one of up-regulated genes and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) as one of down-regulated gene during osteoblastic differentiation. We investigated the roles of PLZF in the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and C2C12 cells. siRNA-mediated gene-silencing of PLZF resulted in a reduction of the expression of osteoblast-specific genes such as the alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1A1, Runx2/CBFA1, and osteocalcin genes in the presence of osteogenic differentiation medium (OS) in hMSCs. The overexpression of PLZF induced CBFA1 induction, suggesting that PLZF is an upstream regulator of CBFA1 and thereby participates in promoting the ossification of spinal ligament cells in OPLL patients. Adenovirus-mediated TSG-6 overexpression in hMSCs resulted in suppression of osteoblastic differentiation induced by either BMP-2 or OS. TSG-6 can bind to BMP-2 directly and thereby could inhibit BMP-2 signaling. Taken together, these findings indicate that PLZF and TSG-6 play important roles in early osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ituro Inoue
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Tsukahara S, Miyazawa N, Akagawa H, Forejtova S, Pavelka K, Tanaka T, Toh S, Tajima A, Akiyama I, Inoue I. COL6A1, the candidate gene for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, is associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Japanese. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30:2321-4. [PMID: 16227896 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000182318.47343.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Genetic screening of collagen 6A1 gene (COL6A1) in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) recruited in Japan and the Czech Republic. OBJECTIVE To investigate allelic associations between DISH and nucleotide variants of COL6A1. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA DISH is a skeletal hyperostotic disease characterized by ligamentous ossification of the anterolateral side of the spine. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a related disorder with DISH, and COL6A1 was identified as a susceptibility gene to OPLL. COL6A1 was examined for susceptibility in DISH patients from Japan and the Czech Republic. METHODS Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms of COL6A1 were genotyped by direct sequencing. The allele frequencies were compared between 97 Japanese DISH patients and 298 Japanese controls, and between 96 Czech DISH patients and 96 Czech controls by chi2 test. RESULTS The intron 32 (-29) single nucleotide polymorphisms of COL6A1 was significantly associated with the Japanese DISH patients (chi2 = 9.33; P = 0.0022), but not with the Czech DISH patients. CONCLUSIONS Because COL6A1 could be a susceptibility to the occurrence of DISH and OPLL in the Japanese population, we consider that COL6A1 could be responsible for the hyperostotic state, leading to ectopic bone formation in the spinal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Tsukahara
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tahara M, Aiba A, Yamazaki M, Ikeda Y, Goto S, Moriya H, Okawa A. The extent of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine associated with nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30:877-80; discussion 881. [PMID: 15834329 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000160686.18321.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control study using radiograph findings and the PCR assay with regard to the susceptibility and the severity of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL). OBJECTIVE To analyze whether polymorphisms of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPS) gene and the leptin receptor gene predispose to an increased frequency and severity of OPLL. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The NPPS gene is responsible for ectopic ossification in the ttw mouse, an animal model for OPLL. The Zucker fatty rat, another animal model for OPLL, has a missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene. METHODS Analysis of 172 OPLL patients and 93 non-OPLL controls was performed. Radiographs of the cervical, thoracic and lumber spine were analyzed to determine whether OPLL was present and to what degree. Genomic DNA was extracted from all participants. Polymorphisms of the NPPS gene and the leptin receptor gene were analyzed using the PCR assay. The association of the polymorphisms with the development and extent of OPLL were statistically evaluated. RESULTS No significant association was found between the polymorphisms and the existence of OPLL in both the NPPS and the leptin receptor genes. However, the IVS20-11delT variant in the NPPS gene and the A861G variant in the leptin receptor gene were more frequent in patients with OPLL in the thoracic spine compared with patients whose OPLL was restricted to the cervical spine. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the IVS20-11delT variant of the NPPS gene and the A861G variant of the leptin receptor gene are associated with more extensive OPLL, but not with the frequency with which it occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Tahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Kobashi G, Washio M, Okamoto K, Sasaki S, Yokoyama T, Miyake Y, Sakamoto N, Ohta K, Inaba Y, Tanaka H. High body mass index after age 20 and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine in Japanese subjects: a case-control study in multiple hospitals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004; 29:1006-10. [PMID: 15105673 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200405010-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A sex- and age-matched case-control study was carried out. OBJECTIVES To facilitate early prediction, prevention, and treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine, the authors analyzed histories of past illness, past body mass indexes, and body pliableness by nature, adjusted for other factors considered to be risk factors. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The cause of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine has not yet been elucidated in detail, although many possible causative factors have been suggested, including gender, diabetes mellitus, trauma, hormonal imbalance, and dietary habits. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was obtained from 69 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and 138 sex- and age-matched control participants who were free of spinal disease, randomly selected from participants in a health checkup in a town. After univariate analysis, a stepwise method was applied to select significant factors in multivariate analysis. RESULTS A multivariate analysis revealed that the following three indicators were independent potent risk factors for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: history of diabetes mellitus, history of lumbago, and maximum body mass index before manifestation > or =25, after adjustment for other possible lifestyle risk factors. CONCLUSION Excessive weight gain between 20 and 40 years of age, diabetes mellitus, and lumbago were found to be independent risk factors for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Follow-up studies, including the addition of hospital-based control participants and analysis of genetic polymorphisms, will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kobashi
- Department of Health for Senior Citizens, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Tanaka T, Ikari K, Furushima K, Okada A, Tanaka H, Furukawa KI, Yoshida K, Ikeda T, Ikegawa S, Hunt SC, Takeda J, Toh S, Harata S, Nakajima T, Inoue I. Genomewide linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses identify COL6A1, on chromosome 21, as the locus for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:812-22. [PMID: 12958705 PMCID: PMC1180604 DOI: 10.1086/378593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 07/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is a subset of "bone-forming" diseases, characterized by ectopic ossification in the spinal ligaments. OPLL is a common disorder among elderly populations in eastern Asia and is the leading cause of spinal myelopathy in Japan. We performed a genomewide linkage study with 142 affected sib pairs, to identify genetic loci related to OPLL. In multipoint linkage analysis using GENEHUNTER-PLUS, evidence of linkage to OPLL was detected on chromosomes 1p, 6p, 11q, 14q, 16q, and 21q. The best evidence of linkage was detected near D21S1903 on chromosome 21q22.3 (maximum Zlr=3.97); therefore, the linkage region was extensively investigated for linkage disequilibrium with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 20 Mb. One hundred fifty positional candidate genes lie in the region, and 600 gene-based SNPs were genotyped. There were positive allelic associations with seven genes (P<.01) in 280 patients and 210 controls, and four of the seven genes were clustered within a region of 750 kb, approximately 1.2 Mb telomeric to D21S1903. Extensive linkage disequilibrium and association studies of the four genes indicated that SNPs in the collagen 6A1 gene (COL6A1) were strongly associated with OPLL (P=.000003 for the SNP in intron 32 [-29]). Haplotype analysis with three SNPs in COL6A1 gave a single-point P value of.0000007. Identification of the locus of susceptibility to OPLL by genomewide linkage and linkage disequilibrium studies permits us to investigate the pathogenesis of the disease, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kozo Furushima
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okada
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Furukawa
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikeda
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toh
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Seiko Harata
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, and Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tokyo; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Cell Regulation, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Kawaguchi Y, Furushima K, Sugimori K, Inoue I, Kimura T. Association between polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with the radiologic characteristic and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003; 28:1424-6. [PMID: 12838101 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000068245.27017.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A study was conducted to examine the relation between the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) polymorphism (T-->C transition in the signal sequence) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the polymorphism of TGF-beta1 and the radiologic characteristics of OPLL. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament has a strong genetic background. Several genes contribute to the expression of OPLL. Transforming growth factor-beta1 is present in the ossified matrix and chondrocytes of cartilage adjacent to areas of OPLL. METHODS The difference in the TGF-Tbeta1 allele distribution ("TT," "TC," and "CC") between 369 patients with OPLL and 258 control subjects was assessed. The relations between the allele frequency and radiologic features of OPLL involving the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine and the width of the ossification area were evaluated. RESULTS There was no statistical difference with respect to the type of OPLL and the width of the ossification area for the TGF-Tbeta1 allele between the OPLL and the control groups. However, in the patients with "TC" or "CC" alleles, OPLL frequently was found in the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS Transforming growth factor-beta1 polymorphism is not a factor associated with the occurrence of OPLL, but rather a factor related to the area of the ossified lesion. The "C" allele might be a risk factor for patients with OPLL in other areas in addition to the cervical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Tanabe J, Sarin H, Kindt G. Familial ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine: case report. Surg Neurol 2002; 58:403-5; discussion 405. [PMID: 12517621 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(02)00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is most common in the Japanese population and in the cervical spine. We present a case of OPLL of the lower thoracic spine in two Caucasian siblings. CASE DESCRIPTION A 58-year-old female presented with lower extremity dysesthesia and urinary hesitancy. Family history was significant for a brother who had OPLL of the lower thoracic spine removed surgically. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan of the thoracic spine demonstrated OPLL at T10-11 causing cord compression and abnormally high T2 signal in the cord. The patient underwent posterior decompression with improvement of her symptoms. CONCLUSION A genetic predisposition to develop OPLL has been suggested by previous linkage and biochemical studies. While OPLL is an increasingly recognized diagnosis in North America, this is the first reported case of familial thoracic OPLL in Caucasian siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Ogata N, Koshizuka Y, Miura T, Iwasaki M, Hosoi T, Shiraki M, Seichi A, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H. Association of bone metabolism regulatory factor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and its severity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27:1765-71. [PMID: 12195069 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200208150-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control association study and a stratified study investigating the genetic etiology for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of estrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor, parathyroid hormone, and interleukin-1alpha and -1beta with susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and its severity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Contribution of genetic backgrounds to the etiology for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine has been suggested by epidemiologic studies. METHODS Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid samples obtained from 120 patients (77 men and 43 women) with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and 306 control subjects without the disorder (166 men and 140 women) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and polymorphism genotypes were determined by restriction endonuclease digestion. The distribution of genotypes was compared between patients with the disorder and control subjects. In addition, the severity of ossification was determined by the number of ossified vertebrae in patients with the disorder, and associations of the severity with age, gender, and genotypes were examined. RESULTS Estrogen receptor (P = 0.007) and interleukin-1beta (P = 0.001) polymorphisms exhibited different distributions between patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and control subjects in women, but not in men. In patients with the disorder, the severity of ossification was negatively correlated with age in women (P = 0.013), but not in men. Estrogen receptor polymorphism was associated with the severity only in women (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The contribution of genetic backgrounds is likely to be stronger in women than in men with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Estrogen receptor polymorphism was associated with both initiation and promotion of the disorder, but interleukin-1beta polymorphism was associated only with its initiation in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Ogata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Soehle M, Casey ATH. Cervical spinal cord compression attributable to a calcified intervertebral disc in a patient with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 2002; 51:239-42; discussion 242-3. [PMID: 12182425 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200207000-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is a common inherited phosphate-wasting disorder, but it is a rare cause of spinal cord compression. We present the first reported case of a calcified intervertebral disc causing spinal canal stenosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 44-year-old woman presented with paresthesia of her left arm and a loss of grip in both hands. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a calcified intervertebral disc, as well as a posterior osteophytic bar causing marked cervical cord compression at C6/C7. INTERVENTION An anterior cervical discectomy at C6/C7 and fusion with autologous bone graft were performed. The patient then exhibited significant improvement. CONCLUSION A review of the 16 published cases demonstrates that thickening of the vertebral laminae, facet joint hypertrophy, and ossification of the intervertebral discs, posterior longitudinal ligament, and/or ligamentum flavum contribute to spinal canal stenosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. Those changes are caused by the disease itself and are unlikely to be related to long-term vitamin D treatment. Eleven of 16 patients were reported to have experienced favorable outcomes after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Soehle
- Department of Surgical Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, England
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Furushima K, Shimo-Onoda K, Maeda S, Nobukuni T, Ikari K, Koga H, Komiya S, Nakajima T, Harata S, Inoue I. Large-scale screening for candidate genes of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:128-37. [PMID: 11771659 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.1.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is the predominant myelopathy among Japanese, and is usually diagnosed by ectopic bone formation in the paravertebral ligament in Japanese and other Asians. To detect genetic determinants associated with OPLL, we performed an extensive nonparametric linkage study with 126 affected sib-pairs using markers for various candidate genes by distinct analyses, SIBPAL and GENEHUNTER. Eighty-eight candidate genes were selected by comparing the genes identified by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis of systematic gene expression profiles during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells with the genes known to be involved in bone metabolism. Of the 24 genes regulated during osteoblastic differentiation, only one, the alpha B crystalline gene, showed evidence of linkage (p = 0.016, nonparametric linkage [NPL] score = 1.83). Of 64 genes known to be associated with bone metabolism, 7 showed weak evidence of linkage by SIBPAL analysis (p < 0.05): cadherin 13 (CDH13), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), proteoglycan 1 (PRG1), transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFb3), osteopontin (OPN), parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Among these genes, BMP4 (NPL = 2.23), CDH13 (NPL = 2.00), TGFb3 (NPL = 1.30), OPN (NPL = 1.15), and PTHR1 (NPL = 1.00) showed evidence of linkage by GENEHUNTER. Only BMP4 reached criteria of suggestive evidence of linkage. Because this gene is a well-known factor in osteogenetic function, BMP4 should be screened in further study for the polymorphism responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Furushima
- Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science. The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Ogata N, Ikeda T, Mabuchi A, Seichi A, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Ikegawa S. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase gene polymorphism associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:138-44. [PMID: 11771660 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is a disease that causes paralysis by compressing the spinal cord. Based on the fact that the nucleotide pyrophosphatase (Npps) gene is responsible for ectopic ossification in ttw, an OPLL model mouse, the possibility was explored whether the human NPPS gene is associated with susceptibility to and severity of OPLL. First, we screened for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human NPPS locus using selected 25 OPLL patients with young onset (< 35 years old) or severe ossification (> 10 ossified vertebrae), and identified three novel SNPs in the locus. A case-control association study between 180 OPLL patients and 265 non-OPLL controls showed that one of these SNPs, IVS15-14T --> C substitution, was more frequently observed in OPLL patients (p = 0.022), especially in those with severe ossification (p < 0.0001) and young onset (p = 0.002), than in controls. A stratified study with the number of ossified vertebrae in OPLL patients revealed that IVS15-14T --> C substitution (p = 0.013) as well as young onset (p = 0.046) and female sex (p = 0.006) were associated with severe ossification. We conclude that the IVS15-14T --> C substitution in the human NPPS gene is associated not only with susceptibility to, but also with severity of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koshizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Inoue I. [Genetic study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2001; 46:2289-94. [PMID: 11802381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Havelka S, Veselá M, Pavelková A, Ruzicková S, Koga H, Maeda S, Inoue I, Halman L. Are DISH and OPLL genetically related? Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:902-3. [PMID: 11534511 PMCID: PMC1753834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Kamiya M, Harada A, Mizuno M, Iwata H, Yamada Y. Association between a polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene and genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Japanese patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:1264-6; discussion 1266-7. [PMID: 11389394 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200106010-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A study was conducted to determine the association between polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) prevalence. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the T869-->C polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Japanese subjects. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA In the posterior longitudinal ligament, OPLL is associated with abnormal calcium metabolism. Several candidate genes are associated with the prevalence of OPLL. In the ossified matrix and chondrocytes of adjacent cartilaginous areas of OPLL, TGF-beta1 is overexpressed. METHODS The TGF-beta1 genotype was identified with an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method in 319 Japanese subjects (46 subjects with OPLL and 273 control subjects). RESULTS There was a significant association between the T869-->C genotype and the prevalence of OPLL in the cervical spine. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for gender, age, height, and body weight, showed that the frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in subjects with OPLL than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The T869-->C polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 gene is a genetic determinant of a predisposition to OPLL, with the C allele representing a risk factor for genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Japanese subjects. Therefore, TGF-beta1 genotyping may be useful in the prevention of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Maeda S, Ishidou Y, Koga H, Taketomi E, Ikari K, Komiya S, Takeda J, Sakou T, Inoue I. Functional impact of human collagen alpha2(XI) gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:948-57. [PMID: 11341341 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is the leading cause of myelopathy in Japan. In earlier studies, we provided genetic linkage and allelic association evidence of distinct differences in the human collagen alpha2(XI) gene (COL11A2) that might constitute inherited predisposition to OPLL. In the present study, a strong allelic association with non-OPLL (p = 0.0003) was observed with an intron 6 polymorphism [intron 6 (-4A)], in which the intron 6 (-4A) allele is more frequently observed in non-OPLL subjects than in OPLL patients. In addition, a newly identified polymorphism in exon 6 [exon 6 (+28A)] was in linkage disequilibrium with the intron 6 (-4A). The functional impact of the polymorphisms was analyzed by comparing the differences in messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in cultured cells from the interspinous ligament and an in vitro exon trapping study. The intron 6 (-4A) allele resulted in skipping exon 6 and retaining exon 7, while the exon 6 (+28A) allele was not associated with alteration in mRNA splicing. Similar mRNA species were observed in undifferentiated osteoblast (Ob) cells and in cells from posterior longitudinal ligament of non-OPLL subjects. The region containing exons 6-8 is an acidic subdomain presumably exposed to the surface that could interact with molecules of the extracellular matrix. Accordingly, retaining exon 7 together with removal of exon 6 observed in intron 6 (-4A) could play a protective role in the ectopic ossification process because the same pattern was observed in undifferentiated Ob cells and nonossified posterior longitudinal ligament cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Maeda S, Koga H, Matsunaga S, Numasawa T, Ikari K, Furushima K, Harata S, Takeda J, Sakou T, Komiya S, Inoue I. Gender-specific haplotype association of collagen alpha2 (XI) gene in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. J Hum Genet 2001; 46:1-4. [PMID: 11289713 DOI: 10.1007/s100380170117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Among Japanese, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a leading cause of myelopathy, showing ectopic bone formation in the paravertebral ligament. We have provided genetic evidence that the collagen alpha2 (XI) (COL11A2) locus of chromosome 6 constitutes susceptibility for OPLL. Five distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified in COL11A2, were combined to construct possible haplotypes by the use of a maximum likelihood program. Estimated haplotype frequency was compared in OPLL patients and non-OPLL controls. We report a gender-specific association of the COL11AA2 haplotvpe with OPLL. The frequency of the most commonly observed haplotype was significantly higher in male patients (P = 0.0003) compared with controls, but not in female patients (P = 0.21). OPLL is predominantly observed in males. with a prevalence ratio of 2:1, and our gender-specific associations indicate that genetic factors involving COL11A2 play a specific role in the etiology of OPLL exclusively in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Shiigi E, Sugiyama T, Tanaka H, Murata H, Shirakura Y, Kawai S. Possible involvement of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in male patients with ossification of spinal ligaments. J Bone Miner Metab 2001; 19:308-11. [PMID: 11498733 DOI: 10.1007/s007740170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2000] [Accepted: 03/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of spinal ligaments (OSL) is a common form of myelopathy characterized by heterotopic bone formation in the spinal ligaments, predominantly in men. Although the etiology of OSL is not fully understood, previous studies have strongly suggested the involvement of genetic factors in this disease. To investigate the possible involvement of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in Japanese male patients with OSL, we analyzed: (a) the VDR genotype defined by BsmI polymorphism in patients with obvious OSL and controls; and (b) the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of spinal ligament cells derived from patients without OSL. With regard to the VDR genotype, of the patients with OSL (n = 27), none had the BB genotype (0%), one had the Bb genotype (4%), and 26 had the bb genotype (96%). In the control group (n = 97) three had the BB genotype (3%), 18 had the Bb genotype (19%), and 76 had the bb genotype (78%). As a result, the B allele frequency in patients with OSL (2%) was significantly lower than in controls (12%). 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, at concentrations of 10-9 and 10-8 M, significantly increased ALP activity of the ligament cells (n = 8), suggesting that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is able to promote osteogenic differentiation of normal ligament cells. Among the Japanese, sensitivity to vitamin D has been reported to vary between the alleles of the VDR; i.e., bone mineral density (BMD) in patients without the B allele is increased by vitamin D treatment, whereas patients with the B allele do not show such an increase in BMD. The present investigation is a small preliminary study, but the findings suggest, for the first time, that the B allele of the VDR acts as an inhibitor in the pathogenesis of human male OSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shiigi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is still unknown. Gene analysis and molecular biology have been introduced in recent years, and etiologic and pathological clarifications are being achieved. An important role of the genetic background in the development of this disease was demonstrated by pedigree survey, twin survey, and HLA haplotype study. The results of gene linkage study showed that patients with OPLL have a significantly higher incidence of genetic abnormalities found in the XI collagen (alpha)2 gene (COL11A2) region. From the gene mapping of this abnormality, the abnormal N-propeptide of the COL11A2 gene was found to be responsible. We are planning to undertake genetic analysis of the whole of chromosome VI to find the pathogenic genes responsible for OPLL in addition to COL11A2. A cell biological approach is also necessary to make clear the relationship between abnormalities of the COL11A2 gene and ossification of the ligament. In future, identification of the susceptible gene, elucidation of its function, and study toward the development of preventive and therapeutic drugs will advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890, Japan
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Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, Okuda S, Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Koyama T, Goto S, Toguchida J, Matsushita M, Ochi T, Takaoka K, Nakamura Y. Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL). Hum Genet 1999; 104:492-7. [PMID: 10453738 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine) is a common form of human myelopathy with a prevalence of as much as 4% in a variety of ethnic groups. To clarify the genetic factors that predispose to OPLL, we have studied ttw (tiptoe walking), a mouse model that presents ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments similar to OPLL and have found that the ttw phenotype is caused by the nonsense mutation of the gene encoding nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPS), a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to produce inorganic pyrophosphate, a major inhibitor of calcification and mineralization. To investigate a possible role of NPPS in the etiology of OPLL, we have examined its genetic variations in OPLL patients. A total of 323 OPLL patients was screened by means of polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis covering all the exons and their surrounding introns, plus about 1.5-kb of the promoter region. We identified ten nucleotide variations in the NPPS gene; five of the alterations caused amino-acid substitutions, and two of them were found specifically in OPLL patients. Subsequently, we performed an association study using these variations and found a significant association of an allele, viz., a deletion of T at a position 11 nucleotides upstream from the splice acceptor site of intron 20 (IVS20-11delT), with OPLL; the proportion of the individuals having this deletion was significantly higher (P = 0.0029) in OPLL patients than in controls, indicating that those who have this variation may be more susceptible to the abnormal ossification of the spinal ligaments. Thus, our study suggests that NPPS plays an important role in the etiology of human OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nakamura
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes in families of patients with known ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) were reviewed. OBJECTIVE To clarify how genetic factors relate to the development of OPLL. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The association between genetic factors and the development of OPLL is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The association between HLA haplotypes and OPLL was studied in families of 24 patients with OPLL. RESULTS The prevalence of OPLL was higher in the siblings showing a higher share of identical HLA haplotypes: 10 (53%) of 19 with concurrence of two strands, and 5 (24%) of 21 with concurrence of one strand. Of 21 subjects who had no HLA haplotype identical with that in OPLL patients, only one showed evidence of OPLL. CONCLUSION Genetic factors predispose toward the development of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsunaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
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