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Mirzaie A, Shiri L, Kazemi M, Sadeghifard N, Kaviar VH. Nanomagnetic CoFe 2O 4@SiO 2-EA-H 3PO 4 as a zwitterionic catalyst for the synthesis of bioactive pyrazolopyranopyrimidines and dihydropyrano[2,3- c]pyrazoles. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:1227-1240. [PMID: 38356634 PMCID: PMC10863708 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00900a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the development of a phosphoric acid-based zwitterionic catalyst immobilized on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles [CoFe2O4@SiO2-EA-H3PO4]. The structure of the nanocatalyst CoFe2O4@SiO2-EA-H3PO4 was identified by applying several spectroscopic techniques, i.e. FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, elemental Mapping, VSM, TGA, and BET techniques. The catalytic efficiency of CoFe2O4@SiO2-EA-H3PO4 was evaluated in the water-based multicomponent synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine and dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. Subsequently, an exploration of the antibacterial properties of the compounds was conducted. The catalytic system offers several advantages, encompassing high efficiency, brief reaction duration, uncomplicated operation, and facile recycling of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ilam University P. O. Box 69315-516 Ilam Iran
| | - Lotfi Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ilam University P. O. Box 69315-516 Ilam Iran
| | - Mosstafa Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ilam University P. O. Box 69315-516 Ilam Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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Etemad A, Kalani BS, Ghafourian S, Khodaei N, Davari M, Sadeghifard N. GNAT toxin may have a potential role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa persistence: an in vitro and in silico study. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:21-31. [PMID: 38294294 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: Persistent cells are primarily responsible for developing antibiotic resistance and the recurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study investigated the possible role of GNAT toxin in persistence. Materials & methods: P. aeruginosa was exposed to five MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The expression levels of target genes were assessed. The GNAT/HTH system was bioinformatically studied, and an inhibitory peptide was designed to disrupt this system. Results: Ciprofloxacin can induce bacterial persistence. There was a significant increase in the expression of the GNAT toxin during the persistence state. A structural study of the GNAT/HTH system determined that an inhibitory peptide could be designed to block this system effectively. Conclusion: The GNAT/HTH system shows promise as a novel therapeutic target for combating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Etemad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khodaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Davari
- IT Unit of Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Asadinezhad M, Khoshnood S, Asadollahi P, Ghafourian S, Sadeghifard N, Pakzad I, Zeinivand Y, Omidi N, Hematian A, Kalani BS. Development of innovative multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in silico approaches. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad502. [PMID: 38189537 PMCID: PMC10772946 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising issue of antibiotic resistance has made treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections increasingly challenging. Therefore, vaccines have emerged as a viable alternative to antibiotics for preventing P. aeruginosa infections in susceptible individuals. With its superior accuracy, high efficiency in stimulating cellular and humoral immune responses, and low cost, mRNA vaccine technology is quickly replacing traditional methods. This study aimed to design a novel mRNA vaccine by using in silico approaches against P. aeruginosa. The research team identified five surface and antigenic proteins and selected their appropriate epitopes with immunoinformatic tools. These epitopes were then examined for toxicity, allergenicity and homology. The researchers also checked their presentation and identification by major histocompatibility complex cells and other immune cells through valuable tools like molecular docking. They subsequently modeled a multi-epitope protein and optimized it. The mRNA was analyzed in terms of structure and stability, after which the immune system's response against the new vaccine was simulated. The results indicated that the designed mRNA construct could be an effective and promising vaccine that requires laboratory and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadinezhad
- Students Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Students Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Yasaman Zeinivand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nazanin Omidi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Hematian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Valadbeigi H, Sadeghifard N, Kaviar VH, Haddadi MH, Ghafourian S, Maleki A. Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on biofilm formation and gene expression of the toxin-antitoxin system in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:89. [PMID: 37798613 PMCID: PMC10557154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is known to be characteristic of this organism. This bacterium is considered one of the most life-threatening bacteria and has been identified as a priority pathogen for research by WHO. Biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa is a concern in many parts of the world due to antibiotic resistance. Alginate also plays an important role in the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance in biofilms. In addition, the systems of toxin-antitoxin( TA) play an important role in biofilm formation. Metal nanoparticle(NP) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) also have extensive biological properties, especially anti-biofilm properties. Therefore, this study was conducted in relation to the importance of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in biofilm formation and also the correlation of gene expression of TA systems in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. METHODS A total of 52 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from burns (n = 15), UTI (n = 31), and trachea (n = 6) in hospitals in Ilam between May 2020 and October 2020. Biofilm formation was assessed using a microtiter plate assay. MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of ZnO NPs (10-30 nm with purity greater than 99.8%) in P. aeruginosa were determined. Subsequently, biofilm formation was investigated using sub-MIC concentrations of ZnO NPs. Finally, total RNA was extracted and RT- qPCR was used to determine the expression levels of genes of mazEF, mqsRA, and higBA of TA systems. RESULTS Six isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to form strong biofilms. The results showed that ZnO NPs were able to inhibit biofilm formation. In our experiments, we found that the sub-MIC concentration of ZnO NPs increased the gene expression of antitoxins mazE and mqsA and toxin higB of TA systems treated with ZnO NPs. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, ZnO NPs were shown to effectively inhibit biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Our results support the relationship between TA systems and ZnO NPs in biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Importantly, the expression of antitoxins mazE and mqsA was high after treatment with ZnO NPs, but not that of antitoxin higA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Khoshnood S, Pakzad R, Kaviar VH, Hashemian M, Karamollahi S, Sadeghifard N, Heidarizadeh H, Moradi M, Maleki A, Heidary M, Abdi M. Global Estimate of Clarithromycin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Helicobacter pylori: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Lab 2023; 69. [PMID: 37436391 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2022.221032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high resistance rate to clarithromycin usually leads to failure to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. The aim of the present study was to review recent data on H. pylori resistance towards clarithromycin in clinical studies worldwide. METHODS PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase were used for a systematic review from 1 January 2011 to 13 April 2021 to retrieve the clinical trial studies. Data were analyzed according to publication year, age, geographic area, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Statistical analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 (College Station, Texas). RESULTS From a total of 4,304 articles, 89 articles related to clinical studies were selected for analysis. The overall H. pylori clarithromycin resistance rate was 34.95%. Based on continents, the highest and lowest pooled estimate of the bacterial resistance rates were observed in Asia (35.97%) and North America (7.02%), respectively. The highest and the lowest pooled estimate of H. pylori resistance rate to clarithromycin based on country were obtained in Australia (93.4%) and USA (7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in most parts of the world is more than 15%, so it is recommended that each country, after estimating the rate of resistance to clarithromycin, determine the treatment/eradication pattern for H. pylori infection.
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Hashemian M, Kazemian H, Kaviar VH, Karamolahi S, Nazari A, Bagheri MR, Sadeghifard N, Khoshnood S. Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients admitted to intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam, Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08476-4. [PMID: 37155016 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a major challenge worldwide. Identification of antibiotic resistance pattern extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were the objectives of this study. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates collected from patients with NIs in ICU was determined. Overall, 42 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from different infection sites were used to determine phenotypic tests of ESBLs, Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and CRE. Detection of ESBLs, MBLs and CRE genes were performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS From 71 patients with NIs, 103 different bacterial strains were isolated. The most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (n = 29; 28.16%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 15; 14.56%), and K. pneumoniae (n = 13; 12.26%). Also, the rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 58.25% (60/103). Based on phenotypic confirmation tests, 32 (76.19%) isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae produced ESBLs, and 6 (14.28%) isolates were identified as CRE producers. PCR showed the high prevalence of the blaCTX-M (n = 29; 90.62%) in ESBL genes. In addition, blaNDM was detected in 4 (66.66%), blaOXA-23 in 3 (50%), and blaOXA-48 gene in 1 (16.66%) isolates. The blaVIM, blaKPC, and blaIMP genes were not detected in any of the isolates. CONCLUSION The Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae with high resistance levels were the most common bacteria causing NIs in the ICU. This study for the first time identified blaOXA-11, blaOXA-23, and blaNDM-1 genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Ilam city of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Hashemian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karamolahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bagheri
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Masoleh AM, Khoshnood S, Haddadi MH, Rostamzad A, Narki M, Hoshmandfar R, Sadeghifard N. Potential Role of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for Preventing Kidney Stones. Clin Lab 2023; 69. [PMID: 37145061 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2022.220645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A probiotic is a living microorganism that promotes host health when grown under appropriate conditions. Kidney stones are one of the universal agonizing diseases that have increased dramatically in recent years. One of the causes of this disease is hyperoxaluria (HOU), which is known to be an important factor in the formation of oxalate stones and is manifested by high levels of oxalate in the urine. In addition, about 80% of kidney stones contain oxalate, and decomposition of this material by microbes is one way to dispose of it. METHODS Therefore, we examined a bacterial mixture containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium longum to prevent of oxalate production in Wistar rats with kidney stones. We divided the rats into 6 groups defined in the method. RESULTS The results of this study clearly show a decrease in urinary oxalate levels by exogenous means by L. plantarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus, and B. longum at the beginning of the experiment. Therefore, these bacteria can be used to control and prevent the formation of kidney stones. CONCLUSIONS However, further studies should be conducted on the effects of these bacteria, and it is recommended to identify the gene responsible for the degradation of oxalate in order to develop a new probiotic.
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Khoshnood S, Negahdari B, Kaviar VH, Sadeghifard N, Abdullah MA, El-Shazly M, Haddadi MH. Amoxicillin-docosahexaenoic acid encapsulated chitosan-alginate nanoparticles as a delivery system with enhanced biocidal activities against Helicobacter pylori and improved ulcer healing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1083330. [PMID: 36846798 PMCID: PMC9948253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1083330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of amoxicillin (AMX) for drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori infection and aspirin-induced ulcers in rat's stomachs was performed using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-loaded chitosan/alginate (CA) nanoparticles (NPs) developed by ionotropic gelation method. The physicochemical analyses of the composite NPs were performed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of AMX was increased to 76% by incorporating DHA, which resulted in a reduction in the particle size. The formed CA-DHA-AMX NPs effectively adhered to the bacteria and rat gastric mucosa. Their antibacterial properties were more potent than those of the single AMX and CA-DHA NPs as demonstrated by the in vivo assay. The composite NPs attained higher mucoadhesive potential during food intake than during fasting (p = 0.029). At 10 and 20 mg/kg AMX, the CA-AMX-DHA showed more potent activities against H. pylori than the CA-AMX, CA-DHA, and single AMX. The in vivo study showed that the effective dose of AMX was lower when DHA was included, indicating better drug delivery and stability of the encapsulated AMX. Both mucosal thickening and ulcer index were significantly higher in the groups receiving CA-DHA-AMX than in the groups receiving CA-AMX and single AMX. The presence of DHA declines the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A. The synergistic effects of AMX and the CA-DHA formulation increased the biocidal activities against H. pylori infection and improved ulcer healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haddadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Hossein Haddadi,✉ ;✉
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Asadollahi P, Sadeghifard N, Kazemian H, Pakzad I, Kalani BS. In silico Study of the Proteins Involved in the Persistence of Brucella spp. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:1-13. [PMID: 35929636 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220805161821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major problems with Brucella infections is its tendency to become chronic and recurrent, providing a hindrance to the management of this infection. It has been proposed that chronicity is greatly affected by a phenomenon called persistence in bacteria. Several mechanisms are involved in bacterial persistence, including the type II toxin-antitoxin system, the SOS and oxidative and stringent responses. METHODS In this in silico study, these persistence mechanisms in Brucella spp. were investigated. RESULTS The structure and the interactions between modules involved in these systems were designed, and novel peptides that can interfere with some of these important mechanisms were developed. CONCLUSION Since peptide-based therapeutics are a new and evolving field due to their ease of production, we hope that peptides developed in this study, as well as the information about the structure and interactions of modules of persistence mechanisms, can further be used to design drugs against Brucella persister cells in the hope of restraining the chronic nature of Brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Sholeh M, Khoshnood S, Azimi T, Mohamadi J, Kaviar VH, Hashemian M, Karamollahi S, Sadeghifard N, Heidarizadeh H, Heidary M, Saki M. The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15121. [PMID: 37016679 PMCID: PMC10066884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of global clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial for decision of the most appropriate eradication therapies with good clinical outcomes. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of the CLA resistance in H. pylori to provide some guidance for selecting the first-line antibiotics. Method A comprehensive search was performed for relevant literature until April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of resistance. Results The meta-analysis included 248 articles. The prevalence of CLA-resistant H. pylori was 27.53% (95% CI [25.41-29.69]). The heterogeneity between reports was significant (I2 = 97.80%, P < 0.01). The resistance rate increased from 24.28% in 2010-2017 to 32.14% in 2018-2021 (P < 0.01). Iran, with 38 articles, has the most report. Nevertheless, Switzerland, Portugal, and Israel had the highest resistance rates (67.16%, 48.11%, and 46.12%, respectively). The heterogeneity between the continents and the antimicrobial susceptibility methods also interpreted standard guidelines and breakpoints was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Overall CLA resistance rate was 27.53%, worldwide. The difference in CLA resistance rate among the included studies can be due to several reasons such as differences in antibiotic prescription rates in various geographic areas, use of different breakpoints or inaccurate criteria in performed studies, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jasem Mohamadi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hashemian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karamollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hedayat Heidarizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Khoshnood S, Sadeghifard N, Mahdian N, Heidary M, Mahdian S, Mohammadi M, Maleki A, Haddadi MH. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capacity among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients with burns and ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24814. [PMID: 36573013 PMCID: PMC9833984 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, especially in patients with burns and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aims of this study was to compare the biofilm formation capacity, antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing based on PFGE (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis) in A. baumannii isolated from burn and VAP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 A. baumannii isolates were obtained from burn and VAP patients. In this study, we assessed antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation capacity, PFGE fingerprinting, and the distribution of biofilm-related genes (csuD, csuE, ptk, ataA, and ompA). RESULTS Overall, 74% of the strains were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 26% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Regarding biofilm formation capacity, 52%, 36%, and 12% of the isolates were strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers. Strong biofilm formation capacity significantly correlated with XDR phenotype (12/13, 92.3%). All the isolates harbored at least one biofilm-related gene. The most prevalent gene was csuD (98%), followed by ptk (90%), ataA (88%), ompA (86%), and csuE (86%). Harboring all the biofilm-related genes was significantly associated with XDR phenotype. Finally, PFGE clustering revealed 6 clusters, among which cluster No. 2 showed a significant correlation with strong biofilm formation and XDR phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the variable distribution of biofilm-related genes among MDR and XDR A. baumannii isolates from burn and VAP patients. A significant correlation was found between strong biofilm formation capacity and XDR phenotype. Finally, our results suggested that XDR phenotype was predominant among strong-biofilm producer A. baumannii in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | | | - Nahid Mahdian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Somayeh Mahdian
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
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12
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Khoshnood S, Pakzad R, Koupaei M, Shirani M, Araghi A, Irani GM, Moradi M, Pakzad I, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. Prevalence, diagnosis, and manifestations of brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:976215. [PMID: 36619963 PMCID: PMC9813401 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.976215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases common between humans and animals. Despite eradication efforts, the burden of the disease is well-known in endemic countries and in countries where brucellosis has not been an important health issue until recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, diagnosis, and manifestations of brucellosis. Methods In this study, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar databases were systematically searched to find studies published from 2011 to 2021. The search was conducted using text words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Terms on the prevalence of brucellosis. Stata software 14.0 was used for all analyses. Results Based on the results, the pooled prevalence of brucellosis was 15.27% (95% CI: 9.68-21.86; heterogeneity I 2 index: 97.43; p < 0.001) for man and 15.33% (95% CI: 7.19-25.75; heterogeneity I 2 index: 98.19; p < 0.001) for woman. Age (coefficient: 0.240; p = 0.480), gender (coefficient: -0.017; p = 0.800), and publication year (coefficient: 0.114; p = 0.861) showed no significant effect on heterogeneity among studies. Egger's test indicated a significant publication bias for the prevalence of brucellosis (coefficient 3.894; p < 0.001). Moreover, the trim-and-fill method exhibited that the adjusted prevalence of brucellosis (18.30%, 95% CI: 14.10-22.52) was not significantly different from the original prevalence of brucellosis. Conclusion The pooled estimate for brucellosis prevalence was estimated as 15.53%. To better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis globally, more extensive studies are needed to be conducted throughout the world, especially in developing and low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Almas Araghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mokhtari Irani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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13
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Maleki A, Kaviar VH, Koupaei M, Haddadi MH, Kalani BS, Valadbeigi H, Karamolahi S, Omidi N, Hashemian M, Sadeghifard N, Mohamadi J, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. Molecular typing and antibiotic resistance patterns among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii recovered from burn patients in Tehran, Iran. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994303. [PMID: 36386699 PMCID: PMC9664937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is now considered a highly resistant pathogen to various types of antibiotics. Therefore, tracking the source of its prevalence and continuous control is crucial. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance and perform various molecular typing methods on clinical isolates of A. baumannii isolated from hospitalized burn patients in Shahid Motahari Burn Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Hospital isolates were confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. Then the sensitivity to different antibiotics was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. In order to perform molecular typing, three-locus dual assay multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods were used. Among the 60 isolates collected, the frequencies of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were 90 and 10%, respectively. The most effective antibiotics were colistin with 100% and tigecycline with 83.33% sensitivity. Isolates were 100% resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and cephalosporins, and 68.3% were resistant to carbapenem. The results of multiplex PCR showed five groups that international clone I (IC I) and IC II were the most common. The MLVA method identified 34 MLVA types (MTs), 5 clusters, and 25 singletons. Multilocus sequence typing results for tigecycline-resistant isolates showed seven different sequence types (STs). Increasing antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates requires careful management to control and prevent the occurrence of the pre-antibiotic era. The results of this study confirm that the population structure of A. baumannii isolates has a high diversity. More extensive studies are needed in Iran to better understand the epidemiology of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karamolahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nazanin Omidi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hashemian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jasem Mohamadi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saeed Khoshnood, ; Mohsen Heidary,
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saeed Khoshnood, ; Mohsen Heidary,
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14
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Ghanbari F, Nourmoradi H, Nazari A, Sadeghifard N, Pakzad I, Soroush S, Ashrafi B, Taherikalani M. Molecular Epidemiology and Recycling of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Methicillin Among the Staff, Patients, and Surfaces in University Hospital in West Iran, Ilam. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 23:e280922209259. [PMID: 36173060 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220928145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen causing nosocomial infections and increased hospitalization and mortality among human communities. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are considered a severe threat in nosocomial infections and cause complications in the remedy process of bacterial infections. In this study, 137 samples were collected from different departments, staff, and patients in Ilam hospital. METHODS Eighty-eight samples of these strains were examined to test antibiotic resistance and diffusion. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were performed on the samples resistant to oxacillin. 36 (40.9%) strains were MRSA, and 52 (59.1%) isolates were MSSA. 44.4% of MRSA strains with IV SCCmec type. RESULTS Fourteen different spa types were found using spa typing, of which the most abundant types were t037, t030, and t701, and three new types, including t15471, t15474, and t17470, were identified among the strains. The molecular analysis by MLST showed that the strains are classified into 11 different sequence types. Sequence type 239 and clonal complexes of 329 and 22 were dominant. ST239- spat037-SCCmec III was also identified as the most frequent clone of MRSA. The most identified clones were MRSA ST239-spa t037-SCCmec III. CONCLUSION The results show the spa-type distribution between samples of patients, personnel, and surfaces, demonstrating MRSA circulation between patients and the environment. The results show the need to control environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanbari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nazari
- School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Setareh Soroush
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behnam Ashrafi
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Morovat Taherikalani
- Department of Microbiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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15
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Tahmasebi Z, Asadollahi P, Sadeghifard N, Ghafourian S, Kalani BS, Kalaei EGP, Pakzad I. Microbiological and drug resistance patterns of bronchoalveolar lavage samples taken from hospitalized patients in Iran. Germs 2022; 12:333-343. [PMID: 37680681 PMCID: PMC10482477 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary diseases are amongst the most common causes of premature death and distressing disorders worldwide. This study aimed to detect the fastidious and routine infectious agents, and their drug resistance patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Methods A total of 44 BAL samples were collected by bronchoscopy from patients with respiratory disorders hospitalized at 2 teaching hospitals in Ilam, Iran. The samples were cultured on routine bacterial culture media to identify the bacterial agents and calculate the colony count. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI protocol. PCR was used to detect the fastidious bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae using the 16srRNA specific primers and Legionella pneumophila using the mip specific primers. Results Overall, 100 bacterial isolates were isolated by culture from the 44 BAL samples including: Staphylococcus aureus (24, 31.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes (18, 23.4%), Enterococcus spp. (11, 14.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11, 14.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11, 14.3%), Enterococcus spp. (10, 13%), Micrococcus spp. (5, 6.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (5, 6.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5, 6.5%). PCR detected 4 positive samples (9.1%) for Chlamydia pneumoniae but no positive cases for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Acinetobacter baumannii showed the highest resistance rate (81.8%) to aztreonam and ceftazidime. Seventy-five percent of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA) and 83.3% had the mecA gene. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 27.3% of the Enterococcus species (VRE). Resistance to piperacillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was observed in 54.5%, 45.5%, and 36.4% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The frequency of organisms isolated from the ICU was higher (46%) than from other wards. Conclusions The presence of MRSA, cephalosporins-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant against piperacillin, imipenem, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ciprofloxacin amongst different wards, especially the ICU ward of the surveyed hospitals, is a major healthcare concern and it is necessary to wisely scrutinize the preventive strategies for antibiotic resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tahmasebi
- MSc, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Esmail Ghasemi Pasha Kalaei
- MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Pajuhesh Boulevard, Banganjab Avenue, postal code: 6939177143, Ilam, Iran
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16
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Khoshnood S, Ghanavati R, Shirani M, Ghahramanpour H, Sholeh M, Shariati A, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. Viral vector and nucleic acid vaccines against COVID-19: A narrative review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984536. [PMID: 36118203 PMCID: PMC9470835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After about 2 years since the first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 that resulted in a worldwide pandemic, 6.2 million deaths have been recorded. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endeavors for the production of effective vaccines inexhaustibly are continuing. At present according to the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, 153 vaccine candidates are developing in the clinical phase all over the world. Some new and exciting platforms are nucleic acid-based vaccines such as Pfizer Biontech and Moderna vaccines consisting of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a viral spike protein in host cells. Another novel vaccine platform is viral vector vaccine candidates that could be replicating or nonreplicating. These types of vaccines that have a harmless viral vector like adenovirus contain a genome encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which induces significant immune responses. This technology of vaccine manufacturing has previously been used in many human clinical trials conducted for adenoviral vector-based vaccines against different infectious agents, including Ebola virus, Zika virus, HIV, and malaria. In this paper, we have a review of nucleic acid-based vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials and discuss their efficiency and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Heidary,
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17
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Kazemian H, Zarandi MK, Zargoush Z, Ghafourian S, Sadeghifard N, Jalilian A, Shafieian M, Pakzad I. The prevalence of gonococcal and non-gonococcal infections in women referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Infez Med 2022; 30:247-253. [PMID: 35693060 PMCID: PMC9177188 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3002-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is a condition caused by changes in the vaginal microbial ecosystem and increases the risk of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, endometritis, and weight loss of the baby. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of gonococcal and non-gonococcal genital infections in women referred to clinics in Ilam, Iran. Two swab samples were taken from each patient using a sterile swab, one swab was placed in a THB medium for the culture of Streptococcus agalactiae and the other in PBS buffer for PCR. PCR method was conducted for the identification of the other bacterial agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and also S. agalactiae. Sampling was performed on 169 women with symptomatic vaginosis. The frequency of S. agalactiae by culture and PCR methods was 4.7% (8 samples) and 13.6% (23 samples) respectively. Also, 6.5% (11 samples), 3.5% (6 samples), 4.1% (7 samples), 1.2% (2 samples), and 0% of the samples were positive for N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum and C. trachomatis by PCR method. Except for a significant association between S. agalactiae colonization and abortion, there was no significant correlation between the prevalence of these bacteria and the patient's age, age of marriage, number of deliveries, and number of abortions. Overall, the prevalence of gonococcal and non-gonococcal infection in women referred to clinics in Ilam is similar to the other parts of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Morteza Karami Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zargoush
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Anahita Jalilian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shafieian
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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18
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Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N, Khadiv A, Sayadi H, Amiriani T, Ghafourian S, Valadbeigi H, Krutova M. Heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:19. [PMID: 35596211 PMCID: PMC9123761 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori can lead to treatment failure. Importantly, several studies have reported on heteroresistance, i.e. the presence of resistant and susceptible H. pylori populations in the same sample and/or a difference in the susceptibility patterns between biopsy samples. This meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence of metronidazole and clarithromycin heteroresistance and the approaches to their detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was performed after the search of MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. The study outcomes were the weighted pooled prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in H. pylori positive samples and/or isolates with a subanalysis by continent. RESULTS A total of 22 studies that had investigated 3852 H. pylori positive patients were included in the meta-analysis. Heteroresistance to clarithromycin was reported in 20 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 6.8% (95% CI 5.1-8.6; 3654 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 55.6%). Heteroresistance to metronidazole was reported in 12 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 13.8% (95% CI 8.9-18.6; 1670 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 60.9%). The weighted pooled prevalence of clarithromycin heteroresistance was similar in Asia and Europe (p = 0.174584), however, metronidazole heteroresistance was detected more often in Europe (p < 0.00001). Clarithromycin heteroresistance was detected more often by phenotype rather than by using genotyping methods (12 vs 8 studies), whereas heteroresistance to metronidazole was detected only by phenotype. CONCLUSION The prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and/or metronidazole is not negligible and can be detected in approximately 7 and 14% of H. pylori positive samples, respectively. These findings highlight the need to raise the awareness of gastroenterologists and microbiologists to the heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khadiv
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sayadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Kaffashian MR, Shirani M, Koupaei M, Sadeghifard N, Ahmadi I, Mozafari A, Nazari A, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Procedures and Laboratory Parameters among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Ilam Province, Western Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:485-496. [PMID: 35813682 PMCID: PMC9214747 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is the last global threat which WHO confirmed it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In the Middle East, Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected. The epidemiological and economic challenges of Iran make this country a particularly relevant subject of study. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Ilam province, western of Iran. Methods Overall, 2204 hospitalized RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 were considered in this study. Electronic medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiological images, laboratory findings, and the comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. In addition, the medication regimens used in these patients were evaluated. The patients were classified in discharged and died groups according to their outcomes. Then, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings as well as treatment regimens and underlying diseases were compared in these two groups. Results Among the patients, 1209 (54.85%) were male and 995 (45.14%) were female. Pneumonia, dyspnea and cough, were the most common clinical data in both discharged and died groups. Among the comorbidities, COPD, and cancer were significantly more common in the dead patients than in the living. The results of laboratory tests showed that blood creatinine, BUN, ESR, Na+, WBC, and neutrophil count have increased in deceased group compared to the survivors. However, the lymphocyte count decreased in deceased patients. The evaluation of radiographs demonstrated that there were significant correlations between bilateral pneumonia, ground glass opacity, bilateral patchy shadowing, and pleural effusion with death. Conclusion The current investigation indicated the special profile of COVID-19 in west of Iran. Discharged and dead patients with COVID-19 had distinct clinical, radiological and laboratory features, which were separated by principal component analysis. Identifying these characteristics of the disease would translate into the implementation of practical measures to improve results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kaffashian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ahmadi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aliashraf Mozafari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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20
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Mahmoudi M, Sadeghifard N, Maleki A, Yeo CC, Ghafourian S. relBE Toxin-antitoxin System as a Reliable Anti-biofilm Target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:683-695. [PMID: 35445489 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ability of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to produce biofilms has made it more difficult to treat its infections with current antibiotics. Several genes are involved in biofilm production, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci have been reported to be responsible for the regulation of biofilm-associated genes. This study was aimed at evaluating various TA loci in P. aeruginosa to find a reliable target in order to disrupt biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were assessed for biofilm production as well as the presence of various TA loci in their genomes. The relBETA locus was present in all 30 P. aeruginosa isolates but its expression was not detectable in isolates that did not show biofilm production. Quantitative real-time -PCR (q-PCR) also demonstrated that the expression of relBE was higher in isolates with stronger biofilm-producing capability. Knocking out the relBE locus in one biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolate led to the cessation of biofilm-producing capacity in that isolate and eliminated the expression of ndvB, which is among the genes involved in biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS These results inferred the involvement of relBE TA locus in the regulation of biofilm production in P. aeruginosa and indicated the possibility of relBE as an anti-biofilm target for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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21
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Khoshnood S, Arshadi M, Akrami S, Koupaei M, Ghahramanpour H, Shariati A, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. An overview on inactivated and live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24418. [PMID: 35421266 PMCID: PMC9102488 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After about 2 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), first infections were detected in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which was followed by a worldwide pandemic with a record of 5.41 million deaths. Due to urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), attempts for producing efficient vaccines are inexhaustibly continuing. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) on COVID‐19 vaccine tracker and landscape, there are 149 vaccine candidates all over the world. Inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines as a conventional vaccine platform consist of whole virus particles grown in cell culture and inactivated by chemicals. Because of benefits such as antigenic similarity to real virion inducing humoral and cellular immune responses and ease for transport and storage, these vaccines, including the vaccines produced by Bharat Biotech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac, are in use at large scales. In this study, we have a review on inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, population which was included in the trials, vaccine producers, the efficiency, adverse effects, and components of vaccines, and other vaccine features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maniya Arshadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sousan Akrami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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22
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Asadi A, Shadab Mehr N, Mohamadi MH, Shokri F, Heidary M, Sadeghifard N, Khoshnood S. Obesity and gut-microbiota-brain axis: A narrative review. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24420. [PMID: 35421277 PMCID: PMC9102524 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a major health problem that is associated with many physiological and mental disorders, such as diabetes, stroke, and depression. Gut microbiota has been affirmed to interact with various organs, including the brain. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites might target the brain directly via vagal stimulation or indirectly through immune‐neuroendocrine mechanisms, and they can regulate metabolism, adiposity, homoeostasis and energy balance, and central appetite and food reward signaling, which together have crucial roles in obesity. Studies support the concept of bidirectional signaling within the gut–brain axis (GBA) in the pathophysiology of obesity, mediated by metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune system mechanisms. Materials and methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched to find relevant studies. Results The gut–brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional connection between the gut microbiota and brain, influences physiological function and behavior through three different pathways. Neural pathway mainly consists of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and vagus nerve. Endocrine pathway, however, affects the neuroendocrine system of the brain, particularly the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and immunological pathway. Several alterations in the gut microbiome can lead to obesity, by modulating metabolic pathways and eating behaviors of the host through GBA. Therefore, novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome, i.e., fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can be a potential treatment for obesity. Conclusion This study corroborates the effect of gut microbiome on physiological function and body weight. The results show that the gut microbiota is becoming a target for new antiobesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shadab Mehr
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Fazlollah Shokri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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23
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Bayatipour Z, Sadeghifard N, Ghafourian S, Kalani BS, Asadollahi P, Azizi-Jalilian F, Pakzad I. Effect of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) on the Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35443583 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm makes bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents and facilitates the transmission of infectious diseases in hospitals. Disinfectant compounds are frequently used to control surface contamination. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS This study was performed on 40 E. faecalis clinical isolates. After the determination of MIC, the effect of different concentrations of CHX and H2O2 on the biofilm formation was evaluated. Also, the relative expression level of the studied biofilm genes, following exposure to sublethal concentration of CHX and H2O2, was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The frequency of the asa1, efaA, epaI, and esp biofilm genes were 80%, 92.5%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. Various concentrations of CHX increased the biofilm mass in E. faecalis. Also, the combination of CHX and H2O2 at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations, significantly elevated the expression of asa1, epaI, and esp genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the improper use of disinfectants can increase the ability of biofilm formation in E. faecalis and may cause selective pressure leading to the emergence of biocide-resistant microorganisms.
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24
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Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N, Karimian M, Kalvandi G, Sayyadi H, Feizi J, Ahmadi I, Maleki A, Kenarkoohi A, Kaffashian MR. The Effectiveness of Laboratory Parameters in Predicting the in-Hospital Mortality of Iranian Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ann Ig 2022; 34:128-136. [PMID: 35088822 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (now SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and affected healthcare systems worldwide. Due to lack of long-term immunization and effective specific treatments for the COVID-19 disease, there is a need of identifying the patients who are at the risk of a fatal outcome, according to the available epidemiological data and laboratory parameters. OBJECTIVE Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of epidemiological data and laboratory para-meters for in-hospital case fatality in patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam University of Medical Sciences from February 29 until March 29, 2020 was performed. Epidemiologic data and laboratory results were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the laboratory parameters for in-hospital death. RESULTS A total of 256 Iranian COVID-19 patients were included in the evaluation; 38 of them died, resulting in a in-hospital case-fatality rate of 14.8%. The univariate analysis showed that advanced age [OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06, P=0.001], smoking [OR=4.041, 95% CI: 1.546-10.563, P=0.004], white blood cells [OR=0.941, 95% CI: 0.904-0.980, P =0.003] and hematocrit [OR=1.060, 95% CI: 1.009-1.113, P=0.020] were positively associated with the risk of a fatal outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients with an elevated white blood cell count and elevated hemoglobin level had 1% and 9% greater risk of an in-hospital death for each elevated unit [OR=1.07; 95 %CI: 1.024-1.088, P =0.002 and OR=1.379; 95% CI 0.064-1.788, P =0.015, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS An increase in white blood cell count and an increase in hemoglobin level might be indepen-dent risk factors for in-hospital death in Iranian patients with COVID-19. Further studies are necessary in order to conferm the prognostic value of the variables discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Ira
| | - N Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Karimian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - G Kalvandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - H Sayyadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - J Feizi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - I Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Maleki
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Ira
| | - A Kenarkoohi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Ira
| | - M R Kaffashian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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25
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Asadollahi P, Pakzad I, Ghafourian S, Kazemian H, Fatahi R, Sadeghifard N, Kalani BS. In silico Investigation of Lon Protease as a Promising Therapeutic Target. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:180-188. [PMID: 35042266 DOI: 10.1055/a-1713-3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance, the need for new therapeutic strategies is inevitable. Bacterial proteases are a broad set of enzymes that play a vital role in cell survival, stress response, and pathogenicity. This in silico study was aimed to focus on the crucial role of Lon protease in the regulation of toxin-antitoxin systems in E. coli and to design inhibitory peptides against the action of this protease. With the help of relevant servers and softwares, the communication network, the evolutionary history, and the interaction of Lon with the corresponding antitoxins were examined, following which the inhibitory peptides were designed against these interactions. The results showed that Lon protease plays a central role in the control of these systems and is a conserved protein, especially among the Enterobacteriaceae family. The docking results of the designed peptides with the Lon protease were significant. This study showed that Lon protease may have the characteristics of a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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26
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Yarkarami F, Kazemian H, Sadeghifard N, Pakzad R, Jalilian F, Asadollahi P, Hematian A, Pakzad I. Inhibitory Effects of Carvacrol on Biofilm Formation and Expression of Biofilm Related Genes in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Khoshnood S, Taki E, Sadeghifard N, Kaviar VH, Haddadi MH, Farshadzadeh Z, Kouhsari E, Goudarzi M, Heidary M. Mechanism of Action, Resistance, Synergism, and Clinical Implications of Delamanid Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:717045. [PMID: 34690963 PMCID: PMC8529252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.717045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remain a primary global threat to the end of tuberculosis (TB) era. Delamanid (DLM) is a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative utilized to treat MDR-TB. DLM has distinct mechanism of action, inhibiting methoxy- and keto-mycolic acid (MA) synthesis through the F420 coenzyme mycobacteria system and generating nitrous oxide. While DLM resistance among MTB strains is uncommon, there are increasing reports in Asia and Europe, and such resistance will prolong the treatment courses of patients infected with MDR-TB. In this review, we address the antimycobacterial properties of DLM, report the global prevalence of DLM resistance, discuss the synergism of DLM with other anti-TB drugs, and evaluate the documented clinical trials to provide new insights into the clinical use of this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Amanpour Z, Kouhsari E, Pakzad I, Kenarkoohi A, Sadeghifard N. Simultaneous Molecular Detection of Common Bacterial Enteropathogens in Children with Diarrhea by Multiplex-PCR Assay. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 34107632 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea remains a major threat to children in low- and middle-income countries, which is the second cause of death among children in the world. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a multiplex-PCR assay for direct detection of common bacterial enteropathogens in fecal specimens. METHODS One hundred and three stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age with gastroenteritis during a six-month period in Ilam, Iran. The multiplex PCR assay simultaneously detected Shigella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Salmonella enterica in stool samples. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of Shigella spp. Campylobacter jejuni, EPEC, ETEC, and Salmonella enterica were 21.35%, 10.67%, 1.94%, 0.97% and 0%, respectively. In addition, Shigella spp. with Campylobacter jejuni and EPEC with Campylobacter jejuni coinfection were observed in sample 11 (10.67%). The analytical sensitivity of the multiplex PCR assay was estimated to be 0.01 ng/µL of genomic DNA from culture. The analytical specificity was determined to be 100% by using common and standard enteropathogenic bacterial strains. CONCLUSIONS The molecular method developed in the study was rapid, sensitive, and specific for detection of common bacterial enteropathogens.
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Karkoub M, Kouhsari E, Khaghani S, Sadeghifard N. Clonal Lineage Analysis of Shigella flexneri Isolates Circulating in Ahvaz, Iran. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 33865251 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigellosis is a significant public health challenge particularly in developing countries, and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes through integron structures has become an important problem in the treatment of Shigellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic association of Shigella flexneri antibiotic resistant clones collected from Ahvaz between 2013 and 2015 by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. METHODS A total of 45 S. flexneri isolates, which were resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, were obtained from patients with Shigellosis referred to Ahvaz hospitals during 2013 - 2015. PCR was performed to evaluate the frequency of Sul1, int1, blaOXA, and int2 genes. In addition, pulse field gel electrophoresis method was used to investigate the genetic relationship between 40 S. flexneri isolates. RESULTS PCR results showed that the highest frequency was related to the sul1 gene with 80% (36 isolates) and the lowest frequency was related to class 2 integron with 15.5% (7 isolates); 31.11% (14 isolates) of the isolates were sul1 and int1. Also, 13.33% (6 isolates) had blaOXA and int1 genes, simultaneously. But none of the isolates had class 1 integrons and class 2 integrons at the same time. PFGE results showed 25 different pulsotype patterns, of which 16 isolates had their own unique pattern and were divided into 16 pulsotypes, and 27 isolates were divided into 9 pulsotypes. CONCLUSIONS int2 and sul1 resistance genes had an upward trend from 2013 to 2015 and the results of PFGE indicated a different origin of S. flexneri clones.
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Moradkasani S, Jazi FM, Sadeghifard N, Kouhsari E, Kalani BS, Pakzad I. Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Genotyping of Brucella Isolates from Iran. Clin Lab 2021; 66. [PMID: 33073952 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is considered a main health concern in humans and animals. Neither familiar molecular methods nor the classical biotyping techniques are acceptable for subtyping Brucella spp. Loci containing variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) have recently demonstrated their practicality in typing isolates from human and animal origin despite the excessive genetic homogeneity in the genus Brucella. METHODS The genotypic characteristics of sixty-six Brucella melitensis and thirty-four Brucella abortus isolates from veterinary samples and human brucellosis cases in Iran during 2014 - 2018. They were analyzed using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) which consisted of sixteen primer pairs and designed and classified as belonging to one of the three panels: panel 1 (MLVA-8: eight loci including Bruce06, Bruce08, Bruce11, Bruce12, Bruce42, Bruce43, Bruce45, and Bruce55), panel 2A (three loci including Bruce18, Bruce19, and Bruce21), and panel 2B (five loci including Bruce04, Bruce07, Bruce09, Bruce16, and Bruce30); MLVA-11 (panels 1 and 2A), and MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B) using BioNumerics software (Version 7.6). RESULTS Using panel 1, 2A, and 2B (MLVA-16), 59 genotypes with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 91 to 100% were obtained from the 100 Brucella spp. isolates. For all isolates, only genotype 36 and genotype 26 were obtained using panels 1 and 2A, respectively. The B. abortus isolates showed variations at 9 different genotypes, while B. melitensis isolates have been dispersed in 50 different genotypes. Bruce16 and Bruce4 showed the highest discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS The MLVA-16 assay appeared to be a useful and important molecular genotyping tool that is capable of proving epidemiological linkages in outbreak and trace-back investigations and is helpful in improving the effectiveness of brucellosis control programs.
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Kazemian H, Heidari H, Kardan-Yamchi J, Ghafourian S, Pakzad I, Kouhsari E, Valadbeigi H, Sadeghifard N. Comparison of toxin-antitoxin expression among drug-susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adv Respir Med 2021; 89:110-114. [PMID: 33966258 DOI: 10.5603/arm.a2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a significant global public health threat. Besides extensive multidrug resistance, MTB possesses several properties for long-term viability in the host as well as stress adaptation and resistance in harsh conditions. The role of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in disseminating and maintaining antimicrobial resistance in bacterial populations has also been demonstrated. This study aimed to evaluate differences in expression of MazEF (a well-known TA system) related genes (mazE3, mazF3, mazE6, and mazF6) amongst drug-susceptible and resistant MTB isolates in Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 confirmed clinical isolates of MTB including 10 drug-susceptible and 10 drug-resistant (nine MDR, and one XDR) species were included in this study. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used as the standard strain. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and relative quantitative real-time PCR were performed according to the standard procedures. RESULTS Our analysis indicated significant enhanced expression of the mazE6 antitoxin gene in drug-susceptible isolates compared to drug-resistant isolates and the standard strain. The expression of the mazF6 toxin gene was also increased in drug-susceptible isolates compared with the standard strain. In drug-resistant isolates, the expression levels of mazF3 and mazF6 genes were significantly higher than that in the susceptible isolates and the standard strain. CONCLUSIONS In this study, there was significant overexpression of mazE6 in drug-susceptible isolates. As well, mazF3 and F6 were overexpressed in drug-resistant isolates when compared with the standard strain. The changes in expression levels of MazEF6 associated genes were greater than that of MazEF3 in both groups of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Scien ces, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of P ublic Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, T ehran, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hasan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Sayyadi M, Kouhsari E, Kalvandi G, Kazemian H, Ghafouri Z, Sadeghifard N. Characteristics of Clostridioides difficile colonization in Ilamian children. Ann Ig 2021; 33:209-219. [PMID: 33739354 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2021.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The increasing colonization with Clostridioides difficile in paediatric hospitalized population is a well known event; however, its prevalence in Iranian children has not effectively been identified yet. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the intestinal-carriage rates of C. difficile and molecular characterization of C. difficile in the Ilamian pediatric population from May 22, 2018, until September 22, 2018. Materials and Methods Eighty samples were obtained from 40 children aged <5 years, at day 0 of their hospitalization (N=40 samples), to determine community-associated colonization, and then at day 5 days after hospitalization (N=40 samples), to determine healthcare associated colonization. The stool samples were examined for C. difficile, and isolated strains were evaluated for production of Clostridial toxins A/B and molecular characterizations. Results The colonization rates of C. difficile and toxigenic C. difficile were 10% (8/80) and 3.75% (3/80), respectively. Based on the age group, the intestinal-carriage rates of C. difficile were 37.5, 50, and 12.5% in children ≤ 1, 1-3, and 3-5 years old, respectively. Our findings have revealed eight distinct ribotypes. Our findings have revealed eight distinct ribotypes of C. difficile isolates. Three out of 8 (37.5%) of C. difficile isolates were considered as community-associated colonization and belonged to ribotypes 7, 8, and 9. Conclusion. Our findings suggest the need of confirmation by further epidemiological studies in Iranian children. Given that the 37.5% of cases observed were community-associated, estimates of the incidence of C. difficile infections, that include only hospitalized children, may largely underestimate the burden of disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sayyadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - G Kalvandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - H Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Z Ghafouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - N Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Bahmaninejad P, Ghafourian S, Mahmoudi M, Maleki A, Sadeghifard N, Badakhsh B. Persister cells as a possible cause of antibiotic therapy failure in Helicobacter pylori. JGH Open 2021; 5:493-497. [PMID: 33860100 PMCID: PMC8035453 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Due to the failure of antibiotic treatment and recurrence of infection in patients with Helicobacter pylori, this study was designed to find the possible cause of treatment failure and recurrence of the H. pylori infections in Ilam, Iran. Methods One hundred patients with specific symptoms of H. pylori infection were selected, and after taking a biopsy specimen, identification of H. pylori, antibiotic susceptibility assay, and persister cell assay were performed. In addition, after treatment, patients with persister cells were followed for possible recurrence of infection. Furthermore, an antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed. Results Our results demonstrated that, among 100 patients, 50% (n = 50) showed positive results for the existence of H. pylori. Among the susceptible isolates, 18% (n = 9) were persister cells that were sensitive to clarithromycin as confirmed by a 5 folds higher than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin. The data were confirmed by following up the suspected patients. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that persister cells in H. pylori infections may be responsible to recurrent infection and antibiotic treatment failure. However, more research is needed to obtain more information in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Bahmaninejad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Behzad Badakhsh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N, Karimian M, Sayyadi H, Nazari A, Mozafari AA, Kazemian H, Valadbeigi H, Kaffashian MR. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Iranian COVID-19 Patients. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 33616323 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to accumulate evidence that suggests the potential role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in determining the prognostic factor for COVID-19 patients. METHODS A cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients at the Ilam University of Medical Sciences was analyzed. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the potential role of NLR in determining the prognostic factor for COVID-19 patients. RESULTS The total number of in-hospital mortality was 43/328 (13.1%). Multivariate analysis identified that there was a 26% higher risk of in-hospital death for each unit increase in NLR (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.14; p = 0.0147). Multivariate analysis identified that there was an 8% higher risk of in-hospital death for each unit increase in NLR (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.14; p = 0.0147). Compared with patients in the NLR < 5 group, the NLR of patients in the NLR ≥ 5 group had a 16-fold higher risk of mortality (OR = 16.04; 95% CI, 1.14 to 224.95; p = 0.0395) after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS NLR is an independent risk factor of mortality COVID-19 patients.
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Maleki A, Moslem MS, Kouhsari E, Pakzad I, Ghafouri Z, Khaghani S, Sadeghifard N. Virulence-associated genes and toxin-antitoxin system genes of Shigella flexneri: Presence and expression in normal and thermal stress conditions. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mahdian N, Kouhsari E, Gheysarzadeh A, Maleki A, Valadbeigi H, Sadeghifard N. The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in non-Shigella dysenteriae isolates collected from diarrhea samples in patients, Ahvaz, Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:e270421188775. [PMID: 33292146 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666201207122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is a major public health problem particularly in developing countries. Shigellosis is one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery and still has a remarkable prevalence particularly in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin (Stx) protein in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Shigella toxin 1 (Stx1) in isolated from patients with diarrhea. Totally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, during 2013-2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery settings. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. RESULTS The results indicated that none of them encode the stx1 gene. CONCLUSION Isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding. Future investigations should consider the relations between other Shigella species and Shigella toxin in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Mahdian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Ali Gheysarzadeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam. Iran
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Gheysarzadeh A, Sadeghifard N, Safari M, Rashidian T, Mohammadyari E, Tavan H. Case series of four pregnant women with COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100783. [PMID: 33072336 PMCID: PMC7550274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become the most important health burden globally as a result of the pandemic. Pregnant women are considered to be in a high-risk group because COVID-19 infection in this group may result in extensive damage. We aimed to describe COVID-19 infections in four pregnant women in Ilam, Iran. All had positive results first by real-time PCR, then by computed tomographic scan. All of these patients were hospitalized, and all of them were treated successfully. This study showed that although pregnant women are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection, they can be treated successfully. It also demonstrated that receiving care and treatment at the hospital can be a good experience for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gheysarzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - N. Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M. Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - T. Rashidian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E. Mohammadyari
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - H. Tavan
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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38
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Hemati S, Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N, Maleki A, Omidi N, Mahdavi Z, Pakzad I. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of biocides induced biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100794. [PMID: 33240514 PMCID: PMC7674602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that biofilm formation causes many serious health-care problems. Interestingly, sub minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some biocides can induce biofilm formation in bacteria. We investigated whether sub-MICs of Savlon, chlorhexidine and deconex®, as biocidal products, can induce biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To determine MICs and biofilm formation, we performed microtitre plate assays. All three biocides induced biofilm formation at sub-MICs; Savlon was the most successful antiseptic agent to induce biofilm formation among P. aeruginosa isolates. Deconex had the best inhibition effect on planktonic cultures of P. aeruginosa isolates. We concluded that sub-MICs of Savlon and deconex could significantly induce biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemati
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - N Omidi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Z Mahdavi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - I Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Sholeh M, Maleki F, Krutova M, Bavari S, Golmoradi R, Sadeghifard N, Amiriani T, Kouhsari E. The increasing antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12730. [PMID: 32705749 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori can result in eradication failure. Metadata on the antimicrobial resistance of H pylori in Iran could help to formulate H pylori eradication strategies in Iran. METHODS A systematic review was performed after searching in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was performed, and a comparison of the rates between children and adults; time periods (1999-2010, 2011-2016, 2017-2019); and the methods used was carried out. RESULTS A total of 66 studies investigating 5936 H pylori isolates were analyzed. The weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates were as follows: clarithromycin 21% (95% CI 16-26), metronidazole 62% (95% 57-67), clarithromycin in combination with metronidazole 16% (95% CI 10-23), ciprofloxacin 24% (95% CI 15-33), levofloxacin 18% (95% CI 9-30), erythromycin 29% (95% CI 12-50), furazolidone 13% (95% CI 4-27), tetracycline 8% (95% CI 5-13), and amoxicillin 15% (95% CI 9-22). During the three time periods, there was an increased resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline (P ˂ .05). Furazolidone and a clarithromycin/metronidazole combination had the higher resistance rates in children (P ˂ .05). CONCLUSION An increasing rate of resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline in Iranian H pylori isolates was identified. In children, the resistance to furazolidone and a combination of clarithromycin and metronidazole is higher compared to adults. As a stable, high resistance to metronidazole was found in children and adults in all Iranian provinces, we suggest that metronidazole should not be included in the Iranian H pylori eradication scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farajolah Maleki
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shirin Bavari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Sholeh M, Krutova M, Forouzesh M, Mironov S, Sadeghifard N, Molaeipour L, Maleki A, Kouhsari E. Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile derived from humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:158. [PMID: 32977835 PMCID: PMC7517813 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is an important pathogen of healthcare- associated diarrhea, however, an increase in the occurrence of C. difficile infection (CDI) outside hospital settings has been reported. The accumulation of antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile can increase the risk of CDI development and/or its spread. The limited number of antimicrobials for the treatment of CDI is matter of some concern. Objectives In order to summarize the data on antimicrobial resistance to C. difficile derived from humans, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Methods We searched five bibliographic databases: (MEDLINE [PubMed], Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) for studies that focused on antimicrobial susceptibility testing in C. difficile and were published between 1992 and 2019. The weighted pooled resistance (WPR) for each antimicrobial agent was calculated using a random- effects model. Results A total of 111 studies were included. The WPR for metronidazole and vancomycin was 1.0% (95% CI 0–3%) and 1% (95% CI 0–2%) for the breakpoint > 2 mg/L and 0% (95% CI 0%) for breakpoint ≥32 μg/ml. Rifampin and tigecycline had a WPRs of 37.0% (95% CI 18–58%) and 1% (95% CI 0–3%), respectively. The WPRs for the other antimicrobials were as follows: ciprofloxacin 95% (95% CI 85–100%), moxifloxacin 32% (95% CI 25–40%), clindamycin 59% (95% CI 53–65%), amoxicillin/clavulanate 0% (0–0%), piperacillin/tazobactam 0% (0–0%) and ceftriaxone 47% (95% CI 29–65%). Tetracycline had a WPR 20% (95% CI 14–27%) and meropenem showed 0% (95% CI 0–1%); resistance to fidaxomicin was reported in one isolate (0.08%). Conclusion Resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam is reported rarely. From the alternative CDI drug treatments, tigecycline had a lower resistance rate than rifampin. The high-risk antimicrobials for CDI development showed a high level of resistance, the highest was seen in the second generation of fluoroquinolones and clindamycin; amoxicillin/clavulanate showed almost no resistance. Tetracycline resistance was present in one fifth of human clinical C. difficile isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sholeh
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Assistant professor of Legal medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sergey Mironov
- Department of propaedeutics of dental diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Leila Molaeipour
- Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. .,Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Hematian A, Sadeghifard N, Mohebi R, Taherikalani M, Nasrolahi A, Amraei M, Ghafourian S. Corrigendum to "Traditional and Modern Cell Culture in Virus Diagnosis"[Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(2):77-82]. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32864320 PMCID: PMC7442451 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 77 in vol. 7, PMID: 27169004.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hematian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Morovat Taherikalani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasrolahi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Gheysarzadeh A, Sadeghifard N, Safari M, Balavandi F, Falahi S, Kenarkoohi A, Tavan H. Report of five nurses infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during patient care: case series. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100694. [PMID: 32405418 PMCID: PMC7219377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has received much attention all over the world. Nurses are in the first line of defence against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and are placed in a high-risk situation. This study aimed to report on infection with SARS-CoV-2 during patient care among nures in the Mostafa Khomini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. In this hospital 125 nurses were enrolled in the COVID-19 centre. Five out of 125 nurses (4%) who enrolled in the COVID-19 infection centre, developed COVID-19. They were first positive by real-time PCR but the CT scan was positive for only one of them. None of the infected nurses were hospitalized and all of them preferred to quarantine at home and receive the necessary care and treatment (oseltamivir, azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir). This study showed that, regardless of self caring, the nurses were exposed to the virus, because at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran, there was no special protection against this infection, so the nurses were placed at risk. This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was a good experience for nurses and can be used in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gheysarzadeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - N. Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research, Centre Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - M. Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - F. Balavandi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S. Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A. Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - H. Tavan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa, Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Maleki A, Mirnaseri Z, Kouhsari E, Taherikalani M, Pakzad I, Mohammadi J, Sadeghifard N. Asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella catarrhalis in healthy children. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100691. [PMID: 32514361 PMCID: PMC7267740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close correlation between asymptomatic oropharyngeal colonization by bacterial pathogens and paediatric respiratory diseases. Evaluation of the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella catarrhalis in healthy children was the main aim of the current study. In this cross-sectional study, 123 oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children between 2 and 6 years old in kindergartens of Ilam, Iran. Moraxella catarrhalis and N. meningitidis were identified using phenotypic and genotypic assays. In addition, the occurrence of the virulence factors (ctrA and uspA1) and iron uptake (tbpA) genes was evaluated by PCR. Results showed that 21 M. catarrhalis isolates and 17 N. meningitidis isolates were identified by conventional microbiological and biochemical methods, but the RT-PCR assay detected that 18 and 8 isolates were positive for M. catarrhalis and N. meningitidis, respectively. The tbpA gene was positive in all N. meningitidis and M. catarrhalis isolates. Seven isolates were positive for the ctrA gene in N. meningitidis and seven isolates were positive for the uspA1 gene in M. catarrhalis. These pathogenic bacteria often occurred as asymptomatic carriage of N. meningitidis in children from large families with low economic status, which reflects the importance of the environment and socio-economic level of families in the distribution of these potentially pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of children. Monitoring for the carriage of potential pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx of healthy children is important as this can predispose to infectious diseases; common exposure to human respiratory bacterial pathogens is a further risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Z. Mirnaseri
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E. Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M. Taherikalani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Centre & Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - I. Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - J. Mohammadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - N. Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Teimour pour M, Gheysarzadeh A, Pakzad I, Valadbeigi H, Maleki A, Sadeghifard N. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic analysis of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Elhaki T, Gheysarzadeh A, Sadeghifard N, Pakzad I, Behrouzi A, Taherikalani M, Jalilian FA, Tabasi M, Azizian R. Frequency of Iron Uptake Proteins Related Genes Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
The present study aimed to evaluate Iron uptake protein-related genes in clinical and environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
Background:
Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic pathogen cause infections in immunocompromised patients. Iron uptake systems play an important role in the pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Objectives:
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of iron uptake coding genes among isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 300 isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia including 150 clinical isolates and 150 environmental isolates were selected. Finally, the frequency of iroN, iucD, kfuA,hmuR, and ybt [yHPI] genes were detected by PCR method.
Results:
The frequency of kfuA, iucD, iroN, yHPI in clinical isolates were 33.3%, 16.7%, 24.7%, 15.3%, respectively and these genes among environmental isolates were 20.7%, 6%, 49.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the clinical isolates, the most frequency genes were kfuA gene [50 isolates] and after that iroN [37 isolates], iucD [25 isolates] and yHPI [23 isolates], the genes with the most frequency among environmental isolates were iroN gene [74 isolates] and following that kfuA [31 isolates], iucD [9 isolates] and yHPI [1 isolate]. No hmuR positive samples among all clinical or environmental isolates were found.
Conclusion:
The result of this study showed that because of the high frequency of ferric iron system coding gene kfu among clinical isolates, this system might play an important role in the survival of bacteria against its host.
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Ghaysouri A, Sadeghifard N, Nazari A, Kalvandi G, Feizi J, Qasemi E, Kaffashian MR, Borji M, Kokhazadeh T, Tavan H. New clinical experiences and evaluation of clinical and paraclinical features of deceased patients with COVID-19 infection referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101657. [PMID: 32272197 PMCID: PMC7139241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abas Ghaysouri
- Assistant Professor of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Professor of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Research Center Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Kalvandi
- Associate of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Zoonotic diseases research center, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jalil Feizi
- Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Esmail Qasemi
- Assistant Professor of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kaffashian
- Associate Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Milad Borji
- Nursing Community Health Nursing, Department of Community Health, Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Taleb Kokhazadeh
- MS, Critical care nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hamed Tavan
- MS, Medical Surgical Nursing Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Maleki F, Sadeghifard N, Sedighian H, Bakhtiyari S, Hosseini HM, Fooladi AAI. TGFαL3-SEB fusion protein as an anticancer against ovarian cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 870:172919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Valadbeigi H, HatamiLak M, Maleki A, Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N. Molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and antibiotic resistance determinants in uropathogenic fluoroquinolone resistant-Escherichia coli isolates. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Asadi A, Abdi M, Kouhsari E, Panahi P, Sholeh M, Sadeghifard N, Amiriani T, Ahmadi A, Maleki A, Gholami M. Minocycline, focus on mechanisms of resistance, antibacterial activity, and clinical effectiveness: Back to the future. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:161-174. [PMID: 32061815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing crisis regarding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant microorganisms leads to appealing therapeutic options. METHODS During the last 30 years, minocycline, a wide-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been effective against MDR Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. As with other tetracyclines, the mechanism of action of minocycline involves attaching to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and preventing protein synthesis. RESULTS This antimicrobial agent has been approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris, some sexually transmitted diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Although many reports have been published, there remains limited information regarding the prevalence, mechanism of resistance and clinical effectiveness of minocycline. CONCLUSION Thus, we summarize here the currently available data concerning pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, mechanism of action and resistance, antibacterial activity and clinical effectiveness of minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Abdi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Pegah Panahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Maleki A, Mansournia F, Ghafourian S, Taherikalani M, Pakzad I, Mohammadi J, Kouhsari E, Mahmoudi M, Sadeghifard N. Rapid and direct molecular detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated in oropharynx and nasal cavity of children. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 33:100632. [PMID: 32021693 PMCID: PMC6994787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a direct correlation between asymptomatic oropharyngeal colonization by pathogenic bacteria and the prevalence of paediatric respiratory infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are common cause of serious bacterial infections such as meningitis in children. This study aimed to monitor healthy children to detect asymptomatic carriers of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. In the present cross-sectional study, real-time PCR assay was developed and evaluated in comparison with culture for direct detection of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in 123 oropharynx and nasal cavity specimens from healthy children in Ilam, Iran. In addition, virulence factor (ply and hpd) and iron uptake (tbpA and piuA) genes were evaluated by PCR. Our results demonstrated that among all isolates only 14 S. pneumoniae and eight H. influenzae were identified by phenotypic methods, whereas 37 and 21 S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were identified, respectively, by real-time PCR assay. All S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolates possessed tbpA and piuA genes. Also, 81% (30/37) of S. pneumoniae isolates were positive for ply gene, which encoded pneumolysin, as well as 90% (19/21) of H. influenzae isolates were positive for hpd gene. Simultaneous colonization of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae could indicate the importance of monitoring of healthy children to identification of carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - F Mansournia
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Taherikalani
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - I Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - J Mohammadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E Kouhsari
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Mahmoudi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - N Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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