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Winters M, Fuller D, Cloutier MS, Harris MA, Howard A, Kestens Y, Kirk S, Macpherson A, Moore S, Rothman L, Shareck M, Tomasone JR, Laberee K, Stephens ZP, Sones M, Ayton D, Batomen B, Bell S, Collins P, Diab E, Giles AR, Hagel BE, Harris MS, Harris P, Lachapelle U, Manaugh K, Mitra R, Muhajarine N, Myrdahl TM, Pettit CJ, Pike I, Skouteris H, Wachsmuth D, Whitehurst D, Beck B. Building CapaCITY/É for sustainable transportation: protocol for an implementation science research program in healthy cities. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085850. [PMID: 38631827 PMCID: PMC11029507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving sustainable transportation options will help cities tackle growing challenges related to population health, congestion, climate change and inequity. Interventions supporting active transportation face many practical and political hurdles. Implementation science aims to understand how interventions or policies arise, how they can be translated to new contexts or scales and who benefits. Sustainable transportation interventions are complex, and existing implementation science frameworks may not be suitable. To apply and adapt implementation science for healthy cities, we have launched our mixed-methods research programme, CapaCITY/É. We aim to understand how, why and for whom sustainable transportation interventions are successful and when they are not. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Across nine Canadian municipalities and the State of Victoria (Australia), our research will focus on two types of sustainable transportation interventions: all ages and abilities bicycle networks and motor vehicle speed management interventions. We will (1) document the implementation process and outcomes of both types of sustainable transportation interventions; (2) examine equity, health and mobility impacts of these interventions; (3) advance implementation science by developing a novel sustainable transportation implementation science framework and (4) develop tools for scaling up and scaling out sustainable transportation interventions. Training activities will develop interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners able to work at the nexus of academia and sustainable cities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Ethics Research (H22-03469). A Knowledge Mobilization Hub will coordinate dissemination of findings via a website; presentations to academic, community organisations and practitioner audiences; and through peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Cloutier
- Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Anne Harris
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Howard
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Kirk
- Healthy Populations Institute and Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Rothman
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martine Shareck
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Laberee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Meridith Sones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darshini Ayton
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brice Batomen
- University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Bell
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Patricia Collins
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Diab
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Audrey R Giles
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mike S Harris
- City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Harris
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research and Evaluation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ugo Lachapelle
- Département d'études urbaines et touristiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Manaugh
- Department of Geography and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tiffany Muller Myrdahl
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies and Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Pettit
- City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Wachsmuth
- School of Urban Planning, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Whitehurst
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Moore L, Ben Abdeljelil A, Tardif PA, Zemek R, Reed N, Yeates KO, Emery CA, Gagnon IJ, Yanchar N, Bérubé M, Dawson J, Berthelot S, Stang A, Beno S, Beaulieu E, Turgeon AF, Labrosse M, Lauzier F, Pike I, Macpherson A, Freire GC. Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 83:327-339. [PMID: 38142375 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Our primary objectives were to identify clinical practice guideline recommendations for children with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presenting to an emergency department (ED), appraise their overall quality, and synthesize the quality of evidence and the strength of included recommendations. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and medical association websites from January 2012 to May 2023 for clinical practice guidelines with at least 1 recommendation targeting pediatric mTBI populations presenting to the ED within 48 hours of injury for any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in the acute phase of care (ED and inhospital). Pairs of reviewers independently assessed overall clinical practice guideline quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. The quality of evidence on recommendations was synthesized using a matrix based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence-to-Decision framework. RESULTS We included 11 clinical practice guidelines, of which 6 (55%) were rated high quality. These included 101 recommendations, of which 34 (34%) were based on moderate- to high-quality evidence, covering initial assessment, initial diagnostic imaging, monitoring/observation, therapeutic interventions, discharge advice, follow-up, and patient and family support. We did not identify any evidence-based recommendations in high-quality clinical practice guidelines for repeat imaging, neurosurgical consultation, or hospital admission. Lack of strategies and tools to aid implementation and editorial independence were the most common methodological weaknesses. CONCLUSIONS We identified 34 recommendations based on moderate- to high-quality evidence that may be considered for implementation in clinical settings. Our review highlights important areas for future research. This review also underlines the importance of providing strategies to facilitate the implementation of clinical practice guideline recommendations for pediatric mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Moore
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Anis Ben Abdeljelil
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pier-Alexandre Tardif
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberts, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Gagnon
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Yanchar
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bérubé
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Dawson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Berthelot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonia Stang
- Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne Beno
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Beaulieu
- Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Melanie Labrosse
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle C Freire
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gnanvi JE, Yanchar N, Freire G, Beaulieu E, Tardif PA, Bérubé M, Macpherson A, Pike I, Zemek R, Gagnon IJ, Carsen S, Gabbe B, Gnanou S, Duval C, Moore L. Social determinants of health and disparities in pediatric trauma care: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38519996 PMCID: PMC10958897 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH), including "the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, work, live and age" affect child health and well-being. Several studies have synthesized evidence about the influence of SDH on childhood injury risks and outcomes. However, there is no systematic evidence about the impact of SDH on accessing care and quality of care once a child has suffered an injury. We aim to evaluate the extent to which access to care and quality of care after injury are affected by children and adolescents' SDH. METHODS Using Cochrane methodology, we will conduct a systematic review including observational and experimental studies evaluating the association between social/material elements contributing to health disparities, using the PROGRESS-Plus framework: place of residence, race/ethnicity/culture/language, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital and care received by children and adolescents (≤ 19 years of age) after injury. We will consult published literature using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Academic Search Premier and grey literature using Google Scholar from their inception to a maximum of 6 months prior to submission for publication. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment for included studies. The risk of bias will be assessed using the ROBINS-E and ROB-2 tools respectively for observational and experimental study designs. We will analyze data to perform narrative syntheses, and if enough studies are identified, we will conduct a meta-analysis using random effects models. DISCUSSION This systematic review will provide a synthesis of evidence on the association between SDH and pediatric trauma care (access to care and quality of care) that clinicians and policymakers can use to better tailor care systems and promote equitable access and quality of care for all children. We will share our findings through clinical rounds, conferences, and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023408467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyce Eunice Gnanvi
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Natalie Yanchar
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Freire
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Beaulieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Alexandre Tardif
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bérubé
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Gagnon
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sasha Carsen
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Belinda Gabbe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soualio Gnanou
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Duval
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Carsley S, Thomas S, Oei T, Smith B, Harrington D, Pike I, Macpherson AK, Richmond SA. Child abuse and neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 149:106645. [PMID: 38241804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple child health experts postulated that the stay-at-home orders would negatively impact child abuse and neglect. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child abuse and neglect in children ages 18 and under; and review author recommendations for future emergency lockdown procedures. METHODS We completed a systematic search of articles across five databases. Review-level studies were included if they examined any abuse or neglect related outcomes in children and youth (e.g., injuries, case openings), and were published in English. We completed quality appraisals of each included article using the Health Evidence™ tool. We categorized the findings by data source including administrative and survey data, or other data sources. We also narratively summarized reported recommendations. RESULTS In total, 11 reviews were included. Two reviews were of strong quality, 7 moderate, and 2 were weak. Overall, studies within reviews that reported from administrative data sources demonstrated decreased child abuse and neglect outcomes compared to before the pandemic. Studies using cross-sectional data demonstrated increases. Reviews with mixed results often reported increases in emotional, neglect and psychological abuse cases and decreases physical and sexual abuse cases. CONCLUSIONS This study found consistent results across reviews; depending on the data source and study design, child abuse and neglect outcomes either increased or decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future work should enhance data collection methods for surveillance and intervention of child abuse and neglect during public health emergencies when traditional mechanisms are limited, with an increased focus on the rigor of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carsley
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sera Thomas
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiffany Oei
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan Smith
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Harrington
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sarah A Richmond
- Department of Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Sadler K, Rajabali F, Zheng A, Jain N, Pike I. Impact of a Parent Education Program Delivered by Nurses and Health Care Providers in Reducing Infant Physical Abuse Hospitalization Rates in British Columbia, Canada. Can J Nurs Res 2024; 56:109-116. [PMID: 38115698 DOI: 10.1177/08445621231222527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Period of PURPLE Crying Program® (PURPLE) is a universal parent education program that is delivered by nurses and health care providers to all parents/caregivers of newborns in British Columbia (B.C.). The aim of the program is to reduce the incidence of Traumatic Head Injury -Child Maltreatment (THI-CM), a form of child physical abuse. OBJECTIVE To determine if the PURPLE program had an impact on the rate of physical abuse hospitalizations for children less than or equal to 24 months of age in B.C. since implementation in 2009. METHODS The analysis measured physical abuse hospitalization rates for the period January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2019 and excluded any cases of confirmed Traumatic Head Injury-Child Maltreatment. Data were divided into pre-implementation period January, 1999 to December, 2008, and post-implementation period January, 2009 to December, 2019. Data were obtained from the Discharge Abstract Database and B.C. THI-CM Surveillance System to capture information on infant child abuse. Poisson regression and ANCOVA was applied to model the change in rates pre and post program implementation. RESULTS Physical abuse hospitalization rates decreased by 30% post-implementation period (95% CI: -14%, 57%, p = 0.1561). The decreasing linear trend in the post-implementation period was significantly different than the increasing linear trend in the pre-implementation period (F1,17 = 4.832, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Nurses' role in engaging parents in conversations about PURPLE messages over multiple timepoints within a structured universal program model resulted in a decrease in physical abuse hospitalization rates since the implementation of PURPLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sadler
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nita Jain
- Child Protection Service Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bauer MEE, Pike I. What children's perspectives on safe and dangerous outdoor play can tell us about their risk-seeking and injury experiences: 'You don't feel right doing the thing that got you hurt'. Inj Prev 2023; 29:367-370. [PMID: 37230734 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of children's hospitalisations and death globally and are thus a pressing public health concern. Fortunately, they are largely preventable, and understanding children's perspectives on safe and dangerous outdoor play can help educators and researchers identify ways to mitigate the likelihood of their occurrence. Problematically, children's perspectives are rarely included in injury prevention scholarship. In this study, we acknowledge children's right to have their voices heard by exploring the perspectives on safe and dangerous play and injury of 13 children in Metro Vancouver, Canada. METHODS We employed tenets of risk and sociocultural theory and a child-centred community-based participatory research approach to injury prevention. We conducted unstructured interviews with children aged 9-13 years old. RESULTS Through our thematic analysis, we identified two themes: (1) 'little' and 'big' injuries and (2) risk and danger. CONCLUSION Our results suggest children differentiate between 'little' and 'big' injuries by reflecting on the potential loss of opportunities for play with friends. Further, they suggest children avoid play they perceive as dangerous, but enjoy 'risk-seeking' because it is thrilling and provides them with opportunities to push their physical and mental capabilities. Child educators and injury prevention researchers can use our findings to inform their communications with children and make play spaces more accessible to, fun and safe for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Emma Eileen Bauer
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Shah S, Cook KW, Symonds P, Weißer J, Skinner A, Al Omari A, Paston SJ, Pike I, Durrant LG, Brentville VA. Vaccination with post-translational modified, homocitrullinated peptides induces CD8 T-cell responses that mediate antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006966. [PMID: 37857526 PMCID: PMC10603355 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. One such modification is carbamylation (homocitrullination) that results in the formation of homocitrulline (Hcit) residues in a non-enzymatic reaction of cyanate with the lysine residues in the polypeptide chain. Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models. METHODS Homocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. CD8 responses were assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor therapy. Human tumor samples were analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry for presence of homocitrullinated peptides. RESULTS Homocitrullinated peptides from aldolase and cytokeratin were identified, that stimulated CD8-mediated responses in vivo. Modified peptides showed enhanced binding to HLA-A2 compared with the native sequences and immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice generated high avidity modification specific CD8 responses that killed peptide expressing target cells. Importantly, in vivo the homocitrullinated aldolase specific response was associated with efficient CD8 dependent antitumor therapy of the aggressive murine B16 tumor model indicating that this epitope is naturally presented in the tumor. In addition, the homocitrullinated aldolase epitope was also detected in human tumor samples. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that homocitrullinated peptides can be processed and presented via MHC-I and targeted for tumor therapy. Thus, Hcit-specific CD8 T-cell responses have potential in the development of future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliane Weißer
- Proteome Science R&D GmbH und Co, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Science R&D GmbH und Co, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Caplan L, Lashewicz B, Pitt TM, Aucoin J, Fridman L, HubkaRao T, Pike I, Howard AW, Macpherson AK, Rothman L, Cloutier MS, Hagel BE. Blame attribution analysis of police motor vehicle collision reports involving child bicyclists. Inj Prev 2023; 29:407-411. [PMID: 37295929 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries resulting from collisions between a bicyclist and driver are preventable and have high economic, personal and societal costs. Studying the language choices used by police officers to describe factors responsible for child bicyclist-motor vehicle collisions may help shift prevention efforts away from vulnerable road users to motorists and the environment. The overall aim was to investigate how police officers attribute blame in child (≤18 years) bicycle-motor vehicle collision scenarios. METHODS A document analysis approach was used to analyse Alberta Transportation police collision reports from Calgary and Edmonton (2016-2017). Collision reports were categorised by the research team according to perceived blame (child, driver, both, neither, unsure). Content analysis was then used to examine police officer language choices. A narrative thematic analysis of the individual, behavioural, structural and environmental factors leading to collision blame was then conducted. RESULTS Of 171 police collision reports included, child bicyclists were perceived to be at fault in 78 reports (45.6%) and adult drivers were perceived at fault in 85 reports (49.7%). Child bicyclists were portrayed through language choices as being irresponsible and irrational, leading to interactions with drivers and collisions. Risk perception issues were also mentioned frequently in relation to poor decisions made by child bicyclists. Most police officer reports discussed road user behaviours, and children were frequently blamed for collisions. CONCLUSIONS This work provides an opportunity to re-examine perceptions of factors related to motor vehicle and child bicyclist collisions with a view to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Caplan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bonnie Lashewicz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tona Michael Pitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janet Aucoin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liraz Fridman
- Engineering and Transportation Services, Infrastructure, Development & Enterprise, City of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tate HubkaRao
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew William Howard
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Rothman
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Cloutier
- Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Yip PK, Bremang M, Pike I, Ponnusamy V, Michael-Titus AT, Shah DK. Newborns with Favourable Outcomes after Perinatal Asphyxia Have Upregulated Glucose Metabolism-Related Proteins in Plasma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1471. [PMID: 37892154 PMCID: PMC10604898 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Although mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) may improve outcomes in selected babies, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. A proteomics discovery study was carried out to analyse proteins in the plasma of newborns with HIE. Proteomic analysis of plasma from 22 newborns with moderate-severe HIE that had initially undergone TH, and relative controls including 10 newborns with mild HIE who did not warrant TH and also cord blood from 10 normal births (non-HIE) were carried out using the isobaric Tandem Mass Tag (TMT®) 10plexTM labelling with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 7818 unique peptides were identified in all TMT10plexTM samples, translating to 3457 peptides representing 405 proteins, after applying stringent filter criteria. Apart from the unique protein signature from normal cord blood, unsupervised analysis revealed several significantly regulated proteins in the TH-treated moderate-severe HIE group. GO annotation and functional clustering revealed various proteins associated with glucose metabolism: the enzymes fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, and pyruvate kinase PKM were upregulated in newborns with favourable (sHIE+) outcomes compared to newborns with unfavourable (sHIE-) outcomes. Those with favourable outcomes had normal MR imaging or mild abnormalities not predictive of adverse outcomes. However, in comparison to mild HIE and the sHIE- groups, the sHIE+ group had the additional glucose metabolism-related enzymes upregulated, including triosephosphate isomerase, α-enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transaldolase, and mitochondrial glutathione reductase. In conclusion, our plasma proteomic study demonstrates that TH-treated newborns with favourable outcomes have an upregulation in glucose metabolism. These findings may open new avenues for more effective neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K. Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Michael Bremang
- Proteome Sciences PLC, Coveham House, Surrey KT11 3EP, UK (I.P.)
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences PLC, Coveham House, Surrey KT11 3EP, UK (I.P.)
| | - Vennila Ponnusamy
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
- St. Peter’s Hospital (Ashford and St. Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Divyen K. Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
- Neonatal Unit, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK
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10
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Shill IJ, West SW, Brown J, Wilson F, Palmer D, Pike I, Hendricks S, Stokes KA, Hagel BE, Emery CA. How to harness and improve on video analysis for youth rugby player safety: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001645. [PMID: 37780130 PMCID: PMC10537827 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Video analysis is a useful tool for injury surveillance in rugby union. There are few video analysis studies in the professional female game, with most studies published in the male elite/professional settings. Moreover, there is a sparsity of literature in youth rugby settings. The following narrative review outlines the strengths and limitations of the current video analysis literature for injury surveillance in youth rugby union, highlights the importance of video analysis for youth rugby player safety and welfare, and discusses recommendations for using video analysis to inform player safety in youth rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fiona Wilson
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Debbie Palmer
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Al-Hajj S, Thomas L, Morris S, Clare J, Jennings C, Biantoro C, Garis L, Pike I. Community Fire Risk Reduction: Longitudinal Assessment for HomeSafe Fire Prevention Program in Canada. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6369. [PMID: 37510600 PMCID: PMC10379429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Residential fires represent the third leading cause of unintentional injuries globally. This study aims to offer an overview and a longitudinal evaluation of the HomeSafe program implemented in Surrey in 2008 and to assess its effectiveness in mitigating fire-related outcomes. (2) Methods: Data were collected over a 12-year period (2008-2019). Assessed outcomes comprised frequency of fire incidents, residential fires, casualties, functioning smoke alarms, and contained fires. The effectiveness of each initiative was determined by comparing the specific intervention group outcome and the city-wide outcome to the pre-intervention period. (3) Results: This study targeted 120,349 households. HomeSafe achieved overwhelming success in decreasing fire rates (-80%), increasing functioning smoke alarms (+60%), increasing the percentage of contained fires (+94%), and decreasing fire casualties (-40%). The study findings confirm that the three most effective HomeSafe initiatives were firefighters' visits of households, inspections and installations of smoke alarms, and verifications of fire crew alarms at fire incidents. Some initiatives were less successful, including post-door hangers (+12%) and package distribution (+15%). (4) Conclusions: The HomeSafe program effectively decreased the occurrence and magnitude of residential fires. Lessons learned should be transferred to similar contexts to implement an evidence-based, consistent, and systematic approach to sustainable fire prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Larry Thomas
- City of Surrey Fire Service, Surrey, BC V3W 4P1, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Clare
- UWA Law School, The University of Western Australia, M253, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles Jennings
- Department of Security, Fire, and Emergency Management, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | | | - Len Garis
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
- Department of Security, Fire, and Emergency Management, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
- School of Culture, Media, and Society, The University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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12
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Desapriya E, Dhatt A, Gunaratna D, Pike I. Potential of Exercise as a COVID-19 Prevention Strategy. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:169-170. [PMID: 37344036 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ediriweera Desapriya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anand Dhatt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC/BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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13
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McCullogh E, Macpherson A, Hagel B, Giles A, Fuselli P, Pike I, Torres J, Richmond SA. Road safety, health equity, and the built environment: perspectives of transport and injury prevention professionals in five Canadian municipalities. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1211. [PMID: 37349745 PMCID: PMC10286376 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding health equity (HE) and the built environment (BE) are well established in the Canadian urban context. Transport and injury prevention professionals across sectors, such as transportation and public health, are involved in designing and implementing BE interventions that enhance the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs). Results from a larger study examining barriers and facilitators to BE change are used to illustrate how transport and injury prevention professionals perceive HE concerns in their work in five Canadian municipalities. Broadening our understanding of how HE influences the professional BE change context is crucial when advocating for modifications that enhance the safety of equity-deserving VRUs and groups who experience marginalization. METHODS Interview and focus group data were gathered from transport and injury prevention professionals working in policy/decision-making, transport, police services, public health, non-profit organizations, schools/school boards, community associations, and private sectors across five Canadian urban municipalities: Vancouver, Calgary, Peel Region, Toronto, and Montréal. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis (TA) to illustrate how equity considerations were perceived and applied in participants' BE change work. RESULTS The results of this study illustrate transport and injury prevention professionals' awareness of the varying needs of VRUs, as well as the inadequacies of current BEs in the Canadian urban context and consultation processes utilized to guide change. Participants emphasized the importance of equitable community consultation strategies, as well as specific BE changes that would support the health and safety of VRUs. Overall, the results highlight how HE concerns inform transport and injury prevention professionals' BE change work in the Canadian urban context. CONCLUSION For professionals working in urban Canadian transport and injury prevention sectors HE concerns influenced their perspectives of the BE and BE change. These results illustrate a growing need for HE to guide BE change work and consultation processes. Further, these results contribute to ongoing efforts in the Canadian urban context to ensure that HE is at the forefront of BE policy change and decision-making, while promoting existing strategies to ensure that the BE, and related decision-making processes, are accessible and informed by a HE lens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Pike
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Rajabali F, Turcotte K, Zheng A, Pauls N, Nguyen T, Kalman E, Covic V, Pike I. Corrigendum: The cost of firearm violent crime in British Columbia, Canada. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1180968. [PMID: 37325315 PMCID: PMC10265671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1180968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938091.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nick Pauls
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Kalman
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Vedrana Covic
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Wittrahm R, Takalo M, Kuulasmaa T, Mäkinen PM, Mäkinen P, Končarević S, Fartzdinov V, Selzer S, Kokkola T, Antikainen L, Martiskainen H, Kemppainen S, Marttinen M, Jeskanen H, Rostalski H, Rahunen E, Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Natunen T, Lambert JC, Tanzi RE, Kim DY, Rauramaa T, Herukka SK, Soininen H, Laakso M, Pike I, Leinonen V, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M. Protective Alzheimer's disease-associated APP A673T variant predominantly decreases sAPPβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid and 2D/3D cell culture models. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106140. [PMID: 37120095 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare A673T variant was the first variant found within the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene conferring protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thereafter, different studies have discovered that the carriers of the APP A673T variant show reduced levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the plasma and better cognitive performance at high age. Here, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of APP A673T carriers and control individuals using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify differentially regulated targets in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, the APP A673T variant was introduced into 2D and 3D neuronal cell culture models together with the pathogenic APP Swedish and London mutations. Consequently, we now report for the first time the protective effects of the APP A673T variant against AD-related alterations in the CSF, plasma, and brain biopsy samples from the frontal cortex. The CSF levels of soluble APPβ (sAPPβ) and Aβ42 were significantly decreased on average 9-26% among three APP A673T carriers as compared to three well-matched controls not carrying the protective variant. Consistent with these CSF findings, immunohistochemical assessment of cortical biopsy samples from the same APP A673T carriers did not reveal Aβ, phospho-tau, or p62 pathologies. We identified differentially regulated targets involved in protein phosphorylation, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in the CSF and plasma samples of APP A673T carriers. Some of the identified targets showed inverse levels in AD brain tissue with respect to increased AD-associated neurofibrillary pathology. In 2D and 3D neuronal cell culture models expressing APP with the Swedish and London mutations, the introduction of the APP A673T variant resulted in lower sAPPβ levels. Concomitantly, the levels of sAPPα were increased, while decreased levels of CTFβ and Aβ42 were detected in some of these models. Our findings emphasize the important role of APP-derived peptides in the pathogenesis of AD and demonstrate the effectiveness of the protective APP A673T variant to shift APP processing towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway in vitro even in the presence of two pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wittrahm
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Petra M Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | - Stefan Selzer
- Proteome Sciences GmbH & Co. KG, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Leila Antikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Henna Martiskainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Susanna Kemppainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Heli Jeskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hannah Rostalski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Eija Rahunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- U1167, University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, London, WC1H 9BB, UK.
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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16
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Rajabali F, Turcotte K, Zheng A, Pauls N, Nguyen T, Kalman E, Covic V, Pike I. The cost of firearm violent crime in British Columbia, Canada. Front Public Health 2023; 10:938091. [PMID: 36711377 PMCID: PMC9880035 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to quantify the total cost of violent firearm-related offenses in British Columbia in 2016 Canadian dollars over a five-year period, 2012 to 2016. The purposes of this study were to estimate the direct costs to the health care system and indirect costs to society for violent firearm injuries and deaths; and to estimate criminal justice system costs pertaining to firearm incidents. Methods Human and economic costs to the health care system and productivity losses were calculated using health administrative datasets such as B.C. Vital Statistics and Discharge Abstract Database. Criminal justice system costs pertaining to firearm incidents were estimated by applying weighted average costs to aggregate expenditures using methodology consistent with that used by Statistics Canada. Results There was a total of 108 deaths and 245 hospitalizations resulting from violent firearm injuries. The total estimated cost of all violent firearm crime averaged $294,378,985 per year; human costs averaged $188,416,841 per year, where health care costs averaged $3,910,317 per year, productivity losses from workforce and household averaged $17,299,054 and $4,559,470 per year, respectively, and loss of life averaged $162,648,000; and $105,021,145 in criminal justice system costs, and $941,000 in programming costs. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates the significant cost of violent firearm injury in British Columbia and the impacts on the health care system, criminal justice system, and to society at large, particularly within the criminal justice system where the costs were significantly higher than health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Fahra Rajabali ✉
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nick Pauls
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Kalman
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Vedrana Covic
- Public Safety and Police Services Unit, Policing and Security Branch, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kunz KR, Turcotte K, Pawer S, Zheng A, Purewal A, Wellar A, Karmali S, Garis L, Thomas LS, Pike I. Cancer in female firefighters: The clinicobiological, psychological, and social perspectives. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1126066. [PMID: 37124817 PMCID: PMC10130581 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study explored how demographic characteristics, life experiences, and firefighting exposures have an impact on cancer among female firefighters, and described the types and biologic characteristics of cancers as reported by women in the fire service. Methods The online survey was available from June 2019 to July 2020. Questions related to demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, firefighting exposures, and cancer diagnoses. Descriptive analyses characterized variables by the presence or absence of cancer. Qualitative data provided insight into both firefighting and cancer experiences among women. Results There were 1,344 female firefighter respondents from 12 different countries, 256 of whom provided information on their cancer diagnosis. North American respondents made up 92% of the total. Those with cancer were older, had been in the fire service longer, had more career fires and toxic exposures, and were less likely to still be in active service. They also reported more tobacco use, and more full-term pregnancies. There were no differences in family history of cancer between the two groups. The average age at diagnosis was 39.0 years. The major types of cancer reported included breast (25.4%), cervical (21.1%), melanoma (20.7%), base cell/skin (16.4%), and uterine (14.8%). The cancer was detected when seeking medical attention for symptoms (42.1%), during routine health screening (29.8%), and during specific cancer screening (28.1%). The stage of cancer was reported by 44.5%, and 30.9% included the histopathological grade. Treatments included surgery (72.7%), chemotherapy (14.8%), radiotherapy (13.7%), and observation (13.7%). Challenges associated with cancer included psychosocial (33.2%), financial (18.8%), physical (6.6%), and spiritual (6.3%). Concerns about reporting a cancer experience to their employer included the desire to keep health information private (11.3%), a feeling of vulnerability (7.4%), and being perceived as weak (7.0%). Lack of support from their employer or insurer was also noted. Conclusion Female firefighters experienced a wide variety of different types of cancers which may come earlier than similar cancers in the public. These findings can help inform resource allocation, the development of new policies, and the need for broader presumptive coverage to support female firefighters diagnosed with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kate Turcotte,
| | - Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanat Purewal
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alyssa Wellar
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shazya Karmali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Len Garis
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Culture, Media, and Society, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rajabali F, Turcotte K, Zheng A, Purssell R, Buxton JA, Pike I. The impact of poisoning in British Columbia: a cost analysis. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E160-E168. [PMID: 36787989 PMCID: PMC9933990 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poisoning, from substances such as illicit drugs, prescribed and over-the-counter medications, alcohol, pesticides, gases and household cleaners, is the leading cause of injury-related death and the second leading cause for injury-related hospital admission in British Columbia. We examined the health and economic costs of poisoning in BC for 2016, using a societal perspective, to support public health policies aimed at minimizing losses to society. METHODS Costs by intent, sex and age group were calculated in Canadian dollars using a classification and costing framework based on existing provincial injury data combined with data from the published literature. Direct cost components included fatal poisonings, hospital admissions, emergency department visits, ambulance attendance without transfer to hospital and calls to the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre (BC DPIC) not resulting in ambulance attendance, emergency care or transfer to hospital. Indirect costs, measured as loss of earnings and informal caregiving costs, were also calculated. RESULTS We estimate that poisonings in BC totalled $812.5 million in 2016 with $108.9 million in direct health care costs and $703.6 million in indirect costs. Unintentional poisoning injuries accounted for 84% of total costs, 46% of direct costs and 89% of indirect costs. Males accounted for higher proportions of direct costs for all patient dispositions except hospital admissions. Patients aged 25-64 years accounted for higher proportions of direct costs except for calls to BC DPIC, where proportions were highest for children younger than 15 years. INTERPRETATION Hospital care expenditures represented the largest direct cost of poisoning, and lost productivity following death represented the largest indirect cost. Quantifying and understanding the financial burden of poisoning has implications not only for government and health care, but also for society, employers, patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Roy Purssell
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jane A Buxton
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit (Rajabali, Turcotte, Zheng, Pike), BC Children's Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine (Purssell), University of British Columbia; BC Drug and Poison Information Centre (Purssell, Buxton); School of Population and Public Health (Buxton), University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics (Pike), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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19
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Zheng A, Bharmal A, Rajabali F, Turcotte K, Thomas L, Garis L, Pike I. Risk of non-medical drug overdose following prescription of opioids post-injury: A retrospective cohort study. Health Rep 2022; 33:3-12. [PMID: 35862068 DOI: 10.25318/82-003-x202200700001-eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing scrutiny of opioid prescribing following injury because of concerns that prescribed opioids may contribute to addiction and overdose. This study aimed to better understand the relationship between injury, opioids prescribed before and after injury, and non-medical drug poisoning. DATA AND METHODS Working age (15 to 65 years old) residents of British Columbia's Fraser Health region with an injury that involved an emergency department visit were included. Factors examined included the prescription of opioid and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) medications before and after injury, age, sex, work-related injuries, and socioeconomic status, as well as how they were associated with non-medical drug poisoning risk and post-injury prescriptions. RESULTS Opioid-naive individuals (those without an opioid prescription captured before their injury) who were prescribed OAT medication-a marker of opioid use disorder-following their injury had a higher risk of subsequent non-medical drug poisoning (Hazard ratio (HR): 21.4 to 22.4 compared with opioid-naive individuals without an opioid or OAT prescription). Post-injury opioid prescription in these individuals increased poisoning risk (HR: 1.27 compared with those without a prescription). Being of male sex (HR: 1.80), being younger (HR: 0.76 for every 10-year increase in age) and living in the lowest-income neighbourhoods (HR: 1.44 compared with the middle quintile) increased poisoning risk. Compared with injuries sustained outside of work, work-related injuries reduced risk (HR: 0.62). INTERPRETATION Among a cohort of British Columbians visiting emergency departments following an injury, opioid prescribing in patients who were opioid-naive appears to be a minor contributor to non-medical drug poisoning, particularly when compared with other patient factors, such as being male, being younger and having a low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Aamir Bharmal
- Office of the Medical Health Officer, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia
- chool of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | - Len Garis
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- School of Culture, Media and Society, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
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20
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Pawer S, Turcotte K, Desapriya E, Zheng A, Purewal A, Wellar A, Kunz K, Garis L, Thomas LS, Pike I. Female Firefighter Work-Related Injuries in the United States and Canada: An Overview of Survey Responses. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861762. [PMID: 35615035 PMCID: PMC9124893 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study explored how demographic characteristics, life experiences, and firefighting experiences have an impact on work-related injuries among female firefighters, and described events surrounding such work-related injuries. Methods This online survey was available from June 2019 to July 2020. Questions related to demographic characteristics, life experiences, firefighting experiences, and work-related injuries. Descriptive analyses characterized variables by the presence or absence of work-related injury, injury severity, job assignment, and country of residence. Results There were 1,160 active female firefighter survey respondents from the US and Canada, 64% of whom reported having at least one work-related injury. US respondents made up 67% of the total but 75% of the injured sample. Injured respondents were older, had been in the fire service longer, and had a greater number of fires and toxic exposures than non-injured respondents. Heavier weight, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption were more common among injured respondents. The two most common contributing factors to work-related injuries were human error and firefighter fatigue. Among respondents who reported an injury-related time loss claim, 69% were wearing protective equipment when injured, and 9% of the injuries directly resulted in new policy implementation. Conclusions These findings can help inform resource allocation, and development of new policies and safety protocols, to reduce the number of work-related injuries among female firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Samantha Pawer
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ediriweera Desapriya
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanat Purewal
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alyssa Wellar
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kunz
- Independent Medical Oncologist, and Firefighter Cancer Consultant, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Len Garis
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Al-Hajj S, Desapriya E, Pawliuk C, Garis L, Pike I. Interventions for Preventing Residential Fires in Vulnerable Neighbourhoods and Indigenous Communities: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095434. [PMID: 35564830 PMCID: PMC9100970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Globally, residential fires constitute a substantial public health problem, causing major fire-related injury morbidity and mortality. This review examined the literature on residential fire prevention interventions relevant to Indigenous communities and assessed their effectiveness on mitigating fire incidents and their associated human and economic burden. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science Core Collection were reviewed for studies on fire prevention interventions published after 1990 and based on the 4E’s of injury prevention approaches (Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Engagement). The grey literature and sources including indigenous organizational websites were also searched for eligible studies. Two authors independently screened, selected, and extracted data, in consultation with experts in the field. Outcomes measured included enhanced safety knowledge and practices, decreased residential fires incidents, reduced fire-related injuries and deaths, and lowered costs for healthcare needs. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and assessing full texts, 81 articles were included in this review. Of the included studies, 29.1% implemented educational interventions within a variety of settings, including schools, community centres and homes, and included healthcare professionals and firefighters to raise awareness and the acquisition of fire safety skills. Engineering and environmental modifications were adopted in 20.2% of the studies with increased smoke alarm installations being the leading effective intervention followed by sprinkler inspections. Moreover, engagement of household members in hands-on safety training proved to be effective in enhancing household knowledge, fire safety decisions and practices. More importantly, effective outcomes were obtained when multi-faceted fire safety interventions were adopted, e.g., environmental modification and educational interventions, which together markedly reduced fire incidents and associated injuries. This review reveals the dearth of fire prevention evidence gathered directly within Indigenous communities. Nonetheless, relevant fire prevention recommendations can be made, calling for the adoption of combined and context-sensitive fire prevention interventions tailored to targeted Indigenous and vulnerable communities through multiple approaches and measures. Follow-ups and longitudinal studies are critical for accurate evaluation of the long-term outcomes and impacts on preventing residential fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (E.D.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ediriweera Desapriya
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (E.D.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Colleen Pawliuk
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (E.D.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Len Garis
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (E.D.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (I.P.)
- School of Culture, Media and Society, The University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (E.D.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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22
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Moore L, Freire G, Ben Abdeljelil A, Berube M, Tardif PA, Gnanvi E, Stelfox HT, Beaudin M, Carsen S, Stang A, Beno S, Weiss M, Labrosse M, Zemek R, Gagnon IJ, Beaulieu E, Berthelot S, Klassen T, Turgeon AF, Lauzier F, Pike I, Macpherson A, Gabbe BJ, Yanchar N. Clinical practice guideline recommendations for pediatric injury care: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060054. [PMID: 35477878 PMCID: PMC9047816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests the presence of deficiencies in the quality of care provided to up to half of all paediatric trauma patients in Canada, the USA and Australia. Lack of adherence to evidence-based recommendations may be driven by lack of knowledge of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), heterogeneity in recommendations or concerns about their quality. We aim to systematically review CPG recommendations for paediatric injury care and appraise their quality. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will identify CPG recommendations through a comprehensive search strategy including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials and websites of organisations publishing recommendations on paediatric injury care. We will consider CPGs including at least one recommendation targeting paediatric injury populations on any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention from the acute phase of care with any comparator developed in high-income countries in the last 15 years (January 2007 to a maximum of 6 months prior to submission). Pairs of reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full text of eligible articles, extract data and evaluate the quality of CPGs and their recommendations using Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and AGREE Recommendations Excellence instruments, respectively. We will synthesise evidence on recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence-to-Decision framework and present results within a recommendations matrix. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not a requirement as this study is based on available published data. The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at international scientific meetings and distributed to healthcare providers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021226934).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Moore
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Freire
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anis Ben Abdeljelil
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Melanie Berube
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pier-Alexandre Tardif
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Eunice Gnanvi
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry Thomas Stelfox
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marianne Beaudin
- Sainte-Justine Hospital, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sasha Carsen
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonia Stang
- Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne Beno
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Weiss
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Transplant Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Melanie Labrosse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Gagnon
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Beaulieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Berthelot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Terry Klassen
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Belinda J Gabbe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Yanchar
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Mattu AT, Ghali B, Linton V, Zheng A, Pike I. Prevention of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Youth Female Athletes: An Umbrella Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084648. [PMID: 35457516 PMCID: PMC9027388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for a large percentage of knee injuries, disproportionately affecting female athletes. To help health professionals stay current, we performed an umbrella review to evaluate the effectiveness of ACL injury prevention programs in reducing non-contact ACL injury rates, determine the effective components within interventions, and provide clinical recommendations. Twelve databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PEDro, Web of Science Core Collection, Epistemonikos, TRIP, BC Guidelines and Protocols, CPG Infobase, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were searched in May 2021 to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Four databases were searched again in September 2021 to identify recent primary literature. Non-contact ACL injury data were extracted to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and these were combined using an inverse variance random-effects model. A qualitative assessment of included reviews was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) or Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Sixteen reviews and two primary studies met the inclusion criteria. Across 11 primary studies, prevention programs were effective in reducing non-contact ACL injuries by 64% (IRR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18–0.70)). A multi-faceted exercise program, beginning in the pre-season and containing at least three exercise types, may be beneficial in reducing ACL injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol T. Mattu
- MD Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Brianna Ghali
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Vanessa Linton
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (V.L.); (A.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (V.L.); (A.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (V.L.); (A.Z.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Bauer MEE, Pike I. Development of a child-centred community-based participatory research approach to injury prevention. Inj Prev 2022; 28:472-475. [PMID: 35301230 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to injury prevention are conducted so as to foster inclusiveness and collaboration in research processes and settings. Despite the benefits of using CBPR approaches to represent voices in research that are typically marginalised, they are overwhelmingly used in collaborations with youth and adults. Developing a child-centred CBPR approach can serve the important purpose of fostering awareness for children's voices and needs in injury prevention, and can help future researchers engage communities of children in a genuine and respectful way. PURPOSE To develop a four-staged model of a child-centred CBPR approach to injury prevention and outline the development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Pike
- Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Oakey M, Evans DC, Copley TT, Karbakhsh M, Samarakkody D, Brubacher JR, Pawer S, Zheng A, Rajabali F, Fyfe M, Pike I. Development of Policy-Relevant Indicators for Injury Prevention in British Columbia by the Key Decision-Makers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182211837. [PMID: 34831591 PMCID: PMC8621597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indicators can help decision-makers evaluate interventions in a complex, multi-sectoral injury system. We aimed to create indicators for road safety, seniors falls, and ‘all-injuries’ to inform and evaluate injury prevention initiatives in British Columbia, Canada. The indicator development process involved a five-stage mixed methodology approach, including an environmental scan of existing indicators, generating expert consensus, selection of decision-makers and conducting a survey, selection of final indicators, and specification of indicators. An Indicator Reference Group (IRG) reviewed the list of indicators retrieved in the environmental scan and selected candidate indicators through expert consensus based on importance, modifiability, acceptance, and practicality. Key decision-makers (n = 561) were invited to rank each indicator in terms of importance and actionability (online survey). The IRG applied inclusion criteria and thresholds to survey responses from decision-makers, which resulted in the selection of 47 road safety, 18 seniors falls, and 33 all-injury indicators. After grouping “like” indicators, a final list of 23 road safety, 8 seniors falls, and 13 all-injury indicators were specified. By considering both decision-maker ranking and expert opinion, we anticipate improved injury system performance through advocacy, accountability, and evidence-based resource allocation in priority areas. Our indicators will inform a data management framework for whole-system reporting to drive policy and funding for provincial injury prevention improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Oakey
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - David C. Evans
- Trauma Services BC, 1770 West 7th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Tobin T. Copley
- Fraser Health Authority, 13450 102 Ave., Surrey, BC V3T 5X3, Canada;
| | - Mojgan Karbakhsh
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Diana Samarakkody
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Jeff R. Brubacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Murray Fyfe
- Vancouver Island Coastal Health Authority, 430-1900 Richmond Ave., Victoria, BC V8R 4R2, Canada;
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.P.); (A.Z.); (F.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Al-Hajj S, Chahrour MA, Nasrallah AA, Hamed L, Pike I. Physical trauma and injury: A multi-center study comparing local residents and refugees in Lebanon. J Glob Health 2021; 11:17001. [PMID: 34737871 PMCID: PMC8542374 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refugees are susceptible to various types of injury mechanisms associated with their dire living conditions and settlements. This study aims to compare and characterize the emergency department admissions due to physical trauma and injuries among local residents and refugees in greater Beirut. Methods This epidemiological study analyzes injury incidence and characteristics of patients presenting to Emergency Departments of 5 sentinel hospitals between 2017 and 2019. Using the WHO Injury Surveillance Guidelines and Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study form, an injury data surveillance form was designed and used in hospital settings to collect data on injuries. Chi-square test analysis was performed to compare differences in injury characteristics between local residents and refugees. Regression models were constructed to assess the effect of being a refugee on the characteristics of injuries and outcomes of interest. Results A total of 4847 injuries (3933 local residents and 914 refugees) were reported. 87.4% of the total injuries among refugees were sustained by the younger age groups 0-45 years compared to 68.8% among local residents. The most prevalent injury mechanism was fall (39.4%) for locals and road traffic injury (31.5%) for refugees. The most injured body part was extremities for both populations (78.2% and 80.1%). Injuries mostly occurred at home or its vicinity (garden or inside the camp) for both populations (29.3% and 23.1%). Refugees sustained a higher proportion of injuries at work (6%) compared to locals (1.3%). On multivariate analysis, refugee status was associated with higher odds of having an injury due to a stab/gunshot (odds ratio (OR) = 3.392, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.605-4.416), having a concussion injury (OR = 1.718, 95% CI = 1.151-2.565), and being injured at work (OR = 4.147, 95% CI = 2.74-6.278). Refugee status was associated with increased odds of leaving the hospital with injury-related disability (OR = 2.271, 95% CI = 1.891-2.728)] Conclusions Injury remains a major public health problem among resident and refugee communities in Beirut, Lebanon. Refugees face several injury-related vulnerabilities, which adversely affect their treatment outcomes and long-term disabilities. The high prevalence of occupational and violence-related injuries among refugees necessitates the introduction of targeted occupational safety and financial security interventions, aiming at reducing injuries while enhancing social justice among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Health Management and Policy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad A Chahrour
- Health Management and Policy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali A Nasrallah
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Hamed
- Health Management and Policy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia. BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Panitz V, Končarević S, Sadik A, Friedel D, Bausbacher T, Trump S, Farztdinov V, Schulz S, Sievers P, Schmidt S, Jürgenson I, Jung S, Kuhn K, Pflüger I, Sharma S, Wick A, Pfänder P, Selzer S, Vollmuth P, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Heiland I, Hopf C, Schulz-Knappe P, Pike I, Platten M, Wick W, Opitz CA. Tryptophan metabolism is inversely regulated in the tumor and blood of patients with glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9217-9233. [PMID: 34646367 PMCID: PMC8490504 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp)-catabolic enzymes (TCEs) produce metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and promote tumor progression and immunosuppression in glioblastoma. As therapies targeting TCEs or AHR become available, a better understanding of Trp metabolism is required. Methods: The combination of LC-MS/MS with chemical isobaric labeling enabled the simultaneous quantitative comparison of Trp and its amino group-bearing metabolites in multiple samples. We applied this method to the sera of a cohort of 43 recurrent glioblastoma patients and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Tumor volumes were measured in MRI data using an artificial neural network-based approach. MALDI MSI visualized Trp and its direct metabolite N-formylkynurenine (FK) in glioblastoma tissue. Analysis of scRNA-seq data was used to detect the presence of Trp metabolism and AHR activity in different cell types in glioblastoma. Results: Compared to healthy controls, glioblastoma patients showed decreased serum Trp levels. Surprisingly, the levels of Trp metabolites were also reduced. The decrease became smaller with more enzymatic steps between Trp and its metabolites, suggesting that Trp availability controls the levels of its systemic metabolites. High tumor volume associated with low systemic metabolite levels and low systemic kynurenine levels associated with worse overall survival. MALDI MSI demonstrated heterogeneity of Trp catabolism across glioblastoma tissues. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that genes involved in Trp metabolism were expressed in almost all the cell types in glioblastoma and that most cell types, in particular macrophages and T cells, exhibited AHR activation. Moreover, high AHR activity associated with reduced overall survival in the glioblastoma TCGA dataset. Conclusion: The novel techniques we developed could support the identification of patients that may benefit from therapies targeting TCEs or AHR activation.
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Eysert F, Coulon A, Boscher E, Vreulx AC, Flaig A, Mendes T, Hughes S, Grenier-Boley B, Hanoulle X, Demiautte F, Bauer C, Marttinen M, Takalo M, Amouyel P, Desai S, Pike I, Hiltunen M, Chécler F, Farinelli M, Delay C, Malmanche N, Hébert SS, Dumont J, Kilinc D, Lambert JC, Chapuis J. Alzheimer's genetic risk factor FERMT2 (Kindlin-2) controls axonal growth and synaptic plasticity in an APP-dependent manner. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5592-5607. [PMID: 33144711 PMCID: PMC8758496 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although APP metabolism is being intensively investigated, a large fraction of its modulators is yet to be characterized. In this context, we combined two genome-wide high-content screenings to assess the functional impact of miRNAs and genes on APP metabolism and the signaling pathways involved. This approach highlighted the involvement of FERMT2 (or Kindlin-2), a genetic risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a potential key modulator of axon guidance, a neuronal process that depends on the regulation of APP metabolism. We found that FERMT2 directly interacts with APP to modulate its metabolism, and that FERMT2 underexpression impacts axonal growth, synaptic connectivity, and long-term potentiation in an APP-dependent manner. Last, the rs7143400-T allele, which is associated with an increased AD risk and localized within the 3'UTR of FERMT2, induced a downregulation of FERMT2 expression through binding of miR-4504 among others. This miRNA is mainly expressed in neurons and significantly overexpressed in AD brains compared to controls. Altogether, our data provide strong evidence for a detrimental effect of FERMT2 underexpression in neurons and insight into how this may influence AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Eysert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Audrey Coulon
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anaїs-Camille Vreulx
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc de Sophia Antipolis, 2400 route des Colles, Biot, 06410, France
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-Labex DISTALZ, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Charlotte Bauer
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IPMC, DistAlz Laboratory of Excellence, Valbonne, France
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Shruti Desai
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frédéric Chécler
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IPMC, DistAlz Laboratory of Excellence, Valbonne, France
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc de Sophia Antipolis, 2400 route des Colles, Biot, 06410, France
| | - Charlotte Delay
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Dumont
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France.
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Pawer S, Rajabali F, Zheng A, Pike I, Purssell R, Zargaran A, Babul S. Socioeconomic factors and substances involved in poisoning-related emergency department visits in British Columbia, Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:211-221. [PMID: 34427419 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.7/8.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canada's opioid crisis has taken thousands of lives, increasing awareness of poisoning-related injuries as an important public health issue. However, in British Columbia (BC), where overdose mortality rates are the highest in Canada, studies have not yet identified which demographic populations most often visit emergency departments (ED) due to all poisonings, nor which substances are most commonly involved. The aim of this study was to explore these gaps, after developing a methodology for calculating ED visit rates in BC. METHODS Poisoning-related ED visit rates during fiscal years 2012/13 to 2016/17, inclusive, were calculated by sex, age group, poisoning substance and socioeconomic status, using a novel methodology developed in this study. ED data were sourced from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and population data from Statistics Canada's 2016 (or 2011) census profiles. RESULTS During the study period, there were an estimated 81 463 poisoning-related ED visits (351.2 per 100 000 population). Infants, toddlers, youth and those aged 20-64 years had elevated risks of poisoning-related ED visits. Rates were highest among those in neighbourhoods with the greatest material (607.8 per 100 000 population) or social (484.2 per 100 000 population) deprivation. Over time, narcotics and psychodysleptics became increasingly common poisoning agents, while alcohol remained problematic. CONCLUSION A methodology for estimating ED visit rates in BC was developed and applied to determine poisoning-related ED visit rates among various demographic groups within BC. British Columbians most vulnerable to poisoning have been identified, emphasizing the need for efforts to limit drug overdoses and excessive alcohol intoxication to reduce rates of these preventable injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roy Purssell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Drug and Poison Information Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Atousa Zargaran
- Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Adiutori R, Puentes F, Bremang M, Lombardi V, Zubiri I, Leoni E, Aarum J, Sheer D, McArthur S, Pike I, Malaspina A. Analysis of circulating protein aggregates as a route of investigation into neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab148. [PMID: 34396108 PMCID: PMC8361415 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma proteome composition reflects the inflammatory and metabolic state of the organism and can be predictive of system-level and organ-specific pathologies. Circulating protein aggregates are enriched with neurofilament heavy chain-axonal proteins involved in brain aggregate formation and recently identified as biomarkers of the fatal neuromuscular disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using unbiased proteomic methods, we have fully characterized the content in neuronal proteins of circulating protein aggregates from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and healthy controls, with reference to brain protein aggregate composition. We also investigated circulating protein aggregate protein aggregation propensity, stability to proteolytic digestion and toxicity for neuronal and endothelial cell lines. Circulating protein aggregates separated by ultracentrifugation are visible as electron-dense macromolecular particles appearing as either large globular or as small filamentous formations. Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that circulating protein aggregates obtained from patients are enriched with proteins involved in the proteasome system, possibly reflecting the underlying basis of dysregulated proteostasis seen in the disease, while those from healthy controls show enrichment of proteins involved in metabolism. Compared to the whole human proteome, proteins within circulating protein aggregates and brain aggregates show distinct chemical features of aggregation propensity, which appear dependent on the tissue or fluid of origin and not on the health status. Neurofilaments' two high-mass isoforms (460 and 268 kDa) showed a strong differential expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared to healthy control circulating protein aggregates, while aggregated neurofilament heavy chain was also partially resistant to enterokinase proteolysis in patients, demonstrated by immunoreactive bands at 171 and 31 kDa fragments not seen in digested healthy controls samples. Unbiased proteomics revealed that a total of 4973 proteins were commonly detected in circulating protein aggregates and brain, including 24 expressed from genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interestingly, 285 circulating protein aggregate proteins (5.7%) were regulated (P < 0.05) and are present in biochemical pathways linked to disease pathogenesis and protein aggregation. Biologically, circulating protein aggregates from both patients and healthy controls had a more pronounced effect on the viability of hCMEC/D3 endothelial and PC12 neuronal cells compared to immunoglobulins extracted from the same plasma samples. Furthermore, circulating protein aggregates from patients exerted a more toxic effect than healthy control circulating protein aggregates on both cell lines at lower concentrations (P: 0.03, in both cases). This study demonstrates that circulating protein aggregates are significantly enriched with brain proteins which are representative of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology and a potential source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this incurable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Adiutori
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Michael Bremang
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Vittoria Lombardi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Irene Zubiri
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Emanuela Leoni
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Johan Aarum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Denise Sheer
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Leadbeater B, Contreras A, Rajabali F, Zheng A, Beaulieu E, Pike I. Longitudinal cohort study of injury type, settings, treatment and costs in British Columbia youth, 2003-2013. Inj Prev 2021; 28:110-116. [PMID: 34244327 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010 in British Columbia (BC), Canada, total injury costs per capita were higher among youth aged 15-24 years than in any other age group. Injury prevention efforts have targeted injuries with high mortality (transportation injuries) or morbidity (concussions). However, the profile and health costs of common youth injuries (types, locations, treatment choices and prevention strategies) and how these change from adolescence to young adulthood is not known. METHODS Participants (n=662) were a randomly recruited cohort of BC youth, aged 12-18, in 2003. They were followed biennially across a decade (six assessments). RESULTS Serious injuries (defined as serious enough to limit normal daily activities) in the last year were reported by 27%-41% of participants at each assessment. Most common injuries were sprains or strains, broken bones, cuts, punctures or animal bites, and severe bruises. Most occurred when playing a sport or from falling. Estimated total direct cost of treatment per injury was approximately $2500. In addition, 25% experienced serious injuries at three or more assessments, indicating possible differences that warrents further investigation. CONCLUSIONS The occurence and health cost of common injuries to youth and young adults are underestimated in this study but are nevertheless substantial. Ongoing surveillence, awareness raising, and prevention efforts may be needed to reduce these costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Leadbeater
- Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emilie Beaulieu
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pawer S, Rajabali F, Zheng A, Smith J, Purssell R, Pike I. Analyses of Child and Youth Self-Poisoning Hospitalizations by Substance and Socioeconomic Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18137003. [PMID: 34208955 PMCID: PMC8297021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Child and youth self-poisoning is a growing public health issue in many regions of the world, including British Columbia (BC), Canada, where 15–19-year-olds have the highest rates of self-poisoning hospitalizations compared with those of all other ages. The purpose of this study was to identify what substances children and youth commonly used to poison themselves in BC and how socioeconomic status may impact self-poisoning risk. Self-poisoning hospitalization rates among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2020 were calculated by substance using ICD-10-CA codes X60-X69 and T36-T65, as well as by socioeconomic status using the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec’s Deprivation Index. Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics, and antirheumatics were the most common substances involved, with rates of 27.6 and 74.3 per 100,000 population among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds, respectively, followed by antiepileptic, sedative–hypnotic, antiparkinsonism, and psychotropic drugs, with rates of 20.2 and 68.1 per 100,000 population among 10–14 and 15–19-year-olds, respectively. In terms of socioeconomic status, rates were highest among 10–19-year-olds living in neighbourhoods with the fewest social connections (243.7 per 100,000 population). These findings can inform poisoning prevention strategies and relevant policies, thereby reducing the number of self-poisoning events among children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.P.); (A.Z.); (J.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.P.); (A.Z.); (J.S.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-3572
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.P.); (A.Z.); (J.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.P.); (A.Z.); (J.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Roy Purssell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
- British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre, BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.P.); (A.Z.); (J.S.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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33
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Al-Hajj S, Pawliuk C, Smith J, Zheng A, Pike I. History of injury in a developing country: a scoping review of injury literature in Lebanon. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e24-e44. [PMID: 32323720 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon, an Eastern Mediterranean country, suffers a large burden of injury as a consequence of conflict and war, political instability, and the lack of policies and safety regulations. This article aims to systematically map and comprehensively describe the injury research literature in Lebanon and, to identify gaps for future research. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Eric and SafetyLit, and the grey literature, including conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, government and media reports, were searched without any date or language limits. Data were extracted from 467 documents using REDCap. RESULTS War-related injuries were the most prevalent type of injury in Lebanon, followed by homicide and other forms of violence. While existing literature targeted vulnerable and at-risk populations, the vast majority focused solely on reporting the prevalence of injuries and associated risk factors. There are considerable gaps in the literature dealing with the integration of preventive programs and interventions across all populations. CONCLUSIONS Lebanon, historically and currently, experiences a high number of injuries from many different external causes. To date, efforts have focused on reporting the prevalence of injuries and making recommendations, rather than implementing and evaluating interventions and programs to inform policies. Future injury related work should prioritize interventions and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Health Management and Policy Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Colleen Pawliuk
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada.,BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4, Canada
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Smith J, Clemens T, Macpherson A, Pike I. Public Response on Social Media to a Social Marketing Campaign for Influencing Attitudes towards Boating Safety. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18126504. [PMID: 34208734 PMCID: PMC8296422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to assess the response on Facebook to a social marketing campaign for recreational boating safety. The campaign ran for the 2018 and 2019 boating seasons in British Columbia, Canada. Messages related to boating safety were delivered in multi-media formats, including ten Facebook posts. All public comments on the campaign Facebook page in response to the ads were included in the analysis. Comments were reviewed for tone and subject; those that related directly to the campaign or boating safety-related topics, such as alcohol use or enforcement, were labeled positive, negative or neutral in tone. Metrics such as likes and shares were also noted. The overall engagement rate (defined as engagements over people reached) was 4.1%. The posts were liked >7000 times and received 901 shares. A total of 219 comments were analysed. Almost half of the comments were positive (n = 106, 48.4%). Fifty comments were off-topic (22.8%), 45 were neutral (20.5%) and 18 were negative (8.2%). The majority of comments were positive, indicating that the campaign performed as planned and was generally well received by the people for whom it was intended. Comments illuminated prevailing attitudes towards risks, injuries and safety practices related to recreational boating. Positive comments valued safety as an aspect of having a pleasant experience, rather than a barrier. Negative comments were about perceiving reduced fun of boating, rather than objecting to the campaign itself. As a component of a multi-media social marketing strategy, Facebook can be a source of instant feedback from the campaign audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tessa Clemens
- Drowning Prevention Research Centre, Toronto, ON M2J 1P8, Canada;
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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35
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Beaulieu E, Zheng A, Rajabali F, MacDougall F, Pike I. The Economics of Burn Injuries Among Children Aged 0 to 4 Years in British Columbia. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:499-504. [PMID: 33136145 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Children under the age of 5 years have the highest rate of hospitalization and mortality from burns. Studies of costs associated with pediatric burns have included a limited number of patients and focused on inpatient and complication costs, limiting our understanding of the full economic burden of pediatric burns. This study aimed to develop a costing model for burn injuries among children to estimate the economic burden of child burns in British Columbia, Canada. Costs of services and resources used by children aged 0 to 4 years old who were treated at BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) between January 1, 2014 and March 15, 2018 for a burn injury were estimated and summed, using a micro-costing approach. The average cost of burn injuries per percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) was then applied to the number of 0 to 4 years old children treated for a burn injury across British Columbia between January 1 and December 31, 2016. Based on 342 included children, a 1-5%, 6-10%, 11-20%, and >20% burn, respectively cost an average of $3338.80, $13,460.00, $20,228.80, and $109,881.00 to society. The societal cost of child burns in BC in 2016 totaled $2,711,255.01. In conclusion, pediatric burn injuries place an important, yet preventable economic burden on society. Preventing even a small number of severe pediatric burns or multiple small burns may have considerable economic impacts on society and allow for the reallocation of healthcare funds toward other clinical priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Beaulieu
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Brussoni M, Han CS, Lin Y, Jacob J, Pike I, Bundy A, Faulkner G, Gardy J, Fisher B, Mâsse L. A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers' Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children's Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24861. [PMID: 33904820 PMCID: PMC8114163 DOI: 10.2196/24861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers', are a major deterrent to children's opportunities for outdoor risky play. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of an intervention to reframe mothers' perceptions of risk and change parenting behaviors: a web-based intervention or an in-person workshop, compared with the control condition. METHODS The Go Play Outside! randomized controlled trial was conducted in Canada from 2017 to 2018. Participants were recruited through social media, snowball sampling, and community notices. Mothers of children aged 6-12 years were self-assessed through eligibility questions, and those eligible and consented to participate in the study were randomized into a fully automated web-based intervention, the in-person workshop, or the control condition. The intervention was underpinned by social cognitive theory, incorporating behavior change techniques. Participants progressed through a series of self-reflection exercises and developed a goal for change. Control participants received the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. The primary outcome was increase in tolerance of risky play and the secondary outcome was goal attainment. Data were collected online via REDCap at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after the intervention. Randomization was conducted using sealed envelope. Allocations were concealed to researchers at assignment and data analysis. We conducted mediation analyses to examine whether the intervention influenced elements of social cognitive theory, as hypothesized. RESULTS A total of 451 mothers were randomized and completed baseline sociodemographic assessments: 150 in the web-based intervention, 153 in the in-person workshop, and 148 in the control condition. Among these, a total of 351 mothers completed the intervention. At 1 week after the intervention, 113, 85, and 135 mothers completed assessments for each condition, respectively, and at 3 months after the intervention, 105, 84, and 123 completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with mothers in the control condition, mothers in the web-based intervention had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week (P=.004) and 3 months after the intervention (P=.007); and mothers in the in-person workshop had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week after the intervention (P=.02). No other significant outcomes were found. None of the potential mediators were found to significantly mediate the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The trial demonstrates that the web-based intervention was effective in increasing mothers' tolerance for risk in play. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03374683; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03374683. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2552-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina S Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yingyi Lin
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Bundy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Occupational Theory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gardy
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian Fisher
- School of Interactive Arts & Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Mâsse
- School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Li J, Cai Z, Bomgarden RD, Pike I, Kuhn K, Rogers JC, Roberts TM, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. TMTpro-18plex: The Expanded and Complete Set of TMTpro Reagents for Sample Multiplexing. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2964-2972. [PMID: 33900084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of the TMTpro-16plex series expanded the breadth of commercial isobaric tagging reagents by nearly 50% over classic TMT-11plex. In addition to the described 16plex reagents, the proline-based TMTpro molecule can accommodate two additional combinations of heavy carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Here, we introduce the final two labeling reagents, TMTpro-134C and TMTpro-135N, which permit the simultaneous global protein profiling of 18 samples with essentially no missing values. For example, six conditions with three biological replicates can now be perfectly accommodated. We showcase the 18plex reagent set by profiling the proteome and phosphoproteome of a pair of isogenic mammary epithelial cell lines under three conditions in triplicate. We compare the depth and quantitative performance of this data set with a TMTpro-16plex experiment in which two samples were omitted. Our analysis revealed similar numbers of quantified peptides and proteins, with high quantitative correlation. We interrogated further the TMTpro-18plex data set by highlighting changes in protein abundance profiles under different conditions in the isogenic cell lines. We conclude that TMTpro-18plex further expands the sample multiplexing landscape, allowing for complex and innovative experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhenying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02215, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ryan D Bomgarden
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford 61101-9316, Illinois, United States
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences, London WC1H 9BB, U.K
| | | | - John C Rogers
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford 61101-9316, Illinois, United States
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02215, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
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Wittrahm R, Takalo M, Marttinen M, Kuulasmaa T, Mäkinen P, Kemppainen S, Martiskainen H, Rauramaa T, Pike I, Leinonen V, Natunen T, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M. MECP2 Increases the Pro-Inflammatory Response of Microglial Cells and Phosphorylation at Serine 423 Regulates Neuronal Gene Expression upon Neuroinflammation. Cells 2021; 10:860. [PMID: 33918872 PMCID: PMC8070522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) is a critical transcriptional regulator for synaptic function. Dysfunction of synapses, as well as microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, represent the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, expression, protein levels, and activity-related phosphorylation changes of MECP2 were analyzed in post-mortem human temporal cortex. The effects of wild type and phosphorylation-deficient MECP2 variants at serine 423 (S423) or S80 on microglial and neuronal function were assessed utilizing BV2 microglial monocultures and co-cultures with mouse cortical neurons under inflammatory stress conditions. MECP2 phosphorylation at the functionally relevant S423 site nominally decreased in the early stages of AD-related neurofibrillary pathology in the human temporal cortex. Overexpression of wild type MECP2 enhanced the pro-inflammatory response in BV2 cells upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) and decreased BV2 cell phagocytic activity. The expression of the phosphorylation-deficient MECP2-S423A variant, but not S80A, further increased the pro-inflammatory response of BV2 cells. In neurons co-cultured with BV2 cells, the MECP2-S423A variant increased the expression of several genes, which are important for the maintenance and protection of neurons and synapses upon inflammatory stress. Collectively, functional analyses in different cellular models suggest that MECP2 may influence the inflammatory response in microglia independently of S423 and S80 phosphorylation, while the S423 phosphorylation might play a role in the activation of neuronal gene expression, which conveys neuroprotection under neuroinflammation-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wittrahm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Petra Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Susanna Kemppainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Henna Martiskainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, London WC1H 9BB, UK;
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
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Shepherd HA, Evans T, Gupta S, McDonough MH, Doyle-Baker P, Belton KL, Karmali S, Pawer S, Hadly G, Pike I, Adams SA, Babul S, Yeates KO, Kopala-Sibley DC, Schneider KJ, Cowle S, Fuselli P, Emery CA, Black AM. The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3515. [PMID: 33805249 PMCID: PMC8036482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 restrictions led to reduced levels of physical activity, increased screen usage, and declines in mental health in youth; however, in-depth understandings of the experiences of high school student-athletes have yet to be explored. To describe the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic on student-athletes' physical activity, social connection, and mental health, 20 high school student-athletes living in Calgary, Alberta participated in semi-structured interviews, designed using phenomenography. Participants reported variations in physical activity, social connections, and mental health which were influenced by stay-at-home restrictions and weather. Access to resources, changes to routines, online classes, and social support all influenced engagement in physical activity. School and sports provided opportunities for in-person social connections, impacted by the onset of the pandemic. Participants reported their mental health was influenced by social connections, online classes, and physical activity. Findings from this study will inform the development of resources for high school student-athletes amidst COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Shepherd
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Taffin Evans
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Srijal Gupta
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
| | | | - Patricia Doyle-Baker
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- School of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kathy L. Belton
- Injury Prevention Centre, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Shazya Karmali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.H.); (I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Samantha Pawer
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.H.); (I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabrielle Hadly
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.H.); (I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.H.); (I.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Adams
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8QA, UK
| | - Shelina Babul
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.H.); (I.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Kathryn J. Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amanda M. Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.E.); (S.G.); (K.J.S.); (C.A.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.D.-B.); (K.O.Y.); (D.C.K.-S.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Izzo NJ, Yuede CM, LaBarbera KM, Limegrover CS, Rehak C, Yurko R, Waybright L, Look G, Rishton G, Safferstein H, Hamby ME, Williams C, Sadlek K, Edwards HM, Davis CS, Grundman M, Schneider LS, DeKosky ST, Chelsky D, Pike I, Henstridge C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, LeVine H, Spires-Jones TL, Cirrito JR, Catalano SM. Preclinical and clinical biomarker studies of CT1812: A novel approach to Alzheimer's disease modification. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1365-1382. [PMID: 33559354 PMCID: PMC8349378 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers are one of the most toxic structural forms of the Aβ protein and are hypothesized to cause synaptotoxicity and memory failure as they build up in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brain tissue. We previously demonstrated that antagonists of the sigma-2 receptor complex effectively block Aβ oligomer toxicity. CT1812 is an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant small molecule antagonist of the sigma-2 receptor complex that appears safe and well tolerated in healthy elderly volunteers. We tested CT1812's effect on Aβ oligomer pathobiology in preclinical AD models and evaluated CT1812's impact on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers in mild to moderate AD patients in a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02907567). METHODS Experiments were performed to measure the impact of CT1812 versus vehicle on Aβ oligomer binding to synapses in vitro, to human AD patient post mortem brain tissue ex vivo, and in living APPSwe /PS1dE9 transgenic mice in vivo. Additional experiments were performed to measure the impact of CT1812 versus vehicle on Aβ oligomer-induced deficits in membrane trafficking rate, synapse number, and protein expression in mature hippocampal/cortical neurons in vitro. The impact of CT1812 on cognitive function was measured in transgenic Thy1 huAPPSwe/Lnd+ and wild-type littermates. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trial was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and impact on protein biomarker expression of CT1812 or placebo given once daily for 28 days to AD patients (Mini-Mental State Examination 18-26). CSF protein expression was measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in samples drawn prior to dosing (Day 0) and at end of dosing (Day 28) and compared within each patient and between pooled treated versus placebo-treated dosing groups. RESULTS CT1812 significantly and dose-dependently displaced Aβ oligomers bound to synaptic receptors in three independent preclinical models of AD, facilitated oligomer clearance into the CSF, increased synaptic number and protein expression in neurons, and improved cognitive performance in transgenic mice. CT1812 significantly increased CSF concentrations of Aβ oligomers in AD patient CSF, reduced concentrations of synaptic proteins and phosphorylated tau fragments, and reversed expression of many AD-related proteins dysregulated in CSF. DISCUSSION These preclinical studies demonstrate the novel disease-modifying mechanism of action of CT1812 against AD and Aβ oligomers. The clinical results are consistent with preclinical data and provide evidence of target engagement and impact on fundamental disease-related signaling pathways in AD patients, supporting further development of CT1812.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Courtney Rehak
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond Yurko
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lora Waybright
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Look
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Mary E Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kelsey Sadlek
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, San Diego, California, USA.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Richmond SA, Bruin S, Black AM, Pike I, Babul S. Active & Safe Central: using a mixed-methods design and the RE-AIM framework to evaluate a sport and recreational injury prevention resource for practitioners in Canada. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039070. [PMID: 33436464 PMCID: PMC7805371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An online, evidence-based resource was created to support the development of sport and recreational injury prevention programmes. The resource, called Active & Safe Central (www.activesafe.ca), provides evidence-based information across the public health approach for a number of sport and recreational activities. The objective of this project was to evaluate the perceived usefulness of Active & Safe Central as an educational tool. DESIGN A mixed-methods study design, guided by the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance) framework, was used to evaluate Active & Safe Central. SETTING Data were collected using an online survey, available to all users of the site, and focus groups (n=2) that took place in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Survey respondents (n=87) were recruited online, including parents, coaches, youth and adult athletes, and teachers. Focus group participants (n=16) were key stakeholders and end users, recruited from academia, local health sectors, sport and recreational organisations, and not-for-profit injury prevention organisations. RESULTS Post launch, there were 1712 users visiting the website 2306 times (sessions), with the majority representing new users, over returning users (87.5% and 12.5%, respectively). There were 6340 page visits, with the most popular pages including soccer, playgrounds and ice hockey. Active & Safe Central was reported as a credible source of evidence-based sport and recreational information and that the site would be recommended to others. Information collected from focus group participants was used to inform necessary adaptations to the online platform, including critical navigation issues, visualisations and interactivity. The major themes that emerged from focus group and survey data included increased awareness of injury prevention recommendations and that the recommendations would be used in one's own sporting activity and/or practice. CONCLUSIONS The results of the evaluation suggest the tool is a useful resource for sport and recreational injury information that has significant potential to impact prevention practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Richmond
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Bruin
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Smith J, Chhina H, Sidhu P, Brussoni M, Pike I, Cooper A. Paediatric elbow fractures and public play spaces: adherence to standards for children's playground equipment and surfacing. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e001125. [PMID: 34786490 PMCID: PMC8587356 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) are the most common fractures sustained following a fall onto an outstretched hand among healthy children, and one of the leading causes of hospital admission and surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to examine SCHF occurring at public play spaces-particularly to determine whether or not the playground equipment implicated in injurious falls aligned with Canadian playground safety standards. METHODS Cases of children who attended the provincial paediatric orthopaedic clinic following SCHF at a public playground between April 2017 and October 2019 were included in the study. A research assistant visited each playground to measure the play structure type and dimensions, height of the equipment at the point from which the child fell and the type and depth of the surface material, and compare measurements to the 2016 safety standards. Child demographics and injury classification were also noted. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a scatterplot of fall height and surface depth was generated. RESULTS Forty-three sites, representing 47 SCHF cases (18 female, 29 male), were included in the final analysis. Fourteen children sustained type 1 fracture, 23 had type 2 fracture and the remaining 10 had type 3 fracture. Five children with type 2 fracture and all 10 children with type 3 fracture required surgery. The majority of sites had engineered wood fibre surfacing, with surfacing at 35 sites being less than 300 mm deep. Twenty-six play structures were upper body equipment (ie, monkey bars or similar), seven were track rides, five were rotating structures and the rest comprised a variety of classified and unclassified structures. Twenty-seven children fell from a height exceeding 2 m. CONCLUSIONS The majority of SCHF cases occurred at playgrounds with insufficient surface depth and/or non-compliant equipment. Upper body equipment, track rides and rotating play structures were of particular concern, as the children fell from heights exceeding the recommended standard, likely reflecting the degradation and compaction of the surfacing material over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harpreet Chhina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pardeep Sidhu
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony Cooper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Fang B, Izumi V, Rix LLR, Welsh E, Pike I, Reuther GW, Haura EB, Rix U, Koomen JM. Lowering Sample Requirements to Study Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Using Phosphoproteomics with the TMT Calibrator Approach. Proteomics 2020; 20:e2000116. [PMID: 32865326 PMCID: PMC7771371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of tyrosine kinase signaling is critical for the development of targeted cancer therapy. Currently, immunoprecipitation of phosphotyrosine (pY) peptides prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used to profile tyrosine kinase substrates. A typical protocol requests 10 mg of total protein from ≈108 cells or 50-100 mg of tissue. Large sample requirements can be cost prohibitive or not feasible for certain experiments. Sample multiplexing using chemical labeling reduces the protein amount required for each sample, and newer approaches use a material-rich reference channel as a calibrator to trigger detection and quantification for smaller samples. Here, it is demonstrated that the tandem mass tag (TMT) calibrator approach reduces the sample input for pY profiling tenfold (to ≈1 mg total protein per sample from 107 cells grown in one plate), while maintaining the depth of pY proteome sampling and the biological content of the experiment. Data are available through PRIDE (PXD019764 for label-free and PXD018952 for TMT). This strategy opens more opportunities for pY profiling of large sample cohorts and samples with limited protein quantity such as immune cells, xenograft models, and human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Victoria Izumi
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Eric Welsh
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences, Hamilton House, 4 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Gary W Reuther
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Lim BT, Chhina H, Pike I, Brussoni M, Cooper A. Methodological Challenges in Investigating Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus From a Child's Viewpoint: Evolution of Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e21816. [PMID: 33136061 PMCID: PMC7669438 DOI: 10.2196/21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outdoor play and risk-taking behaviors, including play at heights, are important to children’s physical, social, and cognitive development. These aspects of play are important to consider when informing prevention policies for serious injuries that commonly occur on play structures. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCH) are the most common type of elbow fractures that result from falls on an outstretched hand among healthy children. Despite being one of the leading causes of admission to the hospital and surgical intervention, the details surrounding the cause of these injuries are often not recorded. Previous research has correlated decreased overall playground safety with higher rates of SCH fractures. Play structure height and the type of undersurface have been identified as potential risk factors for severe injuries, including SCH fractures, in part due to low compliance with safety standards. This paper explores the challenges we encountered designing the study and the resulting insights and methodological modifications we made. Objective The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges related specifically to clinical research in pediatrics and strategies developed to conduct a study that prioritizes the engagement and perspective of children and their families. Methods To explore the link between the severity of SCH fractures and children’s behavioral, environmental, and mechanistic factors, we conducted a mixed-methods study. Results During phase 1 (the original methodology) from April 2017 to July 2018, there were 58 eligible study participants and 17 were recruited. For phase 2 (the revised methodology) between October 2018 and October 2019, there were 116 eligible participants and 47 were recruited. Conclusions The changes in methodology made following the first phase of data collection were effective in our ability to recruit participants. By identifying and addressing challenges pertaining to recruitment and resource limitations, we were able to collect data in a concise manner while not compromising the quality of the data and make for an easily adoptable methodology for other sites interested in participating in the study. We hope that future studies that plan to employ a similar methodology can gain insight through the methodological challenges we have encountered and the way we adapted the methodology to build a more pragmatic approach. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21816
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Tara Lim
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harpreet Chhina
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Cooper
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Leoni E, Bremang M, Mitra V, Zubiri I, Jung S, Lu CH, Adiutori R, Lombardi V, Russell C, Koncarevic S, Ward M, Pike I, Malaspina A. Author Correction: Combined Tissue-Fluid Proteomics to Unravel Phenotypic Variability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18603. [PMID: 33097756 PMCID: PMC7584588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Leoni
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bremang
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Vikram Mitra
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Irene Zubiri
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stephan Jung
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Rocco Adiutori
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Vittoria Lombardi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Claire Russell
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Sasa Koncarevic
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK.
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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Owoeye OBA, VanderWey MJ, Pike I. Reducing Injuries in Soccer (Football): an Umbrella Review of Best Evidence Across the Epidemiological Framework for Prevention. Sports Med Open 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 32955626 PMCID: PMC7505904 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Expectedly, the incidence of soccer-related injuries is high and these injuries exert a significant burden on individuals and families, including health and financial burdens, and on the socioeconomic and healthcare systems. Using established injury prevention frameworks, we present a concise synthesis of the most recent scientific evidence regarding injury rates, characteristics, mechanisms, risk and protective factors, interventions for prevention, and implementation of interventions in soccer. In this umbrella review, we elucidate the most recent available evidence gleaned primarily from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Further, we express the exigent need to move current soccer injury prevention research evidence into action for improved player outcomes and widespread impact through increased attention to dissemination and implementation research. Additionally, we highlight the importance of an enabling context and effective implementation strategies for the successful integration of evidence-based injury prevention programs into real-world soccer settings. This narrative umbrella review provides guidance to inform future research, practice, and policy towards reducing injuries among soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mitchell J VanderWey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Li J, Pang M, Smith J, Pawliuk C, Pike I. In Search of Concrete Outcomes-A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Reducing Acute Occupational Injuries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6874. [PMID: 32962274 PMCID: PMC7559358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Education is a common strategy used to prevent occupational injuries. However, its effectiveness is often measured using surrogate measures instead of true injury outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of workplace educational interventions, we selectively analyzed studies that reported injury outcomes (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019140631). We searched databases for peer-reviewed journal articles and sources of grey literature such as abstracts, registered trials, and theses published between 2000 and 2019. Studies on educational interventions that reported fatal or non-fatal occupational injury outcomes were selected. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Heterogeneity in the data precluded meta-analysis, and the results were reviewed narratively. In total, 35 studies were included. Of which, 17 found a significant reduction in injuries, most of which featured a multifaceted approach or non-didactic education. The remaining studies either described equivocal results or did not report statistical significance. Overall, interventions in the manufacturing industry were more effective than those in the construction sector. Risk of bias among included studies was moderate to high. In conclusion, educational interventions could be an effective part of multifaceted injury prevention programs. However, over-reliance on didactic education alone is not advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Li
- MD Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (J.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Max Pang
- MD Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (J.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Colleen Pawliuk
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; (J.S.); (I.P.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Richmond SA, Pike I, Maguire JL, Macpherson A. E-cigarettes: A new hazard for children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2020; 25:317-321. [PMID: 32765168 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Electronic cigarettes and fluid (e-cigarettes, e-fluid) are hazardous materials that when inhaled or ingested may pose significant health risks to children and adolescents. The objective of this work was to explore the spectrum of injury related to e-cigarette exposure among Canadian children and adolescents. Methods A one-time survey was sent to all paediatricians in Canada. Information was collected on children and adolescents who presented with e-cigarette exposure (inhalation and ingestion cases) in the previous 12 months. Questions included the number of injuries and symptoms, in addition to age, sex, treatment setting, intentional e-cigarette use, and how the products were accessed. Results A total of 520 surveys were completed and returned, identifying 35 cases. Symptoms related to inhalation were present in 30 cases and in 5 ingestion cases (5 unintentional, 0 intentional). For inhalation cases, most were male, ages 15 to 19 years, who sought treatment for nausea/vomiting, cough, throat irritation, or acute nicotine toxicity in an outpatient clinic/office. Most inhalation cases reported e-cigarette use 2 to 3 days/week, and e-cigarettes purchases from a mall kiosk/store. For ingestion cases, most were male, ages 1 to 4 years presenting to an emergency department with nausea/vomiting, cough, or respiratory irritation. Younger cases accessed e-fluid at home, older cases purchased in a mall kiosk/store. E-fluid flavours reported consumed were fruit, candy, and tobacco. Conclusions E-cigarettes, recently introduced into the North American market are hazardous to children and adolescents. Given the low response rate to the survey, further investigation into the true burden of injury, as well as the risks that e-cigarettes pose, together with ways to reduce exposure, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Pike
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario
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Beaulieu E, Jiang A, Zheng A, Rajabali F, Pike I. Inequities in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma According to Neighborhood Social and Material Deprivation: A Population-Level Study in British Columbia, Canada. Child Maltreat 2020; 25:300-307. [PMID: 31826660 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519892332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between neighborhood social and material deprivation and the rates of abusive head trauma (AHT), and whether it differs according to sex, and following the implementation of the Period of PURPLE Crying (PURPLE) program. METHOD A cross-sectional study design was applied to data from children 0 to 24 months old with a confirmed AHT diagnosis between 2005 and 2017 in British Columbia. Dissemination area-based social and material deprivation scores were assigned to residential areas, where AHT cases were recorded. Poisson regression models tested the relationship between deprivation scores and AHT rates, adding sex and pre-post program implementation as interaction terms. RESULTS With each increase in material and social deprivation quintiles, AHT rates increased by 42% (95% CI [1.18, 1.72]) and 25% (95% CI [1.06, 1.51]), respectively, following a social gradient. AHT rate disparities between neighborhoods did not change following the PURPLE program implementation. CONCLUSIONS This study stresses the need to provide additional AHT prevention services proportionately to the levels of neighborhood disadvantage, in addition to universal AHT programs, to successfully protect all children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Beaulieu
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fahra Rajabali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Al-Hajj S, Nehme R, Hatoum F, Zheng A, Pike I. Child school injury in Lebanon: A study to assess injury incidence, severity and risk factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233465. [PMID: 32530949 PMCID: PMC7292362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based injuries represent a sizeable portion of child injuries. This study investigated the rates of school-based injuries in Lebanon, examining injury mechanisms, outcomes and associated risk factors. METHODS Data were prospectively collected by intern school nurses at 11 private schools for the 2018-2019 academic year. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Chi-square comparisons were conducted to determine the significance of any differences in injury rates between boys and girls for each category of school. RESULTS 4,619 injury cases were collected. The yearly rate for school injuries was 419.1 per 1,000 children for the year 2018-2019. Boys demonstrated a significantly higher injury rate for all mechanisms of injuries, with the exception of being injured while walking, injured in the gym/sports areas, and other areas outside the playground and classroom. Elementary school children had the highest rate of injuries, nearly 2.4 times higher than kindergarten, 2.8 times higher than middle school, and 14.5 times higher than high school. Injuries to the face, upper extremities, and lower extremities were nearly 3 times more common than injuries to other areas of the body. Bumps/hits and bruises were most common-almost 3 times more likely than all other injury types. Injuries were mainly minor or moderate in severity-severe injuries were about 10 times less likely. Most injuries were unintentional, with rates nearly 5 times higher than those with unclear intent and 12 times higher than intentional injuries. CONCLUSIONS School injuries represent a relatively common problem. Compliance with playground safety standards coupled with the implementation of injury prevention strategies and active supervision at schools can curtail child injuries and ensure a safe and injury-free school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Hajj
- Health Management and Policy Department, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
| | - Ricardo Nehme
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Hatoum
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alex Zheng
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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