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Paulin MV, Bray S, Laudhittirut T, Paulin J, Blakley B, Snead E. Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity in dogs: A retrospective study of 349 confirmed cases in Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2024; 65:496-503. [PMID: 38694735 PMCID: PMC11017940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the signalment and clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome features of dogs diagnosed with anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) intoxication in Saskatchewan. Animals We studied 349 dogs. Procedure Medical records from the Veterinary Medical Centre (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) between 1999 and 2022 were reviewed. Cases were included if they met at least 1 of the following criteria: owner witnessed the dog ingesting an AR; AR was seen in the vomitus when emesis was induced; the dog had clinical signs of coagulopathy, with elevation of PT ± aPTT that normalized after vitamin K1 therapy, in the presence of appropriate clinical and paraclinical data and the absence of other causes of hypocoagulable state determined by the primary clinician. Results Fifty-three percent of cases were seen between July and October. Most dogs (61%) came from an urban setting. Ninety-two percent of dogs ingested a 2nd-generation AR and the most frequent toxin was bromadiolone. Clinical signs were reported in 30% of AR intoxications and included lethargy (86%), dyspnea (55%), and evidence of external hemorrhage (44%). The most common site of hemorrhage was the pleural space, accounting for 43% of hemorrhage sites. Consumptive thrombocytopenia was reported in 24% of dogs with evidence of AR-induced hemorrhage, with moderate (platelet count < 60 K/μL) and marked (< 30 K/μL) thrombocytopenia in 7/12 and 2/12 dogs, respectively. Blood products were administered to 84% of dogs with AR-induced hemorrhage; the most common product administered was fresh frozen plasma (56% of cases). Among dogs with AR-induced hemorrhage, those that received blood products were more likely to survive to discharge (81%) compared to those that did not (19%) (P = 0.017). Eighty-six percent of dogs with AR-induced hemorrhage survived to discharge. Conclusion and clinical relevance The pleural space was the most common site of hemorrhage. Moderate thrombocytopenia was a common finding. Eighty-six percent of dogs with AR-induced hemorrhage survived to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Victor Paulin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
| | - Samantha Bray
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
| | - Tanarut Laudhittirut
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
| | - Jeneva Paulin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
| | - Barry Blakley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
| | - Elisabeth Snead
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (MV Paulin, Laudhittirut, Snead) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Blakley), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Alpine Animal Hospital, 10 H Keenleyside Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2B9 (Bray); VCA Central Animal Hospital, 106 103 Street East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1Y7 (J Paulin)
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Kosteniuk J, Osman BA, Osman M, Quail J, Islam N, O'Connell ME, Kirk A, Stewart N, Karunanayake C, Morgan D. Rural-urban differences in use of health services before and after dementia diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:399. [PMID: 38553765 PMCID: PMC10981340 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural-urban differences in health service use among persons with prevalent dementia are known. However, the extent of geographic differences in health service use over a long observation period, and prior to diagnosis, have not been sufficiently examined. The purpose of this study was to examine yearly rural-urban differences in the proportion of patients using health services, and the mean number of services, in the 5-year period before and 5-year period after a first diagnosis of dementia. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked administrative health data from the Canadian province of Saskatchewan to investigate the use of five health services [family physician (FP), specialist physician, hospital admission, all-type prescription drug dispensations, and short-term institutional care admission] each year from April 2008 to March 2019. Persons with dementia included 2,024 adults aged 65 years and older diagnosed from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014 (617 rural; 1,407 urban). Matching was performed 1:1 to persons without dementia on age group, sex, rural versus urban residence, geographic region, and comorbidity. Differences between rural and urban persons within the dementia and control cohorts were separately identified using the Z-score test for proportions (p < 0.05) and independent samples t-test for means (p < 0.05). RESULTS Rural compared to urban persons with dementia had a lower average number of FP visits during 1-year and 2-year preindex and between 2-year and 4-year postindex (p < 0.05), a lower likelihood of at least one specialist visit and a lower average number of specialist visits during each year (p < 0.05), and a lower average number of all-type prescription drug dispensations for most of the 10-year study period (p < 0.05). Rural-urban differences were not observed in admission to hospital or short-term institutional care (p > 0.05 each year). CONCLUSIONS This study identified important geographic differences in physician services and all-type prescription drugs before and after dementia diagnosis. Health system planners and educators must determine how to use existing resources and technological advances to support care for rural persons living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kosteniuk
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Beliz Acan Osman
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Atrium Building, Innovation Place, 241- 111 Research Drive, S7N 3R2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meric Osman
- Saskatchewan Medical Association, 2174 Airport Drive #201, S7L 6M6, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Quail
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Atrium Building, Innovation Place, 241- 111 Research Drive, S7N 3R2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, S7N 5E5, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Arts 182, 9 Campus Drive, S7N 5A5, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Kirk
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W8, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Norma Stewart
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chandima Karunanayake
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Essien SK, Zucker-Levin A. Comorbidity and risk factors of subsequent lower extremity amputation in patients diagnosed with diabetes in Saskatchewan, Canada. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:779-790. [PMID: 36366747 PMCID: PMC10655619 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221137891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subsequent limb amputation (SLA) may be necessary due to disease progression, infection, or to aid prosthesis fit. SLA in Saskatchewan has increased 3.2% from 2006 to 2019 with minor SLA increasing 9.6% during that period. Diabetes affects a large proportion of patients who require SLA; however, the impact of additional comorbidities is not clear. METHODS First-episode subsequent lower extremity limb amputation (SLEA) cases with the presence/absence of diabetes, other comorbidities, and demographic characteristics from 2006-2019 were retrieved from Saskatchewan's Discharge Abstract Database. Logistic regression was performed to examine the magnitude of the odds of SLEA. RESULTS Among the 956 first-episode SLEA patients investigated, 78.8% were diagnosed with diabetes. Of these, 76.1% were male and 83.0% were aged 50 + years. Three comorbidities: renal failure (AOR = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.1 - 3.0), hypertension (AOR = 3.0, 95% Cl 2.0 - 4.5), and congestive heart failure (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2 - 3.2), conferred the highest odds of SLEA. The odds of SLEA is greatest for those aged 50-69 years, males, Registered Indians, and associated with a prolonged hospital stay. DISCUSSION These data are important as they may help medical providers identify patients at the highest risk of SLEA and target interventions to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kwaku Essien
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Obshta O, Zabrodski MW, Soomro T, Wilson G, Masood F, Thebeau J, Silva MCB, Biganski S, Kozii IV, Koziy RV, Raza MF, Jose MS, Simko E, Wood SC. Oxytetracycline-resistant Paenibacillus larvae identified in commercial beekeeping operations in Saskatchewan using pooled honey sampling. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:645-654. [PMID: 37705301 PMCID: PMC10621554 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
American foulbrood (AFB) is an infectious disease of honey bee brood caused by the endospore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. P. larvae spores are resilient in the environment, thus colonies with clinical signs of AFB are often destroyed by burning to eradicate the causative agent. To prevent outbreaks of AFB, oxytetracycline metaphylaxis is widely used in North America, resulting in sustained selective pressure for oxytetracycline resistance in P. larvae. To determine if antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is present among P. larvae isolates from commercial beekeeping operations in Saskatchewan, Canada, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 718 P. larvae samples cultured from pooled, extracted honey collected from 52 beekeepers over a 2-y period, 2019 and 2020. We found that 65 of 718 (9%) P. larvae samples collected from 8 beekeepers were resistant to oxytetracycline with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 64-256 µg/mL. Eight of 718 (1%) samples from 4 beekeepers had intermediate resistance to oxytetracycline (MIC: 4-8 µg/mL). Susceptibility testing for tylosin and lincomycin indicated that P. larvae in Saskatchewan continue to be susceptible to these antimicrobials (tylosin MIC: <1 µg/mL, lincomycin MIC: ≤2 µg/mL). Most oxytetracycline-resistant P. larvae samples were identified in northeastern Saskatchewan. Whole-genome sequence analysis identified the P. larvae-specific plasmid pMA67 with tetracycline-resistance gene tet(L) in 9 of 11 oxytetracycline-resistant P. larvae isolates sequenced. Our results highlight the advantage of using pooled, extracted honey as a surveillance tool for monitoring AMR in P. larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Obshta
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tayab Soomro
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Geoff Wilson
- Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Fatima Masood
- Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Jenna Thebeau
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Marina C. B. Silva
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Sarah Biganski
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | | | - Roman V. Koziy
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - M. Fahim Raza
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Midhun S. Jose
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Elemir Simko
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Wood
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
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Coleman A, Reis O, Clay A, Ramsden VR, Hughes K. Intimidation or harassment among family medicine residents in Saskatchewan: a cross-sectional survey. Can Med Educ J 2023; 14:64-70. [PMID: 38045080 PMCID: PMC10690008 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.75364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Up to 98% of practicing family physicians, and over 75% of resident physicians in Canada experience abusive incidents. Despite the negative consequences of abusive incidents, few residents report these events to their supervisors or institution. We sought to estimate the prevalence of abusive incidents experienced or witnessed by Saskatchewan family medicine residents (FMRs) and identify their responses to these events. Methods Anonymous survey invitations were emailed to all 110 Saskatchewan FMRs in Saskatchewan in November and December 2020. Demographic characteristics, frequency of witnessed and experienced abusive incidents, sources of incidents and residents' responses were collected. Incidents were classified as minor, major, severe, or as racial discrimination based on a previously published classification system. Results The response rate was 34.5% (38/110). Ninety-two percent (35/38) of residents witnessed a minor incident and 91.7% (32/36) of residents experienced a minor incident. Seventy-one percent (27/38) of residents witnessed racial discrimination while 19.4% (7/36) of residents experienced racial discrimination. Patients were the most common source of abusive incidents. Twenty-nine percent of residents reported abusive incidents to their supervisors. Most residents were aware of institutional reporting policies. Conclusions Most Saskatchewan FMRs experienced or witnessed abusive incidents, but few were reported. This study provided the opportunity to reassess policies on abusive incidents, which should consider sources of abuse, confidence in reporting, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Coleman
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olivia Reis
- Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Adam Clay
- Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Vivian R Ramsden
- Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Hughes
- Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Shafiee M, Lane G, Szafron M, Hillier K, Pahwa P, Vatanparast H. Exploring the Implications of COVID-19 on Food Security and Coping Strategies among Urban Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada. Nutrients 2023; 15:4278. [PMID: 37836563 PMCID: PMC10574453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has notably impacted food security, especially among urban Indigenous communities. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic and related lockdown measures on the food security of urban Indigenous peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada. In partnership with Indigenous co-researchers, we designed an online survey disseminated via SurveyMonkey® (San Mateo, CA, USA) from August 2021 to August 2022. This survey detailed background information, the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), state of food access, and traditional food consumption habits. Of the 130 Indigenous respondents, 75.8% were female, 21.9% male, and 2.3% non-binary, with an average age of 36.2 years. A significant 68.4% experienced food insecurity during the pandemic's first four months. Increased food prices (47.1%) and reduced market availability (41.4%) were the dominant causes. Additionally, 41.8% highlighted challenges in accessing traditional foods. Relying on community resources and government food distribution programs (40.7%) was the most reported coping strategy for those experiencing food insecurity. Notably, 43.6% reported receiving no government financial support during the crisis. This study emphasizes the severe food insecurity among urban Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan during the pandemic. The findings highlight the immediate need for interventions and policies that ensure access to culturally relevant food, especially for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Ginny Lane
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA;
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Katherine Hillier
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.H.)
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
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Chu LM, Rennie DC, Kirychuk S, Cockcroft D, Gordon JR, Pickett W, Dosman J, Lawson JA. Farm Exposures and Allergic Disease Among Children Living in a Rural Setting. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:676-688. [PMID: 37038656 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association between farm exposures and asthma and allergic disease in children while also highlighting the experiences of non-farm rural children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from across the province of Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014. Surveys were completed by parents of 2275 rural dwelling children (farm and non-farm) aged 0 to 17 years within 46 rural schools. Questionnaires were distributed through schools for parents to complete. RESULTS Asthma prevalence was 7.6%, of which 29.5% of cases were allergic. After adjustment for potential confounders, home location (farm vs non-farm) and other farm exposures were not associated with asthma and asthma phenotypes. Those who completed farm safety education were more likely to have asthma (11.7% vs. 6.7%; p = .001) compared to children without asthma. In sub-analyses among 6-12-year-old children, boys were more likely to have asthma (non-allergic) and use short-acting beta-agonists compared to girls. Doing farm work in the summer was associated with an increased risk of asthma [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.71 (1.02-2.88); p = .041]. Doing routine chores with large animals was associated with an increased risk of asthma [aOR = 1.83 (1.07-3.15); p = .027] and allergic asthma [aOR = 2.37 (95%CI = 1.04-5.40); p = .04]. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the prevalence of asthma and asthma phenotypes were similar between farm and non-farm rural children. There did not appear to be differential involvement in farming activities between those with and without asthma although those with asthma had more training suggesting possible attempts to mitigate harm from farm exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chu
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D C Rennie
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Kirychuk
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D Cockcroft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Dosman
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J A Lawson
- Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Schmidt L, Johnson S, Rebecca Genoe M, Jeffery B, Crawford J. Physical Activity and Social Interaction among Rural Older Adults in Saskatchewan during COVID-19. Can J Aging 2023; 42:375-385. [PMID: 37492884 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and social interaction among rural older adults are important, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when restrictions on physical gatherings were placed. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of rural older adults' experience with physical activity and social interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to explore the experience of 10 older adults, 67-82 years of age, from rural communities throughout Saskatchewan. Findings revealed that many rural older adults acknowledged the health benefits of physical and social activities and experienced loneliness when COVID-19 restrictions were placed, even when living with a partner. For some, the restrictions placed on physical and social activity provided a welcome break from daily responsibilities. Rural communities, often at a disadvantage, were also perceived by participants as being protected against COVID-19. The resilience demonstrated among rural participants to persevere and adapt to their changing environment during the pandemic was evident in the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Shanthi Johnson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Rebecca Genoe
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Bonnie Jeffery
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, Prince Albert Campus, Prince Albert, SK, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crawford
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
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Adeyinka DA, Novik N, Novotna G, Bartram M, Gabrys R, Muhajarine N. Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, cannabis, and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan: findings from a joint-effect modeling. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:571. [PMID: 37553652 PMCID: PMC10408153 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, pandemics such as COVID-19 take an enormous toll on people's lives. As the pandemic now turns to an endemic state, growing attention has been paid to the multiple adverse mental health and behavioral issues, such as suicidal ideation and substance use. However, the interplay of suicidality and substance misuse during the pandemic has been limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of co-occurrence of suicide ideation, alcohol and cannabis misuse, and the factors that are associated with these co-occurrences in the province of Saskatchewan during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We performed a multivariable trivariate probit regression on a sample of 666 Saskatchewan adolescents and adults (16 years or older), drawn from the cycle 10 data collection (March 2022) of the Mental Health Commission of Canada, and Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction (MHCC-CCSA) dataset. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher among respondents who reported both problematic cannabis and alcohol use (25.8%) than single users of alcohol (23.2%) and cannabis (18.7%). Younger respondents (16-34 years) and those who reported recent changes in other substance use were independent factors that were associated with the common experience of suicide ideation, problematic cannabis, and alcohol use. Having a diagnosis of mental health disorders either before or during the pandemic, and the perceived inability to bounce back after the pandemic (low resilience) are strong correlates of suicidal ideation. Those who lived alone, between 35 and 55 years of age were more likely to report problematic alcohol use. Those who reported changes in alternative activities, who reported pandemic stress, and declared a LGBTQIA2S + identity had higher probability of problematic cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS As the pandemic persists, improving access to suicide and substance use interventions for the vulnerable groups identified in this study may be impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Adeyinka
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nuelle Novik
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Gabriela Novotna
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mary Bartram
- School of Public Health and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1R 1A4, Canada
| | - Robert Gabrys
- Canadian Centre On Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5E7, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Dyck RF, Pahwa P, Karunanayake C, Osgood ND. The Contribution of Gestational Diabetes to Diabetes Risk Among First Nations and Non-First Nations Women in Saskatchewan: Results From the DIP: ORRIIGENSS Project. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:509-518. [PMID: 37150508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to determine the risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) among Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-FN women with prior gestational DM (GDM). METHODS Using Ministry of Health administrative databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of DM risk by GDM occurrence among FN and non-FN women giving birth from 1980 to 2009 and followed to March 31, 2013. We determined frequencies and odds ratios (ORs) of DM in women with/without prior GDM after stratifying by FN status, while adjusting for other DM determinants. Survival curves of women until DM diagnosis were obtained by prior GDM occurrence and stratified by ethnicity and total parity. RESULTS De-identified data were obtained for 202,588 women. Of those who developed DM, 2,074 of 10,114 (20.5%) had previously experienced GDM (811 of 3,128 [25.9%]) FN and 1,263 of 6,986 [18.1%] non-FN). Cumulative survival of women with prior GDM until DM was higher for FN than for non-FN women (82% vs 46%), but prior GDM was a stronger predictor of DM within the non-FN cohort (prior GDM vs no GDM: OR, 9.64 for non-FN; OR, 7.05 for FN). Finally, higher total parity interacted with prior GDM to increase DM risk in both groups. With prior GDM and parity ≥3, 93% of FN and 57% of non-FN women subsequently developed DM. CONCLUSIONS GDM is a leading determinant of T2DM among FN and non-FN women, amplified by higher parity. This contributes to earlier onset diabetes, affecting subsequent pregnancies and increasing risk for chronic diabetic complications. It may also factor into higher type 2 DM rates observed in FN women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F Dyck
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chandima Karunanayake
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nathaniel D Osgood
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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11
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Asadi M, Oloye FF, Xie Y, Cantin J, Challis JK, McPhedran KN, Yusuf W, Champredon D, Xia P, De Lange C, El-Baroudy S, Servos MR, Jones PD, Giesy JP, Brinkmann M. A wastewater-based risk index for SARS-CoV-2 infections among three cities on the Canadian Prairie. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162800. [PMID: 36914129 PMCID: PMC10008033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance (WWS) is useful to better understand the spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in communities, which can help design and implement suitable mitigation measures. The main objective of this study was to develop the Wastewater Viral Load Risk Index (WWVLRI) for three Saskatchewan cities to offer a simple metric to interpret WWS. The index was developed by considering relationships between reproduction number, clinical data, daily per capita concentrations of virus particles in wastewater, and weekly viral load change rate. Trends of daily per capita concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for Saskatoon, Prince Albert, and North Battleford were similar during the pandemic, suggesting that per capita viral load can be useful to quantitatively compare wastewater signals among cities and develop an effective and comprehensible WWVLRI. The effective reproduction number (Rt) and the daily per capita efficiency adjusted viral load thresholds of 85 × 106 and 200 × 106 N2 gene counts (gc)/population day (pd) were determined. These values with rates of change were used to categorize the potential for COVID-19 outbreaks and subsequent declines. The weekly average was considered 'low risk' when the per capita viral load was 85 × 106 N2 gc/pd. A 'medium risk' occurs when the per capita copies were between 85 × 106 and 200 × 106 N2 gc/pd. with a rate of change <100 %. The start of an outbreak is indicated by a 'medium-high' risk classification when the week-over-week rate of change was >100 %, and the absolute magnitude of concentrations of viral particles was >85 × 106 N2 gc/pd. Lastly, a 'high risk' occurs when the viral load exceeds 200 × 106 N2 gc/pd. This methodology provides a valuable resource for decision-makers and health authorities, specifically given the limitation of COVID-19 surveillance based on clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Asadi
- Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Femi F Oloye
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Kerry N McPhedran
- Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Warsame Yusuf
- Public Health Risk Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Champredon
- Public Health Risk Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pu Xia
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chantel De Lange
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Seba El-Baroudy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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12
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Morris H, Bwala H, Wesley J, Hyshka E. Public support for safer supply programs: analysis of a cross-sectional survey of Canadians in two provinces. Can J Public Health 2023; 114:484-492. [PMID: 36689127 PMCID: PMC9869824 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Canada's ongoing drug poisoning crisis has contributed to unprecedented rates of morbidity and mortality. Health Canada has funded safer supply pilot programs to help connect people who use drugs to pharmaceutical grade medications that reduce their reliance on a toxic drug supply. However, most provinces, including Alberta and Saskatchewan, have not endorsed these initiatives. We explored public support for safer supply programs in these two Canadian provinces and identified predictors of support for this policy option. METHODS Cross-sectional data were examined from an online panel survey that included measures assessing views on policy responses to substance use and addiction. A total of 1602 adults were recruited during March 2021. We used descriptive statistics to characterize support for safer supply programs in Alberta and Saskatchewan and multinominal logistic regression analysis to examine predictors of public support for safer supply. RESULTS The majority of respondents (AB: 63.5% and SK: 56.3%) supported safer supply programs that replace illegal street drugs with pharmaceutical alternatives for those unable to stop using. Predicted probabilities show a greater probability of support for safer supply among those with higher education and those leaning left on the political spectrum. CONCLUSION A majority of Canadians from Alberta and Saskatchewan supported provincial government efforts to expand safer supply, suggesting a lack of public support is not the main barrier to implementation. Efforts at mobilizing this public opinion are needed to scale up and facilitate evaluation of this drug poisoning response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hauwa Bwala
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jared Wesley
- Faculty of Arts-Political Science Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elaine Hyshka
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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13
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Adams GC, Reboe-Benjamin M, Alaverdashvili M, Le T, Adams S. Doctors' Professional and Personal Reflections: A Qualitative Exploration of Physicians' Views and Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5259. [PMID: 37047874 PMCID: PMC10094024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the risks for anxiety and depression experienced by physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, qualitative studies investigating physicians' views, and their discovered strengths, are lacking. Our research fills this gap by exploring professional and personal reflections developed by physicians from various specialties during the pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians practicing in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, during November 2020-July 2021. Thematic analysis identified core themes and subthemes. Seventeen physicians, including nine males and eight females, from eleven specialties completed the interviews. The pandemic brought to the forefront life's temporality and a new appreciation for life, work, and each other. Most physicians found strength in values, such as gratitude, solidarity, and faith in human potential, to anchor them professionally and personally. A new need for personal fulfilment and hybrid care emerged. Negative feelings of anger, fear, uncertainty, and frustration were due to overwhelming pressures, while feelings of injustice and betrayal were caused by human or system failures. The physicians' appreciation for life and family and their faith in humanity and science were the primary coping strategies used to build adaptation and overcome negative emotions. These reflections are summarized, and implications for prevention and resilience are discussed.
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14
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Kosteniuk J, Osman BA, Osman M, Quail JM, Islam N, O'Connell ME, Kirk A, Stewart NJ, Morgan D. Health service use before and after dementia diagnosis: a retrospective matched case-control study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067363. [PMID: 36428015 PMCID: PMC9703329 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated patterns in health service usage among older adults with dementia and matched controls over a 10-year span from 5 years before until 5 years after diagnosis. DESIGN Population-based retrospective matched case-control study. SETTING Administrative health data of individuals in Saskatchewan, Canada from 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2019. PARTICIPANTS The study included 2024 adults aged 65 years and older living in the community at the time of dementia diagnosis from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014, matched 1:1 to individuals without a dementia diagnosis on age group, sex, rural versus urban residence, geographical region and comorbidity. OUTCOME MEASURES For each 5-year period before and after diagnosis, we examined usage of health services each year including family physician (FP) visits, specialist visits, hospital admissions, all-type prescription drug dispensations and short-term care admissions. We used negative binomial regression to estimate the effect of dementia on yearly average health service utilisation adjusting for sex, age group, rural versus urban residence, geographical region, 1 year prior health service use and comorbidity. RESULTS Adjusted findings demonstrated that 5 years before diagnosis, usage of all health services except hospitalisation was lower among persons with dementia than persons without dementia (all p<0.001). After this point, differences in higher health service usage among persons with dementia compared to without dementia were greatest in the year before and year after diagnosis. In the year before diagnosis, specialist visits were 59.7% higher (p<0.001) and hospitalisations 90.5% higher (p<0.001). In the year after diagnosis, FP visits were 70.0% higher (p<0.001) and all-type drug prescriptions 29.1% higher (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the year before and year after diagnosis offer multiple opportunities to implement quality supports. FPs are integral to dementia care and require effective resources to properly serve this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kosteniuk
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Beliz Açan Osman
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meric Osman
- Saskatchewan Medical Association, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrew Kirk
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Norma J Stewart
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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15
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Muhajarine N, Adeyinka DA, Pisolkar V, Ahmed MS, Kallio N, Coomaran V, McIntosh T, Novik N, Jeffery B. Equity Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey Data on Mental Health Outcomes in Saskatchewan, Canada during COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192113808. [PMID: 36360688 PMCID: PMC9655244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on three mental health outcomes-anxiety, depression, and mental health service use. Specifically, whether the associations between social and economic variables and these outcomes are exacerbated or buffered among equity-seeking groups in Saskatchewan. We analyzed secondary datasets of Saskatchewan adults from population-based national surveys conducted by Mental Health Research Canada (MHRC) on three occasions: cycle 2 (August 2020), cycle 5 (February 2021), and cycle 7 (June 2021). We examined temporal changes in the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and service utilization. Using the responses from 577 respondents in cycle 5 dataset (as it coincides with the peak of 2nd wave), we performed multinomial logistic regression. The policy implications of the findings were explored empirically through a World Café approach with 30 service providers, service users and policy makers in the province. The prevalence of anxiety and depression remained steady but high. Mental health services were not accessed by many who need it. Participants reporting moderate or severe anxiety were more likely to be 30-49 years old, women, and immigrants who earned less than $20,000 annually. Immigrants with either college or technical education presented with a lesser risk of severe anxiety. Factors associated with moderate or severe depression were younger age (<50 years), low household income, as well as immigrants with lower levels of education. Racialized groups had a lower risk of severe depression if they were under 30 years. Students and retirees also had a lower risk of severe depression. Canadian-born residents were more likely to require mental health supports but were not accessing them, compared to immigrants. Our analysis suggests mental health outcomes and service utilization remain a problem in Saskatchewan, especially among equity-seeking groups. This study should help drive mental health service redesign towards a client-centred, integrated, and equity-driven system in Saskatchewan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeem Muhajarine
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Adeyinka
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Vaidehi Pisolkar
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natalie Kallio
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Vithusha Coomaran
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tom McIntosh
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Nuelle Novik
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Bonnie Jeffery
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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16
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Bérard A, Kaul P, Eltonsy S, Winquist B, Chateau D, Hawken S, Sprague A, Walker M, Bernatsky S, Abrahamowicz M, Soares de Moura C, Vinet É, Carleton B, Hanley G, Oberlander T, Sheehy O, Gomez YH, Gorgui J, Savu A. The Canadian Mother-Child Cohort Active Surveillance Initiative (CAMCCO): Comparisons between Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274355. [PMID: 36126025 PMCID: PMC9488808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that pregnant women taking medications are excluded from clinical trials, real-world evidence is essential. We aimed to build a Canadian Mother-Child Cohort Active Surveillance Initiative (CAMCCO) and compare frequency of prematurity, low-birth-weight (LBW), major malformations, multiplicity, and gestational medication use across four provinces. Methods CAMCCO is a collaborative research infrastructure that uses real-world data from large provincial health care databases in Canada; developed with standardized methods to similarly construct population-based pregnancy/child cohorts with longitudinal follow-up by linking administrative/hospital/birth databases. CAMCCO also includes a common repository to i) share algorithms and case definitions based on diagnostic and procedural codes for research/training purpose, and ii) download aggregate data relevant to primary care providers, researchers, and decision makers. For this study, data from Quebec (1998–2015), Manitoba (1995–2019), Saskatchewan (1996–2020), and Alberta (2005–2018) are compared (Chi-square tests, p-values), and trends are calculated using Cochran-Armitage trend tests. Results Almost two-thirds (61%) of women took medications during pregnancy, mostly antibiotics (26%), asthma drugs (8%), and antidepressants (4%). Differences in the prevalence of prematurity (5.9–6.8%), LBW (4.0–5.2%), and multiplicity (1.0–2.5%) were statistically significant between provinces (p<0.001). Frequency of major malformations increased over time in Quebec (7–11%; p<0.001), Saskatchewan (5–11%; p<0.001), and Alberta (from 7–8%; p<0.001), and decreased in Manitoba (5–3%; p<0.001). Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal malformations were the most prevalent. Interpretation Medications are often used among Canadian pregnancies but adverse pregnancy outcomes vary across provinces. Digitized health data may help researchers and care providers understand the risk-benefit ratios related to gestational medication use, as well as province-specific trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anick Bérard
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Padma Kaul
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Canadian VIGOUR Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sherif Eltonsy
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brandace Winquist
- Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Dan Chateau
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, Australia
| | - Steven Hawken
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, uOttawa Site, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Sprague
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, uOttawa Site, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global & Population Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristiano Soares de Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Évelyne Vinet
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Bruce Carleton
- Division of Translational Therapeutics Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gillian Hanley
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim Oberlander
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Odile Sheehy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Gorgui
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anamaria Savu
- Canadian VIGOUR Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Essien SK, Zucker-Levin A. The impact of the demographic shift on limb amputation incidence in Saskatchewan, Canada, 2006–2019. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274037. [PMID: 36054197 PMCID: PMC9439249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changing demographics in a population may have an inevitable influence on disease incidence including limb amputation. However, the extent to which these changes affect limb amputation (LA) is unknown. Understanding the impact of changing demographics on LA would provide the best opportunity to plan for the future. We assessed the impact of changes in age and sex on limb amputation in Saskatchewan between 2006 and 2019. Methods Retrospective linked Saskatchewan’s LA cases, and demographic characteristics and residents population from 2006–2019 was used. The amputation rate was calculated by dividing the total number of LA cases recorded each year by the annual Saskatchewan resident population and the results expressed per 100,000 populations. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to assess the impact of changes in age and sex on LA in a decade (2008–2017) and the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was employed to examine the linear and non-linear effect of age. Results We found that in the ten years (2008–2017), the absolute LA rate difference was 9.0 per 100,000 population. Changes in age structure alone contributed 7.7% to the LA rate increase and 92.3% to changes in age-specific LA rates. The decade witnessed a marginal population difference between males and females, but the LA rate was 2.1–2.2 times higher in males than in females. The GAM revealed a non-linear relationship between LA and age, and further indicates that the risk of LA significantly increased as age increases. Conclusions In a decade, we found that changes in age distribution and age-specific rate substantially impacted the increase in the LA rate observed in the province. This highlights the urgent need for strategized programs to respond to these changes as both the population and diabetes, which is age-dependent and a leading cause of LA, are expected to increase in the province by 2030. As changes in population and demographic factors are inevitable, this study provides data for policy makers on the need for continuous incorporation of the shift in population in the design of future health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kwaku Essien
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Audrey Zucker-Levin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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18
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Da Silva K, Lionel A, O'Brien JM, Wright KD, Raazi M. The Use of General Anesthesia for Pediatric Dentistry in Saskatchewan: A Retrospective Study. J Can Dent Assoc 2022; 88:m9. [PMID: 36322636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rate of general anesthesia (GA) use for pediatric dental treatment in Saskatchewan is among the highest in Canada. Although the prevalence of and risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC) has been reviewed nationally, few studies have focused on Saskatchewan. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and predictive factors for dental treatment under GA in Saskatchewan. METHODS This retrospective review focused on pediatric patients who required dental treatment under GA in Saskatchewan between 2015 and 2018. Demographic, dental diagnostic and treatment data and number of previous exposures to GA were collected and analyzed. RESULTS We reviewed 570 patient records. Dental treatment needs among the sample were complex; children had 10.85 ± 3.56 (mean ± standard deviation) teeth treated, for an average cost of $3231.72 ± $898.95 per child. Children who lived in less accessible or remote locations had a significantly higher caries experience, number of teeth treated and cost of treatment. In addition, children who lived in such locations were more likely to have had previous dental treatment under GA (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.029-1.645) compared with those who lived in easily accessible/accessible areas (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.700-0.953). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm previous research that children who require dental treatment under GA have extensive caries and treatment needs. Our results suggest that children who live in less accessible and more remote areas of the province have a higher burden of disease and are more likely to require repeated GA exposures for dental treatment.
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Burgess HJ, Pattullo KM, Rainbow CA, Zimmer M, Lockerbie BP, Bollinger TK. Surveillance of Babesia odocoilei in wild and farmed cervid populations of Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J 2022; 63:735-739. [PMID: 35784765 PMCID: PMC9207969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Babesia odocoilei could be detected from farmed and wild cervid diagnostic submissions prior to its first reported occurrence in Saskatchewan. PROCEDURE Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. odocoilei was used to survey 85 fresh-frozen samples and 112 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from Saskatchewan cervids submitted for necropsy between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS The PCR was positive for B. odocoilei in 1/84 white-tailed deer, 1/41 moose, 0/37 mule deer, and 1/35 elk. The positive elk was from a farmed herd, but the remaining 2 positive samples were from wild cervids. The positive moose sample was the earliest confirmed infection, dating back to 2008. Therefore, 1.5% of the study population tested positive over the 14-year period. CONCLUSION There were low numbers of cervids infected with B. odocoilei in the study population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Babesiosis should be included as a differential diagnosis for disease in susceptible cervids when clinical signs are compatible; however, a lack of suggestive clinical signs or necropsy findings does not preclude infection. Thus, monitoring prevalence of the disease within Saskatchewan (and Canada) will likely require targeted surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Burgess
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Kimberly M Pattullo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Crystal A Rainbow
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Marnie Zimmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Betty P Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Trent K Bollinger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Burgess, Pattullo, Lockerbie, Bollinger); Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Rainbow, Zimmer, Bollinger), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injuries sustained by adolescents in Canada represent a costly public health issue. Much of the limited research in this area uses administrative data, which underestimate injury prevalence by ignoring injuries that are not treated by the health care system. Self-reported data provide population-based estimates and include contextual information that can be used to identify injury correlates and possible targets for public health interventions aimed at decreased injury burden. METHODS The 2017 wave of the Canadian Community Health Survey was used to calculate the prevalence of self-reported total, intentional and unintentional injuries. We compared injury prevalence according to age, sex, employment status, presence of a mood disorder, presence of an anxiety disorder, smoking and binge drinking. Analyses were performed using logistic regression to identify significantly different injury prevalence estimates across key correlates. RESULTS Overall past-12-month injury prevalence among adolescents living in Canada was 31.4% (95% CI: 29.4%-33.5%). Most injuries were unintentional. All provinces had estimates within a few percentage points, except Saskatchewan, which had substantially higher prevalence for both overall and unintentional injury. Smoking and binge drinking were significantly associated with higher injury prevalence in most jurisdictions. Remaining correlates exhibited nonsignificant or inconsistent associations with injury prevalence. CONCLUSION The data suggest that injury prevention interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, particularly binge drinking, may be effective in reducing adolescent injury across Canada. Future research is needed to determine how provincial context (such as mental health support for adolescents or programs and policies aimed at reducing substance use) impacts injury rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen MacNabb
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alysia Robinson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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21
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Zabrodski MW, DeBruyne JE, Wilson G, Moshynskyy I, Sharafi M, Wood SC, Kozii IV, Thebeau J, Klein CD, Medici de Mattos I, Sobchishin L, Epp T, Ruzzini AC, Simko E. Comparison of individual hive and apiary-level sample types for spores of Paenibacillus larvae in Saskatchewan honey bee operations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263602. [PMID: 35130328 PMCID: PMC8820611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three commercial honey bee operations in Saskatchewan, Canada, with outbreaks of American foulbrood (AFB) and recent or ongoing metaphylactic antibiotic use were intensively sampled to detect spores of Paenibacillus larvae during the summer of 2019. Here, we compared spore concentrations in different sample types within individual hives, assessed the surrogacy potential of honey collected from honey supers in place of brood chamber honey or adult bees within hives, and evaluated the ability of pooled, extracted honey to predict the degree of spore contamination identified through individual hive testing. Samples of honey and bees from hives within apiaries with a recent, confirmed case of AFB in a single hive (index apiaries) and apiaries without clinical evidence of AFB (unaffected apiaries), as well as pooled, apiary-level honey samples from end-of-season extraction, were collected and cultured to detect and enumerate spores. Only a few hives were heavily contaminated by spores in any given apiary. All operations were different from one another with regard to both the overall degree of spore contamination across apiaries and the distribution of spores between index apiaries and unaffected apiaries. Within operations, individual hive spore concentrations in unaffected apiaries were significantly different from index apiaries in the brood chamber (BC) honey, honey super (HS) honey, and BC bees of one of three operations. Across all operations, BC honey was best for discriminating index apiaries from unaffected apiaries (p = 0.001), followed by HS honey (p = 0.06), and BC bees (p = 0.398). HS honey positively correlated with both BC honey (rs = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and bees (rs = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and may be useful as a surrogate for either. Spore concentrations in pooled, extracted honey seem to have predictive potential for overall spore contamination within each operation and may have prognostic value in assessing the risk of future AFB outbreaks at the apiary (or operation) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Zabrodski
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (MWZ); (ES)
| | - Jessica E. DeBruyne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Geoff Wilson
- Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Igor Moshynskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ivanna V. Kozii
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jenna Thebeau
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Colby D. Klein
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Igor Medici de Mattos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - LaRhonda Sobchishin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tasha Epp
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Antonio C. Ruzzini
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Elemir Simko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (MWZ); (ES)
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22
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Best C, Epp T, Parker S, Campbell J. The epidemiology and economics of pooled testing for disease investigations of lead exposure involving beef cattle in Saskatchewan (2007-2019). Can Vet J 2022; 63:171-177. [PMID: 35110775 PMCID: PMC8759334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
From 2007 to 2019, the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Disease Investigation Unit conducted lead investigations in 12 beef cow-calf herds and tested 1104 presumed exposed but clinically unaffected cattle, 49 of which were unsafe for slaughter (blood lead ≥ 0.1 ppm). In all investigations, the lead source should be evaluated, and all potentially exposed animals intended for food should be tested. Clinically affected animals should be tested individually. Individual testing of clinically unaffected animals may be expensive for large groups. However, pooling a conservative number of blood samples (n = 2 to 5) from clinically unaffected cattle may efficiently identify groups that are safe for slaughter. If a pooled test produces a blood lead concentration over the minimum threshold (0.1 ppm/n), these samples should be individually re-tested. Herd size, lead toxicity prevalence, pool size, and number of pools that require individual re-testing all affect the potential cost savings of pooled testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Best
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Tasha Epp
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Sarah Parker
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - John Campbell
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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23
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Giesbrecht CJ. The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence in the Workplace: Results of a Saskatchewan Survey. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:1960-1973. [PMID: 32468907 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520921875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study adds to the small body of research that illustrates that when individuals are experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) at home, they are impacted at work. Data were collected using an anonymous web-based self-report survey of workers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Survey results demonstrate that IPV is prevalent among the workers surveyed. Half of all survey respondents reported that they had experienced IPV, and for 83%, it impacted them in work in at least one way. Some respondents had lost a job as a result of the abuse. In addition, the survey found that some respondents who had experienced IPV did not identify as having experienced IPV, demonstrating the need for increased public awareness about IPV. Recommendations for workplace responses to IPV are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal J Giesbrecht
- Provincial Association of Transition Houses and Services of Saskatchewan (PATHS), Regina, Canada
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24
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Muhajarine N, Adeyinka DA, McCutcheon J, Green KL, Fahlman M, Kallio N. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal and associated factors in an adult population in Saskatchewan, Canada: Evidence from predictive modelling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259513. [PMID: 34767603 PMCID: PMC8589208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high population level of vaccination is required to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but not all Canadians are convinced of the value and safety of vaccination. Understanding more about these individuals can aid in developing strategies to increase their acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. The objectives of this study were to describe COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and refusal rates and associated factors in Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS This is a cross-sequential study that consisted of pooled responses from weighted samples of 9,252 Saskatchewan adults (≥18 years) across nine rounds of data collection between May 4, 2020 and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was vaccine intention: vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal. The independent variables were layered into socio-demographic factors, risk of exposure to coronavirus, mitigating behaviours, and perceptions of COVID-19. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression and a classification and regression tree. RESULTS Seventy-six percent of the respondents indicated that they had been or were willing to be vaccinated, 13% had not yet decided, and the remaining 11% said they would not be vaccinated. Factors that increased the likelihood of vaccine refusal and hesitancy were lower education level, financial instability, Indigenous status, and not being concerned about spreading the coronavirus. Perceiving COVID-19 to be more of a threat to one's community and believing that one had a higher risk of illness or death from COVID-19 decreased the likelihood of both vaccine refusal and hesitancy. Women and newcomers to Canada were more likely to be unsure about getting vaccinated. Respondents who did not plan to be vaccinated were less likely to wear face masks and practice physical distancing. CONCLUSION While many Canadians have voluntarily and eagerly become vaccinated already, reaching sufficient coverage of the population is likely to require targeted efforts to convince those who are resistant or unsure. Identifying and overcoming any barriers to vaccination that exist within the socio-demographic groups we found were least likely to be vaccinated is a crucial component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel A. Adeyinka
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica McCutcheon
- Canadian Hub for Applied and Social Research, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Green
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Miles Fahlman
- HACAN Consulting Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natalie Kallio
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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25
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Villagrán CC, Vogt D, Gupta A, Fernández EA. Inflammatory bowel disease characterized by multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) in a horse in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J 2021; 62:1190-1194. [PMID: 34728845 PMCID: PMC8543654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was evaluated for chronic weight loss, diarrhea, and pruritus. Physical examination revealed several ulcerative lesions on the skin and mucosal membranes. Diagnostic imaging findings were consistent with enteritis, typhlitis, and colitis. Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) was diagnosed upon necropsy. This disease may be considered a form of equine inflammatory bowel disease complex which can be challenging to diagnose, requiring histological assessment, and in some cases, the use of immunohistochemical markers. Key clinical message: Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease is challenging to diagnose but should be considered in horses with chronic weight loss that fail to respond to conventional treatment for concurrent diarrhea and skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cruz Villagrán
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Cruz Villagrán, Vogt) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Gupta, Aburto), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Debora Vogt
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Cruz Villagrán, Vogt) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Gupta, Aburto), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Cruz Villagrán, Vogt) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Gupta, Aburto), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Enrique Aburto Fernández
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Cruz Villagrán, Vogt) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Gupta, Aburto), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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26
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Parmar NR, Mushanski L, Wanlin T, Lepe A, Lang A, Minion J, Dillon JAR. High Prevalence of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Mediating Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium-Positive Urine Specimens From Saskatchewan. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:680-684. [PMID: 34397971 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging, sexually transmitted infection, which is more prevalent than Chlamydia trachomatis in some regions. An increase in antibiotic resistance, that is, azithromycin and moxifloxacin, recommended for treating M. genitalium infections has been noted. This is the first detailed report on the prevalence of M. genitalium and its antimicrobial resistance in Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS Aptima urine specimens (n = 1977), collected for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were tested for M. genitalium using the Aptima M. genitalium assay (MG-TMA). Antimicrobial resistance was ascertained using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing of 23S rRNA (azithromycin) and parC (moxifloxacin) from Aptima M. genitalium assay-positive specimens; mutations predictive of resistance were noted. RESULTS The prevalence of M. genitalium was 9.6% (189/1977). Predicted resistance to azithromycin (substitutions at positions 2058/2059 in 23S rRNA) was observed in 63.6% (70/110) of the specimens tested, whereas resistance to moxifloxacin (S83I in ParC) was observed in 10.6% (9/85) of the specimens. Mutations in both 23S rRNA and ParC were observed in 2.12% (4/189) of the specimens. Women aged 20 to 24 years had the highest prevalence (18.3%, P < 0.001), and in females, M. genitalium was significantly associated with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae/C. trachomatis (P < 0.001) coinfection. The prevalence of M. genitalium (9.6%) in the province of Saskatchewan was higher than that of the other 2 bacterial sexually transmitted infections (N. gonorrhoeae (3.09%) and C. trachomatis (6.85%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of M. genitalium (9.6%) and associated resistance to azithromycin (63.6%) in Saskatchewan high, suggesting that empiric azithromycin therapy may not be adequate for treating M. genitalium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Mushanski
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tasker Wanlin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
| | | | - Amanda Lang
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Minion
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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27
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Andkhoie M, Szafron M. Geographic disparities in Saskatchewan prostate cancer incidence and its association with physician density: analysis using Bayesian models. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:948. [PMID: 34425772 PMCID: PMC8383452 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saskatchewan has one of the highest incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Canada. This study assesses if geographic factors in Saskatchewan, including location of where patients live and physician density are affecting the PCa incidence. First, the objective of this study is to estimate the PCa standardized incidence ratio (SIRs) in Saskatchewan stratified by PCa risk-level. Second, this study identifies clusters of higher than and lower than expected PCa SIRs in Saskatchewan. Lastly, this study identifies the association (if any) between family physician density and estimated PCa SIRs in Saskatchewan. METHODS First, using Global Moran's I, Local Moran's I, and the Kuldorff's Spatial Scan Statistic, the study identifies clusters of PCa stratified by risk-levels. Then this study estimates the SIRs of PCa and its association with family physician density in Saskatchewan using the Besag, York, and Mollie (BYM) Bayesian method. RESULTS Higher than expected clusters of crude estimated SIR for metastatic PCa were identified in north-east Saskatchewan and lower than expected clusters were identified in south-east Saskatchewan. Areas in north-west Saskatchewan have lower than expected crude estimated SIRs for both intermediate-risk and low-risk PCa. Family physician density was negatively associated with SIRs of metastatic PCa (IRR: 0.935 [CrI: 0.880 to 0.998]) and SIRs of high-risk PCa (IRR: 0.927 [CrI: 0.880 to 0.975]). CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the geographical disparities in risk-stratified PCa incidence in Saskatchewan. The study identifies areas with a lower family physician density have a higher-than-expected incidences of metastatic and high-risk PCa. Hence policies to increase the number of physicians should ensure an equitable geographic distribution of primary care physicians to support early detection of diseases, including PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Andkhoie
- University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
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28
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Grantham JL, Verishagen CL, Whiting SJ, Henry CJ, Lieffers JRL. Evaluation of a Social Media Campaign in Saskatchewan to Promote Healthy Eating During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Analysis and Qualitative Interview Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27448. [PMID: 34133314 PMCID: PMC8297600 DOI: 10.2196/27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic presented many sudden challenges regarding food, including grocery shopping changes (eg, reduced store hours, capacity restrictions, and empty store shelves due to food hoarding), restaurant closures, the need to cook more at home, and closures of food access programs. Eat Well Saskatchewan (EWS) implemented a 16-week social media campaign, #eatwellcovid19, led by a dietitian and nutrition student that focused on sharing stories submitted by the Saskatchewan public about how they were eating healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to describe the implementation of the #eatwellcovid19 social media campaign and the results from the evaluation of the campaign, which included campaign performance using social media metrics and experiences and perspectives of campaign followers. METHODS Residents of Saskatchewan, Canada, were invited to submit personal stories and experiences to EWS about how they were eating healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic from April to August 2020. Each week, one to three stories were featured on EWS social media platforms-Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter-along with evidence-based nutrition information to help residents become more resilient to challenges related to food and nutrition experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals who submitted stories were entered into a weekly draw for a Can $100 grocery gift card. Social media metrics and semistructured qualitative interviews of campaign followers were used to evaluate the #eatwellcovid19 campaign. RESULTS In total, 75 stories were submitted by 74 individuals on a variety of topics (eg, grocery shopping, traditional skills, and gardening), and 42 stories were featured on social media. EWS shared 194 #eatwellcovid19 posts across social media platforms (Facebook: n=100; Instagram: n=55; and Twitter: n=39). On Facebook, #eatawellcovid19 reached 100,571 followers and left 128,818 impressions, resulting in 9575 engagements. On Instagram, the campaign reached 11,310 followers, made 14,145 impressions, and received 823 likes and 15 comments. On Twitter, #eatwellcovid19 made 15,199 impressions and received 424 engagements. Featured story submission posts had the best engagement on Facebook and the most likes and comments on Instagram. The EWS social media pages reported increases in their following during the campaign (Instagram: +30%; Facebook: +14%; and Twitter: +12%). Results from the interviews revealed that there were two types of campaign followers: those who appreciated hearing the stories submitted by followers, as it helped them to feel connected to the community during social isolation, and those who appreciated the evidence-based information. CONCLUSIONS Numerous stories were submitted to the #eatwellcovid19 social media campaign on various topics. On Instagram and Facebook, posts that featured these stories had the highest engagement. During this campaign, EWS's social media following increased by more than 10% on each platform. The approach used for the #eatwellcovid19 campaign could be considered by others looking to develop health promotion campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn L Grantham
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carrie L Verishagen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carol J Henry
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jessica R L Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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29
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Levasseur A, Arsenault J, Paré J. Surveillance of West Nile virus in horses in Canada: A retrospective study of cases reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency from 2003 to 2019. Can Vet J 2021; 62:469-476. [PMID: 33967285 PMCID: PMC8048205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to describe the regional and provincial incidence rates and the weekly distribution of 842 reported West Nile virus (WNV) cases in horses in Canada between 2003 and 2019. This study also investigated characteristics of cases reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) between 2015 and 2019. The western region (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) had higher incidence rates than the eastern region (Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic provinces) and overall, Saskatchewan registered the highest incidence. Over the study period, an earlier weekly preliminary onset of WNV cases was observed in the western region. The vast majority of cases were unvaccinated (96%), most cases were Quarter Horses (68%) and the risk of mortality was 31.9%. The findings of this study may be useful in informing veterinary equine practitioners about measures to prevent WNV disease in horses in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Levasseur
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré); Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) et Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada (Levasseur, Arsenault, Paré)
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré); Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) et Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada (Levasseur, Arsenault, Paré)
| | - Julie Paré
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2 (Levasseur, Paré); Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP) et Département de pathologie et microbiologie vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada (Levasseur, Arsenault, Paré)
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Courtice R, Sniatynski M, Rubin JE. Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections in dogs: Passive surveillance in Saskatchewan, Canada 2014 to 2018. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1389-1396. [PMID: 33751667 PMCID: PMC8162607 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in dogs and can be caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E coli). OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among E coli causing UTIs in dogs in Western Canada during a 4-year surveillance period. ANIMALS Urine from 516 dogs. METHODS From November 2014 to 2018, 516 nonduplicate E coli isolates from the urine of dogs were collected from a diagnostic laboratory. Susceptibility testing was determined for a panel of 14 antimicrobials belonging to 7 drug classes. Resistant isolates were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Epidemiological relationships were assessed by MLST. RESULTS 80.2% (414/516) of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. There was no significant increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to any of the tested antimicrobials during the study period. Resistance to ampicillin was the most common (14.9%, 77/516). Overall, 12 isolates had blaCMY-2 -type AmpC β-lactamases, and 7 produced CTX-M-type ESBLs. A single isolate had the aac(6')-Ib-cr PMQR gene. The qnr and qepA determinants were not detected. A single isolate belonging to the pandemic lineage ST131 was identified. CONCLUSION Escherichia coli isolated from the urine of dogs in our region remain susceptible to first-line therapies, though resistance, particularly to the aminopenicillins, warrants monitoring. This is the first description of E coli ST131 from a companion animal in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Courtice
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
- Canadian Food Inspection AgencySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Michelle Sniatynski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Khan A, Ahmed S, Zaidi A, Karunanayake C, Dosman JA, Pahwa P. Prevalence of Hormone-Related Cancers (HRCs) at Two-Time Points in Rural Saskatchewan: The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study (SRHS). J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e203-e214. [PMID: 33769404 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hormone-related cancers (HRCs) among Saskatchewan rural dwellers and explore associated risk factors. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study (SRHS), which was a prospective cohort (2010 to 2014). Completed questionnaires were obtained from 4624 (2797) households, with information about 8261 (4867) individuals more than or equal to 18 years at baseline (follow-up). The crude prevalence of HRCs was calculated using appropriate formulae. Adjusted prevalence was calculated using logistic regression based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE). RESULTS Crude prevalence of HRCs was 3.0% at the baseline. Variables significantly associated with HRCs were: exposure to radiation comprising ultraviolet radiation from sunlight as well as ionizing radiation (odds ratio [OR] 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23, 4.84), previous history of cancer in sibling (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.07) and in father (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.86). CONCLUSIONS The study informs the Saskatchewan Health Region for health care resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Khan
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Dr Khan); Department of Oncology (Dr Ahmed, Dr Zaidi); Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture (Dr Karunanayake); Distinguished Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan (Dr Dosman); President and CEO, Agrivita Canada Inc. (Dr Dosman); Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Dr Pahwa), Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Zaidi A, Khan A, Duval C, Haider K, Ahmed O, Dueck DA, Brunet B, Gardiner D, Ahmed S. Comparison of Perioperative Chemotherapy versus Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Operable Stomach Cancer: A Western Canadian Province Experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1262-1273. [PMID: 33802661 PMCID: PMC8025817 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The standard approaches for resectable stomach cancer are postoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCR) or perioperative chemotherapy (PC). Limited evidence is available regarding the superiority of one of the two approaches. We aimed to compare the survival of patients with operable stomach cancer who were treated with PC or PCR. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with operable stomach cancer diagnosed between 2005–2015 in the province of Saskatchewan were identified and, based on type of treatment, were placed into PCR and PC groups. A Cox proportional multivariate analysis was performed to assess independent prognostic variables, including survival advantage of PC over PCR. Results: A total of 88 eligible patients with a median age of 66 (56–71) and a male to female ratio of 1:0.44 were identified. Seventy-three (83%) patients had pathologically node positive disease. Sixty-seven (76%) patients received PCR, while 21 (24%) patients received PC. The median overall survival of the whole group was 34 months, with 38 months (95% CI 24.6–51.3) in the PCR group vs. 30 months (14.3–45.7) in the PC group (p = 0.29). Median relapse-free survival was 34 months (20.7–47.3) in the PCR group vs. 23 months (6.7–39.3) in the PC group (p = 0.20). Toxicities were comparable. On multivariate analysis, T ≥ 3 tumor (HR, 3.57 (1.39–8.56)), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (LNR) > 2.8 (HR, 1.85 (1.05–3.25)), and positive resection margins (HR, 1.89 (1.06–3.37)) were independently correlated with inferior survival. Conclusions: This well-designed population based cohort study suggests a lack of survival benefit of PC over PCR. Both treatment options remain viable approaches for resectable stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Zaidi
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Amal Khan
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Claire Duval
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Kamal Haider
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Dorie-Anna Dueck
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Bryan Brunet
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Donald Gardiner
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N4H4, Canada; (A.Z.); (K.H.); (O.A.); (D.-A.D.); (B.B.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-655-2710
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Hartmann RJ, Elder JD, Terrett LA. Impact of an emergency department opioid prescribing guideline on emergency physician behaviour and incidence of overdose in the Saskatoon Health Region: a retrospective pre-post implementation analysis. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E79-E86. [PMID: 33514601 PMCID: PMC7864696 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deaths related to opioid overdoses are increasing in North America, with the emergency department being identified as a potential contributor toward this epidemic. Our goal was to determine whether a departmental guideline for the prescribing of restricted medications resulted in a reduction in opioids prescribed in a Canadian setting, with a secondary objective of determining the impact on local overdose frequency. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the prescribing habits of emergency department physicians in 3 hospitals in the Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatchewan, before (Nov. 1, 2015, to Apr. 30, 2016) and after (Nov. 1, 2016, to Apr. 30, 2017) implementation of a guideline in September 2016 for the prescribing of restricted medications. We quantified opioids prescribed per hour worked and per patient seen. We performed Student paired 2-tailed t tests for both individual drug formulations and the combined total morphine equivalents. RESULTS Thirty-two emergency department physicians were included. We found a decrease of 31.1% in opioids prescribed, from 10.36 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per patient seen to 7.14 MME per patient seen (absolute change -3.22 MME, 95% confidence interval -4.81 to -1.63 MME). Over the same period, we found no change in prehospital naloxone use and a modest increase in the amount of naloxone dispensed by emergency department pharmacies. There was no decrease in the number of overdoses after guideline implementation. INTERPRETATION Implementation of a guideline for the prescribing of restricted medications in a Canadian emergency department setting was associated with a decrease in the quantity of opioids prescribed but not in the number of overdoses. This finding suggests that the emergency department is unlikely the source of opioids used in acute overdose, although emergency department opioid prescriptions cannot be ruled out as a risk factor for opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J Hartmann
- College of Medicine (Hartmann, Elder) and Department of Emergency Medicine (Hartmann, Elder, Terrett), University of Saskatchewan; Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine (Terrett), Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Sask.
| | - Jeffrey D Elder
- College of Medicine (Hartmann, Elder) and Department of Emergency Medicine (Hartmann, Elder, Terrett), University of Saskatchewan; Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine (Terrett), Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Luke A Terrett
- College of Medicine (Hartmann, Elder) and Department of Emergency Medicine (Hartmann, Elder, Terrett), University of Saskatchewan; Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine (Terrett), Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Sask
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Maclagan LC, Bronskill SE, Campitelli MA, Yao S, Dharma C, Hogan DB, Herrmann N, Amuah JE, Maxwell CJ. Resident-Level Predictors of Dementia Pharmacotherapy at Long-Term Care Admission: The Impact of Different Drug Reimbursement Policies in Ontario and Saskatchewan: Prédicteurs de la pharmacothérapie de la démence au niveau des résidents lors de l'hospitalisation dans des soins de longue durée : l'impact de différentes politiques de remboursement des médicaments en Ontario et en Saskatchewan. Can J Psychiatry 2020; 65:790-801. [PMID: 32274934 PMCID: PMC7564697 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720909293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine are approved for Alzheimer disease in Canada. Regional drug reimbursement policies are associated with cross-provincial variation in ChEI use, but it is unclear how these policies influence predictors of use. Using standardized data from two provinces with differing policies, we compared resident-level characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy at long-term care (LTC) admission. METHODS Using linked clinical and administrative databases, we examined characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy use among residents with dementia and/or significant cognitive impairment admitted to LTC facilities in Saskatchewan (more restrictive reimbursement policies; n = 10,599) and Ontario (less restrictive; n = 93,331) between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2015. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to assess resident demographic, functional, and clinical characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy. RESULTS On admission, 8.1% of Saskatchewan residents were receiving dementia pharmacotherapy compared to 33.2% in Ontario. In both provinces, residents with severe cognitive impairment, aggressive behaviors, and recent antipsychotic use were more likely to receive dementia pharmacotherapy; while those who were unmarried, admitted in later years, had a greater degree of frailty, and recent hospitalizations were less likely. The direction of the association for older age, rural residency, medication number, and anticholinergic therapy differed between provinces. CONCLUSIONS While more restrictive criteria for dementia pharmacotherapy coverage in Saskatchewan resulted in fewer residents entering LTC on dementia pharmacotherapy, there were relatively few differences in the factors associated with use across provinces. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess how differences in prevalence and characteristics associated with use impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan E. Bronskill
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Programs, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shenzhen Yao
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - David B. Hogan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Programs, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Amuah
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen J. Maxwell
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Zabrodski MW, Wilson G, Moshynskyy I, Wentzell A, Wood SC, Klein CD, Kozii IV, de Mattos IM, Epp T, Simko E. Investigation of clinical outbreaks of American foulbrood in honey-bee operations in Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2020; 61:1055-1059. [PMID: 33012819 PMCID: PMC7488369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four outbreaks of American foulbrood were investigated in honey-bee operations in Saskatchewan during the summer of 2019. Clinical signs were confirmed by the Saskatchewan Provincial Specialist in Apiculture and the causative agent was cultured and identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Evaluation of management practices revealed off-label metaphylactic use of oxytetracycline in 3 of 4 operations and a discontinuation of antibiotic use in the fourth. Recent regulatory changes regarding access to medically important antimicrobials has provided an opportunity for veterinarians to promote evidence-based use of antimicrobials in apiculture while safe-guarding the health of commercial honeybee populations and the economic viability of their producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Zabrodski
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Geoff Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Igor Moshynskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Alexandra Wentzell
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Sarah C Wood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Colby D Klein
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Ivanna V Kozii
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Igor Medici de Mattos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Tasha Epp
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
| | - Elemir Simko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Zabrodski, Moshynskyy, Wentzell, Wood, Klein, Kozii, de Mattos, Simko), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Epp), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Crops and Irrigation Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Saskatchewan, 800 Central Avenue, Box 3003, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 6G1 (Wilson)
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Chapuis RJJ, Ragno VM, Ariza CA, Movasseghi AR, Sayi S, Uehlinger FD, Montgomery JB. Septic fibrinous pericarditis in 4 horses in Saskatchewan following an outbreak of forest tent caterpillars in 2017. Can Vet J 2020; 61:724-730. [PMID: 32655155 PMCID: PMC7296872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2017, 4 horses were diagnosed with septic fibrinous pericarditis at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon. This case series occurred after a significant outbreak of forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria) in the province during that spring. Three horses were immediately euthanized, and treatment was attempted in 1 mare. This is the first case series of pericarditis possibly associated with the ingestion of forest tent caterpillars to be reported in western Canada. Although cause-effect is not proven, it is prudent to prevent the ingestion of caterpillars by horses. Key clinical message: Septic fibrinous pericarditis, a rare condition in horses, has previously been linked to outbreaks of eastern tent caterpillars. A similar link might exist in this case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J J Chapuis
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Valentina M Ragno
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Cristian A Ariza
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Ahmad R Movasseghi
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Soraya Sayi
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Fabienne D Uehlinger
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
| | - Julia B Montgomery
- Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies (Chapuis); Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Chapuis, Ragno, Ariza, Uehlinger, Montgomery) and Prairie Diagnostic Services (Sayi), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 205 Ott Road Pullman, Washington 99164-7060, USA (Ariza); Charles River Laboratories, 445 Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3 (Movasseghi)
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Cancelliere C, Boyle E, Côté P, Holm LW, Salmi LR, Cassidy JD. Development and validation of a model predicting post-traumatic headache six months after a motor vehicle collision in adults. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 142:105580. [PMID: 32445970 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The prognosis of post-traumatic headache is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a prognostic model to predict the presence of post-traumatic headache six months after a traffic collision in adults with incident post-traumatic headache. DESIGN Secondary analyses of adults with incident post-traumatic headache injured in traffic collisions between November 1997 and December 1999 in Saskatchewan, Canada (development cohort); and between January 2004 and January 2005 in Sweden (validation cohort). SETTING The Saskatchewan cohort (development) was population-based (N = 4162). The Swedish cohort (validation) (N = 379) were claimants from two insurance companies covering 20 % of cars driven in Sweden in 2004. PARTICIPANTS All adults injured in traffic collisions who completed a baseline questionnaire within 30 days of collision. Excluded were those hospitalized >2 days, lost consciousness >30 min, or reported headache <3/10 on the numerical rating scale. Follow-up rates for both cohorts were approximately 80 %. PREDICTORS Baseline sociodemographic, pre-injury, and injury factors. OUTCOME Self-reported headache pain intensity ≥3 (numerical rating scale) six months after injury. RESULTS Both cohorts were predominantly female (69.7 % in Saskatchewan, 65.2 % in Sweden), with median ages 35.9 years (Saskatchewan), and 38.0 years (Sweden). Predictors were age, work status, headache pain intensity, symptoms in arms or hands, dizziness or unsteadiness, stiffness in neck, pre-existing headache, and lower recovery expectations. With a positive score (i.e., ≥0.75 probability), the model can rule in the presence of post-traumatic headache at six months (development: specificity = 99.8 %, 95 % CI 99.5 %-99.9 %; sensitivity = 1.6 %, 95 % CI 1.0 %-2.6 %; positive likelihood ratio (LR+) = 8.0, 95 % CI 2.7-24.1; negative likelihood ratio (LR-) = 1.0, 95 % CI 1.0-1.0; validation: specificity = 95.5 %, 95 % CI 91.1 %-97.8 %; sensitivity = 27.2 %, 95 % CI 20.4 %-35.2 %); LR+ = 6.0, 95 % CI 2.8-13.2; LR- = 0.8, 95 % CI 0.7-0.8). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Clinicians can collect patient information on the eight predictors of our model to identify patients that will report ongoing post-traumatic headache six months after a traffic collision. Future research should focus on selecting patients at high risk of poor outcomes (using our model) for inclusion in intervention studies, and determining effective interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Cancelliere
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Ontario Tech Universty and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Eleanor Boyle
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Ontario Tech Universty and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Epidemiology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Ontario Tech University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena W Holm
- Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louis-Rachid Salmi
- ISPED/Bordeaux School of Public Health, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre INSERM U-1219 Bordeaux Population Health, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante Publique, Service d'information médicale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J David Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ahmed SU, Humphreys S, Rivers C, Jeffrey M, Fourney DR. Traumatic spinal cord injuries among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations of Saskatchewan: a prospective outcomes study. Can J Surg 2020; 63:E315-E320. [PMID: 32496034 PMCID: PMC7829008 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.012819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People of Aboriginal (Indigenous) ancestry are more likely to experience traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) than other Canadians; however, outcome studies are limited. This study aims to compare Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations with acute TSCI with respect to preinjury baseline characteristics, injury severity, treatment, outcomes and length of stay. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of participants with a TSCI who were enrolled in the prospective Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR), Saskatoon site (Royal University Hospital), between Feb. 13, 2010, and Dec. 17, 2016. Demographic, injury and management data were assessed to identify any differences between the populations. Results Of the 159 patients admitted to Royal University Hospital with an acute TSCI during the study period, 62 provided consent and were included in the study. Of these, 21 self-identified as Aboriginal (33.9%) and 41 as non-Aboriginal (66.1%) on treatment intake forms. Compared with non-Aboriginal participants, Aboriginal participants were younger, had fewer medical comorbidities, had a similar severity of neurologic injury and had similar clinical outcomes. However, the time to discharge to the community was significantly longer for Aboriginal participants (median 104.0 v. 34.0 d, p = 0.016). Although 35% of non-Aboriginal participants were discharged home from the acute care site, no Aboriginal participants were transferred home directly. Conclusion This study suggests a need for better allocation of resources for transition to the community for Aboriginal people with a TSCI in Saskatchewan. We plan to assess outcomes from TSCI for Aboriginal people across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Uzair Ahmed
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Ahmed, Fourney); the Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Humphreys, Rivers); and the Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jeffrey)
| | - Suzanne Humphreys
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Ahmed, Fourney); the Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Humphreys, Rivers); and the Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jeffrey)
| | - Carly Rivers
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Ahmed, Fourney); the Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Humphreys, Rivers); and the Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jeffrey)
| | - Melanie Jeffrey
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Ahmed, Fourney); the Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Humphreys, Rivers); and the Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jeffrey)
| | - Daryl R Fourney
- From the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Ahmed, Fourney); the Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, B.C. (Humphreys, Rivers); and the Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Jeffrey)
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Goon S, Kontulainen S, Muhajarine N. Neighborhood Built Environment Measures and Association with Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in 9-14-Year-Old Children in Saskatoon, Canada. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113837. [PMID: 32481683 PMCID: PMC7312779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether perceptual and researcher-rated measures of neighborhood-built environments (BEs) predict device-based multiple activity-related outcomes, specifically: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary time (ST), in children. Eight hundred and sixteen children aged 9-14 years from Saskatoon, Canada, were surveyed on their perceptions of BE, and their PA outcomes were objectively monitored for one week at three different time frames over a one-year period, September 2014 to August 2015. The researcher-rated BE measures were collected by trained researchers using multiple BE audit tools: neighborhood active living potential (NALP) and Irvine Minnesota inventory (IMI), 2009-2010. A multilevel modeling approach was taken to understand BE influences of children's PA outcomes. Children's perceived availability of parks and sidewalks predicted a higher accumulation of MVPA and a lower accumulation of ST. Children's report of the absence of neighborhood social disorder (e.g., threats from scary dogs/people) predicted a higher LPA, while reported concern about crime predicted a lower MVPA. Researcher-rated neighborhood activity friendliness predicted a lower ST, however, researcher-rated safety from crime predicted a higher ST. Perceived BE characteristic were stronger predictors of children's PA outcomes compared to researcher-rated BE factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatabdi Goon
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Saija Kontulainen
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada;
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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McKay LA, Meachem M, Snead E, Brannen T, Mutlow N, Ruelle L, Davies JL, van der Meer F. Prevalence and mutation analysis of the spike protein in feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis detected in household and shelter cats in western Canada. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:18-23. [PMID: 31949325 PMCID: PMC6921991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease for which no simple antemortem diagnostic assay is available. A new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has recently been developed that targets the spike protein region of the FIP virus (FIPV) and can identify specific mutations (M1030L or S1032A), the presence of which indicates a shift from feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) to FIPV. This test will only be useful in the geographical region of interest, however, if the FIP viruses contain these mutations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the presence of the M1030L or S1032A mutations in FeCV derived from stool samples from a selected group of healthy cats from households and shelters and determine how many of these cats excrete FeCV. The secondary objective was to evaluate how often these specific FIPV mutations were present in tissue samples derived from cats diagnosed with FIP at postmortem examination. Feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) was detected in 46% of fecal samples (86/185), all were FeCV type 1, with no difference between household or shelter cats. Only 45% of the FIPV analyzed contained the previously reported M1030L or S1032A mutations. It should be noted that, as the pathological tissue samples were opportunistically obtained and not specifically obtained for PCR testing, caution is warranted in interpreting these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McKay
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Melissa Meachem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Elisabeth Snead
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Terri Brannen
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Natasha Mutlow
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Liz Ruelle
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
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Al-Sakran L, Marrie RA, Blackburn D, Knox K, Evans C. Association between disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis and healthcare utilisation on a population level: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033599. [PMID: 31772108 PMCID: PMC6887031 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use in multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased significantly. However, the impact of DMTs on healthcare use is limited and conflicting, and rarely examined at a population level. This study examined the association between DMTs and healthcare utilisation at the population level. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Health administrative data from Saskatchewan, Canada (1997-2016). PARTICIPANTS To test for associations at the population level, we identified two cohorts. The general population cohort included all Saskatchewan residents ≥18 years who were drug plan beneficiaries. The MS cohort included individuals ≥18 years, identified using a validated definition (≥3 hospital, physician or drug claims for MS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND METHODS To test for an association between the total number of DMT dispensations per year and the total number of hospitalisations we used negative binomial regression fitted with generalised estimating equations (GEE); only hospitalisations that occurred after the date of MS diagnosis (date of first claim for MS or demyelinating disease) were extracted. To test for an association between the number of DMT dispensations and physician claims, negative binomial distributions with GEE were fit as above. Results were reported as rate ratios (RR), with 95% CIs, and calculated for every 1000 DMT dispensations. RESULTS The number of DMT dispensations was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause (RR=0.994; 95% CI 0.992 to 0.996) and MS-specific (RR=0.909; 95% CI 0.880 to 0.938) hospitalisations. The number of DMT dispensations was not associated with the number of all-cause (RR=1.006; 95% CI 0.990 to 1.022) or MS-specific (RR=0.962; 95% CI 0.910 to 1.016) physician claims. CONCLUSION Increased DMT use in Saskatchewan was associated with a reduction in hospitalisations, but did not impact the number of physician services used. Additional research on cost-benefit and differing treatment strategies would provide further insight into the true impact of DMTs on healthcare utilisation at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al-Sakran
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Blackburn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Katherine Knox
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Charity Evans
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Amarasinghe A, De Silva Senapathi U, Abdul-Cader MS, Popowich S, Marshall F, Cork SC, van der Meer F, Gomis S, Abdul-Careem MF. Comparative features of infections of two Massachusetts (Mass) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants isolated from Western Canadian layer flocks. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:391. [PMID: 30526618 PMCID: PMC6288874 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in chickens. There are numerous serotypes and variants, which do not confer cross protection resulting in failure of currently used IBV vaccines. Although variant IBV isolates with major genetic differences have been subjected to comparative studies, it is unknown whether minor genetic differences in IBV variants within a serotype are different in terms of pathogenesis and eliciting host responses. Two Massachusetts (Mass) variant IBV isolates recovered from commercial layer flocks in the Western Canadian provinces of Alberta (AB) and Saskatchewan (SK) were compared genetically and evaluated for their pathogenicity, tissue distribution and ability to recruit and replicate in macrophages. RESULTS Although whole genome sequencing of these two Mass IBV isolates showed low similarity with the M41 vaccinal strain, they had an identical nucleotide sequence at open reading frames (ORFs) 3a, 3b, envelop (E), matrix (M), 5a and 5b. The rest of the ORFs of these 2 IBV isolates showed 99.9% nucleotide similarity. However, upon experimental infection, we found that the IBV isolate originating from AB was different to the one that originated in SK due to higher tracheal lesion scores and lower lung viral replication and lower genome loads in cecal tonsils. Nevertheless, both IBV isolates elicited host responses characterized by significant macrophage recruitment to the respiratory tract and there was evidence that both IBV isolates replicated within tracheal and lung macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study shows that Mass variant IBV isolates, although possessing minor genetic variations, can lead to significant differences in pathogenicity in young chickens. Further studies are required to investigate the pathogenicity of these two Mass variant IBV isolates in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Amarasinghe
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5 Canada
| | - Frank Marshall
- Marshall Swine and Poultry Health Services, 3831- Bay G- 44 Ave, Camrose, AB T4V 3T1 Canada
| | - Susan C. Cork
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5 Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Li X, Doroshenko A, Osgood ND. Applying particle filtering in both aggregated and age-structured population compartmental models of pre-vaccination measles. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206529. [PMID: 30388138 PMCID: PMC6214536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is a highly transmissible disease and is one of the leading causes of death among young children under 5 globally. While the use of ongoing surveillance data and-recently-dynamic models offer insight on measles dynamics, both suffer notable shortcomings when applied to measles outbreak prediction. In this paper, we apply the Sequential Monte Carlo approach of particle filtering, incorporating reported measles incidence for Saskatchewan during the pre-vaccination era, using an adaptation of a previously contributed measles compartmental model. To secure further insight, we also perform particle filtering on an age structured adaptation of the model in which the population is divided into two interacting age groups-children and adults. The results indicate that, when used with a suitable dynamic model, particle filtering can offer high predictive capacity for measles dynamics and outbreak occurrence in a low vaccination context. We have investigated five particle filtering models in this project. Based on the most competitive model as evaluated by predictive accuracy, we have performed prediction and outbreak classification analysis. The prediction results demonstrate that this model could predict measles outbreak evolution and classify whether there will be an outbreak or not in the next month (Area under the ROC Curve of 0.89). We conclude that anticipating the outbreak dynamics of measles in low vaccination regions by applying particle filtering with simple measles transmission models, and incorporating time series of reported case counts, is a valuable technique to assist public health authorities in estimating risk and magnitude of measles outbreaks. It is to be emphasized that particle filtering supports estimation of (via sampling from) the entire state of the dynamic model-both latent and observable-for each point in time. Such approach offers a particularly strong value proposition for other pathogens with little-known dynamics, critical latent drivers, and in the context of the growing number of high-velocity electronic data sources. Strong additional benefits are also likely to be realized from extending the application of this technique to highly vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alexander Doroshenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathaniel D. Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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McLeod L, Bharadwaj L, Epp TY, Waldner CL. Ecological analysis of associations between groundwater quality and hypertension and cardiovascular disease in rural Saskatchewan, Canada using Bayesian hierarchical models and administrative health data. Environ Res 2018; 167:329-340. [PMID: 30092455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Associations between groundwater quality and the prevalence of hypertension and ischemic heart disease were investigated in rural areas of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The partially ecological study was analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models to account for spatial variability in risk. Exposure measures and health outcomes were estimated based on previously collected water quality surveillance data from public water supplies and private wells and administrative health data. Water quality exposures for each study region were estimated by applying geostatistical techniques to arsenic concentrations and principal component (PC) scores. The PC scores summarized groups of parameters measuring either health standards or aesthetic objectives described by the province. Generalized linear mixed models with a log link assessed associations between water quality and observed count of health outcomes relative to the expected value. The Bayesian models contained uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects for each geographic region. Effect estimates were controlled for sex and age by stratification of case and expected case counts, for smoking by inclusion of sex- and age-specific prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a surrogate covariate, and for education and income by use of census data. There was no evidence for associations between groundwater arsenic concentrations in public or private water supplies and increased risk of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. An increase in the second aesthetic objectives PC score from public supplies was associated with a protective effect against ischemic heart disease. This PC value summarized hardness and magnesium Similarly, an increase in the second aesthetic objectives PC in private supplies was associated with decreased prevalence of hypertension. The results of this study are consistent with others demonstrating a relationship between elevated hardness and magnesium concentrations in drinking water and reduced risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further investigation is warranted with individual exposure history, particularly with respect to the potential beneficial effect of hard water on the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne McLeod
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Lalita Bharadwaj
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 2Z4
| | - Tasha Y Epp
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
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Gaunt MC, Carr AP, Taylor SM. Serological survey of canine vector-borne diseases in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1109-1111. [PMID: 30510318 PMCID: PMC6135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood samples were collected from 515 dogs in the practice region surrounding Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada between 2008 and 2010 and evaluated for seroprevalence of vector-borne diseases. Of 515 samples, 12 (2.3%) were positive, with 7 (1.4%) positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. These prevalences are higher than those previously reported for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casey Gaunt
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
| | - Anthony P Carr
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
| | - Susan M Taylor
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
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Fridman L, Fraser-Thomas J, Pike I, Macpherson AK. An interprovincial comparison of unintentional childhood injury rates in Canada for the period 2006-2012. Can J Public Health 2018; 109:573-580. [PMID: 30073552 PMCID: PMC6964635 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform an interprovincial comparison of unintentional population-based injury hospitalization and death rates for Canadian children ages 0-19 years and compare trends between 2006 and 2012. METHODS Annual population-based hospitalization rates per 100,000 from unintentional injuries were calculated for children/youth (< 19 years) using data from the Discharge Abstract Database between 2006 and 2012. Annual mortality rates were analyzed using provincial coronial data. The mean annual change in the rate of hospitalizations due to unintentional injuries was reported for each province. RESULTS The average annual rate of hospital admissions for unintentional injuries was 305.10 per 100,000 population between 2006 and 2012, and this decreased by - 11.91 over time (p < 0.01, - 15.85; - 7.77). Saskatchewan had the highest average annual morbidity rate (550.76 per 100,000) from all unintentional causes, and Ontario had the lowest average annual rate (238.89 per 100,000). Saskatchewan had the highest average annual rate for all subcauses except for drowning. Ontario was the only province with an average annual injury morbidity rate that was consistently below the Canadian average. The average annual mortality rate from all unintentional injury was highest in Saskatchewan (17.51 per 100,000) and lowest in Ontario (5.99 per 100,000) when compared to Canada (7.97 per 100,000). CONCLUSION Injury prevention policies vary considerably among provinces. Although the unintentional injury hospitalization rate is decreasing over time, some subcauses such as choking/suffocation have shown an increase in certain provinces. Evidence-based childhood injury prevention policies, such as playground equipment safety and four-sided pool fencing among others, should be standardized across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Fridman
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jessica Fraser-Thomas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3V4, Canada
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Uehlinger FD, Wilkins W, Godson DL, Drebot MA. Seroprevalence of Cache Valley virus and related viruses in sheep and other livestock from Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J 2018; 59:413-418. [PMID: 29606729 PMCID: PMC5855288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cache Valley virus, an orthobunyavirus, is an important cause of ovine neonatal malformations. Information on the seroprevalence of this virus in Saskatchewan livestock populations is lacking. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Cache Valley virus and closely related viruses in sheep, cattle, goats, horses, and mule deer in Saskatchewan by performing a plaque-reduction neutralization test using Cache Valley virus. In total, sera from 130 sheep from 50 flocks were tested. Seroprevalence in sheep was 64.6% (84/130) and 94.0% (47/50) of flocks had 1 or more seropositive sheep. Antibodies to Cache Valley virus or closely related viruses were also detected in serum samples collected from cattle, goats, horses, and mule deer with seroprevalences of 20.0% (5/25), 33.3% (8/24), 69.0% (40/58), and 50.8% (33/65), respectively. These results suggest widespread exposure to Cache Valley virus or closely related viruses in domestic animals and mule deer in Saskatchewan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne D Uehlinger
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan (Uehlinger); Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Branch, 3085 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0B1 (Wilkins); Prairie Diagnostic Services, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Godson); Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Disease Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1050 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2 (Drebot)
| | - Wendy Wilkins
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan (Uehlinger); Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Branch, 3085 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0B1 (Wilkins); Prairie Diagnostic Services, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Godson); Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Disease Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1050 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2 (Drebot)
| | - Dale L Godson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan (Uehlinger); Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Branch, 3085 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0B1 (Wilkins); Prairie Diagnostic Services, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Godson); Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Disease Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1050 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2 (Drebot)
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan (Uehlinger); Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Branch, 3085 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0B1 (Wilkins); Prairie Diagnostic Services, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Godson); Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Disease Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1050 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2 (Drebot)
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Mobin A, Feng CX, Neudorf C. Cybervictimization among preadolescents in a community-based sample in Canada: Prevalence and predictors. Can J Public Health 2018; 108:e475-e481. [PMID: 29356652 PMCID: PMC6972476 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and predictors associated with cybervictimization among preadolescents in a community-based sample from Canada. METHODS Data were drawn from a cohort of 5783 students of grades 5-8, aged 9-14 from 109 elementary schools at the Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatchewan of Canada based on the Student Health Survey in the year of 2010-2011. Multivariate logistic regression with the generalized estimating equation was used to determine the individual and contextual factors associated with self-reported cybervictimization. RESULTS Of the 5783 school children, 5611 (97.0%) responded to the question regarding cybervictimization. Among those respondents, 572 (10.2%) reported being cyberbullied at least once in the past four weeks. The students most likely to be victimized by cyberbullying were girls, students in grades 7 and 8 compared with grade 5, Aboriginal students compared to non-Aboriginal students, those who had lived part of their life outside of Canada compared with those who lived all of their life in Canada, those who reported drinking alcohol in the past, those who reported very elevated depressive symptoms, those who were traditionally bullied, those who had low self-esteem, and those who had a poor relationship with their parents. School-level variation in cyberbullying victimization is negligible. School neighbour-level deprivation is not significant after adjusting for individual-level characteristics and parent-child relationship. CONCLUSION Our findings identified important characteristics of preadolescents with higher susceptibility to cybervictimization in a Canadian setting, which can be used to develop intervention strategies for mitigating cybervictimization among the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mobin
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK.
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Alrefai D, Jones J, El-Matary W, Whiting SJ, Aljebreen A, Mirhosseini N, Vatanparast H. The Association of Vitamin D Status with Disease Activity in a Cohort of Crohn's Disease Patients in Canada. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101112. [PMID: 29023388 PMCID: PMC5691728 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the association between vitamin D status as 25hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and disease activity in a cohort of 201 Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients in Saskatoon, Canada over three years. The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and 25(OH)D and several disease predictors were evaluated by the generalized estimating equation (GEE) over three time-point measurements. A GEE binary logistic regression test was used to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). The deficient vitamin D group (≤29 nmol/L) had significantly higher mean hs-CRP levels compared with the three other categories of vitamin D status (p < 0.05). CRP was significantly lower in all of the other groups compared with the vitamin D-deficient group, which had Coef. = 12.8 units lower (95% CI −19.8, −5.8), Coef. 7.85 units (95% CI −14.9, −0.7), Coef. 9.87 units (95% CI −17.6, −2.0) for the vitamin D insufficient, adequate, and optimal groups, respectively. The vitamin D status was associated with the HBI active disease category. However, the difference in the odds ratio compared with the reference category of deficient vitamin D category was only significant in the insufficient category (odds ratio = 3.45, p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.0, 10.8). Vitamin D status was inversely associated with indicators of disease activity in Crohn’s disease, particularly with the objective measures of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Alrefai
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Division of Digestive Care & Endoscopy, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Wael El-Matary
- College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | | | | | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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Jelinski M, Gilleard J, Rocheleau L, Royan G, Waldner C. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode infections in grazing yearling beef cattle in Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2017; 58:1044-1050. [PMID: 28966353 PMCID: PMC5603933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide contemporary data on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections of grazing yearling beef cattle in the province of Saskatchewan. Fecal samples (n = 1290) were collected over 4 time periods during the summer grazing season from 21 separately managed groups of cattle. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were estimated using generalized estimating equations with a negative binomial distribution with log link function, adjusting for clustering of samples within each herd for each time period. Nematodirus spp. and Trichuris spp. eggs were enumerated separately and were detected in 5.7% (73/1290) and 1.7% (22/1290) of samples, respectively. One or more strongyle-type eggs were detected in 79.5% (1025/1290) of the samples and FEC increased by 2.8 times over the summer grazing season. Interestingly, FEC were ~3.4 times higher on pastures located in dark brown versus brown soil zones, a finding that warrants further investigation.
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