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Bauleni A, Tiruneh FN, Mwenyenkulu TE, Nkoka O, Chirwa GC, Gowelo S, Chipeta MG, Ntenda PAM. Effects of deworming medication on anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 35016722 PMCID: PMC8753868 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the limited knowledge regarding the effects of deworming medication (DM) on nutritional indicators in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), deworming programmes continue to be implemented in resource-limited countries. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the effects of DM on anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in SSA. METHODS The analysis was performed using data obtained from 17 demographic and health surveys (DHSs) conducted in SSA. Children were considered to be anaemic if their haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was less than 11.0 g/dl, adjusting for altitude. To account for both multiple measures at the cluster level and the clustering of children within the same country, generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse the anaemia outcomes in 50,075 children aged 6-59 months. RESULTS Overall, anaemia was reported in 61.8% of the children, and their median Hb concentration was 10.5 g/dl (interquartile range 9.4-11.5). The prevalence of anaemia ranged from 34.5% in Rwanda to 81.1% in Mali. Multivariate analyses showed that children who did not receive DM had increased odds of being anaemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.16). CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed that DM can decrease the risk of anaemia among preschool-age children (pre-SAC) in SSA. Thus, tailored public health programmes aimed at reducing childhood anaemia need to consider deworming. However, longitudinal studies are needed to validate the association that has been reported in this cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Bauleni
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Fentanesh N Tiruneh
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tisungane E Mwenyenkulu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, PO Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Owen Nkoka
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gowokani C Chirwa
- Department of Economics, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Steve Gowelo
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Michael G Chipeta
- Geospatial Epidemiology, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Peter A M Ntenda
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi.
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Szostakowska B, Ćwikłowska A, Marek-Józefowicz L, Czaplewski A, Grzanka D, Kulawiak-Wasielak N, Sulima M. Concurrent subcutaneous and ocular infections with Dirofilaria repens in a Polish patient: a case report in the light of epidemiological data. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102481. [PMID: 34688883 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonosis caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, most often D. repens and D. immitis. The main final hosts and reservoirs of pathogens are dogs. The intermediate hosts and vectors of infection are female mosquitoes (Culicidae). Human is an accidental host in which the parasite does not usually mature. Over the past 20 years, the range of Dirofilaria spp. in Europe has expanded. We present an unusual case of multifocal dirofilariasis of mixed subcutaneous-ocular course caused by D. repens in a 52-year-old Polish patient who was probably infected in Spain or Croatia, where she stayed one year before the onset of symptoms. Surgical removal of the nematodes followed by treatment with Ivermectin in a single dose of 1200 μg and Doxycycline 200 mg daily for 7 days resulted in complete recovery. We believe that all cases of human dirofilariasis, especially in countries where the disease is not frequent at present, should be registered for epidemiological purposes. Moreover, due to the widening of the range of D. repens and D. immitis occurrence and the possibility of atypical courses of infection with both nematodes, diagnostics should include the species identification of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Szostakowska
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ćwikłowska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Luiza Marek-Józefowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Artur Czaplewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kulawiak-Wasielak
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sulima
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Poché DM, Dawson K, Tseveenjav B, Poché RM. Efficacy of low-dose fipronil bait against blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) larvae feeding on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) under simulated field conditions. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:459. [PMID: 34493330 PMCID: PMC8424918 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme disease, caused primarily by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the United States. Treatment of rodent pathogen reservoirs with an oral acaricide may suppress the production of infected host-seeking ticks posing a risk for human infection. A previous study showed that an oral fipronil bait effectively controlled larval Ixodes scapularis ticks on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) up to 15 days post-bait exposure. The present study expands upon this finding by exposing group-housed white-footed mice to fipronil bait under simulated field conditions prior to tick infestation. METHODS Mice (n = 80) were housed in groups of 10 within large enclosures and offered a choice between fipronil bait within a commercial bait station and an alternative diet. The mice were assigned to two treatment groups and two control groups to undergo bait exposure durations of either 24 h (reduced) or 168 h (extended). Groups were further differentiated by the time point post-bait exposure when larval ticks were applied to mice within feeding capsules (reduced day 1, day 15; extended day 21, day 35). For 4 days post-tick introduction, attached larvae were observed by microscopy and replete larvae were recovered. Replete larvae were monitored for molting success. Plasma was collected from all treatment group mice to obtain fipronil plasma concentrations (CP). RESULTS The fipronil bait (0.005% fipronil) was palatable and controlled larval ticks on white-footed mice when presented under simulated field conditions. Efficacy in preventing attached larvae from feeding to repletion was 100% (day 1), 89.0% (day 15), 85.8% (day 21), and 75.2% (day 35). When also considering molting success, the fipronil bait prevented 100% (day 1), 91.1% (day 15), 91.7% (day 21), and 82.5% (day 35) of larvae attaching to mice from molting. The mean CP per mouse was 191.5 ng/ml (day 1), 29.4 ng/ml (day 15), 10.6 ng/ml (day 21), and 1.0 ng/ml (day 35). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fipronil bait will be consumed by white-footed mice in the presence of an alternative diet, and effectively control larval ticks on treated mice. A field trial is needed to confirm the results of this study. Low-dose fipronil bait may provide a cost-effective means of controlling blacklegged ticks to be integrated into tick management programs.
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Engelman D, Marks M, Steer AC, Beshah A, Biswas G, Chosidow O, Coffeng LE, Lardizabal Dofitas B, Enbiale W, Fallah M, Gasimov E, Hopkins A, Jacobson J, Kaldor JM, Ly F, Mackenzie CD, McVernon J, Parnaby M, Rainima-Qaniuci M, Sokana O, Sankara D, Yotsu R, Yajima A, Cantey PT. A framework for scabies control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009661. [PMID: 34473725 PMCID: PMC8412357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that causes a significant health burden, particularly in disadvantaged communities and where there is overcrowding. There is emerging evidence that ivermectin-based mass drug administration (MDA) can reduce the prevalence of scabies in some settings, but evidence remains limited, and there are no formal guidelines to inform control efforts. An informal World Health Organization (WHO) consultation was organized to find agreement on strategies for global control. The consultation resulted in a framework for scabies control and recommendations for mapping of disease burden, delivery of interventions, and establishing monitoring and evaluation. Key operational research priorities were identified. This framework will allow countries to set control targets for scabies as part of national NTD strategic plans and develop control strategies using MDA for high-prevalence regions and outbreak situations. As further evidence and experience are collected and strategies are refined over time, formal guidelines can be developed. The control of scabies and the reduction of the health burden of scabies and associated conditions will be vital to achieving the targets set in WHO Roadmap for NTDs for 2021 to 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelman
- Tropical Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Children’s Global Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Steer
- Tropical Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Children’s Global Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abate Beshah
- Communicable Diseases, Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Gautam Biswas
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Chosidow
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Luc E. Coffeng
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Belen Lardizabal Dofitas
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Philippine Leprosy Mission, Inc., Manila, Philippines
| | - Wendemagegn Enbiale
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Bahir Dar University, Medicine and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mosoka Fallah
- University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
- Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elkhan Gasimov
- Division of Country Health Programmes, Malaria, Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Vector-borne Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Julie Jacobson
- Bridges to Development, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John M. Kaldor
- Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fatimata Ly
- Dermatology Unit, EPS Institut d’Hygiéne Sociale de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Jodie McVernon
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection Modelling, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Parnaby
- Tropical Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Children’s Global Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Dieudonne Sankara
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rie Yotsu
- Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Yajima
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Medicines, Vaccines and Pharmaceuticals, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul T. Cantey
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Former Medical Officer, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hinckley AF, Niesobecki SA, Connally NP, Hook SA, Biggerstaff BJ, Horiuchi KA, Hojgaard A, Mead PS, Meek JI. Prevention of Lyme and other tickborne diseases using a rodent-targeted approach: A randomized controlled trial in Connecticut. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:578-587. [PMID: 34050628 PMCID: PMC10898493 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tickborne diseases are an increasing public health problem in the northeastern USA. Bait boxes that apply acaricide to rodents have been shown in small field studies to significantly reduce abundance of Ixodes scapularis ticks as well as their pathogen infection rates in treated areas. The effectiveness of this intervention for preventing human tickborne diseases (TBDs) has not been demonstrated. During 2012-2016, TickNET collaborators conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial among 622 Connecticut households. Each household received active (containing fipronil wick) or placebo (empty) bait boxes in their yards over two consecutive years. Information on tick encounters and TBDs among household members was collected through biannual surveys. Nymphal ticks were collected from a subset of 100 properties during spring at baseline, during treatment, and in the year post-intervention. Demographic and property characteristics did not differ between treatment groups. There were no significant differences post-intervention between treatment groups with respect to tick density or pathogen infection rates, nor for tick encounters or TBDs among household members. We found no evidence that rodent-targeted bait boxes disrupt pathogen transmission cycles or significantly reduce household risk of tick exposure or TBDs. The effectiveness of this intervention may depend on scale of use or local enzootic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F Hinckley
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sara A Niesobecki
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neeta P Connally
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Sarah A Hook
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brad J Biggerstaff
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kalanthe A Horiuchi
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Andrias Hojgaard
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul S Mead
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James I Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Farag MR, Abdelnour SA, Patra AK, Dhama K, Dawood MAO, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M. Propolis: Properties and composition, health benefits and applications in fish nutrition. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:179-188. [PMID: 34153430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a viscous, waxy, resinous substance that is produced from the exudates of flowers and buds by the action of salivary enzymes of honey bees. Propolis may differ in color (brown, red or green), with color being influenced by the chemical composition and age of the product. Propolis has a special distinctive odor owing to the high concentration of volatile essential oils. It is composed of 5% pollen grains, 10% essential and aromatic oils, 30% wax, 50% resin and balsams, and other minor trace substances. Natural propolis products may be useful for a range of applications in aquaculture systems instead of relying on the application of synthetic compounds to manage many ailments that affect business profitability. It has been reported in several studies that propolis enhances performance, economics, immunity response and disease resistance in different fish species. This present review discusses the functional actions of propolis and the prospects of its use as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, immune-modulatory, antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and food additive in aquaculture production. In summary, propolis could be a natural supplement that has the potential to improve fish health status and immunity thereby enhancing growth and productivity of the fish industry as well as economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Amlan K Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is transmitted through the bite of Plasmodium-infected adult female Anopheles mosquitoes. Ivermectin, an anti-parasitic drug, acts by killing mosquitoes that are exposed to the drug while feeding on the blood of people (known as blood feeds) who have ingested the drug. This effect on mosquitoes has been demonstrated by individual randomized trials. This effect has generated interest in using ivermectin as a tool for malaria control. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of community administration of ivermectin on malaria transmission. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (CIDG) Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Science Citation index - expanded, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePORTER database to 14 January 2021. We checked the reference lists of included studies for other potentially relevant studies, and contacted researchers working in the field for unpublished and ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included cluster-randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) that compared ivermectin, as single or multiple doses, with a control treatment or placebo given to populations living in malaria-endemic areas, in the context of mass drug administration. Primary outcomes were prevalence of malaria parasite infection and incidence of clinical malaria in the community. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data on the number of events and the number of participants in each trial arm at the time of assessment. For rate data, we noted the total time at risk in each trial arm. To assess risk of bias, we used Cochrane's RoB 2 tool for cRCTs. We documented the method of data analysis, any adjustments for clustering or other covariates, and recorded the estimate of the intra-cluster correlation (ICC) coefficient. We re-analysed the trial data provided by the trial authors to adjust for cluster effects. We used a Poisson mixed-effect model with small sample size correction, and a cluster-level analysis using the linear weighted model to adequately adjust for clustering. MAIN RESULTS: We included one cRCT and identified six ongoing trials. The included cRCT examined the incidence of malaria in eight villages in Burkina Faso, randomized to two arms. Both trial arms received a single dose of ivermectin 150 µg/kg to 200 µg/kg, together with a dose of albendazole. The villages in the intervention arm received an additional five doses of ivermectin, once every three weeks. Children were enrolled into an active cohort, in which they were repeatedly screened for malaria infection. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of uncomplicated malaria in a cohort of children aged five years and younger, over the 18-week study. We judged the study to be at high risk of bias, as the analysis did not account for clustering or correlation between participants in the same village. The study did not demonstrate an effect of Ivermectin on the cumulative incidence of uncomplicated malaria in the cohort of children over the 18-week study (risk ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 1.17; P = 0.2607; very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are uncertain whether community administration of ivermectin has an effect on malaria transmission, based on one trial published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dziedzom K de Souza
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rebecca Thomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Bradley
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clemence Leyrat
- Medical Statistics Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Okebe
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Bresson-Hadni S, Montange D, Richou C, Brumpt E, Fillion A, Bartholomot B, Blagosklonov O, Delabrousse E, Grenouillet F, Vuitton DA, Millon L. Tobacco, cannabis, and liquorice: Hidden players altering albendazole metabolism in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:471-473. [PMID: 33309328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solange Bresson-Hadni
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Centre National de Référence Echinococcoses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; UMR 6249, Chronoenvironnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Services d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie et; de Médecine Tropicale et Humanitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Suisse.
| | - Damien Montange
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Carine Richou
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eléonore Brumpt
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Service de Radiologie Viscérale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Aurélie Fillion
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Chalon sur Saône, France
| | | | - Oleg Blagosklonov
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Delabrousse
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Service de Radiologie Viscérale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; UMR 6249, Chronoenvironnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Sérologie Infectieuse, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique-Angèle Vuitton
- Centre National de Référence Echinococcoses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Centre National de Référence Echinococcoses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; UMR 6249, Chronoenvironnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
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Machado M, Dantas IL, Galvão JG, Lima AD, Gonsalves JKMDC, Almeida EDP, de Araujo GRS, Leal LB, Sarmento VHV, Nunes RS, Lira AAM. Microemulsion systems to enhance the transdermal permeation of ivermectin in dogs: A preliminary in vitro study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:31-38. [PMID: 32920349 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the phase behavior of microemulsions in the transdermal administration ("spot-on") of ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug widely used in the treatment of endoparasites and ectoparasites in dogs. In this regard, pseudoternary phase diagrams composed of water (aqueous phase), isopropyl myristate (oil phase), tween 80 (surfactant) and labrasol (cosurfactant) were obtained in a different surfactant: cosurfactant (S:CS) ratios. S:CS in 1:3 ratio presented a larger region of microemulsion formation and three microemulsions were selected from it and characterized. Subsequently, in vitro permeation and retention studies were conducted using canine skin as membrane. SAXS, rheology and conductivity data were employed to confirm the phase behavior of the microemulsions (w/o, bicontinuous or o/w). The cutaneous permeation and retention tests showed that the w/o microemulsion, followed by bicontinuous microemulsion, resulted in a higher amount of drug permeated through canine skin, suggesting better transdermal permeation. On the other hand, o/w microemulsion resulted in a higher amount of drug accumulated into the skin, suggesting better topical activity. Thus, it can be concluded that phase behavior of microemulsions influenced the drug permeation in the canine skin differently from other animal models. Microemulsions, especially w/o and bicontinuous, can be promising vehicles regarding the transdermal delivery of ivermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Lima Dantas
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gouveia Galvão
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Alyne Dantas Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50739-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Rogéria Souza Nunes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Moreira Lira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil.
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10
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Hardy M, Samuela J, Kama M, Tuicakau M, Romani L, Whitfeld MJ, King CL, Weil GJ, Grobler AC, Robinson LJ, Kaldor JM, Steer AC. The safety of combined triple drug therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in the neglected tropical diseases co-endemic setting of Fiji: A cluster randomised trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008106. [PMID: 32176703 PMCID: PMC7098623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis has remained endemic in Fiji despite repeated mass drug administration using the well-established and safe combination of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (DA) since 2002. In certain settings the addition of ivermectin to this combination (IDA) remains a safe strategy and is more efficacious. However, the safety has yet to be described in scabies and soil-transmitted helminth endemic settings like Fiji. Villages of Rotuma and Gau islands were randomised to either DA or IDA. Residents received weight-based treatment unblinded with standard exclusions. Participants were actively found and asked by a nurse about their health daily for the first two days and then asked to seek review for the next five days if unwell. Anyone with severe symptoms were reviewed by a doctor and any serious adverse event was reported to the Medical Monitor and Data Safety Monitoring Board. Of 3612 enrolled and eligible participants, 1216 were randomised to DA and 2396 to IDA. Age and sex in both groups were representative of the population. Over 99% (3598) of participants completed 7 days follow-up. Adverse events were reported by 600 participants (16.7%), distributed equally between treatment groups, with most graded as mild (93.2%). There were three serious adverse events, all judged not attributable to treatment by an independent medical monitor. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported by 8.5%, with headache, dizziness, nausea and arthralgia being the next four most common symptoms. Adverse events were more likely in participants with microfilaremia (43.2% versus 15.7%), but adverse event frequency was not related to the presence of scabies or soil-transmitted helminth infection. IDA has comparable safety to DA with the same frequency of adverse events experienced following community mass drug administration. The presence of co-endemic infections did not increase adverse events. IDA can be used in community programs where preventative chemotherapy is needed for control of lymphatic filariasis and other neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Hardy
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josaia Samuela
- Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mike Kama
- Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Lucia Romani
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margot J. Whitfeld
- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher L. King
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Weil
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anneke C. Grobler
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leanne J. Robinson
- Vector-borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M. Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cheng TA, Mzahim B, Koenig KL, Alsugair A, Al-Wabel A, Almutairi BS, Maysa E, Kahn CA. Scabies: Application of the Novel Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Detection and Management. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:191-198. [PMID: 32191175 PMCID: PMC7081864 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a highly contagious, globally prevalent, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, also known as the itch mite. There have been outbreaks not only in the developing world, but also in the developed world among refugees and asylum seekers. Once infested with scabies mites, symptomatic patients, as well as asymptomatic carriers, quickly spread the disease through direct skin-to-skin contact. Typically, symptoms of scabies are characterized by an erythematous, papular, pruritic rash associated with burrows. Treatment of scabies involves using topical or systemic scabicides and treating secondary bacterial infections, if present. Given the prevalence and contagiousness of scabies, measures to prevent its spread are essential. Through application of the novel Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, emergency medical providers can readily identify risk factors for exposure and important symptoms of the disease, thus limiting its spread through prompt scabicide therapy; isolate the patient until after treatment; and inform local public health authorities and hospital infection prevention, when appropriate. Ultimately, these three actions can aid public health in controlling the transmission of scabies cases, thus ensuring the protection of the general public from this highly contagious skin infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha A. Cheng
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Emergency Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Kristi L. Koenig
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California
- County of San Diego, Health & Human Services Agency, Emergency Medical Services, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A. Kahn
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Emergency Medicine, La Jolla, California
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12
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Mandro M, Siewe Fodjo JN, Mukendi D, Dusabimana A, Menon S, Haesendonckx S, Lokonda R, Nakato S, Nyisi F, Abhafule G, Wonya’Rossi D, Jakwong JM, Suykerbuyk P, Meganck J, Hotterbeekx A, Colebunders R. Ivermectin as an adjuvant to anti-epileptic treatment in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: A randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007966. [PMID: 31923177 PMCID: PMC6977765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent findings from onchocerciasis-endemic foci uphold that increasing ivermectin coverage reduces the epilepsy incidence, and anecdotal evidence suggests seizure frequency reduction in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy, when treated with ivermectin. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to assess whether ivermectin treatment decreases seizure frequency. METHODS A proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Logo health zone in the Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo, to compare seizure frequencies in onchocerciasis-infected persons with epilepsy (PWE) randomized to one of two treatment arms: the anti-epileptic drug phenobarbital supplemented with ivermectin, versus phenobarbital alone. The primary endpoint was defined as the probability of being seizure-free at month 4. A secondary endpoint was defined as >50% reduction in seizure frequency at month 4, compared to baseline. Both endpoints were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. In longitudinal analysis, the probability of seizure freedom during the follow-up period was assessed for both treatment arms by fitting a logistic regression model using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS Ninety PWE enrolled between October and November 2017 were eligible for analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed a borderline association between ivermectin treatment and being seizure-free at month 4 (OR: 1.652, 95% CI 0.975-2.799; p = 0.062). There was no significant difference in the probability of experiencing >50% reduction of the seizure frequency at month 4 between the two treatment arms. Also, treatment with ivermectin did not significantly increase the odds of being seizure-free during the individual follow-up visits. CONCLUSION Whether ivermectin has an added value in reducing the frequency of seizures in PWE treated with AED remains to be determined. A larger study in persons with OAE on a stable AED regimen and in persons with recent epilepsy onset should be considered to further investigate the potential beneficial effect of ivermectin treatment in persons with OAE. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03052998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mandro
- Provincial Ministry of Health, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Deby Mukendi
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Sonia Menon
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Lokonda
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Swabra Nakato
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francoise Nyisi
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Germain Abhafule
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Deogratias Wonya’Rossi
- Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Marie Jakwong
- Hôpital Général de Référence de Logo, Logo, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jacques Meganck
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Sun Y, Chen D, Pan Y, Qu W, Hao H, Wang X, Liu Z, Xie S. Nanoparticles for antiparasitic drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1206-1221. [PMID: 31746243 PMCID: PMC6882479 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1692968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging novel drug carrier, nanoparticles provide a promising way for effective treatment of parasitic diseases by overcoming the shortcomings of low bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, nonspecific distribution and rapid elimination of antiparasitic drugs from the body. In recent years, some kinds of ideal nanocarriers have been developed for antiparasitic drug delivery. In this review, the progress of the enhanced antiparasitic effects of different nanoparticles payload and their influencing factors were firstly summarized. Secondly, the transport and disposition process in the body were reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanoparticles for antiparasitic drug delivery were proposed. This review will help scholars to understand the development trend of nanoparticles in the treatment of parasitic diseases and explore strategies in the development of more efficient nanocarriers to overcome the difficulty in the treatment of parasite infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
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14
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Shvarts B, Barski L. Giant Hydatid Lung Cyst. Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21:698-699. [PMID: 31599515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Shvarts
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Leonid Barski
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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15
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Kokubu H, Takahashi T, Tateishi C, Tsuruta D, Hashimoto T, Tanaka T, Fujimoto N. Serological investigation of bullous scabies and review of the published work. J Dermatol 2019; 46:e324-e325. [PMID: 30969443 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Kokubu
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Chiharu Tateishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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16
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Sturgess-Osborne C, Burgess S, Mitchell S, Wall R. Multiple resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 272:79-82. [PMID: 31395209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The astigmatid mite Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Proroptidae) causes the highly contagious and debilitating ovine disease, sheep scab. This ectoparasitic infection has a high economic and animal welfare impact on British sheep farming. Following recent work demonstrating resistance of Psoroptes mites to moxidectin, a widely used macrocyclic lactone (ML) treatment for scab, the current study compared the toxicity of three of the commonly administered macrocylic lactone therapeutic treatments (moxidectin, ivermectin and doramectin) to P. ovis from outbreak populations that had appeared unresponsive to treatment. These outbreak populations were from Wales and south west England. The data presented demonstrate that there is resistance to all three available ML compounds in populations of Psoroptes mites. However, considerable variation in response suggested that resistance alone was not responsible for the reported lack of efficacy in all of the submitted cases; lack of response in others may be associated with inappropriate treatment application or management. These data highlight the importance of the appropriate use of these compounds to manage national scab incidence at levels that are consistent with acceptable animal welfare standards, while attempting to reduce the development and spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sturgess-Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - S Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - S Mitchell
- APHA Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - R Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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17
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Romani L, Whitfeld MJ, Koroivueta J, Kama M, Wand H, Tikoduadua L, Tuicakau M, Koroi A, Andrews RM, Kaldor JM, Steer AC. Mass Drug Administration for Scabies - 2 Years of Follow-up. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:186-187. [PMID: 31242358 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1808439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romani
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Josefa Koroivueta
- Fiji Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mike Kama
- Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Handan Wand
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Aminiasi Koroi
- Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ross M Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - John M Kaldor
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Singh OP, Gedda MR, Mudavath SL, Srivastava ON, Sundar S. Envisioning the innovations in nanomedicine to combat visceral leishmaniasis: for future theranostic application. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1911-1927. [PMID: 31313971 PMCID: PMC7006826 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening parasitic disease affecting impoverished people of the developing world; and much effort has been spent on the early case detection and treatment. However, current diagnostics and treatment options are not sufficient for appropriate surveillance in VL elimination setting. Hence, there is a dire need to develop highly sensitive diagnostics and less toxic effective treatments for proper management of cases and to achieve the sustained disease elimination. Although, promising results have been observed with nanomedicines in leishmaniasis; there are great challenges ahead especially in translating this to clinical setting. This review provides updated progress of nanomedicines in VL, and discussed how these innovations and future directions play vital role in achieving VL elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Singh
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Onkar Nath Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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19
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Foy BD, Alout H, Seaman JA, Rao S, Magalhaes T, Wade M, Parikh S, Soma DD, Sagna AB, Fournet F, Slater HC, Bougma R, Drabo F, Diabaté A, Coulidiaty AGV, Rouamba N, Dabiré RK. Efficacy and risk of harms of repeat ivermectin mass drug administrations for control of malaria (RIMDAMAL): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2019; 393:1517-1526. [PMID: 30878222 PMCID: PMC6459982 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivermectin is widely used in mass drug administrations for controlling neglected parasitic diseases, and can be lethal to malaria vectors that bite treated humans. Therefore, it could be a new tool to reduce plasmodium transmission. We tested the hypothesis that frequently repeated mass administrations of ivermectin to village residents would reduce clinical malaria episodes in children and would be well tolerated with minimal harms. METHODS We invited villages (clusters) in Burkina Faso to participate in a single-blind (outcomes assessor), parallel-assignment, two-arm, cluster-randomised trial over the 2015 rainy season. Villages were assigned (1:1) by random draw to either the intervention group or the control group. In both groups, all eligible participants who consented to the treatment and were at least 90 cm in height received single oral doses of ivermectin (150-200 μg/kg) and albendazole (400 mg), and those in the intervention group received five further doses of ivermectin alone at 3-week intervals thereafter over the 18-week treatment phase. The primary outcome was cumulative incidence of uncomplicated malaria episodes over 18 weeks (analysed on a cluster intention-to-treat basis) in an active case detection cohort of children aged 5 years or younger living in the study villages. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02509481. FINDINGS Eight villages agreed to participate, and four were randomly assigned to each group. 2712 participants (1333 [49%] males and 1379 [51%] females; median age 15 years [IQR 6-34]), including 590 children aged 5 years or younger, provided consent and were enrolled between May 22 and July 20, 2015 (except for 77 participants enrolled after these dates because of unavailability before the first mass drug administration, travel into the village during the trial, or birth), with 1447 enrolled into the intervention group and 1265 into the control group. 330 (23%) participants in the intervention group and 233 (18%) in the control group met the exclusion criteria for mass drug administration. Most children in the active case detection cohort were not treated because of height restrictions. 14 (4%) children in the intervention group and 10 (4%) in the control group were lost to follow-up. Cumulative malaria incidence was reduced in the intervention group (648 episodes among 327 children; estimated mean 2·00 episodes per child) compared with the control group (647 episodes among 263 children; 2·49 episodes per child; risk difference -0·49 [95% CI -0·79 to -0·21], p=0·0009, adjusted for sex and clustering). The risk of adverse events among all participants did not differ between groups (45 events [3%] among 1447 participants in the intervention group vs 24 events [2%] among 1265 in the control group; risk ratio 1·63 [1·01 to 2·67]; risk difference 1·21 [0·04 to 2·38], p=0·060), and no adverse reactions were reported. INTERPRETATION Frequently repeated mass administrations of ivermectin during the malaria transmission season can reduce malaria episodes among children without significantly increasing harms in the populace. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Foy
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Haoues Alout
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan A Seaman
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Martina Wade
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunil Parikh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dieudonné D Soma
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences, Western Regional Direction, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; International Mixed Laboratory on Vector Diseases, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - André B Sagna
- International Mixed Laboratory on Vector Diseases, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Research Institute for Development, Infectious Diseases, and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Fournet
- International Mixed Laboratory on Vector Diseases, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Research Institute for Development, Infectious Diseases, and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hannah C Slater
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roland Bougma
- National Program for the Fight against Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - François Drabo
- National Program for the Fight against Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences, Western Regional Direction, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; International Mixed Laboratory on Vector Diseases, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Nöel Rouamba
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences, Western Regional Direction, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences, Western Regional Direction, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; International Mixed Laboratory on Vector Diseases, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Vray M, Hedible BG, Adam P, Tondeur L, Manirazika A, Randremanana R, Mainassara H, Briend A, Artaud C, von Platen C, Altmann M, Jambou R. A multicenter, randomized controlled comparison of three renutrition strategies for the management of moderate acute malnutrition among children aged from 6 to 24 months (the MALINEA project). Trials 2018; 19:666. [PMID: 30514364 PMCID: PMC6278112 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in four African countries (Madagascar, Niger, Central African Republic, and Senegal) is to compare three strategies of renutrition for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in children based on modulation of the gut microbiota with enriched flours alone, enriched flours with prebiotics or enriched flours coupled with antibiotic treatment. METHODS To be included, children aged between 6 months and 2 years are preselected based on mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and are included based on a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between - 3 and - 2 standard deviations (SD). As per current protocols, children receive renutrition treatment for 12 weeks and are assessed weekly to determine improvement. The primary endpoint is recovery, defined by a WHZ ≥ - 1.5 SD after 12 weeks of treatment. Data collected include clinical and socioeconomic characteristics, side effects, compliance and tolerance to interventions. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota is conducted at inclusion, 3 months, and 6 months. The cognitive development of children is evaluated in Senegal using only the Developmental Milestones Checklist II (DMC II) questionnaire at inclusion and at 3, 6, and 9 months. The data will be correlated with renutrition efficacy and metagenomic data. DISCUSSION This study will provide new insights for the treatment of MAM, as well as original data on the modulation of gut microbiota during the renutrition process to support (or not) the microbiota hypothesis of malnutrition. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03474276 Last update 28 May 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Vray
- Unité d’Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Unité des Epidémies et des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Boris G. Hedible
- Unité d’Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Pierrick Adam
- Unité des Epidémies et des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Unité des Epidémies et des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Manirazika
- Unité d’Epidémiologie Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Rindra Randremanana
- Unité d’Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP1274, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Cecile Artaud
- Centre de recherche Transactionnel, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cassandre von Platen
- Centre de recherche Transactionnel, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Altmann
- Action Contre la Faim, 14/16 Boulevard Douaumont – CS 80060, PARIS CEDEX 17, 75854 Paris, France
| | - Ronan Jambou
- Department of Parasites and Vector Insects, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Singh M, Saha RK, Saha H, Parhi J. Effect of miconazole nitrate on immunological response and its preventive efficacy in Labeo rohita fingerlings against oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1539-1548. [PMID: 30105863 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sublethal doses of antifungal drug miconazole nitrate (MCZ) on immunological responses and its role as a prophylactic drug against S. parasitica in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were fed with sublethal doses of MCZ, that is, T1-6.30 mgMCZ kgBW-1 , T2-12.61 mgMCZ kgBW-1 and T3-25.22 mgMCZ kgBW-1 , and sampling was done at different time intervals for 240 hr. Immunological parameters viz. lysozyme activity, oxygen radical production and plasma antiprotease activity showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in fish fed with T2 and T3 doses. Expression of immune-relevant genes such as TLR-22 and β2-M showed significantly higher expression at 6 hr and 24 hr of sampling in both liver and head kidney. However, these genes showed a downregulation after 120 hr of sampling in both the tissues. Preventive efficacy study showed that single dose of MCZ provides protection against oomycetes up to the fourth day of infection. Significantly higher mortality was observed in control diet-fed fish as compared to fish fed with MCZ medicated diet. Thus, it can be concluded that the MCZ can act as a potent antifungal agent for preventing oomycetes infection as well as to enhance the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Singh
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Ratan Kumar Saha
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Himadri Saha
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Janmejay Parhi
- Department of Fish Genetics and Reproduction, College of Fisheries, CAU, Agartala, Tripura, India
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Wanji S, Chounna Ndongmo WP, Fombad FF, Kengne-Ouafo JA, Njouendou AJ, Longang Tchounkeu YF, Koudou B, Bockarie M, Fobi G, Roungou JB, Enyong PA. Impact of repeated annual community directed treatment with ivermectin on loiasis parasitological indicators in Cameroon: Implications for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis elimination in areas co-endemic with Loa loa in Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006750. [PMID: 30226900 PMCID: PMC6161907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loiasis is a filarial infection endemic in the rainforest zone of west and central Africa particularly in Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Repeated treatments with ivermectin have been delivered using the annual community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) approach for several years to control onchocerciasis in some Loa loa-Onchocerca volvulus co-endemic areas. The impact of CDTI on loiasis parasitological indicators is not known. We, therefore, designed this cross sectional study to explore the effects of several rounds of CDTI on parasitological indicators of loiasis. Methodology/Principal findings The study was conducted in the East, Northwest and Southwest 2 CDTI projects of Cameroon. Individuals who consented to participate were interviewed for ivermectin treatment history and enrolled for parasitological screening using thick smears. Ivermectin treatment history was correlated with loiasis prevalence/intensity. A total of 3,684 individuals were recruited from 36 communities of the 3 CDTI projects and 900 individuals from 9 villages in a non-CDTI district. In the East, loiasis prevalence was 29.3% (range = 24.2%–34.6%) in the non-CDTI district but 16.0% (3.3%–26.6%) in the CDTI district with 10 ivermectin rounds (there were no baseline data for the latter). In the Northwest and Southwest 2 districts, reductions from 30.5% to 17.9% (after 9 ivermectin rounds) but from 8.1% to 7.8% (not significantly different after 14 rounds) were registered post CDTI, respectively. Similar trends in infection intensity were observed in all sites. There was a negative relationship between adherence to ivermectin treatment and prevalence/intensity of infection in all sites. None of the children (aged 10–14 years) examined in the East CDTI project harboured high (8,000–30,000 mf/ml) or very high (>30,000 mf/ml) microfilarial loads. Individuals who had taken >5 ivermectin treatments were 2.1 times more likely to present with no microfilaraemia than those with less treatments. Conclusion In areas where onchocerciasis and loiasis are co-endemic, CDTI reduces the number of, and microfilaraemia in L. loa-infected individuals, and this, in turn, will help to prevent non-neurological and neurological complications post-ivermectin treatment among CDTI adherents. Loa loa (the parasite causing loiasis), also known as African eye worm, is endemic in forest areas of west and central Africa. In several of the endemic areas, it co-exists with onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF). Because of the benefit individuals suffering from onchocerciasis could have by taking ivermectin where the disease is severe, despite the risk of developing serious side-effects due to being co-infected with L. loa, mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin for the control of onchocerciasis has been ongoing in areas where the two diseases overlap. Ivermectin is also effective against loiasis. It is, therefore, hypothesized that several years of ivermectin MDA against onchocerciasis in those areas may have impacted on parasitological indicators for loiasis. In particular, we assess the impact of annual community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) on loiasis with specific reference to the relationship between adherence to treatment and the risk of developing severe (nervous system) complications following ivermectin treatment. We also discuss the feasibility of eliminating onchocerciasis and/or LF in areas endemic for L. loa with ivermectin as the sole intervention tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wanji
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Winston Patrick Chounna Ndongmo
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fanny Fri Fombad
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jonas Arnaud Kengne-Ouafo
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Abdel Jelil Njouendou
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Benjamin Koudou
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases (incorporating the Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Moses Bockarie
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases (incorporating the Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Fobi
- African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Peter A. Enyong
- Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
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Kultscher L, Joachim A, Wittek T. [Occurrence and management of endoparasites in alpacas in Germany and Austria]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018; 46:241-248. [PMID: 30142654 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-170766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain an overview of management practices, diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy of endoparasite infections in alpaca herds and of the animal owners perception of this topic, and to combine these data with management data to develop recommendations for prevention and prophylaxis of endoparasitoses in New World camelids. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire collected information concerning animal husbandry, feeding and care as well as on prevalence, prophylaxis and therapy of endoparasitoses. The questionnaire was sent to 349 alpaca farms in Germany and 67 in Austria, and was completed and returned by 81 farms, 65 (18.6 %) from Germany and 16 (23.9 %) from Austria. RESULTS Differences in regional parasite distribution were not observed. Coccidia and gastrointestinal strongyles were the most frequent endoparasites detected by faecal examination. In total, 91.0 % of the farms submitted samples for coproscopy; however the frequency of examinations varied very widely. The subjective assessment of the pasture showed a relatively low association to endoparasite infections. Inefficacy of antiparasitic drugs was suspected by the owners in 17.2 % and 12.5 % of the herds in Germany and Austria, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones were the most commonly used drugs (80.0 % of the herds), but benzimidazoles and monepantel were also widely used. Antiparasitic drugs were regularly rotated by 61.0 % of the owners. Independent of the pasture area available per animal, the risk of lethal cases because of endoparasite infection (primarily due to Haemonchus contortus) was significantly higher in larger herds (≥ 50 animals) compared to smaller farms (≤ 10 animals). CONCLUSION A major conclusion drawn from the questionnaire is that faecal examination is definitely advisable before any anthelmintic treatment to monitor the current parasite infection status in the herd and to avoid unnecessary or ineffective treatments or drug rotations. This also facilitates the application of selective, specific anthelmintic treatment, a concept which is currently applied only by 29.0 % of the German farms and 35.7 % of the Austrian farms.
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Lydeamore MJ, Campbell PT, Regan DG, Tong SYC, Andrews RM, Steer AC, Romani L, Kaldor JM, McVernon J, McCaw JM. A biological model of scabies infection dynamics and treatment informs mass drug administration strategies to increase the likelihood of elimination. Math Biosci 2018; 309:163-173. [PMID: 30149021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Sarcoptes scabiei, or scabies, remain common in many disadvantaged populations. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been used in such settings to achieve a rapid reduction in infection and transmission, with the goal of eliminating the public health burden of scabies. While prevalence has been observed to fall substantially following such an intervention, in some instances resurgence of infection to baseline levels has occurred over several years. To explore the biology underpinning this phenomenon, we have developed a theoretical model of scabies life-cycle and transmission dynamics in a homogeneously mixing population, and simulate the impact of mass drug treatment strategies acting on egg and mite life cycle stages (ovicidal) or mites alone (non-ovicidal). In order to investigate the dynamics of the system, we first define and calculate the optimal interval between treatment doses. We calculate the probability of eradication as a function of the number of optimally-timed successive treatment doses and the number of years over which a program is run. For the non-ovicidal intervention, we first show that at least two optimally-timed doses are required to achieve eradication. We then demonstrate that while more doses over a small number of years provides the highest chance of eradication, a similar outcome can be achieved with fewer doses delivered annually over a longer period of time. For the ovicidal intervention, we find that doses should be delivered as close together as possible. This work provides a platform for further research into optimal treatment strategies which may incorporate heterogeneity of transmission, and the interplay between MDA and enhancement of continuing scabies surveillance and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lydeamore
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P T Campbell
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D G Regan
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Australia
| | - S Y C Tong
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - R M Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - A C Steer
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Romani
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Australia
| | - J M Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Australia
| | - J McVernon
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J M McCaw
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Peña-Espinoza M, Valente AH, Thamsborg SM, Simonsen HT, Boas U, Enemark HL, López-Muñoz R, Williams AR. Antiparasitic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus) and its natural bioactive compounds in livestock: a review. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:475. [PMID: 30134991 PMCID: PMC6106872 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of livestock and concerns about chemical residues in animal products and the environment are driving the development of alternative control strategies that are less reliant on the use of synthetic drugs. An increasingly investigated approach is the use of bioactive forages with antiparasitic properties as part of the animal's diet (nutraceuticals) or as potential sources of novel, natural parasiticides. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a multi-purpose crop and one of the most promising bioactive forages in temperate regions, and numerous in vivo trials have explored its potential against parasitic nematodes in livestock. However, it is unclear whether chicory can induce a direct and broad activity against various GI parasites in different livestock species, and the levels of chicory in the diet that are required to exert an efficient antiparasitic effect. Moreover, the mechanisms leading to the reported parasiticidal activity of chicory are still largely unknown, and its bioactive phytochemicals have only recently been investigated. In this review, we summarise the progress in the study of the antiparasitic activity of chicory and its natural bioactive compounds against GI parasites in livestock, through examination of the published literature. The available evidence indicates that feeding chicory can reduce faecal egg counts and/or worm burdens of abomasal nematodes, but not infections with intestinal worms, in ruminants. Highly chicory-rich diets (≥ 70% of chicory dry matter in the diet) may be necessary to directly affect abomasal parasitism. Chicory is known to synthesise several bioactive compounds with potential antiparasitic activity, but most research has been devoted to the role of sesquiterpene lactones (SL). Recent in vitro studies have confirmed direct and potent activity of SL-rich extracts from chicory against different GI helminths of livestock. Chicory SL have also been reported to exhibit antimalarial properties and its potential antiprotozoal activity in livestock remains to be evaluated. Furthermore, the detailed identification of the main antiparasitic metabolites of chicory and their pharmacokinetics need further confirmation. Research gaps and perspectives on the potential use of chicory as a nutraceutical forage and a source of bioactive compounds for parasite control in livestock are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angela H. Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik T. Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Boas
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi L. Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Sentrum Norway
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Nieman CC, Floate KD, Düring RA, Heinrich AP, Young DK, Schaefer DM. Eprinomectin from a sustained release formulation adversely affected dung breeding insects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201074. [PMID: 30080892 PMCID: PMC6078490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of parasiticide residues in dung of cattle treated with a sustained release eprinomectin formulation was examined, and an improved eprinomectin dung residue extraction method is presented. Emergent insect abundance and richness were significantly reduced in all post-treatment intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 d), relative to pre-treatment. Emergent insect diversity was reduced for between 84 and 112 d post-treatment. Collembola were not affected by residues. Chemical analyses subsequently documented residues of eprinomectin in dung of each collection period post-treatment at levels expected based on previously reported excretion profiles for this product. Cattle subcutaneously injected with this product excreted residues that reduced dung-breeding insect emergence for 5 mo post-treatment. The consequences of these long-term non-target effects to pasture ecosystems are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Nieman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre P. Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel K. Young
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Schaefer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (Credelio TM) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:413. [PMID: 30001731 PMCID: PMC6044019 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner, approved for dogs as a chewable tablet formulation, has separately been developed for oral use in cats (CredelioTM chewable tablets for cats), to meet the need for an easy to use, safe and rapidly effective parasiticide. It is a valid cat- and owner-friendly alternative to topical products. This manuscript describes three pivotal laboratory studies assessing the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner in cats against Ixodes ricinus ticks following a single oral administration, at a dose rate close to 6 mg/kg. METHODS In Studies 1 and 2, efficacy and safety were evaluated 48 h after treatment and post-treatment weekly infestations in 16 cats, against untreated controls, for 35 days. In Study 3, efficacy and safety were assessed in 8 lotilaner-treated cats until Day 35, before and after 24 h incubation of the female live ticks removed from the animals 12, 18 and 24 h after dosing and subsequent weekly infestations. RESULTS Efficacy was > 99% on days 23 and 37, and 100% on all other timepoints in Study 1. In Study 2 it was > 98% on Days 9 and 37, and 100% on all other days. In Study 3, on Day 0, lotilaner was > 90% efficacious, pre- and post-incubation at all time-points. On Day 7, at 12 hours after infestation, efficacy was 100%, pre- and post-incubation. On Day 14, there was a 66.5% reduction in geometric mean live tick counts in treated cats compared to controls, increasing, after incubation, to 94.4%. Afterwards, efficacy decreased below 90% while tick counts in the treated groups remained significantly lower compared to controls. At 18 hours, lotilaner was ≥ 90% efficacious through Day 37, increasing to 100% at 24 hours, on all study days, with the exception of Day 28 (98.9 and 99.1% pre- and post-incubation, respectively). There were no treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS At the minimum dose rate of 6 mg/kg, lotilaner was efficacious against I. ricinus ticks. In addition, lotilaner was effective against this tick within 12 hours of treatment, reaching 100% efficacy within 24 hours. Lotilaner sustained a rapid kill of newly infesting I. ricinus through 35 days. By quickly killing ticks that infest cats, lotilaner has the potential to contribute to the reduction of tick-borne pathogens transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Drake
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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DeBoer MD, Platts-Mills JA, Scharf RJ, McDermid JM, Wanjuhi AW, Gratz J, Svensen E, Swann JR, Donowitz JR, Jatosh S, Houpt ER, Mduma E. Early Life Interventions for Childhood Growth and Development in Tanzania (ELICIT): a protocol for a randomised factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin, nitazoxanide and nicotinamide. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021817. [PMID: 29982218 PMCID: PMC6042604 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In many developing areas in the world, a high burden of enteric pathogens in early childhood are associated with growth deficits. The tryptophan-kynurenine-niacin pathway has been linked to enteric inflammatory responses to intestinal infections. However, it is not known in these settings whether scheduled antimicrobial intervention to reduce subclinical enteric pathogen carriage or repletion of the tryptophan-kynurenine-niacin pathway improves linear growth and development. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are conducting a randomised, placebo-controlled, factorial intervention trial in the rural setting of Haydom, Tanzania. We are recruiting 1188 children within the first 14 days of life, who will be randomised in a 2×2 factorial design to administration of antimicrobials (azithromycin and nitazoxanide, randomised together) and nicotinamide. The nicotinamide is administered as a daily oral dose, which for breast-feeding children aged 0-6 months is given to the mother and for children aged 6-18 months is given to the child directly. Azithromycin is given to the child as a single oral dose at months 6, 9, 12 and 15; nitazoxanide is given as a 3-day course at months 12 and 15. Mother/child pairs are followed via monthly in-home visits. The primary outcome is the child's length-for-age Z-score at 18 months. Secondary outcomes for the child include additional anthropometry measures; stool pathogen burden and bacterial microbiome; systemic and enteric inflammation; blood metabolomics, growth factors, inflammation and nutrition; hydrogen breath assessment to estimate small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth and assessment of cognitive development. Secondary outcomes for the mother include breastmilk content of nicotinamide, other vitamins and amino acids; blood measures of tryptophan-kynurenine-niacin pathway and stool pathogens. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has been approved by the Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research, the Tanzanian FDA and the University of Virginia IRB. Findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-review journals. PROTOCOL VERSION 5.0, 4 December 2017. PROTOCOL SPONSOR Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Manyara, Tanzania. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03268902; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J Scharf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joann M McDermid
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anne W Wanjuhi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jean Gratz
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erling Svensen
- Department of Global Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon R Swann
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey R Donowitz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Samwel Jatosh
- Haydom Global Health Research Centre, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Tanzania
| | - Eric R Houpt
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Estomih Mduma
- Haydom Global Health Research Centre, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Tanzania
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Verver S, Walker M, Kim YE, Fobi G, Tekle AH, Zouré HGM, Wanji S, Boakye DA, Kuesel AC, de Vlas SJ, Boussinesq M, Basáñez MG, Stolk WA. How Can Onchocerciasis Elimination in Africa Be Accelerated? Modeling the Impact of Increased Ivermectin Treatment Frequency and Complementary Vector Control. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66:S267-S274. [PMID: 29860291 PMCID: PMC5982715 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Great strides have been made toward onchocerciasis elimination by mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. Focusing on MDA-eligible areas, we investigated where the elimination goal can be achieved by 2025 by continuation of current practice (annual MDA with ivermectin) and where intensification or additional vector control is required. We did not consider areas hypoendemic for onchocerciasis with loiasis coendemicity where MDA is contraindicated. Methods We used 2 previously published mathematical models, ONCHOSIM and EPIONCHO, to simulate future trends in microfilarial prevalence for 80 different settings (defined by precontrol endemicity and past MDA frequency and coverage) under different future treatment scenarios (annual, biannual, or quarterly MDA with different treatment coverage through 2025, with or without vector control strategies), assessing for each strategy whether it eventually leads to elimination. Results Areas with 40%-50% precontrol microfilarial prevalence and ≥10 years of annual MDA may achieve elimination with a further 7 years of annual MDA, if not achieved already, according to both models. For most areas with 70%-80% precontrol prevalence, ONCHOSIM predicts that either annual or biannual MDA is sufficient to achieve elimination by 2025, whereas EPIONCHO predicts that elimination will not be achieved even with complementary vector control. Conclusions Whether elimination will be reached by 2025 depends on precontrol endemicity, control history, and strategies chosen from now until 2025. Biannual or quarterly MDA will accelerate progress toward elimination but cannot guarantee it by 2025 in high-endemicity areas. Long-term concomitant MDA and vector control for high-endemicity areas might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Verver
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grace Fobi
- Independent Consultant, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Samuel Wanji
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon
| | - Annette C Kuesel
- United Nations Children’s Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sake J de Vlas
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma A Stolk
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Modi K, Patel D, Shwayder T. Scalp-to-toes application of permethrin for patients with scabies. Dermatol Online J 2018; 24:13030/qt1zz05980. [PMID: 30142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies is an infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei resulting in intensely pruritic erythematous papules tipped with hemorrhagic crusts. Current guidelines and medication labels instruct application of topical permethrin 5% cream from neck down for treatment of adult patients with scabies. Although scalp and head involvement are observed in infants, it is rare in older children and adults. Herein, we present a case of an 11-month-old patient who had scalp involvement, and required a scalp-to-toes application of permethrin. We also present a 77-year-old patient with scabies involving the head, who failed initial treatment when permethrin was applied neck down, but had subsequent resolution when it was applied scalp-to-toes. These cases provide impetus for review of current guidelines to reflect application of topical permethrin 5% cream to all external surfaces of the body including the scalp and head.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tor Shwayder
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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Hujoel IA, Jaeger TM. 65-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Eosinophilia. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:646-650. [PMID: 29395353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Hujoel
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas M Jaeger
- Advisor to resident and Consultant in Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Motaze NV, Nwachukwu C, Humphreys E. Treatment interventions for diarrhoea in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children: a systematic review. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 29:208. [PMID: 30100962 PMCID: PMC6080967 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.208.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seventy percent of an estimated 10 million children less than five years of age in developing countries die each year of acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, measles, malaria, malnutrition or a combination of these conditions. Children living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk of diarrhoea because of drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy and bottle feeding. This may be aggravated by malnutrition and other infectious diseases which are frequent in children living with HIV. Objective: to evaluate treatment interventions for diarrhoea in HIV infected and exposed children. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on 02 June 2016 to identify relevant studies for inclusion. We included randomised controlled trials of HIV infected or exposed children under 15 years of age with diarrhoea. Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias (RoB) and extracted data using a pre-designed data extraction form. RESULTS We included two studies (Amadi 2002 and Mda 2010) that each enrolled 50 participants. The RoB was assessed as low-risk for both included studies. There was no difference in clinical cure and all-cause mortality between nitazoxanide and placebo for cryptosporidial diarrhoea in Amadi 2002. In Mda 2010, there was a reduction in duration of hospitalisation in the micronutrient supplement group (P < 0.005) although there was no difference in all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION There is low certainty evidence on the effectiveness of nitazoxanide for treating cryptosporidial diarrhoea and micronutrient supplementation in children with diarrhoea. Adequately powered trials are needed to assess micronutrients and nitazoxanide, as well as other interventions, for diarrhoea in HIV-infected and-exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkengafac Villyen Motaze
- Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cochrane South African, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Eliza Humphreys
- Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is an intensely itchy parasitic infection of the skin. It occurs worldwide, but is particularly problematic in areas of poor sanitation, overcrowding, and social disruption. In recent years, permethrin and ivermectin have become the most relevant treatment options for scabies. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of topical permethrin and topical or systemic ivermectin for scabies in people of all ages. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to 25 April 2017: the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and IndMED. We searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the ISRCTN registry, CenterWatch Clinical Trials Listing, ClinicalTrials.gov, TrialsCentral, and the UK Department of Health National Research Register for ongoing trials. We also searched multiple sources for grey literature and checked reference lists of included studies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials that compared permethrin or ivermectin against each other for people with scabies of all ages and either sex. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the identified records, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias for the included trials.The primary outcome was complete clearance of scabies. Secondary outcomes were number of participants re-treated, number of participants with at least one adverse event, and number of participants withdrawn from study due to an adverse event.We summarized dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). If it was not possible to calculate the point estimate, we described the data qualitatively. Where appropriate, we calculated combined effect estimates using a random-effects model and assessed heterogeneity. We calculated numbers needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome when we found a difference.We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We used the control rate average to provide illustrative clearance rates in the comparison groups. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen studies (1896 participants) comparing topical permethrin, systemic ivermectin, or topical ivermectin met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the risk of bias in the included trials was moderate: reporting in many studies was poor. Nearly all studies were conducted in South Asia or North Africa, where the disease is more common, and is associated with poverty.EfficacyOral ivermectin (at a standard dose of 200 μg/kg) may lead to slightly lower rates of complete clearance after one week compared to permethrin 5% cream. Using the average clearance rate of 65% in the trials with permethrin, the illustrative clearance with ivermectin is 43% (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.78; 613 participants, 6 studies; low-certainty evidence). However, by week two there may be little or no difference (illustrative clearance of permethrin 74% compared to ivermectin 68%; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.08; 459 participants, 5 studies; low-certainty evidence). Treatments with one to three doses of ivermectin or one to three applications of permethrin may lead to little or no difference in rates of complete clearance after four weeks' follow-up (illustrative cures with 1 to 3 applications of permethrin 93% and with 1 to 3 doses of ivermectin 86%; RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.03; 581 participants, 5 studies; low-certainty evidence).After one week of treatment with oral ivermectin at a standard dose of 200 μg/kg or one application of permethrin 5% lotion, there is probably little or no difference in complete clearance rates (illustrative cure rates: permethrin 73%, ivermectin 68%; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.17; 120 participants, 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence). After two weeks of treatment, one dose of systemic ivermectin compared to one application of permethrin lotion may lead to similar complete clearance rates (extrapolated cure rates: 67% in both groups; RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.29; 120 participants, 1 study; low-certainty evidence).There is probably little or no difference in rates of complete clearance between systemic ivermectin at standard dose and topical ivermectin 1% lotion four weeks after initiation of treatment (illustrative cure rates: oral ivermectin 97%, ivermectin lotion 96%; RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.03; 272 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Likewise, after four weeks, ivermectin lotion probably leads to little or no difference in rates of complete clearance when compared to permethrin cream (extrapolated cure rates: permethrin cream 94%, ivermectin lotion 96%; RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08; 210 participants, 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence), and there is little or no difference among systemic ivermectin in different doses (extrapolated cure rates: 2 doses 90%, 1 dose 87%; RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.14; 80 participants, 1 study; high-certainty evidence).SafetyReporting of adverse events in the included studies was suboptimal. No withdrawals due to adverse events occurred in either the systemic ivermectin or the permethrin group (moderate-certainty evidence). Two weeks after treatment initiation, there is probably little or no difference in the proportion of participants treated with systemic ivermectin or permethrin cream who experienced at least one adverse event (55 participants, 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence). After four weeks, ivermectin may lead to a slightly larger proportion of participants with at least one adverse event (extrapolated rates: permethrin 4%, ivermectin 5%; RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.35 to 4.83; 502 participants, 4 studies; low-certainty evidence).Adverse events in participants treated with topical ivermectin were rare and of mild intensity and comparable to those with systemic ivermectin. For this comparison, it is uncertain whether there is any difference in the number of participants with at least one adverse event (very low-certainty evidence). No withdrawals due to adverse events occurred (62 participants, 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence).It is uncertain whether topical ivermectin or permethrin differ in the number of participants with at least one adverse event (very low-certainty evidence). We found no studies comparing systemic ivermectin in different doses that assessed safety outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found that for the most part, there was no difference detected in the efficacy of permethrin compared to systemic or topical ivermectin. Overall, few and mild adverse events were reported. Our confidence in the effect estimates was mostly low to moderate. Poor reporting is a major limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rosumeck
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthDivision of Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and AllergologyCharitéplatz 1BerlinBerlinGermany10117
| | - Alexander Nast
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthDivision of Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and AllergologyCharitéplatz 1BerlinBerlinGermany10117
| | - Corinna Dressler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthDivision of Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and AllergologyCharitéplatz 1BerlinBerlinGermany10117
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David M, Lebrun C, Duguet T, Talmont F, Beech R, Orlowski S, André F, Prichard RK, Lespine A. Structural model, functional modulation by ivermectin and tissue localization of Haemonchus contortus P-glycoprotein-13. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:145-157. [PMID: 29571165 PMCID: PMC6114108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus, one of the most economically important parasites of small ruminants, has become resistant to the anthelmintic ivermectin. Deciphering the role of P-glycoproteins in ivermectin resistance is desirable for understanding and overcoming this resistance. In the model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, P-glycoprotein-13 is expressed in the amphids, important neuronal structures for ivermectin activity. We have focused on its ortholog in the parasite, Hco-Pgp-13. A 3D model of Hco-Pgp-13, presenting an open inward-facing conformation, has been constructed by homology with the Cel-Pgp-1 crystal structure. In silico docking calculations predicted high affinity binding of ivermectin and actinomycin D to the inner chamber of the protein. Following in vitro expression, we showed that ivermectin and actinomycin D modulated Hco-Pgp-13 ATPase activity with high affinity. Finally, we found in vivo Hco-Pgp-13 localization in epithelial, pharyngeal and neuronal tissues. Taken together, these data suggest a role for Hco-Pgp-13 in ivermectin transport, which could contribute to anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion David
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France; Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Chantal Lebrun
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Duguet
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Franck Talmont
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, UMR 5089, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin Beech
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Stéphane Orlowski
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Frédéric Joliot, Centre de Saclay, SB2SM, UMR9198 CNRS, I2BC; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - François André
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Frédéric Joliot, Centre de Saclay, SB2SM, UMR9198 CNRS, I2BC; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Roger K Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada.
| | - Anne Lespine
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Pancreatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an exceptionally rare disease; no more than 10 cases have been published to date. It is characterized as extensive local tissue infringement and destruction; thus, extended surgical resection, such as duodenopancreatectomy, is often needed to obtain a negative resection margin so as to improve the long-term outcome and prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A middle-aged Tibetan man was admitted due to a 16-year history of recurrent pain in the right upper abdomen. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a cystic lesion in the VI segment of his liver and several cystic lesions in the head of pancreas. DIAGNOSES Pancreatic AE. INTERVENTIONS The patient adopted a preserved surgery of partial cystectomy and completely removing the content of the cyst and then soaking by hypertonic saline combined with adjuvant medical therapy of albendazole. OUTCOMES The patient was monitored on a regular basis at the outpatient department; the patient is still alive and has already survived 8 years till now. LESSONS A preserved surgery combined with adjuvant medical therapy of albendazole can also contribute to a good survival outcome for AE located at the head of pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Zhou
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Hai-Jie Hu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Wen-Jie Ma
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
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Martinez-Perez A, Roure Díez S, Belhassen-Garcia M, Torrús-Tendero D, Perez-Arellano JL, Cabezas T, Soler C, Díaz-Menéndez M, Navarro M, Treviño B, Salvador F. Management of severe strongyloidiasis attended at reference centers in Spain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006272. [PMID: 29474356 PMCID: PMC5846793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strongyloides stercoralis is a globally distributed nematode that causes diverse clinical symptoms in humans. Spain, once considered an endemic country, has experienced a recent increase in imported cases. The introduction of serology helps diagnosis and is currently replacing microbiological techniques in some settings, but its sensitivity is variable and can be low in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis can only be confirmed by identification of larvae. Often, this "gold standard" can only be achieved in severe cases, such as disseminated S.stercoralis infection, or S.stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome, where parasite load is high. In addition, these clinical presentations are not well-defined. Our aim is to describe severe cases of S.stercoralis, their epidemiological profile, and their clinical details. METHODS An observational retrospective study of disseminated S.stercoralis infection, or hyperinfection syndrome. Inclusion criteria: aged over 18, with a diagnosis of disseminated S.stercoralis infection, or hyperinfection syndrome, confirmed by visualization of larvae. Patients were identified through revision of clinical records for the period 2000-2015, in collaboration with eight reference centers throughout Spain. RESULTS From the period 2000-2015, eighteen cases were identified, 66.7% of which were male, with a median age of 40 (range 21-70). Most of them were foreigners (94.4%), mainly from Latin America (82.3%) or Western Africa (17.6%). Only one autochthonous case was identified, from 2006. Immunosuppressive conditions were present in fourteen (77%) patients, mainly due steroids use and to retroviral coinfections (four HIV, two HTLV). Transplant preceded the clinical presentation in four of them. Other comorbidities were coinfection with HBV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Mycobacterium leprae or Aspergillus spp. All presented with digestive disorders, with 55.6% also presenting malaise. 44.4% of cases had fever, 27.8% skin complaints, and 16.7% respiratory or neurological disorders. One patient presented anemia, and one other nephrotic syndrome. Diagnosis was confirmed by identification of larvae in fresh stool samples (n = 16; 88.9%), concentration techniques (n = 6; 33.3%), larval culture (n = 5; 29.4%), or digestive biopsies (n = 8; 44%). S.stercoralis forms were identified during necropsy in one case. In addition, ten (55%) had a positive serology. All the cases were treated with ivermectin, six (33%) also received albendazole and one case received thiabendazole followed by ivermectin. All needed inpatient management, involving a mean hospitalization stay of 25 days (range 1-164). Two cases received intensive care and eventually died. CONCLUSIONS Only eighteen cases of disseminated S.stercoralis infection/hyperinfection syndrome were identified from the 15-year period, most of which were considered to have been imported cases. Among those, immunosuppression was frequent, and mortality due to S.stercoralis was lower than previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Roure Díez
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Enfermedades Infecciosas, PROSICS Metropolitana Nord, Badalona, Spain
| | - Moncef Belhassen-Garcia
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Servicio Medicina Interna, Sección Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, CAUSA, IBSAL, CIETUS, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Torrús-Tendero
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Medicina Tropical, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Perez-Arellano
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Gran Canaria, CHUIMI, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Teresa Cabezas
- Hospital de Poniente, Microbiology, Medicina Tropical, Almeria, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler
- Hospital Santa Caterina, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unitat de Salut Internacional i Medicina Tropical, Salt/Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidad de Medicina Tropical y del Viajero, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Navarro
- Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health SEMTSI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Treviño
- Vall de Hebrón University Hospital, Tropical Medicine Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall de Hebrón University Hospital, PROSICS, Barcelona, Spain
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Darji K, Burkemper NM. Pityriasis Folliculorum: Response to Topical Ivermectin. J Drugs Dermatol 2017; 16:1290-1292. [PMID: 29240866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pityriasis folliculorum has been described as a dry type of rosacea with extensive proliferation of Demodex folliculorum in pilosebaceous follicles of the skin. This skin condition is frequently difficult to manage, with various treatment options showing mixed efficacy. Oral ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone parasiticide with anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic effects, is one of the leading treatment modalities for demodicosis. Topical ivermectin has recently been FDA approved as therapy for rosacea. We present the case of a woman with pityriasis folliculorum who showed significant improvement from using topical ivermectin with no adverse events related to treatment.
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Jonsson P, Lindelöf B, Nordlind K, Bornstein S. [In case of pruritus, always consider scabies!]. Lakartidningen 2017; 114:ERRI. [PMID: 29292916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In case of pruritus, always consider scabies! Scabies is an itching skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei which affects more than 100 million people worldwide. Regarded as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO, it is a major public health burden in endemic areas. As direct skin-to-skin contact is the main route of transmission family members and sexual partners are often affected. Typical presentation includes a severely pruritic rash with predilection for the extremities and the trunk. Definitive diagnosis relies on microscopic identification of the mites. Future, more efficient, diagnostic methods may include serological testing or PCR for S. scabiei DNA. A benzyl benzoate and disulfiram based lotion, Tenutex, is the treatment of choice in Sweden with topical permethrin or oral ivermectin being used in certain cases. Scabies is an important diagnosis to consider in all patients presenting with pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Jonsson
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindelöf
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Nordlind
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Hudkliniken Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Set Bornstein
- Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt - Avdelningen för djurhälsa och antibiotikafrågor Uppsala, Sweden Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt - Avdelning för djurhälsa och antibiotikafrågor Uppsala, Sweden
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Kearns TM, Currie BJ, Cheng AC, McCarthy J, Carapetis JR, Holt DC, Page W, Shield J, Gundjirryirr R, Mulholland E, Ward L, Andrews RM. Strongyloides seroprevalence before and after an ivermectin mass drug administration in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005607. [PMID: 28505198 PMCID: PMC5444847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strongyloides seroprevalence is hyper-endemic in many Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, ranging from 35–60%. We report the impact on Strongyloides seroprevalence after two oral ivermectin mass drug administrations (MDAs) delivered 12 months apart in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Methods Utilizing a before and after study design, we measured Strongyloides seroprevalence through population census with sequential MDAs at baseline and month 12. Surveys at months 6 and 18 determined changes in serostatus. Serodiagnosis was undertaken by ELISA that used sonicated Strongyloides ratti antigen to detect anti-Strongyloides IgG. Non-pregnant participants weighing ≥15 kg were administered a single 200 μg/kg ivermectin dose, repeated after 10–42 days if Strongyloides and/or scabies was diagnosed; others followed a standard alternative algorithm. A questionnaire on clinical symptoms was administered to identify adverse events from treatment and self-reported symptoms associated with serostatus. Findings We surveyed 1013 participants at the baseline population census and 1060 (n = 700 from baseline cohort and 360 new entrants) at month 12. Strongyloides seroprevalence fell from 21% (175/818) at baseline to 5% at month 6. For participants from the baseline cohort this reduction was sustained at month 12 (34/618, 6%), falling to 2% at month 18 after the second MDA. For new entrants to the cohort at month 12, seroprevalence reduced from 25% (75/297) to 7% at month 18. Strongyloides positive seroconversions for the baseline cohort six months after each MDA were 2.5% (4/157) at month 6 and 1% at month 18, whilst failure to serorevert remained unchanged at 18%. At 12 months, eosinophilia was identified in 59% of baseline seropositive participants and 89% of seropositive new entrants, compared with 47%baseline seronegative participants and 51% seronegative new entrants. Seropositivity was not correlated with haemoglobin or any self-reported clinical symptoms. Clinical symptoms ascertained on the day of treatment and 24–72 hrs after, did not identify any adverse events. Significance Two community ivermectin MDAs delivered 12 months apart by trained Aboriginal researchers in collaboration with non-Indigenous researchers resulted in a sustained and significant reduction in Strongyloides seroprevalence over 18 months. Similar reductions were seen in the baseline cohort and new entrants. We were invited by one community in East Arnhem Land to develop and deliver an ivermectin MDA to reduce the prevalence of Strongyloides and scabies. We demonstrated a sustained reduction in Strongyloides seroprevalence following the ivermectin MDA. Strongyloides is endemic in many Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities with seroprevalence ranging from 35–60%. Utilizing a before and after study design, we measured Strongyloides seroprevalence by ELISA through population census with sequential MDAs at baseline and month 12. Strongyloides seroprevalence reduced from 21% at baseline to 5% at month 6 after the first MDA. For the baseline cohort this reduction was sustained at month 12, falling to 2% at month 18 after the second MDA. For new entrants to the cohort at month 12, seroprevalence reduced from 25% to 7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M. Kearns
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University and Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia and Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah C. Holt
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Wendy Page
- Miwatj Health Aboriginal Corporation, Nhulunbuy, Australia
| | - Jennifer Shield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Roslyn Gundjirryirr
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Linda Ward
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ross M. Andrews
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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Bilgic Y, Yilmaz C, Cagin YF, Atayan Y, Karadag N, Harputluoglu MMM. Albendazole Induced Recurrent Acute Toxic Hepatitis: A Case Report. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2017; 80:309-311. [PMID: 29560698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug induced acute toxic hepatitis can be idiosyncratic. Albendazole, a widely used broad spectrum antiparasitic drug is generally accepted as a safe drug. It may cause asymptomatic transient liver enzyme abnormalities but acute toxic hepatitis is very rare. Case Report : Herein, we present the case of 47 year old woman with recurrent acute toxic hepatitis after a single intake of albendazole in 2010 and 2014. The patient was presented with symptoms and findings of anorexia, vomiting and jaundice. For diagnosis, other acute hepatitis etiologies were excluded. Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score was calculated and found to be 10, which meant highly probable drug hepatotoxicity. Within 2 months, all pathological findings came to normal. RESULT There are a few reported cases of albendazole induced toxic hepatitis, but at adults, there is no known recurrent acute toxic hepatitis due to albendazole at this certainty according to RUCAM score. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of this rare and potentially fatal adverse effect of albendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Bilgic
- Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yilmaz
- Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yasir Furkan Cagin
- Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yahya Atayan
- Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nese Karadag
- Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Malatya, Turkey
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Tsvetkova OA, Voronkova OO, Ovchinnikova DV. [A CASE OF FAMILIAL PULMONARY AND HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS)]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2017; 95:173-176. [PMID: 30311762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus still remains a widespread disease. Moreover, there is a large number of patients in whom it is diagnosed rather late because its clinical presentation can be unspecific and symptoms vary. We report a familial case of the disease. Its specific feature was the onset with the bilateral pulmonary process and late involvement of the liver. This excluded other pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis or cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antiparasitic Agents/administration & dosage
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Echinococcosis, Hepatic/complications
- Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis
- Echinococcosis, Hepatic/physiopathology
- Echinococcosis, Hepatic/therapy
- Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/complications
- Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/therapy
- Echinococcus granulosus/isolation & purification
- Echinococcus granulosus/pathogenicity
- Family Health
- Female
- Humans
- Liver/diagnostic imaging
- Lung/diagnostic imaging
- Pneumonectomy/methods
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Ultrasonography/methods
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Negussu N, Mengistu B, Kebede B, Deribe K, Ejigu E, Tadesse G, Mekete K, Sileshi M. Ethiopia Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Control Programme: Progress and Prospects. Ethiop Med J 2017; 55:75-80. [PMID: 28878432 PMCID: PMC5582635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes are among seventeen WHO prioritized neglected tropical diseases that infect humans. These parasitic infections can be treated using single-dose and safe drugs. Ethiopia successfully mapped the distribution of these infections nationwide. According to the mapping there are an estimated 37.3 million people living in schistosomiasis endemic areas, and 79 million in schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes endemic areas. The Federal Ministry of Health successfully scaled up Schistosomiasis and schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes intervention in endemic areas and treated over 19 million individuals in 2015. The Ministry of Health has made a huge effort to establish neglected tropical diseases, including schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthes program in the health system which helped to map majority of the woredas and initiate nationwide intervention. The National control programme is designed to achieve elimination for those diseases as a major public health problem by 2020 and aim to attain transmission break by 2025. The programme focuses on reaching those school-aged children who are not attending school, integration between neglected tropical diseases programme, and further collaboration with the WASH actors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kebede Deribe
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
- Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- RTI International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Mesfin Sileshi
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- RTI International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Massi DG, Mansare ML, Traoré M, Ndiaye M, Diop AG, Ndiaye MM. Post-ivermectin encephalopathy in Senegal: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27:202. [PMID: 28904727 PMCID: PMC5579453 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.202.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an ant parasitic drug used for combating onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. It works by inhibiting the function of neurons and muscles, thus causing paralysis of microfilariae. Side effects of this drug have been reported including post-ivermectin encephalopathy requiring emergency care in hospital. We report the case of a 35 years old patient living in rural areas of Senegal who presented two days after a mistake in administration of a second dose of ivermectin, headaches, altered consciousness and bilateral blindness. The workup revealed brain white matter lesions, abnormal liver function tests and biological inflammation without evidence of Loa loa microfilariae in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Corticosteroid treatment was administered in emergency and patient recovered despite the persistence of bilateral blindness. Inflammatory process seems to have an important role in the pathophysiology of this encephalopathy. We should therefore carefully control the administration of this drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gams Massi
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Lelouma Mansare
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mariétou Traoré
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moustapha Ndiaye
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Gallo Diop
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
- Cheikh Anta Diop University, Neurosciences Department, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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Peña-Espinoza M, Thamsborg SM, Denwood MJ, Drag M, Hansen TV, Jensen VF, Enemark HL. Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Denmark evaluated by different methods for analysis of faecal egg count reduction. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:241-250. [PMID: 27835769 PMCID: PMC5107639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) against gastrointestinal nematodes in Danish cattle was assessed by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Six cattle farms with history of clinical parasitism and avermectin use were included. On the day of treatment (Day 0), 20 naturally infected calves per farm (total n = 120) were stratified by initial faecal egg counts (FEC) and randomly allocated to a treatment group dosed with 0.2 mg IVM kg-1 body weight s.c. (IVM; n = 10) or an untreated control group (CTL; n = 10). Individual FEC were obtained at Day 0 and Day 14 post-treatment and pooled faeces by group were cultured to isolate L3 for detection of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora by qPCR. Treatment efficacies were analysed using the recommended WAAVP method and two open-source statistical procedures based on Bayesian modelling: 'eggCounts' and 'Bayescount'. A simulation study evaluated the performance of the different procedures to correctly identify FEC reduction percentages of simulated bovine FEC data representing the observed real data. In the FECRT, reduced IVM efficacy was detected in three farms by all procedures using data from treated animals only, and in one farm according to the procedures including data from treated and untreated cattle. Post-treatment, O. ostertagi and C. oncophora L3 were detected by qPCR in faeces of treated animals from one and three herds with declared reduced IVM efficacy, respectively. Based on the simulation study, all methods showed a reduced performance when FEC aggregation increased post-treatment and suggested that a treatment group of 10 animals is insufficient for the FECRT in cattle. This is the first report of reduced anthelmintic efficacy in Danish cattle and warrants the implementation of larger surveys. Advantages and caveats regarding the use of Bayesian modelling and the relevance of including untreated cattle in the FECRT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Denwood
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Markus Drag
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina V Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vibeke F Jensen
- Section for Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106, Oslo, Norway
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Khatoon N, Khan A, Azmi MA, Khan A, Shaukat SS. Report - Most common body parts infected with scabies in children and its control. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1715-1717. [PMID: 27731834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Scabies a skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei is common in Pakistan and spreads mostly where there is frequent skin to skin contact. In the present study children belonging to four age groups 0-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years attending Baqai Institute and Hospital Gadap from June-September 2013 were examined. The association between scabies of different human parts and age for boys was significant (p<0.01), while for girls it was highly significant (p<0.001). The most frequent body parts infected with scabies lesions were hands, head and feet. Oral ivermectin was effective antiscabietic for children as it was easy to administer and had good patient acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasira Khatoon
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aly Khan
- CDRI (PARC), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Arshad Azmi
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Shahid Shaukat
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Moya L, Herrador Z, Ta-Tang TH, Rubio JM, Perteguer MJ, Hernandez-González A, García B, Nguema R, Nguema J, Ncogo P, Garate T, Benito A, Sima A, Aparicio P. Evidence for Suppression of Onchocerciasis Transmission in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004829. [PMID: 27448085 PMCID: PMC4957785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis or "river blindness" is a chronic parasitic neglected tropical disease which is endemic both in mainland and insular Equatorial Guinea. We aim to estimate the current epidemiological situation of onchocerciasis in Bioko Island after vector elimination in 2005 and more than sixteen years of Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) by using molecular and serological approaches for onchocerciasis diagnosis. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Bioko Island from mid-January to mid-February 2014. A total of 544 study participants were recruited. A complete dermatological examination was performed and three skin snips were performed in every participant for parasitological and molecular assessments. Blood spots were also taken for determination of Ov16 IgG4 antibodies trough an “in-house” ELISA assay. Overall, we found 15 out of 522 individuals suffering any onchocerciasis specific cutaneous lesions and 16 out of 528 (3.0%) with onchocercal nodules in the skin. Nodules were significantly associated with age, being more common in subjects older than 10 years than in younger people (3.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.029). Regarding the onchocerciasis laboratory assessment, no positive parasitological test for microfilaria detection was found in the skin snips. The calculated seroprevalence through IgG4 serology was 7.9%. No children less than 10 years old were found to be positive for this test. Only one case was positive for Onchocerca volvulus (O. volvulus) after skin PCR. The present study points out that the on-going mass ivermectin treatment has been effective in reducing the prevalence of onchocerciasis and corroborates the interruption of transmission in Bioko Island. To our knowledge, this is the first time that accurate information through molecular and serological techniques is generated to estimate the onchocerciasis prevalence in this zone. Sustained support from the national program and appropriate communication and health education strategies to reinforce participation in CDTI activities are essential to ensure progress towards onchocerciasis elimination in the country. Onchocerciasis or “river blindness” is a chronic parasitic disease which is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Onchocerciasis is endemic in both mainland and insular Equatorial Guinea. Huge achievements have been made on onchocerciasis control in Bioko Island in the last years, and the country is moving fast towards elimination. In the new elimination context, monitoring and evaluation activities with more sensitive diagnostic tools become especially necessary in order to confirm that transmission has been interrupted. Previous data on the epidemiological situation of onchocerciasis in Bioko Island are mainly based on microfilaria (MF) skin snip assessments. We aim to create evidence towards the fact that onchocerciasis transmission might have been achieved in Bioko Island after more than sixteen years of onchocerciasis control activities by using molecular and serological technics for onchocerciasis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moya
- Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Zaida Herrador
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thuy Huong Ta-Tang
- Malaria & Other Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Rubio
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- Malaria & Other Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Perteguer
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- Malaria & Other Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Hernandez-González
- Malaria & Other Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rufino Nguema
- National Program for Onchocerciasis and other Filariasis Control, Ministry of Health, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Justino Nguema
- National Program for Onchocerciasis and other Filariasis Control, Ministry of Health, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Policarpo Ncogo
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Garate
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- Malaria & Other Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Benito
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anacleto Sima
- National Program for Onchocerciasis and other Filariasis Control, Ministry of Health, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Pilar Aparicio
- National Center for Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
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Dou Q, Chen HN, Wang K, Yuan K, Lei Y, Li K, Lan J, Chen Y, Huang Z, Xie N, Zhang L, Xiang R, Nice EC, Wei Y, Huang C. Ivermectin Induces Cytostatic Autophagy by Blocking the PAK1/Akt Axis in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4457-69. [PMID: 27302166 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China. Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.
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49
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Richards FO, Klein RE, de León O, Mendizábal-Cabrera R, Morales AL, Cama V, Crovella CG, Díaz Espinoza CE, Morales Z, Sauerbrey M, Rizzo N. A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey Conducted Three Years after Halting Ivermectin Mass Treatment for Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004777. [PMID: 27341104 PMCID: PMC4920414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin for onchocerciasis was provided in Guatemala's Central Endemic Zone (CEZ) over a 24 year period (1988-2011). Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission was declared in 2015 after a three year post MDA surveillance period (2012-2014) showed no evidence of recrudescence. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards onchocerciasis and ivermectin among residents in the post endemic CEZ. A major interest in this study was to determine what community residents thought about the end of the ivermectin MDA program. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 148 interviews were conducted in November 2014 in four formerly hyperendemic communities using a standard questionnaire on smart phones. The majority (69%) of respondents knew that the MDA program had ended because the disease was no longer present in their communities, but a slight majority (53%) was personally unsure that onchocerciasis had really been eliminated. Sixty-three percent wanted to continue to receive ivermectin because of this uncertainty, or because ivermectin is effective against intestinal worms. Eighty-nine percent of respondents said that they would seek medical attention immediately if a family member had symptoms of onchocerciasis (especially the presence of a nodule), which is a finding very important for ongoing surveillance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Many respondents wanted to continue receive ivermectin and more than half did not believe onchocerciasis had been eliminated. The ministry of health outreach services should be prepared to address ongoing concerns about onchocerciasis in the post endemic CEZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank O. Richards
- River Blindness Elimination Program, Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program, and Schistosomiasis Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Klein
- Center for Health Studies (CHS), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Oscar de León
- Center for Health Studies (CHS), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Renata Mendizábal-Cabrera
- Center for Health Studies (CHS), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alba Lucía Morales
- Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, The Carter Center, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Vitaliano Cama
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carol G. Crovella
- Onchocerciasis Sub-Program, National Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Zoraida Morales
- Onchocerciasis Sub-Program, National Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mauricio Sauerbrey
- Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, The Carter Center, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Nidia Rizzo
- Center for Health Studies (CHS), Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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50
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Jelinski M, Lanigan E, Gilleard J, Waldner C, Royan G. Survey of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Saskatchewan beef herds. Can Vet J 2016; 57:160-163. [PMID: 26834267 PMCID: PMC4712994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in Saskatchewan beef herds was conducted over the summer of 2014. Fecal samples were collected on 3 occasions during the summer grazing season from beef cows and calves from 14 herds. The mean number of strongylid eggs per gram of feces recovered from calves increased 9-fold (95% CI: 4.5 to 18) over the summer period, while egg counts in the cows remained constant over the same period. The prevalence and infection intensities of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in cow-calf herds in Saskatchewan were comparable to what is seen in cattle grazing in the northern regions of the United States and for which anthelmintic treatments have resulted in positive production benefits.
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