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Hu Y, Yu X, Yang L, Xue G, Wei Q, Han Z, Chen H. Research progress on the antitumor effects of harmine. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382142. [PMID: 38590646 PMCID: PMC10999596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmine is a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid originally isolated from Peganum harmala. As a major active component, harmine exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly remarkable antitumor effects. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that harmine can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, harmine reduces drug resistance when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite its remarkable antitumor activity, the application of harmine is limited by its poor solubility and toxic side effects, particularly neurotoxicity. Novel harmine derivatives have demonstrated strong clinical application prospects, but further validation based on drug activity, acute toxicity, and other aspects is necessary. Here, we present a review of recent research on the action mechanism of harmine in cancer treatment and the development of its derivatives, providing new insights into its potential clinical applications and strategies for mitigating its toxicity while enhancing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaimei Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Li S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin B, Li D, Hua H, Hu X. β-Carboline alkaloids from the roots of Peganum harmala L. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:171-177. [PMID: 38342569 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation of four new β-carboline alkaloids (1-4) and six previously identified alkaloids (5-10) from the roots of Peganum harmala L. Among these compounds, 1 and 2 were characterized as rare β-carboline-quinazoline dimers exhibiting axial chirality. Compound 3 possessed a unique 6/5/6/7 tetracyclic ring system with an azepine ring, and compound 4 was a novel annomontine β-carboline. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and quantum mechanical calculations. The biosynthetic pathways of 1-3 were proposed. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of some isolates against four cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, MDA-MB-231, and DU145) was evaluated. Notably, compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HL-60, A549, and DU145 cells with IC50 values of 12.39, 12.80, and 30.65 μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 17.32 μmol·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengge Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulate and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Zhang Zhongjing Traditional School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xu Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulate and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Zhang Zhongjing Traditional School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China.
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Bibi M, Batool SA, Iqbal S, Zaidi SB, Hussain R, Akhtar M, Khan A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Ur Rehman MA. Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded with peganum harmala for bone tissue engineering. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21636. [PMID: 38027746 PMCID: PMC10665746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is an increase in a number of bone disorders including osteoarthritis (OA), osteomyelitis, bone cancer, and etc., which has led to a demand for bone tissue regeneration. In order to take use of the osteogenic potential of natural herbs, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have the ability to deliver therapeutically active chemicals locally. MBGNs influence bioactivity and osteointegration of materials making them suitable for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In the present study, we developed Peganum Harmala (P. harmala) loaded MBGNs (PH-MBGNs) synthesized via modified Stöber process. The MBGNs were analyzed in terms of surface morphology, chemical make-up, amorphous nature, chemical interaction, pore size, and surface area before and after loading with P. harmala. A burst release of drug from PH-MBGNs was observed within 8 h immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). PH-MBGNs effectively prevented Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from spreading. Furthermore, PH-MBGNs developed a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF) after 21 days, which confirmed the in-vitro bioactivity of MBGNs. In conclusion, PH-MBGNs synthesized in this work are potential candidate for scaffolding or a constituent in the coatings for BTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bibi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Ammara Batool
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Iqbal
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaher Bano Zaidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Akhtar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Derbak H, Imre K, Benabdelhak AC, Moussaoui M, Kribeche A, Kebbi R, Ayad A. Effect of Peganum harmala Total Alkaloid Extract on Sexual Behavior and Sperm Parameters in Male Mice. Vet Sci 2023; 10:498. [PMID: 37624285 PMCID: PMC10459670 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the effects of the total alkaloid extract of Algerian Peganum harmala seeds on sexual behavior and male reproductive function. After two weeks of acclimatization, the male mice were randomly divided into four groups (seven mice in each group). For 35 days, the extract was administered orally at dose levels of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight per day to the respective groups of male mice (n = 7) and normal saline daily to the control group. On day 28, sexual behavior parameters were recorded. At the end of the trial, reproductive organ weights, sperm quality, seminal fructose, and testosterone hormone levels were evaluated. The three treated groups were compared with the control using statistical variance analysis (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), followed by Tukey's test. The results of the groups treated with 12.5 and 6.25 mg/kg of P. harmala alkaloid revealed the MF and IF parameters to be the lowest compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the male mice treated with 25 mg/kg recorded the highest values. A low significant value of ML was observed in the group treated with 25 mg/kg of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala compared to the control group (p < 0.01), while a rise was observed in the concentration group treated with 6.25 mg/kg. Regarding IL, the male mice treated with different concentrations of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala recorded a higher time than the control group. Moreover, an increase in the gonadosomatic index was noticed in all groups compared to the control group. However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the sperm counts of the groups treated with 12.5 mg/kg and 6.25 mg/kg. However, there was no significant difference in the motility, membrane integrity, and total antioxidant capacity of sperm cells compared to the control. The extract treatment also brought about a non-significant increase in fructose content of the seminal vesicle and serum testosterone level. The findings of this study demonstrate that the extract acts in a dose-dependent manner, and it has varying effects on the reproductive parameters of male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Derbak
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.D.); (A.C.B.); (M.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amira Chahrazad Benabdelhak
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.D.); (A.C.B.); (M.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mohamed Moussaoui
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.D.); (A.C.B.); (M.M.); (R.K.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (CRSP), Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Amina Kribeche
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics (L3BS), University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Rosa Kebbi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.D.); (A.C.B.); (M.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Abdelhanine Ayad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.D.); (A.C.B.); (M.M.); (R.K.)
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Li S, Yan N, Tanveer M, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Wang H. Seed Germination Ecology of the Medicinal Plant Peganum harmala ( Zygophyllaceae). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2660. [PMID: 37514274 PMCID: PMC10384465 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in the life cycle of annuals in arid, saline regions and is particularly vulnerable to abiotic stresses. Peganum harmala, a valuable medicinal plant, has limited research on its seed germination response to different environmental stresses in the arid, saline regions of Central Asia. To investigate this, we studied the effects of various temperature regimes (ranging from 20/5 to 35/20 °C), light exposure (12 hours light/12 hours dark and continuous dark), seven levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentration (ranging from 0-30%), and four types of salinity (ranging from 0-600 mmol L-1). Our findings show that photoperiod and temperature significantly influence germination. Optimal temperature range for seed germination was observed at 30/15 °C, with simulated critical and limit values of drought tolerance being highest (17.30% and 24.98%). However, higher temperatures (35/20 °C) and lower temperatures (20/5 °C) reduced the critical and limit values of drought tolerance. Additionally, the type and concentration of salinity had a significant effect on the seed germination, shoot, and root lengths of P. harmala. Regression analysis indicated that the critical values of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 tolerance during germination were 178 mmol L-1, 101 mmol L-1, 106 mmol L-1, and 54 mmol L-1, respectively. Salinity inhibition on seed germination followed the order: NaCl < NaHCO3 < Na2SO4 < Na2CO3. Moreover, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 significantly inhibited the growth of P. harmala seedlings in both shoots and roots. Our study demonstrates the sensitivity of P. harmala to environmental factors such as light, temperature, drought, and salinity. The study provides valuable information on the germination ecology of P. harmala under diverse ecological scenarios, which can be useful in developing efficient propagation and utilization of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Planning and Design Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Planning and Design Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhenyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Bayinbuluk Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bayinbuluk 841314, China
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Rashid S, Sameti M, Alqarni MH, Abdel Bar FM. In vivo investigation of the inhibitory effect of Peganum harmala L. and its major alkaloids on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 300:115752. [PMID: 36174807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peganum harmala L. is a traditional medicinal plant used for centuries in folk medicine. It has a wide array of therapeutic attributes, which include hypoglycemic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The fruit decoction of this plant was claimed by Avicenna as traditional therapy for urolithiasis. Also, P. harmala seed showed a clinical reduction in kidney stone number and size in patients with urolithiasis. AIM OF THE STUDY In light of the above-mentioned data, the anti-urolithiatic activities of the seed extracts and the major β-carboline alkaloids of P. harmala were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, isolation, and characterization of the major alkaloids were performed using different chromatographic and spectral techniques. The in vivo anti-urolithiatic action was evaluated using ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis in rats by studying their mitigating effects on the antioxidant machinery, serum toxicity markers (i.e. nitrogenous waste, such as blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, urea, and creatinine), minerals (such as Ca, Mg, P, and oxalate), kidney injury marker 1 (KIM-1), and urinary markers (i.e. urine pH and urine output). RESULTS Two major alkaloids, harmine (P1) and harmalacidine HCl (P2), were isolated and in vivo evaluated alongside the different extracts. The results showed that P. harmala and its constituents/fractions significantly reduced oxidative stress at 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o., as demonstrated by increased levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in kidney homogenate as compared to the EG-treated group. Likewise, the total extract, pet. ether fraction, n-butanol fraction, and P1, P2 alleviated malondialdehyde (MDA) as compared to the EG-treated group. Serum toxicity markers like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, urea, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and oxalate levels were decreased by total extract, pet. ether fraction, n-butanol fraction, P1, and P2 as compared to the EG-treated group. Inflammatory markers like NFκ-B and TNF-α were also downregulated in the kidney homogenate of treatment groups as compared to the EG-treated group. Moreover, urine output and urine pH were significantly increased in treatment groups as compared to the EG-treated group deciphering anti-urolithiatic property of P. harmala. Histopathological assessment by different staining patterns also supported the previous findings and indicated that treatment with P. harmala caused a gradual recovery in damaged glomeruli, medulla, interstitial spaces and tubules, and brown calculi materials as compared to the EG-treated group. CONCLUSION The current research represents scientific evidence on the use of P. harmala and its major alkaloids as an effective therapy in the prevention and management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam Sameti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma M Abdel Bar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Fahimi S, Oryan S, Ahmadi R, Eidi A. Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e132071. [PMID: 36915407 PMCID: PMC10007996 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is proposed as a possible mechanism for diabetes-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Numerous studies have suggested that the therapeutic properties of plants, such as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic, are effective in improving the complications of diabetes in the hippocampus. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) in the brain hippocampal cells of diabetic rats. Methods In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: Control (C), diabetic (D), harmine (H), diabetic plus harmine (DH), seed extract (S), and diabetic plus seed extract (DS). A single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) was enough to cause diabetes. Seed extract and harmine were given at 150 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg, respectively (daily by oral gavage for 28 days). The glucose levels in the blood were measured, and the histological staining of the hippocampus was examined. Percentages of apoptotic hippocampal cells were identified with flow cytometry. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was assayed via Real time- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Results In DH (P = 0.001) and DS (P = 0.01) rats, the mean fasting blood glucose level significantly reduced compared with the D group. Bax and Bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels significantly differed between the D group and other groups (P = 0.01). Harmine and the seed extract considerably reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal cells compared to the D group (P = 0.001). Conclusions Streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats was reduced by administering the seed extract of Peganum harmala. The P. harmala seed extract and its active ingredient, harmine, could be used as anti-apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Fahimi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramesh Ahmadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Khadraoui N, Essid R, Jallouli S, Damergi B, Ben Takfa I, Abid G, Jedidi I, Bachali A, Ayed A, Limam F, Tabbene O. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Peganum harmala seed extract against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic isolates and molecular mechanism of action. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:133. [PMID: 34999965 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas (P). aeruginosa is one of the major global challenges to control nosocomial infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms. The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial and the antibiofilm activities of Peganum (P). harmala seed extract against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Chemical identification of the active compound and determination of its molecular mechanism of action were also investigated. Results showed that P. harmala n-butanol "n-BuOH" extract exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. This extract was even more active than conventional antibiotics cefazolin and vaamox when tested against three P. aeruginosa multidrug-resistant isolates. In addition, P. harmala n-BuOH extract exhibited potent bactericidal activity against PAO1 strain at MIC value corresponding to 500 µg/mL and attained 100% killing effect at 24 h of incubation. Furthermore, P. harmala n-BuOH extract showed an antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and exhibited 80.43% inhibition at sub-inhibitory concentration. The extract also eradicated 83.99% of the biofilm-forming bacteria. The active compound was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an indole alkaloid harmaline. Transcriptomic analysis showed complete inhibition of the biofilm-related gene pilA when PAO1 cells were treated with harmaline. Our results revealed that P. harmala seed extract and its active compound harmaline could be considered as a candidate for a new treatment of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa pathogens-associated biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Khadraoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Damergi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Iheb Ben Takfa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ines Jedidi
- Water and Food Control Laboratory, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens-Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bachali
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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Abbas MW, Hussain M, Qamar M, Ali S, Shafiq Z, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peganum harmala Extracts: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Molecules 2021; 26:6084. [PMID: 34641627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala (P. harmala) belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, and is utilized in the traditional medicinal systems of Pakistan, China, Morocco, Algeria, and Spain to treat several chronic health disorders. The aim of the present study was to identify the chemical constituents and to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and toxicity effects of P. harmala extracts both in vitro and in vivo. Sequential crude extracts including 100% dichloromethane, 100% methanol, and 70% aqueous methanol were obtained and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method in mice, whereas the toxicity of the most active extract was evaluated using an acute and subacute toxicity rat model. In addition, we have used the bioassay-guided approach to obtain potent fractions, using solvent–solvent partitioning and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography from active crude extracts; identification and quantification of compounds from the active fractions was achieved using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography techniques. Results revealed that the 100% methanol extract of P. harmala exhibits significant in vitro antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with an IC50 of 49 µg/mL as compared to the standard quercetin with an IC50 of 25.4 µg/mL. The same extract exhibited 63.0% inhibition against serum albumin denaturation as compared to 97% inhibition by the standard diclofenac sodium in an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, and in vivo anti-inflammatory against carrageenan-induced paw edema (75.14% inhibition) as compared to 86.1% inhibition caused by the standard indomethacin. Furthermore, this extract was not toxic during a 14 day trial of acute toxicity when given at a dose of 3 g/kg, indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) of P. harmala methanol extract was greater than 3 g/kg. P. harmala methanolic fraction 2 obtained using bioassay-guided fractionation showed the presence of quinic acid, peganine, harmol, harmaline, and harmine, confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and quantified using external standards on high performance liquid chromatography. Taken all together, the current investigation further confirms the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and safety aspects of P. harmala, which justifies its use in folk medicine.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Predominant molecules in Peganum harmala leaves were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of this analysis, most alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in found P. harmala was compiled from the literature in order to develop and lead the production of effective inhibitor drugs for ACE2, main protease, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is today's most contagious and deadly disease. AIM By comparing FDA-approved drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, we aimed to determine whether the molecules in P. harmala are effective against SARS CoV-2 in silico. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION P. harmala molecules were selected as drug candidates from the PubChem web tool. Afterwards, molecular docking calculations of these inhibitor molecules were made with Maestro Molecular modeling program by Schrödinger. The comparison of molecules with high inhibitory activities with FDA-approved drugs was made. With molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, docking calculations of molecules that have high inhibitory activity, were tried to be verified by calculations in the range of 0-100 nanoseconds (Tab. 4, Fig. 6, Ref. 53).
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Boonhok R, Sangkanu S, Chuprom J, Srisuphanunt M, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Mirzaei F, Mitsuwan W, Wisessombat S, de Lourdes Pereira M, Rahmatullah M, Wilairatana P, Wiart C, Ling LC, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Peganum harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Acanthamoeba triangularis Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes. Pathogens 2021; 10:842. [PMID: 34357992 PMCID: PMC8308471 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used for several therapeutic purposes as it contains numerous pharmacological active compounds. Our study reported an anti-parasitic activity of P. harmala seed extract against Acanthamoeba triangularis. The stress induced by the extract on the surviving trophozoites for Acanthamoeba encystation and vacuolization was examined by microscopy, and transcriptional expression of Acanthamoeba autophagy-related genes was investigated by quantitative PCR. Our results showed that the surviving trophozoites were not transformed into cysts, and the number of trophozoites with enlarged vacuoles were not significantly different from that of untreated control. Molecular analysis data demonstrated that the mRNA expression of tested AcATG genes, i.e., ATG3, ATG8b, and ATG16, was at a basal level along the treatment. However, upregulation of AcATG16 at 24 h post treatment was observed, which may indicate an autophagic activity of this protein in response to the stress. Altogether, these data revealed the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of P. harmala extract and indicated the association of autophagy mRNA expression and cyst formation under the extract stress, representing a promising plant for future drug development. However, further identification of an active compound and a study of autophagy at the protein level are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Mayuna Srisuphanunt
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Mirzaei
- Department Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 14188-15971, Iran;
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Lim Chooi Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS), Sikkim 737102, India;
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Jalali A, Dabaghian F, Zarshenas MM. Alkaloids of Peganum harmala: Anticancer Biomarkers with Promising Outcomes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:185-196. [PMID: 33238864 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201125103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious and growing global health issue worldwide. In the cancerous cells, the normal cell cycle has been disrupted via a series of irreversible changes. Recently, the investigations on herbal medicine and clarifying the phytochemicals potential in treat cancer has been increased. The combination of phytochemicals with conventional cancer treatment approaches can improve outcomes via advancing cell death, restraining cell proliferation and invasion, sensitizing cancerous cells, and promoting the immune system. Therefore, phytochemicals can be introduced as relevant complementary medicaments in cancer therapy. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) as a valuable medicinal herb, possesses various alkaloid ingredient. OBJECTIVE Pointing to the importance of new avenues for cancer management and P. harmala convincing effect in this field, this review strived to collect a frame to epitome possible scopes to develop novel medicines in cancer treatment. METHODS Keywords "Peganum harmala" and cancer, or chemotherapy, or anti-neoplasm were searched through the "Scopus" database up to 29th of February 2020. Papers linking to agriculture, chemistry, environmental, and genetics sciences were omitted and, papers centered on cancer were selected. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the current study, 42 related papers to cancer treatment and 22 papers on alkaloid bioactive components are collected from 72 papers. The β-carboline alkaloids derived from P. harmala, especially harmine, demonstrate notable anticancer properties by targeting apoptosis, autophagy, abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cytotoxicity. Based on the collected information, P. harmala holds significant anticancer activity. Considering the mechanism of the various anticancer drugs and their acting similarity to P. harmala, the alkaloids derived from this herb, particularly harmine, can introduce as a novel anticancer medicine solely or in adjuvant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jalali
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Dabaghian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jiao PP, Si W, Qu WR, Zhang SH, Yang TG, Wu ZH. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1360-1362. [PMID: 33889749 PMCID: PMC8032332 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1909441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Zygophyllaceae, and is grows in semi-arid climates, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia in China, and also Middle East and North Africa. This species is of high medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study. The chloroplast genome with a total size of 159,957 bp consists of two inverted repeats (IR, 26,550 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 88,098 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,759 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. A total of 90 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Peganum harmala in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Jiao
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, PR China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Si
- Security Department, Tarim University, Alar, PR China
| | - Wen-Rui Qu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, PR China
| | - Shan-He Zhang
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, PR China
| | - Tian-Ge Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
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Behairy A, Abd El-Rahman GI, Aly SSH, Fahmy EM, Abd-Elhakim YM. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111620. [PMID: 33396140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) is a widely used plasticizer and prevalent environmental contaminant. In this study, DEHA concentrations in the milk, cheese, and butter samples wrapped with food-grade commercial polyethylene films and stored at 4 °C for 30 days were detected using gas chromatographic analysis. Also, the effects of exposure to a high dose of DEHA for a long duration on the liver, brain, and heart of Wistar rats were assessed. Besides, the possible beneficial effect of Peganum harmala oil (PGO), in relieving DEHA induced adverse effects was explored. For this purpose, four groups (8 rats/group) were orally given physiological saline, PGO (320 mg/kg bwt), DEHA (2000 mg/kg bwt), or PGO + DEHA for 60 days. The results revealed that the DEHA concentrations in the tested dairy products were ordered as follows: (butter > cheese > milk). Notably, the detected levels in butter were higher than the specific migration limit in foods. DEHA induced a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acetylcholine esterase, creatine kinase-myocardium bound, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. But, significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia were evident following DEHA exposure. A significant reduction in the serum level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was recorded. Besides, a significant downregulation in hepatic CYP2E1, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cardiac troponin I gene expression was noticed. Moreover, DEHA exposure induced a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunolabeling, but Caspase-3 immunoexpression was increased. On the contrary, PGO significantly recused DEHA injurious impacts. Therefore, PGO could represent a promising agent for preventing DEHA-induced hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S H Aly
- Department of Food Engineering and Packaging Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Keihanian F, Moohebati M, Saeidinia A, Mohajeri SA, Madaeni S. Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111101. [PMID: 33338752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Natural products still serves as a hope for some illnesses which modern medicine fails to cure. Many people, either knowing their effects or not, are using these herbal products. Treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) is yet a complicated clinical challenge and there is need to improve or make new therapeutic targets. Finding new agents for CHF is an important subject in cardiovascular drug research. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ten herbals on treatment of CHF on isoproterenol-induced model. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-six male Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were used in 12 groups. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on the rats for confirmation of CHF model by decreasing ejection fraction. After 4 weeks' treatment, hearts were removed and blood samples were collected in tubes to measure plasma levels of laboratory findings. Our results showed that the mean of ejection fraction in model rats was 51.82 ± 3.49 percent and all of our used natural products could significantly increase the ejection fraction (P < 0.01). The most effective herbals in improving the ejection fraction were Allium sativum (30.69 %), Peganum harmala (26.08 %) and Apium graveolens (24.09 %). The best results in decreasing NT-ProBNP, was obtained from Allium sativum, Peganum harmala and Berberis vulgaris respectively. Our results showed that none of natural products had toxic effect on renal and liver tissues. CONCLUSION Our results showed that Allium sativum, Peganum harmala and Berberis vulgaris could significantly improve cardiac function by improvement of left ventricular remodeling, lowering hs-CRP and NT-ProBNP and echocardiographic indexes without liver or renal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Keihanian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cardiovascular Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Saeidinia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pediatric Department, Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saeid Madaeni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Madah M, Haddad S, Khazem M. Evaluation of the effect of Peganum harmala extracts on the in vitro viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes in comparison to Glucantime. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:858-863. [PMID: 33184551 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin disease that pretends with skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body. It's caused mainly by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania, such as L. tropica. Medicinal plants, which have sparked recent researches attention, consider one of the richest sources of active compounds against the Leishmania parasite including Peganum harmala. This study was conducted to investigate the antileishmanial effect of different extracts of Peganum harmala grown in Syria, particularly the methanolic extract of seeds and roots as well as its alkaloid fractions on Leishmania tropica promastigotes growth in vitro. After culturing promastigotes and incubating with extracts for 72 h, the surviving promastigotes were counted. The half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. The experiments were repeated at least three times. The in vitro experiment has demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease of parasites number caused by the extracts with an IC50 value of 18.61 ± 0.87 µg/mL and 16.41 ± 0.71 µg/mL for the methanolic extract of seeds and roots respectively. While the IC50 of the alkaloid fractions of seeds and roots were 4.97 ± 0.43 μg/mL and 9.23 ± 0.86 μg/mL respectively. There was a significant difference between all extracts and Glucantime which had IC50 = 32.62 ± 0.66 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Madah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Shaden Haddad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mays Khazem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Hajji A, Bnejdi F, Saadoun M, Ben Salem I, Nehdi I, Sbihi H, Alharthi FA, El Bok S, Boughalleb-M’Hamdi N. High Reserve in δ-Tocopherol of Peganum harmala Seeds Oil and Antifungal Activity of Oil against Ten Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194569. [PMID: 33036316 PMCID: PMC7582963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation included the chemical analysis of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) seed oil and its antifungal properties against 10 fungal species. Seed oils of six populations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The HPLC analysis indicated that P. harmala seed oil exhibited a very high level of tocopherol contents, with values in the range of 2385.66-2722.68 mg/100 g. The most abundant tocopherol isomer was δ-tocopherol (90.39%), followed by γ-tocopherol (8.08%) and α-tocopherol (1.14%). We discovered for the first time the presence of tocotrenols in P. harmala seed oils of the six populations studied. The GC-MS analyses revealed that linoleic acid was the main fatty acid (65.17%), followed by oleic acid (23.12%), palmitic acid (5.36%) and stearic acid (3.08%). We also studied the antifungal activity of seed oil of the Medenine (MD) population on ten fungal pathogens. The antifungal effects differed among pathogens and depended on oil concentrations. Seed oil of the MD population caused a significant decrease in mycelial growth of all fungi tested, with values ranging 31.50-82.11%, except for Alternaria sp., which showed no inhibition. The antifungal activity against the 10 selected fungi can be explained by the richness in tocols of the extracted oil and make P. harmala a promising crop for biological control. Furthermore, the importance of fatty acids and the wide geographic spread in Tunisia of this species make this crop a potential source of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Hajji
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fethi Bnejdi
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
| | - Mourad Saadoun
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Ibtissem Ben Salem
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
| | - Imededdine Nehdi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Hassen Sbihi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.N.); (H.S.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Safia El Bok
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology, and Climate Change Laboratory, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (F.B.); (M.S.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Naima Boughalleb-M’Hamdi
- High Institute Agronomic of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia; (I.B.S.); (N.B.-M.)
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, Al-Mana FA, El-Shafei AA. Polyphenols of Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala Leaves and Associated Biological Activities. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1086. [PMID: 32847047 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala populations growing in Saudi Arabia might be rich sources of natural compounds with important biological activities. A high performance liquid chromatography diode array revealed several polyphenols in the leaf extracts for the first time, including p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercitrin, rutoside, quercetin and trifolin in F. alnus; and hydrocaffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and cynaroside in P. harmala. F. alnus and P. harmala showed strong antioxidant effects attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. F. alnus and P. harmala leaf extracts showed cytotoxic effects against Jurkat, MCF-7, HeLa, and HT-29 cancer cells using MTT and flow cytometry assays. These activities were attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves including quercitrin, trifolin and cymaroside, as well as the activation of caspase family enzymes 2, 6, 8 and 9 in treated cancer cells compared to control. The current findings of this study include a novel comprehensive investigation on the polyphenol composition and anticancer effects of leaf extracts of F. alnus and P. harmala from natural populations in Saudi Arabia.
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Lewerenz L, Hijazin T, Abouzeid S, Hänsch R, Selmar D. Pilot study on the uptake and modification of harmaline in acceptor plants: An innovative approach to visualize the interspecific transfer of natural products. Phytochemistry 2020; 174:112362. [PMID: 32229335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substances which have been leached out from decomposing plant parts or exuded from vital plants (donor plants), are taken up by acceptor plants and subsequently modified. This phenomenon was likewise established for harmala alkaloids. Employing hydroponically grown barley seedlings, it becomes evident that harmaline and harmine are taken up by the roots of the acceptor plants. Furthermore, based on HPLC and GC-MS analyses, it was demonstrated that these alkaloids also are present in Setaria viridis plants, which grew in the direct vicinity of the alkaloid containing Peganum harmala plants. Since harmaline exhibits a bright green fluorescence, this alkaloid was employed to visualize the uptake into the acceptor plants by feeding it to roots of barley seedlings. In the further course, the imported harmaline was converted in the leaves to yield harmine, which exhibits a dark blue fluorescence. This conversion was also verified by HPLC and GC-MS analyses. Based on the massive differences in the fluorescence properties, both processes, uptake and modification in the acceptor plants, could be monitored by macroscopical studies as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopical analyses. As result, for the first time, the phenomenon of "Horizontal Natural Product Transfer" is visualized vividly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lewerenz
- TU Braunschweig, Institute for Plant Biology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tahani Hijazin
- TU Braunschweig, Institute for Plant Biology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Sara Abouzeid
- TU Braunschweig, Institute for Plant Biology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- TU Braunschweig, Institute for Plant Biology, Humboldtstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dirk Selmar
- TU Braunschweig, Institute for Plant Biology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Deng G, Li S, Cao N, Guan H, Cheng X, Wang C. Subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of long-term oral administration of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn: A 28-day study in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 238:111866. [PMID: 30970283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Peganum harmala Linn, in which the most abundant active compounds are harmaline and harmine, have been widely used as a traditional medicine in various countries to treat a broad spectrum of diseases including asthma, cough, depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, few studies on long-term or subchronic toxicity of seeds of P. harmala were reported after overdose. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of P. harmala (TAEP) after oral administration for four weeks in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of TAEP were evaluated after 28-day oral administration in rats at daily dose levels of 15, 45, and 150 mg/kg. The signs of toxicity and mortality were monitored and recorded daily. The body weight and average food consumption were measured weekly. The analyses of hematology, biochemistry, urine, relative organ weights and histopathology were conducted at the termination of treatment and recovery phase. For concomitant toxicokinetics study, the plasma toxicokinetic parameters, tissue distribution, and excretion of predominant ingredients harmaline and harmine in TAEP and metabolites harmalol and harmol were tested. RESULTS Following initial repeated exposure to high-dose (150 mg/kg/day) of TAEP excitotoxic reaction, such as tremor, was observed, but tolerated on the fourth day after multiple dosing. The significant alterations in blood glucose and lipid metabolism in liver were observed, but recovered after four weeks of drug withdrawal. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of TAEP was considered to be 45 mg/kg/day under the present study conditions. There were no significant gender differences in most indexes of subchronic toxicity throughout the experimental period with the exception of food consumption and body weight. In concomitant toxicokinetics study, the alterations of dynamic characteristic for harmaline, harmine and metabolite harmol after multiple oral administration at three doses had been observed. Harmaline, harmine and metabolites harmalol and harmol were widely distributed in organs and there was no accumulation in the tissues examined. The reduction of harmaline and metabolite harmalol in brain after multiple dosing at dose of 150 mg/kg might be closely related to the tremor tolerance. The main excretory pathway for metabolites harmalol and harmol was urinary excretion via kidney. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that TAEP at doses of 15 and 45 mg/kg/day in rats might be safe. Excitotoxic reaction such as tremor occurred initially at dose of 150 mg/kg/day, however, the toxicity was tolerant and reversible. In addition, harmaline and harmine in TAEP had a quick absorption into blood and metabolized to harmalol and harmol, and there was no drug accumulation in the detected tissues. Further studies should be investigated to clarify the mechanisms of tremor tolerance and neurotoxicity of TAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Liuhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Drug Safety Evaluation and Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Azadniya E, Morlock GE. Automated piezoelectric spraying of biological and enzymatic assays for effect-directed analysis of planar chromatograms. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:458-466. [PMID: 31153601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioanalytical questions are more and more solved by bioassays directly in situ the planar separation. If compared to chemical derivatization in situ, several reagent applications on the same chromatogram make the workflow for enzymatic and biological assays more complex. Hence, if compared to piezoelectric spraying of chemical derivatization reagents, an assay transfer to the piezoelectric spraying technique was much more challenging. Important aspects were investigated, i.e., plate pre-wetting, spraying nozzle type and applied volumes for microorganism suspension as well as enzyme and substrate-chromogenic solutions. Finally, with the newly developed piezoelectric spraying procedures for the application of biological (Aliivibrio fischeri) and enzymatic (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase) assays, several obstacles of the state-of-the-art automated immersion were avoided such as the (1) required high volumes of solutions, (2) tailing of highly water-soluble zones upon slow plate withdrawal, (3) zone distortion or shift observed after previous buffer salt applications or long/slow immersion times/speeds, (4) gradual inactivation of the enzyme solution along with its ongoing re-use, and (5) lack of covering the whole plate surface. The benchmarking of both techniques also showed that simplicity remains the key argument for immersion. As proof of concept, piezoelectrically sprayed autograms were compared with those of immersion, by taking the example of Peganum harmala (P. h.) seed extract. The plate background and thus homogeneity of the applied solutions were found to be almost comparable. Three bands among the pronounced fluorescent bands were responsible for the most antibacterial activity of P. h. seed extract in the A. fischeri bioassay and were also inhibiting the AChE. These AChE and three further BChE inhibitors were detected, whereby the AChE inhibition was twice as strong as the BChE inhibition. By their in situ HRMS spectra, the active zones in the P. h. seed extract were assigned to be the AChE-inhibiting β-carboline alkaloids, harmine, harmaline and ruine, as well as the BChE-inhibiting quinazoline alkaloids, vasicine and deoxyvasicine, and the β-carboline alkaloid harmol. For the first time, the found inhibitors were calculated equivalently to the well-known ChE-inhibitor physostigmine, and thus, piezoelectric spraying was proven to be suited for quantifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azadniya
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; TransMIT Center of Effect-Directed Analysis, Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; TransMIT Center of Effect-Directed Analysis, Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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Wei Y, Ma T, Wang H, Xing J, Wang Y, Gu Z, Mu D, Yin Q, Cheng X, Wang C. Extracts of compound Muniziqi granule suppressed uterus contraction and ameliorated oxytocin-induced primary dysmenorrhea. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 223:33-40. [PMID: 29783015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Muniziqi granule (CMG) is usually used as a traditional Uighur medicine to treat acne, chloasma, skin inflammation, primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), and menopausal syndrome. However, there are no sufficient data to support the clinic uses of CMG in PDM. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to examine the effect of CMG as a treatment for PDM and reveal its possible therapeutic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo and in vitro mouse PDM models were utilized in this study. The mouse uterine contraction was induced by oxytocin after progynova or estradiol benzoate pretreatment. CMG, alkaloid extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala (AEP), and 10% and 95% ethanol extracts from seeds of Nigella glandulifera (EEN10 and EEN95) were given to mice in three doses by gavage. The writhing times within 30 min after oxytocin treatment were recorded to evaluate the analgesic effect, and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-k-PGF1α), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in uterine tissues and PGF2α and MDA in serum were determined. The effects (contractile curve) of CMG, AEP, EEN10, and EEN95 on uterus contraction induced by oxytocin in isolated mouse uterus were recorded. RESULTS In contrast to the control group, CMG, AEP, N10, and N95 could display analgesic activities dose dependently by reducing the writhing response of the PDM model mice. CMG, AEP, EEN10, and EEN95 could also remarkably decrease the level of PGF2α, 6-k-PGF1α, TXB2, NO and MDA in uterine tissues and PGF2α and MDA in serum, whereas the activity of GSH-Px in uterine tissues was increased. Furthermore, CMG, AEP, EEN10, and EEN95 could significantly inhibit the frequency and amplitude of isolated uterus induced by oxytocin in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS CMG exhibited a significant protective effect on experimental PDM. The mechanisms are probably associated with abating lipid peroxidation and over-inflammatory reaction, and alleviating the contraction of isolated mouse uterus. The seeds of P. harmala and N. glandulifera in the CMG may play an important role in exerting protective effects on PDM. This study provides pre-clinic proof to the use of CMG in clinical practice of PDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingyun Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianguo Xing
- The Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyi Gu
- The Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, China
| | - Dandan Mu
- Xinjiang Uighur Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Xinjiang Uighur Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, China.
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Panahi Y, Saadat A, Seifi M, Rajaee M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effects of Spinal-Z in Patients with Gastroesophageal Cancer. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:26-34. [PMID: 30151302 PMCID: PMC6054077 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of spinal-Z, derived from Peganum harmala seeds and Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss leaves, in patients with esophageal and stomach adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Methods Sixty-one patients with malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract were randomly assigned to one of two groups (treatment or control) in a double-blind fashion. Six capsules of Spinal-Z were prescribed to the patients with the regimen of 600 mg/m2/day, and placebo to the control group, for six months. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, duration of cancer, type of cancer and family history of cancer. There were significant differences in abdominal pain, heartburn, constipation and vomiting between the two groups, following spinal-Z therapy. Evaluation of drug side effects showed no difference in cough or other respiratory symptoms, itching, headache or dizziness between the two groups, both before and after treatment. Conclusion This study indicates that Spinal-Z is safe and efficacious in the management of patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, School of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Saadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Seifi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, School of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rajaee
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Life Sciences Research Division, Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang KB, Hu X, Li SG, Li XY, Li DH, Bai J, Pei YH, Li ZL, Hua HM. Racemic indole alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala. Fitoterapia 2018; 125:155-160. [PMID: 29355750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Five pairs of new 2-oxoindole alkaloids, (±)-peganumalines A-E (1-5), and a new indole alkaloid, peganumaline F (6), along with two known analogues, were isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemistry calculations. Notably, (±)-peganumalines A (1) represent a pair of rare 2-oxoindole dimeric alkaloid enantiomer with the hitherto unknown carbon skeleton. All isolates were tested for antiproliferative and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Da-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhan-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Benzekri R, Bouslama L, Papetti A, Hammami M, Smaoui A, Limam F. Anti HSV-2 activity of Peganum harmala (L.) and isolation of the active compound. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:291-8. [PMID: 29223449 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir (ACV) are the usual therapy for treating HSV infection. However, the overuse of this drug has led to the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, the search for new alternative or complementary molecules to overcome this obstacle is needed. In this objective, Peganum harmala was investigated for its HSV-2 activity. The organic extracts of the different plant organs were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on Vero cells by the MTT test and anti HSV-2 activity by plaque reduction assay. Only the methanol seeds extract was active with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and a selectivity index (SI) of 161 and 13.2 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the study of the antiviral mode of action revealed that this extract exerts a virucidal action both during the entry of viruses and the release of the newly formed virions, whereas no cell protection effect was observed. The active compound was isolated by bio-guided purification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and identified by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn as harmine. The combination of harmine standard compound with ACV showed a combination index (CI) of 0.5 indicating that these two compounds have a synergic effect. This data suggests that harmine could be associated to ACV to improve the treatment of genital herpes essentially for the immunocompromised patients.
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El-Bakatoushi R, Ahmed DGA. Evaluation of genetic diversity in wild populations of Peganum harmala L., a medicinal plant. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 16:143-151. [PMID: 30647716 PMCID: PMC6296603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant and can be a future drug due to its wide medicinal purposes. Despite its economic importance, the molecular genetics of P. harmal have not yet been studied in detail. Genetic diversity of 12 P. harmala genotypes were investigated by using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), PCR-RFLP of rDNA-ITS, PCR-SSCP of rDNA-ITS and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The level of polymorphism revealed by ITS-SSCP is the lowest, followed by ITS-RFLP then ISSR and the highest polymorphism level was reported for SSR marker. The AMOVA analysis implied that most of the variation occurred within the Populations. A value of inbreeding coefficient Fis estimated by the three co-dominant markers was nearly equal and offer an indication of the partial out-crossing reproductive system of P. harmala. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCOA) plot revealed a clear pattern of clustering based on the locations of collected plants which coincide with the isolation by distance. The study revealed that ITS-SSCP and ISSR markers respectively were more informative than the other used markers in the assessment of genetic diversity of P. harmala. The results reflect the great diversity of P. harmala and data obtained from this study can be used for future collecting missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya El-Bakatoushi
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia Gamil Aseel Ahmed
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Land Cultivation and Research Institute (ALCRI) Department, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Egypt
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Liu W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Qi S, Wang Y, Ma C, Li S, Jiang B, Cheng X, Wang Z, Xuan Z, Wang C. Anti-amnesic effect of extract and alkaloid fraction from aerial parts of Peganum harmala on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 204:95-106. [PMID: 28442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn (APP) is used as traditional medical herb for treatment of forgetfulness in Uighur medicine in China. But, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the improvement effects of extract and alkaloid fraction from APP on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action, and to support its folk use with scientific evidence, and lay a foundation for its further researches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of extract (EXT), alkaloid fraction (ALK) and flavonoid fraction (FLA) from APP were evaluated in normal male C57BL/6 mice. The anti-amnesic effects of EXT and ALK from APP were measured in scopolamine-induced memory deficits mice by the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The levels of biomarkers, enzyme activity and protein expression of cholinergic system were determined in brain tissues. RESULTS The AChE activity was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly increased in normal mice cortex and hippocampus by treatment with donepezil at dosage of 8mg/kg, EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), and the AChE activity and the content of ACh were not significantly changed in cortex and hippocampus after treatment with FLA at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P>0.05). In the MWM task, scopolamine-induced a decrease in both the swimming time within the target zone and the number of crossings where the platform had been placed were significantly reversed by treatment with EXT at dosages of 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05). Moreover, the activity and protein expression of AChE was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter ACh was significantly increased in cerebral cortex of scopolamine-induced mice by treatment with EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), compared with scopolamine-treated group. CONCLUSIONS EXT and ALK from APP exert beneficial effect on learning and memory processes in mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. APP is an effective traditional folk medicine and the ALK fraction is proved to be the main effective components for the treatment of forgetfulness. The ALK may be valuable source for lead compounds discovery and drug development for treatment of memory impairment such as in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Suzhou Youseen New Drug R&D Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Shirani-Boroujeni M, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Keivani Hafshejani Z. Impact of oral capsule of Peganum harmala on alleviating urinary symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia; a randomized clinical trial. J Renal Inj Prev 2016; 6:127-131. [PMID: 28497089 PMCID: PMC5423280 DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered as a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older men and its most common sign is nocturia.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of the seeds of Peganum harmala compared with tamsulosin on alleviating urinary symptoms in patients with BPH.
Patients and Methods: In this single blind clinical trial study, 90 patients diagnosed with BPH and LUTS, based on international prostate standard survey (IPSS) were divided into three groups. The first group was received oral capsule of P. harmala, the second group was administered tamsulosin with oral P. harmala seed and the third group was received tamsulosin drug and they were evaluated after 4 weeks.
Results: The results showed that the difference between mean scores of IPSS was significant after the intervention (P=0.001). Besides, the mean of IPSS in the three groups was significantly different (P=0.001) (the first group 41.9±5.3, the second group 21.0±4.4 ,the third group 16.5±3.7 respectively). However, after the intervention, patients in the second group had the lowest average on most indicators of IPSS but the difference was only significant about urinary frequency, nocturia and intermittency(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Application of Peganum harmala seed can be useful in reducing urinary symptoms in patients with BPH.
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Apostolico I, Aliberti L, Caputo L, De Feo V, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, Souza LF, Khadhr M. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Phytotoxic Activities of Peganum harmala Seed Essential Oils from Five Different Localities in Northern Africa. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091235. [PMID: 27649128 PMCID: PMC6273081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala L., also known as Syrian rue or Pègano, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Zygohpyllaceae family, and is widely used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of essential oils of P. harmala seeds from five different regions of Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia) was studied by GC and GC-MS analyses. A total of 105 compounds were identified, the main components being oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Eugenol is the main component in all oils. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assayed against some bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 25693), Bacillus cereus (DSM 4313), Bacillus cereus (DSM4384), Escherichia coli (DMS 857) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 50071). All the oils showed different inhibitory activity. In the twentieth century this is an important result; we need possible new botanical drugs because the problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs has become apparent. Moreover, the essential oils were evaluated for their possible in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., and Ruta graveolens L. The results showed that both germination and radical elongation were sensitive to the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Apostolico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Luigi Aliberti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Lucèia Fàtima Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
- Post-doctoral by National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, (CNPq/Brazil), 70000-000 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Maroua Khadhr
- Unité de Recherche de Biochimie des Lipides et Principes Actifs des Plantes, 2092 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia.
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Moazeni M, Saadaty Ardakani ZS, Saharkhiz MJ, Jalaei J, Khademolhoseini AA, Shams Esfand Abad S, Mootabi Alavi A. In vitro ovicidal activity of Peganum harmala seeds extract on the eggs of Fasciola hepatica. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:467-472. [PMID: 28615861 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala seeds extract has been previously reported to have antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ovicidal activity of the methanolic extract of P. harmala seeds against the eggs of F. hepatica. The phenolic compounds of the methanolic extract of P. harmala seeds were identified by HPLC analysis. Catechin, rutin, p-Coumaric acid, chloregenic acid and hesperetin were found to be the major phenolic compounds. F. hepatica eggs were collected from the gall bladder of naturally infected sheep. The eggs were exposed to two concentrations of P. harmala seeds extract (1 and 3 mg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. To investigate the effect of the P. harmala seeds extract on the miracidial formation, the treated eggs were incubated at 28 °C for 14 days. The results indicated that F. hepatica eggs were susceptible to the methanolic extract of P. harmala seeds. Following 24 h exposure of the eggs to P. harmala seeds extract with concentrations of 1 and 3 mg/mL, the miracidial formation reduced to 5 and 2.2 % respectively (compared with 60 % for the control group). Following 48 h of exposure of the eggs to P. harmala seeds extract with 1 mg/mL concentration, the miracidial formation reduced to 0.5 %. In this exposure time, no miracidial formation was observed in the eggs exposed to P. harmala seeds extract with concentration of 3 mg/mL. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that P. harmala seeds extract has high ovicidal activity against the eggs of F. hepatica. Accordingly, this extract may have the potential flukicidal activity against the immature and mature F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731 Iran
| | | | | | - Jafar Jalaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shahab Shams Esfand Abad
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731 Iran
| | - Amir Mootabi Alavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731 Iran
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Tascón M, Benavente F, Vizioli NM, Gagliardi LG. A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum Harmala seed infusions. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:596-602. [PMID: 27377797 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The β-carboline alkaloids of the harmala (HAlks) group are compounds widely spread in many natural sources, but found at relatively high levels in some specific plants like Peganum harmala (Syrian rue) or Banisteriopsis caapi. HAlks are a reversible Mono Amino Oxidase type A Inhibitor (MAOI) and, as a consequence, these plants or their extracts can be used to produce psychotropic effects when are combined with psychotropic drugs based on amino groups. Since the occurrence and the levels of the HAlks in natural sources are subject to significant variability, more widespread use is not clinical but recreational or ritual, for example B. caapi is a known part of the Ayahuasca ritual mixture. The lack of simple methods to control the variable levels of these compounds in natural sources restricts the possibilities to dose in strict quantities and, as a consequence, limits its use with pharmacological or clinical purposes. In this work, we present a fast, simple, and robust method of quantifying simultaneously the six HAlks more frequently found in plants, i.e., harmine, harmaline, harmol, harmalol, harmane, and norharmane, by capillary electrophoresis instruments equipped with the more common detector UV. The method is applied to analyze these HAlks in P. Harmala seeds infusion which is a frequent intake form for these HAlks. The method is validated in three different instruments in order to evaluate the transferability and to compare the performances between them. In this case, harmaline, harmine, and harmol were found in the infusion samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascón
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA and División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La PlataLaboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA and División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, B1900AJL, Argentina
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, INSA-UB, Universidad de Barcelona, España
| | - Nora M Vizioli
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA and División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La PlataLaboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA and División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, B1900AJL, Argentina
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Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a traditional Chinese and Uygur medicine used to treat cancer. Bioactivity-guided fractionation was applied to determine the cytotoxic constituents from P. harmala. A novel triterpenoid and a phenolic glycoside were isolated and identified, as well as seven known compounds. The novel metabolites were elucidated to be 3α-acetoxy-27-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (1, OA) and N-acetyl-9-syringinoside (9). Some compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cells. Among them, OA showed the highest cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells A549 with an IC50 value of 8.03 ± 0.81 μm. OA had a potent anti-NSCLC cell activity by interfering with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and its downstream signaling, and could exert an antiproliferative effect by inactivation of EGFR-driven antiapoptotic pathway followed by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which might prove to be a promising leading compound for the development of an anti-lung cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Shoaib M, Shah SWA, Ali N, Shah I, Ullah S, Ghias M, Tahir MN, Gul F, Akhtar S, Ullah A, Akbar W, Ullah A. Scientific investigation of crude alkaloids from medicinal plants for the management of pain. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:178. [PMID: 27296395 PMCID: PMC4906632 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue damage is associated with pain, which is an alarming sign. Aspirin and morphine have been widely used in recent decades for management of pain. Medicinal herbs have been in use for treatment of different diseases for centuries. Many of these herbs possess analgesic activity with relatively less incidences of adverse effects. The strong positive correlation of alkaloids in medicinal plants for analgesic activity persuades an intention to determine possible analgesic activity of total alkaloids extracted from the selected medicinal plants using animal models to answer its possible mechanisms. METHODS Crude alkaloids from selected medicinal plants (Woodfordia fruticosa, Adhatoda vasica, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Vitex negundo, Peganum harmala and Broussonetia papyrifera) were extracted as per reported literature. The test crude alkaloids were screened foracute toxicity study. Writhings induced by acetic acid, tail immersion method and formalin-induced nociception assay procedures were used for possible analgesic effects of the crude alkaloids. RESULTS Crude alkaloids were safe up to dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight in mice. The alkaloids significantly reduced the abdominal constrictions, and increased the time for paw licking response in both phases with a significant raise in latency time in nociception models (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the antinociceptive response was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone suggesting involvement of the opioid receptors for possible antinociceptive action. CONCLUSIONS Crude alkaloids of Woodfordia fruticosa and Peganum harmala showed prominent analgesic potentials through inhibition of peripheral as well as central nervous system mechanisms. Further work is required for isolation of the pharmacologically active constituents.
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Aboualigalehdari E, Sadeghifard N, Taherikalani M, Zargoush Z, Tahmasebi Z, Badakhsh B, Rostamzad A, Ghafourian S, Pakzad I. Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum harmala against Candida albicans. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016; 7:116-8. [PMID: 27169010 PMCID: PMC4850400 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vaginitis still remains as a health issue in women. It is notable that Candida albicans producing biofilm is considered a microorganism responsible for vaginitis with hard to treat. Also, Peganum harmala was applied as an anti fungal in treatment for many infections in Iran. Therefore, this study goal to investigate the role of P. harmala in inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans. Methods So, 27 C. albicans collected from women with Vaginitis, then subjected for biofilm formation assay. P. harmala was applied as antibiofilm formation in C. albicans. Results Our results demonstrated that P. harmala in concentration of 12 μg/ml easily inhibited strong biofilm formation; while the concentrations of 10 and 6 μg/ml inhibited biofilm formation in moderate and weak biofilm formation C. albicans strains, respectively. Conclusion Hence, the current study presented P. harmala as antibiofilm herbal medicine for C. albicans; but in vivo study suggested to be performed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Morovat Taherikalani
- Research Center & Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zaynab Zargoush
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Tahmasebi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behzad Badakhsh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamzad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Corresponding authors.
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Rezaei M, Nasri S, Roughani M, Niknami Z, Ziai SA. Peganum Harmala L. Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Symptoms in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats. Iran J Pharm Res 2016; 15:275-81. [PMID: 27610168 PMCID: PMC4986102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. There are many documents about the effects of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease etiology. Angiotensin II activates NADPH dependent oxidases and causes superoxides formation. Peganum harmala L. extract, which has angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effect, is considered to evaluate oxidative stress inhibition and Parkinson's disease improvement. Male rats weighting 200-250 g were divided into 5 groups: Control, Neurotoxin (injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into left hemisphere substantia nigra), Peganum harmala's seeds aqueous extract (10 mg/kg) and captopril (5 mg/kg). Peganum harmala and captopril were injected intraperitonealy -144, -120, -96, -72, -48, -24, -2, 4 and 24 h relative to 6-hydroxydopamine injection time. Muscle stiffness, apomorphine induced unilateral rotation, amount of brain's protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, ACE activity and histology of substantia nigra were assayed in all groups. Peganum harmala improved Muscle stiffness and one-direction rotation behavior significantly. It also reduced brain's lipid and protein oxidation levels in neurotoxin-injected rats significantly. In Peganum harmala group compared to control group, brain's ACE activity was significantly inhibited. In histological study, Peganum harmala prevented degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, too. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Peganum harmala could prevent symptoms and reduced oxidative stress markers in rats with Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran.
| | - Sima Nasri
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Roughani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Niknami
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, E-mail:
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, He X. Cytotoxic indole alkaloids against human leukemia cell lines from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4507-18. [PMID: 26540074 PMCID: PMC4663518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation was used to determine the cytotoxic alkaloids from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Two novel indole alkaloids, together with ten known ones, were isolated and identified. The novel alkaloids were elucidated to be 2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-hydroxy-3-(N-acetyl-2-aminoethyl)-6-methoxyindol-2-one (3). The cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells was assayed for the alkaloids and some of them showed potent activity. Harmalacidine (compound 8, HMC) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against U-937 cells with IC50 value of 3.1 ± 0.2 μmol/L. The cytotoxic mechanism of HMC was targeting the mitochondrial and protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathways (PTKs-Ras/Raf/ERK). The results strongly demonstrated that the alkaloids from Peganum harmala could be a promising candidate for the therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Yang Y, Cheng X, Liu W, Chou G, Wang Z, Wang C. Potent AChE and BChE inhibitors isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn by a bioassay-guided fractionation. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 168:279-86. [PMID: 25862961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds of Peganum harmala Linn are traditionally used as folk medical herb in Uighur medicine in China to treat disorders of hemiplegia and amnesia. Previously studies have proved that dominating alkaloids in P. harmala show significant inhibitory activities on the cholinesterase. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study is to isolate trace ingredients from seeds of P. harmala and evaluate its inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). MATERIALS AND METHODS For sake of screening effective cholinesterase inhibitors, trace compounds were isolated from seeds of P. harmala through a bioassay-guided fractionation and their structures were determined via detailed spectral analysis. The inhibitory activities on AChE and BChE were assessed using an improved Ellman method by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS to determine the common final product choline. RESULTS The activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new alkaloids 2-aldehyde-tetrahydroharmine (10), 2-carboxyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (19), one syringin structure analog 1-O-β-D-xylopyranose sinapyl alcohol (22), and along with 19 known compounds. Compounds acetylnorharmine (6), harmic acid methy ester (7), harmine N-oxide (13), 6-methoxyindoline (14), syringin (21) were first found from genus Peganum and compounds 3-hydroxylated harmine (4), 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-β-carboline (5) were new natural products. The results showed that the 2-aldehyde-tetrahydroharmine (10) has a potential inbibitive effect on both AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 12.35 ± 0.24 and 5.51 ± 0.33 µM, respectively. Deoxyvasicine (15) and vasicine (16) showed the strongest BChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.1 ± 0.01 µM. The analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the saturation of pyridine ring and the presence of substitution at indole ring, C-1, C-3, C-7 and N-2, for β-carbolines, were essential for effective inhibition of both AChE and BChE and the five-membered ring between C-2 and N-3 as well as the substituent groups sited at C-4 and C-9, for quinazolines, were important to both the AChE/BChE-inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS Bioassay-guided fractionation has led to the isolation of AChE and BChE inhibitors from the seeds of P. harmala. These results are in agreement with the traditional uses of the seeds of P. harmala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guixin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Peganum harmala seeds extract (CPH) against chronic ethanol treatment. Hepatotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by administrating ethanol 35% (4 g/kg/day) for 6 weeks. CPH was co-administered with ethanol, by intraperitonial (IP) injection, at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day. Control rats were injected by saline solution (NaCl 9‰). Chronic ethanol administration intensified lipid peroxidation monitored by an increase of TBARS level in liver. Ethanol treatment caused also a drastic alteration in antioxidant defence system; hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. A co-administration of CPH during ethanol treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidants activities. However, treatment with P. harmala extract protects efficiently the hepatic function of alcoholic rats by the considerable decrease of aminotransferase contents in serum of ethanol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeddine Bourogaa
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax , PB 1171 , 3000 Sfax Tunisie and
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Abstract
A phytochemical study on the methanol extracts from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. led to a new quizonaline alkaloid (S)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and four known ones, (R)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (S)-vasicinone (3), vasicine (4), and deoxyvasicinone (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and specific rotation as well as by comparison of the data with those in the literature. All of the alkaloids were screened for antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer cells MCG-803 with MTT method. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
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Moussa TA, Almaghrabi OA. Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:397-403. [PMID: 27081366 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid contents of the Peganum harmala plant as a result of hexane extraction were analyzed using GC–MS. The saturated fatty acid composition of the harmal plant was tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, tridecanoic, hexadecanoic, heptadecanoic and octadecanoic acids, while the saturated fatty acid derivatives were 12-methyl tetradecanoic, 5,9,13-trimethyl tetradecanoic and 2-methyl octadecanoic acids. The most abundant fatty acid was hexadecanoic with concentration 48.13% followed by octadecanoic with concentration 13.80%. There are four unsaturated fatty acids called (E)-9-dodecenoic, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic. The most abundant unsaturated fatty acid was (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic with concentration 14.79% followed by (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic with concentration 10.61%. Also, there are eight non-fatty acid compounds 1-octadecene, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, (E)-15-heptadecenal, oxacyclohexadecan-2 one, 1,2,2,6,8-pentamethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-8-en-10-one, hexadecane-1,2-diol, n-heneicosane and eicosan-3-ol.
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Patel K, Gadewar M, Tripathi R, Prasad SK, Patel DK. A review on medicinal importance, pharmacological activity and bioanalytical aspects of beta-carboline alkaloid ''Harmine''. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:660-4. [PMID: 23569990 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine, a beta-carboline alkaloid, is widely distributed in the plants, marine creatures, insects, mammalians as well as in human tissues and body fluids. Harmine was originally isolated from seeds of Peganum harmal in 1847 having a core indole structure and a pyridine ring. Harmine has various types of pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, antioxidaant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and hallucinogenic properties. It acts on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and monoamine oxidase A or B receptor, enhances insulin sensitivity and also produces vasorelaxant effect. Harmine prevents bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis. The current review gives an overview on pharmacological activity and analytical techniques of harmine, which may be useful for researcheres to explore the hidden potential of harmine and and will also help in developing new drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patel
- G.L.A Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Mathura, India
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Khoshzaban F, Ghaffarifar F, Jamshidi Koohsari HR. Peganum harmala Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts Effects on Lesions Caused by Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in BALB/c Mice. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e10992. [PMID: 25368792 PMCID: PMC4216572 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is one of the six most common parasitic infections in the tropical regions. There are different therapeutic modalities, however therapeutic resistance is developed and resulted in numerous problems. Therefore, evaluation of other therapeutic modalities is performed extensively. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to compare the therapeutic response of cutaneous leishmaniasis with Glucantime and Peganum harmala extracts (aqueous and ethanol) in the animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic response of Leishmania major to Glucantime and P. harmala extracts (aqueous and ethanol) in animal model was studied in BALB/c mice. These mice were divided into four groups according to receiving either one of these three agents, and the control group. The therapeutic response was evaluated according to the parasitic load before and after treatment and also with measuring the size of the lesions. RESULTS The results showed that ethanol extract of P. harmala had good therapeutic efficacy in treatment of lesions in mice (P < 0.05), and the efficacy was significant in the eighth week after the treatment. There was also a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the parasitic load (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to the current study results, it may be concluded that ethanol extract of P. harmala is efficient in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and the efficiency is comparable with that of Glucantime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khoshzaban
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fariba Khoshzaban, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +982188964792, Fax: +982188966310, E-mail:
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Bensalem S, Soubhye J, Aldib I, Bournine L, Nguyen AT, Vanhaeverbeek M, Rousseau A, Boudjeltia KZ, Sarakbi A, Kauffmann JM, Nève J, Prévost M, Stévigny C, Maiza-Benabdesselam F, Bedjou F, Van Antwerpen P, Duez P. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity by the alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:361-369. [PMID: 24746482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds and aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. are widely used in Algeria as anti-inflammatory remedies. Evaluation of Peganum harmala total alkaloids extracts and pure β-carboline compounds as an anti-inflammatory treatment by the inhibition of an enzyme key of inflammatory, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and HPLC quantification of the alkaloids from the different parts of plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS MPO inhibition was tested using taurine chloramine test. The inhibition of LDL oxidation induced by MPO was carried out. The molecular docking analysis of Peganum harmala alkaloids on MPO was performed using the Glide XP docking protocol and scoring function and the redox potential of alkaloids was determined using an Epsilon potentiostat. The concentration of harmala alkaloids was determined using HPLC analysis. RESULTS The HPLC profiling of the active total alkaloids indicates that β-carboline e.g. harmine, harmaline, harmane, harmol and harmalol are major components. As β-carbolines resemble tryptamine, of which derivatives are efficient inhibitors of MPO, the harmala alkaloids were tested for their activity on this enzyme. Total alkaloids of the seeds and of the aerial parts strongly inhibited MPO at 20µg/mL (97±5% and 43±4%, respectively) whereas, at the same concentration, those of the roots showed very low inhibition (15±6%). Harmine, harmaline and harmane demonstrated a significant inhibition of MPO at IC50 of 0.26, 0.08 and 0.72µM respectively. These alkaloids exerted a similar inhibition effects on MPO-induced LDL oxidation. Molecular docking analysis of Peganum harmala alkaloids on MPO showed that all active Peganum harmala alkaloids have a high affinity on the active site of MPO (predicted free energies of binding up to -3.1kcal/mol). Measurement of redox potentials versus the normal hydrogen electrode clearly differentiated (i) the high MPO inhibitory activity of harmine, harmaline and harmane (+1014, 1014 and 1003mV, respectively); and (ii) the low activity of harmalol and harmol (+629/778 and 532/644mV, respectively). A reverse phase HPLC method has been developed to determine simultaneously five alkaloids of Peganum harmala. Seeds contained all five β-carboline derivatives with the main active alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, being up to 3.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Up to 3.2% of harmine was determined in the roots. The four β-carboline derivatives, harmine, harmaline, harmane and harmalol were identified in the aerial parts. The highest inhibitory effect observed in seeds and the moderate effect of aerial parts could be explained by their harmine and harmaline content. In contrast, the very weak inhibition of the root extract, despite the presence of harmine, may tentatively be explained by the high concentration of harmol which can reduce Compound II of MPO to the native form. CONCLUSION The inhibition of MPO by Peganum harmala β-carboline alkaloids, herein reported for the first time, may explain the anti-inflammatory effect traditionally attributed to its herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Bensalem
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie; Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
| | - Iyas Aldib
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Lamine Bournine
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Anh Tho Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratoire de Médicine Expérimentale, CHU Charleroi, A. Vesale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgique
| | - Ahmad Sarakbi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Instrumentale et Bioélectrochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Jean Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Instrumentale et Bioélectrochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Martine Prévost
- Laboratoire de Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Fadila Maiza-Benabdesselam
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Bedjou
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique; Plateforme Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
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Singh VK, Mishra V, Tiwari S, Khaliq T, Barthwal MK, Pandey HP, Palit G, Narender T. Anti-secretory and cyto-protective effects of peganine hydrochloride isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala on gastric ulcers. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1180-1185. [PMID: 23880327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastroprotective mechanism of peganine hydrochloride isolated from Peganum harmala seeds was investigated. Peganine hydrochloride was evaluated against cold restraint (CRU), aspirin (AS), alcohol (AL) and pyloric ligation (PL) induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Potential anti-ulcer activity of peganine was observed against CRU (50.0%), AS (58.5%), AL (89.41%) and PL (62.50%) induced ulcer models. The reference drug omeprazole (10mg/kg, p.o.) showed 77.45% protection against CRU, 49.97% against AS and 69.42% against PL model. Sucralfate, another reference drug (500mg/kg, p.o.) showed 62.50% protection in AL induced ulcer model. Peganine significantly reduced free acidity (33.38%), total acidity (38.09%) and upregulated mucin secretion by 67.91%, respectively. Further, peagnine significantly inhibited H(+) K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro with IC50 of 73.47μg/ml as compared to the IC50 value of omeprazole (30.24μg/ml) confirming its anti-secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India
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Khan FA, Maalik A, Iqbal Z, Malik I. Recent pharmacological developments in β-carboline alkaloid "harmaline". Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:391-4. [PMID: 23707188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala (L) is a perennial plant which is native of eastern Iranian and west of India but also found in different regions of western USA. A number of β-carboline compounds with therapeutic importance and different pharmacological effects, are present in this plant. Among other alkaloids, such as, harmine, harmalol and vasicine, isolated from various parts of the plant, harmaline is considered as most valuable with reference to its medicinal importance. Harmaline has been extensively studied in last decade and known to exert multiple pharmacological effects including antileishmanial, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, antiplasmodial, antitumoral, hypothermic and vasorelaxant activity. The proposed work is intended to highlight the recent pharmacological aspects of β-carboline alkaloid "harmaline".
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan.
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Moshiri M, Etemad L, Javidi S, Alizadeh A. Peganum harmala intoxication, a case report. Avicenna J Phytomed 2013; 3:288-92. [PMID: 25050285 PMCID: PMC4075715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peganum harmala (P. harmala), "Espand" in Persian, has small seeds and has been used in traditional medicine as emmenagogue and an abortifacient. It has various pharmacological effects such as antifungal, antibacterial, hypothermic, anticancer, antinociceptive, and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibition. CASE DETAILS This case was a 45 years old woman who ingested about 50 grams seed of P. harmala for hypermenorrhae. She suffered nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tremor, ataxia, and confusion. On physical examination, she had hypotension (BP=90/60 mmHg) with normal heart rate (60 beat/min) and impaired knee to heel test. Her consciousness was reduced without any hallucination. Her laboratory test was normal. She was discharged at good condition 18 hours later. CONCLUSION In conclusion, physicians working in Iran and other regions that P. harmala is prescribed or used illegally, should know signs and symptoms of its toxicity in order to be able to deal with the emergencies, however, prognosis of these toxicity is not bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshiri
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, I. R. Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, I. R. Iran
| | - Soheila Javidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, I. R. Iran
| | - Anahita Alizadeh
- Pediatrician-Toxicology Fellowship of Toxicology ward of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, I. R. Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +985118688864; Fax: +985118591057 ,E-mail:
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Darabpour E, Poshtkouhian Bavi A, Motamedi H, Seyyed Nejad SM. Antibacterial activity of different parts of Peganum harmala L. growing in Iran against multi-drug resistant bacteria. EXCLI J 2011; 10:252-263. [PMID: 29033706 PMCID: PMC5611620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of the most famous medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iran. The aim of this study was to consider antibacterial effects of the methanolic extract of different parts of P. harmala including root, stem, leaf, flower and seed against some important human pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial properties of methanolic extract of mentioned parts were assessed by disc diffusion method. Active extract was fractioned using Thin Layer Chromatography; also their synergism activity in combination with synthetic antibiotic was evaluated. Among the evaluated parts of P. harmala, the root and seed extracts presented antibacterial activity against all of tested bacteria even at the lowest concentration. Antibacterial effect of leaf part was moderate while stem and flower extracts showed relatively poor activity. Antibacterial activity of root extract against most of the tested Gram positive bacteria was better than seed extract. Tested against Gram negative bacteria the obtained results were inconsistent. MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) values for both extracts against MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and for seed extract against E. coli and S. typhi were equal (0.625 mg/ml). TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) results revealed that seed and root extracts were different in terms of nature and content of their constituents. Furthermore, these two extracts showed an excellent stability to temperature and pH treatment. Also, the seed and root extracts showed synergism in combination with novobiocin, colistin and carbenicillin. In conclusion, P. harmala can be assigned as a source of antibacterial compounds for treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Darabpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Ebrahimi SA, Ourmazdi H, Selseleh M, Karjalian M, Haj-Hassani G, Alimohammadian MH, Mahmoudian M, Shafiei M. In vitro and in vivo activities of Peganum harmala extract against Leishmania major. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16:1032-9. [PMID: 22279479 PMCID: PMC3263080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities of crude hydroalcoholic extract of peganum harmala seeds were investigated against Leishmania major. METHODS The extract of aerial parts of P harmala was obtained by maceration. The in vitro experiments were performed on promastigotes to assess antileishmanial activity of the extract using amphotericin B as a reference. The in vivo studies were carried out on cutaneous leishmaniasis in outbred mice to evaluate the effects of topical application of the ointment-based extract. RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed a concentration-dependent decrease of parasites number caused by the extract with an IC50 value of 59.4 μg/ml. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant post-treatment decrease in the lesion size and parasite count in infected animals, compared to placebo and control groups. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the crude extract demonstrated the existence of harmaline and harmine as beta-carboline alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS P harmala seeds extract showed significant in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities. Most biological activity of the extract could be attributed to its beta-carboline content. However, another alkaloid of P harmala seeds extract, peganine, has also been reported to have antileishmanial activity. These beneficial effects can be attributed to the cumulative effects of various biologically active components present in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soltan Ahmed Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hourmazd Ourmazdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monawar Selseleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Karjalian
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Haj-Hassani
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Mahmoudian
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoumeh Shafiei
- Department of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Corresponding Author: Massoumeh Shafiei E-mail:
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Singh AB, Chaturvedi JP, Narender T, Srivastava AK. Preliminary studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Peganum harmala L. Seeds ethanol extract on normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2008; 23:391-3. [PMID: 23105794 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-008-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of variety of human ailments, including antidepression, hallucination, antileishmaniasis etc. We report for first time the hypoglycemic activity of the ethanolic extract of this plant at two dose levels of 150 and 250mg/kg bw in sucrose challenged normal as well as in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. The oral administration of ethanolic extract causes maximum fall of blood glucose level to 22.9% (p<0.05) and 29.4% (p<0.01) respectively with the two doses in normal and 30.3% (p<0.01) and 48.4% (p<0.001) in diabetic rats. The standard drug metformin treated group showed 28.0% (p<0.01) and 45.5% (p<0.001) respectively in normal and diabetic rats. The above results show that the ethanolic extract of P. harmala is as effective as metformin in reducing the blood glucose levels of normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 India
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