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Al-Khateeb ZF, Boumenar H, Adebimpe J, Shekerzade S, Henson SM, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. The cellular senescence response and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice following controlled cortical impact and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114714. [PMID: 38325653 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms linking TBI to neurodegeneration remain to be defined. It has been proposed that the induction of cellular senescence after injury could amplify neuroinflammation and induce long-term tissue changes. The induction of a senescence response post-injury in the immature brain has yet to be characterised. We carried out two types of brain injury in juvenile CD1 mice: invasive TBI using controlled cortical impact (CCI) and repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) using weight drop injury. The analysis of senescence-related signals showed an increase in γH2AX-53BP1 nuclear foci, p53, p19ARF, and p16INK4a expression in the CCI group, 5 days post-injury (dpi). At 35 days, the difference was no longer statistically significant. Gene expression showed the activation of different senescence pathways in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres in the injured mice. CCI-injured mice showed a neuroinflammatory early phase after injury (increased Iba1 and GFAP expression), which persisted for GFAP. After CCI, there was an increase at 5 days in p16INK4, whereas in rmTBI, a significant increase was seen at 35 dpi. Both injuries caused a decrease in p21 at 35 dpi. In rmTBI, other markers showed no significant change. The PCR array data predicted the activation of pathways connected to senescence after rmTBI. These results indicate the induction of a complex cellular senescence and glial reaction in the immature mouse brain, with clear differences between an invasive brain injury and a repetitive mild injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra F Al-Khateeb
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hasna Boumenar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joycee Adebimpe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shenel Shekerzade
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siân M Henson
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Yip PK, Bremang M, Pike I, Ponnusamy V, Michael-Titus AT, Shah DK. Newborns with Favourable Outcomes after Perinatal Asphyxia Have Upregulated Glucose Metabolism-Related Proteins in Plasma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1471. [PMID: 37892154 PMCID: PMC10604898 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Although mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) may improve outcomes in selected babies, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. A proteomics discovery study was carried out to analyse proteins in the plasma of newborns with HIE. Proteomic analysis of plasma from 22 newborns with moderate-severe HIE that had initially undergone TH, and relative controls including 10 newborns with mild HIE who did not warrant TH and also cord blood from 10 normal births (non-HIE) were carried out using the isobaric Tandem Mass Tag (TMT®) 10plexTM labelling with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 7818 unique peptides were identified in all TMT10plexTM samples, translating to 3457 peptides representing 405 proteins, after applying stringent filter criteria. Apart from the unique protein signature from normal cord blood, unsupervised analysis revealed several significantly regulated proteins in the TH-treated moderate-severe HIE group. GO annotation and functional clustering revealed various proteins associated with glucose metabolism: the enzymes fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, and pyruvate kinase PKM were upregulated in newborns with favourable (sHIE+) outcomes compared to newborns with unfavourable (sHIE-) outcomes. Those with favourable outcomes had normal MR imaging or mild abnormalities not predictive of adverse outcomes. However, in comparison to mild HIE and the sHIE- groups, the sHIE+ group had the additional glucose metabolism-related enzymes upregulated, including triosephosphate isomerase, α-enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transaldolase, and mitochondrial glutathione reductase. In conclusion, our plasma proteomic study demonstrates that TH-treated newborns with favourable outcomes have an upregulation in glucose metabolism. These findings may open new avenues for more effective neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K. Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Michael Bremang
- Proteome Sciences PLC, Coveham House, Surrey KT11 3EP, UK (I.P.)
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences PLC, Coveham House, Surrey KT11 3EP, UK (I.P.)
| | - Vennila Ponnusamy
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
- St. Peter’s Hospital (Ashford and St. Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Divyen K. Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (V.P.); (A.T.M.-T.); (D.K.S.)
- Neonatal Unit, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK
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Dyall SC, Nessel I, Sharpe JA, Yip PK, Michael-Titus AT, Shah DK. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are reduced in neonates with substantial brain injury undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1231743. [PMID: 37712085 PMCID: PMC10498768 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1231743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although therapeutic hypothermia is an effective treatment, substantial chronic neurological impairment often persists. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, offer therapeutic potential in the post-acute phase. To understand how PUFAs are affected by HIE and therapeutic hypothermia we quantified for the first time the effects of HIE and therapeutic hypothermia on blood PUFA levels and lipid peroxidation. In a cross-sectional approach, blood samples from newborns with moderate to severe HIE, who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (sHIE group) were compared to samples from newborns with mild HIE, who did not receive therapeutic hypothermia, and controls. The sHIE group was stratified into cerebral MRI predictive of good (n = 10), or poor outcomes (n = 10; nine developed cerebral palsy). Cell pellets were analyzed for fatty acid content, and plasma for lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Omega-3 Index (% DHA + EPA) was similar between control and HIE groups; however, with therapeutic hypothermia there were significantly lower levels in poor vs. good prognosis sHIE groups. Estimated Δ-6 desaturase activity was significantly lower in sHIE compared to mild HIE and control groups, and linoleic acid significantly increased in the sHIE group with good prognosis. Reduced long-chain omega-3 PUFAs was associated with poor outcome after HIE and therapeutic hypothermia, potentially due to decreased biosynthesis and tissue incorporation. We speculate a potential role for long-chain omega-3 PUFA interventions in addition to existing treatments to improve neurologic outcomes in sHIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Dyall
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennine A. Sharpe
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Divyen K. Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Perez-Ternero C, Pallier PN, Tremoleda JL, Delogu A, Fernandes C, Michael-Titus AT, Hobbs AJ. C-type natriuretic peptide preserves central neurological function by maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:991112. [PMID: 36267701 PMCID: PMC9577671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.991112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and key to neuronal development; however, a broader role for CNP in the CNS remains unclear. To address this deficit, we investigated behavioral, sensory and motor abnormalities and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a unique mouse model with inducible, global deletion of CNP (gbCNP-/-). gbCNP-/- mice and wild-type littermates at 12 (young adult) and 65 (aged) weeks of age were investigated for changes in gait and motor coordination (CatWalk™ and rotarod tests), anxiety-like behavior (open field and elevated zero maze tests), and motor and sensory function (modified neurological severity score [mNSS] and primary SHIRPA screen). Vascular permeability was assessed in vivo (Miles assay) with complementary in vitro studies conducted in primary murine brain endothelial cells. Young adult gbCNP-/- mice had normal gait but reduced motor coordination, increased locomotor activity in the open field and elevated zero maze, and had a higher mNSS score. Aged gbCNP-/- animals developed recurrent spontaneous seizures and had impaired gait and wide-ranging motor and sensory dysfunction. Young adult and aged gbCNP-/- mice exhibited increased BBB permeability, which was partially restored in vitro by CNP administration. Cultured brain endothelial cells from gbCNP-/- mice had an abnormal ZO-1 protein distribution. These data suggest that lack of CNP in the CNS impairs tight junction protein arrangement and increases BBB permeability, which is associated with changes in locomotor activity, motor coordination and late-onset seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Perez-Ternero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N. Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L. Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Thau-Zuchman O, Pallier PN, Savelkoul PJM, Kuipers AAM, Verkuyl JM, Michael-Titus AT. High phenylalanine concentrations induce demyelination and microglial activation in mouse cerebellar organotypic slices. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926023. [PMID: 36248632 PMCID: PMC9559601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism. Mutations in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)-encoding gene lead to a decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe). The deficiency in PAH increases Phe levels in blood and brain. Accumulation of Phe can lead to delayed development, psychiatric problems and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) damage is a neuropathological hallmark of PKU and can be seen even in early detected and treated PKU patients. The mechanisms linking high Phe concentrations to WM abnormalities remain unclear. We tested the effects of high Phe concentrations on myelin in three in vitro models of increasing complexity: two simple cell culture models and one model that preserves local brain tissue architecture, a cerebellar organotypic slice culture prepared from postnatal day (P) 8 CD-1 mice. Various Phe concentrations (0.1–10 mM) and durations of exposure were tested. We found no toxic effect of high Phe in the cell culture models. On the contrary, the treatment promoted the maturation of oligodendrocytes, particularly at the highest, non-physiological Phe concentrations. Exposure of cerebellar organotypic slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 21 days in vitro (DIV), but not 7 or 10 DIV, resulted in a significant decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP), calbindin-stained neurites, and neurites co-stained with MBP. Following exposure to a toxic concentration of Phe, a switch to the control medium for 7 days did not lead to remyelination, while very active remyelination was seen in slices following demyelination with lysolecithin. An enhanced number of microglia, displaying an activated type morphology, was seen after exposure of the slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 10 or 21 DIV. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to high Phe concentrations can induce microglial activation preceding significant disruption of myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N. Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Patrick N. Pallier,
| | | | | | | | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Teoh L, Ihalage AA, Harp S, F. Al-Khateeb Z, Michael-Titus AT, Tremoleda JL, Hao Y. Deep learning for behaviour classification in a preclinical brain injury model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268962. [PMID: 35704595 PMCID: PMC9200342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of traumatic brain injuries can directly impact the prognosis and survival of patients. Preceding attempts to automate the detection and the assessment of the severity of traumatic brain injury continue to be based on clinical diagnostic methods, with limited tools for disease outcomes in large populations. Despite advances in machine and deep learning tools, current approaches still use simple trends of statistical analysis which lack generality. The effectiveness of deep learning to extract information from large subsets of data can be further emphasised through the use of more elaborate architectures. We therefore explore the use of a multiple input, convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) integrated architecture in the context of traumatic injury detection through predicting the presence of brain injury in a murine preclinical model dataset. We investigated the effectiveness and validity of traumatic brain injury detection in the proposed model against various other machine learning algorithms such as the support vector machine, the random forest classifier and the feedforward neural network. Our dataset was acquired using a home cage automated (HCA) system to assess the individual behaviour of mice with traumatic brain injury or non-central nervous system (non-CNS) injured controls, whilst housed in their cages. Their distance travelled, body temperature, separation from other mice and movement were recorded every 15 minutes, for 72 hours weekly, for 5 weeks following intervention. The HCA behavioural data was used to train a deep learning model, which then predicts if the animals were subjected to a brain injury or just a sham intervention without brain damage. We also explored and evaluated different ways to handle the class imbalance present in the uninjured class of our training data. We then evaluated our models with leave-one-out cross validation. Our proposed deep learning model achieved the best performance and showed promise in its capability to detect the presence of brain trauma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Teoh
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, United Kingdom
| | - Achintha Avin Ihalage
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, United Kingdom
| | - Srooley Harp
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra F. Al-Khateeb
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L. Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (YH); (JLT)
| | - Yang Hao
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (YH); (JLT)
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Pradelli L, Adolph M, Calder PC, Deutz NE, Carmona TG, Michael-Titus AT, Muscaritoli M, Singer P. Commentary on 'Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition'. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1226-1227. [PMID: 35650681 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As authors of recent meta-analyses evaluating lipids for parenteral nutrition1,2 and/or the ESPEN Expert Group: lipids in the intensive care unit3 we welcome the updating of the ASPEN guidelines for clinical nutrition in adult critically ill patients,4 but would like to remark on certain aspects that cause us concern This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Human Clinical Research Facility, Director, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pierre Singer
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of the Sackler School of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Chairman of ESPEN, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Head of Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gala AAD, Kumar H, Sedani S, Openshaw-Lawrence N, Verkuijl JM, Glogowski N, Steingold A, Ponnusamy V, Ekitzidou G, Yip P, Nessel I, Michael-Titus AT, Roeselers G, Shah DK. Alterations in the Stool Microbiome in Newborns undergoing Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:373-383. [PMID: 35139510 DOI: 10.1159/000522523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with brain injury in newborns, and may lead to disability or death. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an effective neuroprotective intervention and an established standard of care in western countries. The gut microbiome, the genomic and physico-chemical contribution of the gut microbiota, serves important functions and is increasingly recognised as a major influencer on development. The impact of HIE and TH on the evolving gut microbiota of the newborn remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To carry out an exploratory study on the effects of HIE and TH on the gut microbiome in term neonates. METHODS AND RESULTS Stool samples were obtained from 28 newborns with HIE (median age 68 h) undergoing TH on the neonatal unit (HIE TH group), with a follow-on stool sample available for 20 of these babies (median age 151 h). For comparison, a single stool specimen was obtained from 19 healthy newborns on the postnatal ward (median age 34 h). The microbiota composition was determined using established microbial DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methodology. There was no difference in the mode of delivery or the method of feeding the newborns, once established, between the two groups. All the infants in the HIE TH group had received antibiotics compared to only one of the controls. A lower -diversity, quantified by the Shannon diversity index, was noted in the microbiota of the HIE TH group in comparison to the control group. The HIE TH group had a higher mean relative abundance (MRA) of facultative anaerobes and aerobes such as Staphylococcus species and a lower MRA of strict anaerobes, such as members of the Bacteroides genus, compared to the control. Also, there was a significant reduction in the MRA of the genus Bifidobacterium in the HIE TH group. Although the mode of delivery exerts a profound influence on the gut microbiota of the newborn, distance-based redundancy analysis showed that TH may exert an independent influence. This study could not determine the independent contribution of the use of antibiotics or the NICU environment. CONCLUSION In this study we demonstrate an alteration in the microbiota composition in newborns undergoing TH for HIE. (359 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammee A D Gala
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sagar Sedani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicola Glogowski
- Royal London Hospital (Barts Health NHS Trust), London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Steingold
- Royal London Hospital (Barts Health NHS Trust), London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ping Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Divyen K Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal London Hospital (Barts Health NHS Trust), London, United Kingdom
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France G, Volianskis R, Ingram R, Bannister N, Rothärmel R, Irvine MW, Fang G, Burnell ES, Sapkota K, Costa BM, Chopra DA, Dravid SM, Michael-Titus AT, Monaghan DT, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Jane DE, Collingridge GL, Volianskis A. Differential regulation of STP, LTP and LTD by structurally diverse NMDA receptor subunit-specific positive allosteric modulators. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108840. [PMID: 34678377 PMCID: PMC8803579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different types of memory are thought to rely on different types of synaptic plasticity, many of which depend on the activation of the N-Methyl-D Aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the possibility of using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) as cognitive enhancers. Here we firstly review the evidence that NMDA receptor-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity: short-term potentiation (STP), long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) can be pharmacologically differentiated by using NMDAR ligands. These observations suggest that PAMs of NMDAR function, depending on their subtype selectivity, might differentially regulate STP, LTP and LTD. To test this hypothesis, we secondly performed experiments in rodent hippocampal slices with UBP714 (a GluN2A/2B preferring PAM), CIQ (a GluN2C/D selective PAM) and UBP709 (a pan-PAM that potentiates all GluN2 subunits). We report here, for the first time, that: (i) UBP714 potentiates sub-maximal LTP and reduces LTD; (ii) CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP; (iii) UBP709 enhances LTD and decreases LTP. We conclude that PAMs can differentially regulate distinct forms of NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity due to their subtype selectivity. This article is part of the Neuropharmacology Special Issue on ‘Glutamate Receptors – NMDA receptors’. NMDAR-dependent STP, LTP and LTD can be dissociated pharmacologically GluN2A/2B PAM UBP714 potentiates LTP and reduces LTD GluN2C/D PAM CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP NMDAR pan-PAM UBP709 potentiates LTD and reduces LTP
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Affiliation(s)
- G France
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Volianskis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Ingram
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - N Bannister
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Rothärmel
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M W Irvine
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Fang
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E S Burnell
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - K Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - B M Costa
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA & Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - D A Chopra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - S M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - A T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - D T Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - J Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z A Bortolotto
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D E Jane
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G L Collingridge
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Volianskis
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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10
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Brandt MJV, Nijboer CH, Nessel I, Mutshiya TR, Michael-Titus AT, Counotte DS, Schipper L, van der Aa NE, Benders MJNL, de Theije CGM. Nutritional Supplementation Reduces Lesion Size and Neuroinflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner in a Mouse Model of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Nutrients 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 35011052 PMCID: PMC8747710 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of neonatal brain injury, leading to long-term neurological impairments. Medical nutrition can be rapidly implemented in the clinic, making it a viable intervention to improve neurodevelopment after injury. The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), uridine monophosphate (UMP) and choline have previously been shown in rodents to synergistically enhance brain phospholipids, synaptic components and cognitive performance. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an experimental diet containing DHA, EPA, UMP, choline, iodide, zinc, and vitamin B12 in a mouse model of perinatal HI. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice received the experimental diet or an isocaloric control diet from birth. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was induced on postnatal day 9 by ligation of the right common carotid artery and systemic hypoxia. To assess the effects of the experimental diet on long-term motor and cognitive outcome, mice were subjected to a behavioral test battery. Lesion size, neuroinflammation, brain fatty acids and phospholipids were analyzed at 15 weeks after HI. The experimental diet reduced lesion size and neuroinflammation specifically in males. In both sexes, brain n-3 fatty acids were increased after receiving the experimental diet. The experimental diet also improved novel object recognition, but no significant effects on motor performance were observed. Current data indicates that early life nutritional supplementation with a combination of DHA, EPA, UMP, choline, iodide, zinc, and vitamin B12 may provide neuroprotection after perinatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna J. V. Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.J.V.B.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Cora H. Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.J.V.B.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK; (I.N.); (T.R.M.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Tatenda R. Mutshiya
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK; (I.N.); (T.R.M.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK; (I.N.); (T.R.M.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | | | - Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands; (D.S.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Niek E. van der Aa
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.E.v.d.A.); (M.J.N.L.B.)
| | - Manon J. N. L. Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.E.v.d.A.); (M.J.N.L.B.)
| | - Caroline G. M. de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.J.V.B.); (C.H.N.)
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11
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Guesne S, Connole L, Kim S, Motevalli M, Robson L, Michael-Titus AT, Sullivan A. Umbelliferyloxymethyl phosphonate compounds-weakly binding zinc ionophores with neuroprotective properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17041-17051. [PMID: 34761777 PMCID: PMC8631114 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Umbelliferone is a member of the coumarin family of compounds which are known for diverse pharmacological activity including in targets relevant to Alzheimers disease, AD. The toxicity associated with some forms of the amyloid protein, Aβ, and the role of Zn2+ (and other biometals) dyshomeostasis in this, are of great interest in AD and make metal ionophore capability desirable in so called multi target drug ligands MTDLs. A new series of umbelliferyloxymethyl phosphonic acid diethylester compounds (umbelliferyloxymethyl phosphonates) bearing a phosphonate at the 7-position (compounds 1, 3-6), hydrolysis products 2, 2a and 2b from 1 and analogues 7 and 8 of 1 with 7-O to 7-S and 1-O to 1-NH substitutions, are reported. Single crystal X-ray structures of compounds 1, 2 and 2a were determined. In terms of neuroprotective properties, the compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 at 1 μM concentration, inhibited the toxicity of Aβ1-42 (Aβ42) in both toxic Amyloid Derived Diffusible Ligand (ADDL) and fibrillar (fibril) forms towards rat hippocampal cells. Compound 7 displayed cytotoxicity and 8 failed to inhibit Aβ42 toxicity. Concerning compound-metal ionophore activity (assessed using chemical experiments), despite weak binding to Zn2+ determined from 31P NMR titration of 1 and 2 by ZnCl2, compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 demonstrated ionophore assisted partition of Zn2+ from water to octanol at micromolar concentrations with efficacy on a par with or better than the chelator MTDL clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline). Partition was assessed using furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). In further experiments interaction of compound 1 with Zn2+ or it's pathways was inferred by (i) delayed fluorescence response with added Zn2+ in cells treated with FluoZin-3 and (ii) by suppression of Zn2+ promoted aggregation of Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Guesne
- Dept. of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Laura Connole
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Dept. of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Majid Motevalli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Lesley Robson
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alice Sullivan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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12
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Nixon R, Ip THR, Jenkins B, Yip PK, Clarke P, Ponnusamy V, Michael-Titus AT, Koulman A, Shah DK. Lipid Profiles from Dried Blood Spots Reveal Lipidomic Signatures of Newborns Undergoing Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124301. [PMID: 34959853 PMCID: PMC8703828 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with perinatal brain injury, which may lead to disability or death. As the brain is a lipid-rich organ, various lipid species can be significantly impacted by HIE and these correlate with specific changes to the lipidomic profile in the circulation. Objective: To investigate the peripheral blood lipidomic signature in dried blood spots (DBS) from newborns with HIE. Using univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and sPLS-DA modelling, we show that newborns with moderate-severe HIE (n = 46) who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH) displayed a robust peripheral blood lipidomic signature comprising 29 lipid species in four lipid classes; namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), triglyceride (TG) and sphingomyelin (SM) when compared with newborns with mild HIE (n = 18). In sPLS-DA modelling, the three most discriminant lipid species were TG 50:3, TG 54:5, and PC 36:5. We report a reduction in plasma TG and SM and an increase in plasma PC and LPC species during the course of TH in newborns with moderate-severe HIE, compared to a single specimen from newborns with mild HIE. These findings may guide the research in nutrition-based intervention strategies after HIE in synergy with TH to enhance neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Nixon
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (R.N.); (T.H.R.I.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (P.K.Y.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Ting Hin Richard Ip
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (R.N.); (T.H.R.I.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (P.K.Y.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- NIHR Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (P.K.Y.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Paul Clarke
- Neonatal Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK;
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Vennila Ponnusamy
- Ashford and St. Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK;
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (P.K.Y.); (A.T.M.-T.)
| | - Albert Koulman
- NIHR Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.K.S.); Tel.: +44-20-3594-0524 (D.K.S); Fax: +44-20-7882-2180 (D.K.S.)
| | - Divyen K. Shah
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (R.N.); (T.H.R.I.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (P.K.Y.); (A.T.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.K.S.); Tel.: +44-20-3594-0524 (D.K.S); Fax: +44-20-7882-2180 (D.K.S.)
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13
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Ponnusamy V, Ip RTH, Mohamed MAEK, Clarke P, Wozniak E, Mein C, Schwendimann L, Barlas A, Chisholm P, Chakkarapani E, Michael-Titus AT, Gressens P, Yip PK, Shah DK. Neuronal let-7b-5p acts through the Hippo-YAP pathway in neonatal encephalopathy. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1143. [PMID: 34593980 PMCID: PMC8484486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge on microRNAs, their role in the pathogenesis of neonatal encephalopathy remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identify let-7b-5p as a significant microRNA in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy from dried blood spots using next generation sequencing. Validation studies using Reverse Transcription and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on 45 neonates showed that let-7b-5p expression was increased on day 1 in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy with unfavourable outcome when compared to those with mild encephalopathy. Mechanistic studies performed on glucose deprived cell cultures and the cerebral cortex of two animal models of perinatal brain injury, namely hypoxic-ischaemic and intrauterine inflammation models confirm that let-7b-5p is associated with the apoptotic Hippo pathway. Significant reduction in neuronal let-7b-5p expression corresponded with activated Hippo pathway, with increased neuronal/nuclear ratio of Yes Associated Protein (YAP) and increased neuronal cleaved caspase-3 expression in both animal models. Similar results were noted for let-7b-5p and YAP expression in glucose-deprived cell cultures. Reduced nuclear YAP with decreased intracellular let-7b-5p correlated with neuronal apoptosis in conditions of metabolic stress. This finding of the Hippo-YAP association with let-7b needs validation in larger cohorts to further our knowledge on let-7b-5p as a biomarker for neonatal encephalopathy. Using next generation sequencing of dried blood spots and subsequent validation, Ponnusamy et al identify let-7b-5p as an elevated microRNA in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy. Using cell culture and murine models of perinatal brain injury they demonstrate that the effects of let-7b-5p are elicited via the Hippo-YAP pathway, which should be validated in large neonate cohorts to expand our understanding of let-7b-5p as a biomarker for neonatal encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennila Ponnusamy
- Ashford and St. Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard T H Ip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Moumin A E K Mohamed
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Clarke
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eva Wozniak
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Charles Mein
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | - Akif Barlas
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ela Chakkarapani
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019, Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Divyen K Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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14
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Nessel I, Michael-Titus AT. Lipid profiling of brain tissue and blood after traumatic brain injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 112:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Thau-Zuchman O, Svendsen L, Dyall SC, Paredes-Esquivel U, Rhodes M, Priestley JV, Feichtinger RG, Kofler B, Lotstra S, Verkuyl JM, Hageman RJ, Broersen LM, van Wijk N, Silva JP, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. A new ketogenic formulation improves functional outcome and reduces tissue loss following traumatic brain injury in adult mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:346-360. [PMID: 33391479 PMCID: PMC7681084 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to neurological impairment, with no satisfactory treatments available. Classical ketogenic diets (KD), which reduce reliance on carbohydrates and provide ketones as fuel, have neuroprotective potential, but their high fat content reduces compliance, and experimental evidence suggests they protect juvenile brain against TBI, but not adult brain, which would strongly limit their applicability in TBI. Methods: We designed a new-KD with a fat to carbohydrate plus protein ratio of 2:1, containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), low glycaemic index carbohydrates, fibres and the ketogenic amino acid leucine, and evaluated its neuroprotective potential in adult TBI. Adult male C57BL6 mice were injured by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and assessed for 70 days, during which they received a control diet or the new-KD. Results: The new-KD, that markedly increased plasma Beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), significantly attenuated sensorimotor deficits and corrected spatial memory deficit. The lesion size, perilesional inflammation and oxidation were markedly reduced. Oligodendrocyte loss appeared to be significantly reduced. TBI activated the mTOR pathway and the new-KD enhanced this increase and increased histone acetylation and methylation. Conclusion: The behavioural improvement and tissue protection provide proof of principle that this new formulation has therapeutic potential in adult TBI.
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16
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Shah DK, Yip PK, Barlas A, Tharmapoopathy P, Ponnusamy V, Michael-Titus AT, Chisholm P. Raised Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein Levels After Rewarming Are Associated With Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Newborns After Therapeutic Hypothermia. Front Neurol 2020; 11:562510. [PMID: 33192996 PMCID: PMC7644845 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.562510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the predictive value of plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) as a prognostic marker for outcomes in babies who have undergone therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Method: NfL levels from three groups of term newborns were compared: (1) those with mild HIE who did not receive TH, (2) newborns treated with TH who had minimal or no brain injury on MRI, and (3) newborns treated with TH who had substantial brain injury on MRI. Follow-up outcomes were collected from 18 months onward. Results: Follow-up was available for 33/37 (89%) of children. A cutoff NfL level >436 pg/ml after rewarming (median age 98 h) was associated with adverse outcome with a diagnostic sensitivity 75%, specificity 77%, PPV 75%, and NPV 77%. NfL levels at earlier time points were not predictive of outcome. Interpretation: This pilot study shows that persistently raised plasma NfL levels after rewarming are associated with adverse outcomes in babies with HIE who have undergone TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyen K Shah
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,The Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ping K Yip
- The Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Akif Barlas
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pavithira Tharmapoopathy
- The Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vennila Ponnusamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Ashford and St. Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- The Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Chisholm
- Homerton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Gaviria M, Celeghin A, Michael-Titus AT, Pallier PN. Editorial: Brain Plasticity and Contribution of the Emotional Brain to Neural Remodelling After Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:606271. [PMID: 33193069 PMCID: PMC7649151 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.606271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gaviria
- Clinical Neurosciences, Institut Equiphoria/Alliance Equiphoria, La Canourgue, France
| | | | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Yip PK, Schmitzberger M, Al-Hasan M, George J, Tripoliti E, Michael-Titus AT, Clayton D, Priestley JV. Serotonin Expression in the Song Circuitry of Adult Male Zebra Finches. Neuroscience 2020; 444:170-182. [PMID: 32590039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter of the brain, but its role in song control remains to be fully demonstrated. Using male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that have song learning and production capabilities, we analysed the serotonin expression levels in the song nuclei and adjacent areas (peri-song nuclei) using immunohistochemistry. Key song nuclei were identified using combinations of Hoechst, choline acetyltransferase, and a neurofilament (NN18) marker in reference to the ZEBrA atlas. Mean serotonin expression was highest in interfacial nucleus (Nif) and lower in the other song nuclei in the following order (in order of highest first): interfacial nucleus (Nif) > Area X > dorsomedial part of the intercollicular nucelus (DM) > robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) > lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) > ventral respiratory group (VRG) > dorsolateral nucleus of the medial thalamus (DLM) > the nucleus HVC (proper name) > tracheosyringeal motor nucleus (nXIIts). However, the mean serotonin expression (in order of highest first) in the peri-song nuclei regions was: peri-DM > peri-nXIIts > supra-peri-HVC > peri-RA > peri-DLM > peri-Area X > infra-peri-HVC > peri-VRG > peri-LMAN > peri-Nif. Interestingly, serotoninergic fibers immunostained for serotonin or the serotonin transporter can be found as a basket-like peri-neuronal structure surrounding cholinergic cell bodies, and appear to form contacts onto dopaminergic neurones. In summary, serotonin fibers are present at discrete song nuclei, and peri-song nuclei regions, which suggest serotonin may have a direct and/or modulatory role in song control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Magdalena Schmitzberger
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Hasan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Julia George
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Elina Tripoliti
- UCL, Institute of Neurology, Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David Clayton
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - John V Priestley
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
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20
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Vrettos EI, Valverde IE, Mascarin A, Pallier PN, Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Parigi G, Hirmiz B, Bekas N, Grob NM, Stylos EΚ, Shaye H, Del Borgo M, Aguilar MI, Magnani F, Syed N, Crook T, Waqif E, Ghazaly E, Cherezov V, Widdop RE, Luchinat C, Michael-Titus AT, Mindt TL, Tzakos AG. Single Peptide Backbone Surrogate Mutations to Regulate Angiotensin GPCR Subtype Selectivity. Chemistry 2020; 26:10690-10694. [PMID: 32691857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutating the side-chains of amino acids in a peptide ligand, with unnatural amino acids, aiming to mitigate its short half-life is an established approach. However, it is hypothesized that mutating specific backbone peptide bonds with bioisosters can be exploited not only to enhance the proteolytic stability of parent peptides, but also to tune its receptor subtype selectivity. Towards this end, four [Y]6 -Angiotensin II analogues are synthesized where amide bonds have been replaced by 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole isosteres in four different backbone locations. All the analogues possessed enhanced stability in human plasma in comparison with the parent peptide, whereas only two of them achieved enhanced AT2 R/AT1 R subtype selectivity. This diversification has been studied through 2D NMR spectroscopy and unveiled a putative more structured microenvironment for the two selective ligands accompanied with increased number of NOE cross-peaks. The most potent analogue, compound 2, has been explored regarding its neurotrophic potential and resulted in an enhanced neurite growth with respect to the established agent C21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibai E Valverde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alba Mascarin
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Baydaa Hirmiz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nick Bekas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Nathalie M Grob
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evgenios Κ Stylos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Hamidreza Shaye
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mark Del Borgo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Francesca Magnani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Timothy Crook
- Leaders in Oncology Care, 95 Harley Street, London, W1G 6AF, UK
| | - Emal Waqif
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Essam Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine, (CIRMMP), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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21
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Yip PK, Bowes AL, Hall JCE, Burguillos MA, Ip THR, Baskerville T, Liu ZH, Mohamed MAEK, Getachew F, Lindsay AD, Najeeb SUR, Popovich PG, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces microglia phagocytic activity via miR-124 and induces neuroprotection in rodent models of spinal cord contusion injury. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2427-2448. [PMID: 30972415 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are activated after spinal cord injury (SCI), but their phagocytic mechanisms and link to neuroprotection remain incompletely characterized. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to have significant neuroprotective effects after hemisection and compression SCI and can directly affect microglia in these injury models. In rodent contusion SCI, we demonstrate that DHA (500 nmol/kg) administered acutely post-injury confers neuroprotection and enhances locomotor recovery, and also exerts a complex modulation of the microglial response to injury. In rodents, at 7 days after SCI, the level of phagocytosed myelin within Iba1-positive or P2Y12-positive cells was significantly lower after DHA treatment, and this occurred in parallel with an increase in intracellular miR-124 expression. Furthermore, intraspinal administration of a miR-124 inhibitor significantly reduced the DHA-induced decrease in myelin phagocytosis in mice at 7 days post-SCI. In rat spinal primary microglia cultures, DHA reduced the phagocytic response to myelin, which was associated with an increase in miR-124, but not miR-155. A similar response was observed in a microglia cell line (BV2) treated with DHA, and the effect was blocked by a miR-124 inhibitor. Furthermore, the phagocytic response of BV2 cells to stressed neurones was also reduced in the presence of DHA. In peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, the expression of the M1, but not the M0 or M2 phenotype, was reduced by DHA, but the phagocytic activation was not altered. These findings show that DHA induces neuroprotection in contusion injury. Furthermore, the improved outcome is via a miR-124-dependent reduction in the phagocytic response of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy L Bowes
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jodie C E Hall
- Centre for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miguel A Burguillos
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T H Richard Ip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tracey Baskerville
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Chang Gung Medical College and University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Moumin A E K Mohamed
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fanuelle Getachew
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna D Lindsay
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Najeeb
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Centre for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John V Priestley
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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22
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Lilley E, Andrews MR, Bradbury EJ, Elliott H, Hawkins P, Ichiyama RM, Keeley J, Michael-Titus AT, Moon LDF, Pluchino S, Riddell J, Ryder K, Yip PK. Refining rodent models of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113273. [PMID: 32142803 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This report was produced by an Expert Working Group (EWG) consisting of UK-based researchers, veterinarians and regulators of animal experiments with specialist knowledge of the use of animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). It aims to facilitate the implementation of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), with an emphasis on refinement. Specific animal welfare issues were identified and discussed, and practical measures proposed, with the aim of reducing animal use and suffering, reducing experimental variability, and increasing translatability within this critically important research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Lilley
- Research Animals Department, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK.
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, 3059, Life Sciences Bldg 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth J Bradbury
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Heather Elliott
- Animals in Scientific Research Unit, 14th Floor, Lunar House, 40 Wellesley Road, Croydon CR9 2BY, UK.
| | - Penny Hawkins
- Research Animals Department, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK.
| | - Ronaldo M Ichiyama
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Jo Keeley
- University Biomedical Services, University of Cambridge, Greenwich House, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0TX, UK.
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- University Biomedical Services, University of Cambridge, Greenwich House, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0TX, UK.
| | - John Riddell
- Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Kathy Ryder
- Animals in Scientific Research Unit, 14th Floor, Lunar House, 40 Wellesley Road, Croydon CR9 2BY, UK.
| | - Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK.
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23
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Thau-Zuchman O, Ingram R, Harvey GG, Cooke T, Palmas F, Pallier PN, Brook J, Priestley JV, Dalli J, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. A Single Injection of Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces a Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Profile in the Injured Tissue and a Long-Lasting Reduction in Neurological Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:66-79. [PMID: 31256709 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to life-changing neurological deficits, which reflect the fast-evolving secondary injury post-trauma. There is a need for acute protective interventions, and the aim of this study was to explore in an experimental TBI model the neuroprotective potential of a single bolus of a neuroactive omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), administered in a time window feasible for emergency services. Adult mice received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) and neurological impairment was assessed with the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) up to 28 days post-injury. DHA (500 nmol/kg) or saline were injected intravenously at 30 min post-injury. The lipid mediator profile was assessed in the injured hemisphere at 3 h post-CCI. After completion of behavioral tests and lesion assessment using magnetic resonance imaging, over 7 days or 28 days post-TBI, the tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The single DHA bolus significantly reduced the injury-induced neurological deficit and increased pro-resolving mediators in the injured brain. DHA significantly reduced lesion size, the microglia and astrocytic reaction, and oxidation, and decreased the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), indicating a reduced axonal injury at 7 days post-TBI. DHA reduced the neurofilament light levels in plasma at 28 days. Therefore, an acute single bolus of DHA post-TBI, in a time window relevant for acute emergency intervention, can induce a long-lasting and significant improvement in neurological outcome, and this is accompanied by a marked upregulation of neuroprotective mediators, including the DHA-derived resolvins and protectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Ingram
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina G Harvey
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cooke
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Brook
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Yip PK, Chapman GE, Sillito RR, Ip THR, Akhigbe G, Becker SC, Price AW, Michael-Titus AT, Armstrong JD, Tremoleda JL. Studies on long term behavioural changes in group-housed rat models of brain and spinal cord injury using an automated home cage recording system. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 321:49-63. [PMID: 30991030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrauma patients face major neurological sequelae. The failure in the preclinical-to-clinical translation of candidate therapies could be due to poor evaluation of rodent behaviours after neurotrauma. NEW METHOD A home cage automated system was used to study the long term behaviour of individual rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and non-CNS injured controls, whilst group-housed in their home cages. Naïve rats were used as baseline controls. Automated locomotor activity and body temperature recordings were carried out 24 h /day for 3 days/week during 12 weeks post-injury. Behavioural patterns, including aggression, rearing, grooming, feeding and drinking were analysed from automated video recordings during week 1, 6 and 12. RESULTS SCI animals showed a lower locomotor activity compared to TBI or control animals during light and dark phases. TBI animals showed a higher aggression during the dark phase in the first week post-injury compared to SCI or control animals. Individual grooming and rearing were reduced in SCI animals compared to TBI and control animals in the first week post-injury during the dark phase. No differences in drinking or feeding were detected between groups. Locomotor activity did not differ between naïve male and female rats, but body temperature differ between light and dark phases for both. STANDARD METHODS Injury severity was compared to standard SCI and TBI behaviour scores (BBB and mNSS, respectively) and histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the practical benefits of using a non-intrusive automated home cage recording system to observe long term individual behaviour of group-housed SCI and TBI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George E Chapman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - T H Richard Ip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Akhigbe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie C Becker
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W Price
- Biological Services, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Douglas Armstrong
- Actual Analytics Ltd, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Informatics, Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Biological Services, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Thau-Zuchman O, Gomes RN, Dyall SC, Davies M, Priestley JV, Groenendijk M, De Wilde MC, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. Brain Phospholipid Precursors Administered Post-Injury Reduce Tissue Damage and Improve Neurological Outcome in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:25-42. [PMID: 29768974 PMCID: PMC6306688 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cellular loss, destabilization of membranes, disruption of synapses and altered brain connectivity, and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. A significant and long-lasting decrease in phospholipids (PLs), essential membrane constituents, has recently been reported in plasma and brain tissue, in human and experimental TBI. We hypothesized that supporting PL synthesis post-injury could improve outcome post-TBI. We tested this hypothesis using a multi-nutrient combination designed to support the biosynthesis of PLs and available for clinical use. The multi-nutrient, Fortasyn® Connect (FC), contains polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, choline, uridine, vitamins, cofactors required for PL biosynthesis, and has been shown to have significant beneficial effects in early Alzheimer's disease. Male C57BL/6 mice received a controlled cortical impact injury and then were fed a control diet or a diet enriched with FC for 70 days. FC led to a significantly improved sensorimotor outcome and cognition, reduced lesion size and oligodendrocyte loss, and it restored myelin. It reversed the loss of the synaptic protein synaptophysin and decreased levels of the axon growth inhibitor, Nogo-A, thus creating a permissive environment. It decreased microglia activation and the rise in ß-amyloid precursor protein and restored the depressed neurogenesis. The effects of this medical multi-nutrient suggest that support of PL biosynthesis post-TBI, a new treatment paradigm, has significant therapeutic potential in this neurological condition for which there is no satisfactory treatment. The multi-nutrient tested has been used in dementia patients and is safe and well tolerated, which would enable rapid clinical exploration in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita N Gomes
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Dyall
- 3 Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Davies
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Groenendijk
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C De Wilde
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Adolph M, Calder PC, Deutz NE, Carmona TG, Klek S, Lev S, Mayer K, Michael-Titus AT, Pradelli L, Puder M, Singer P, Vlaardingerbroek H. Commentary on "Fish Oil-Containing Lipid Emulsions in Adult Parenteral Nutrition: A Review of the Evidence". JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 43:454-455. [PMID: 29603280 PMCID: PMC7379611 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Human Clinical Research Facility, Director, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Stanislaw Klek
- Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Shaul Lev
- Hasharon ICU, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,ISCN, Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Med. Clinik II, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre Lead, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Puder
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Singer
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Head of Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Chairman of ESPEN, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hester Vlaardingerbroek
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shah DK, Ponnusamy V, Evanson J, Kapellou O, Ekitzidou G, Gupta N, Clarke P, Michael-Titus AT, Yip PK. Raised Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein Levels Are Associated with Abnormal MRI Outcomes in Newborns Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:86. [PMID: 29556208 PMCID: PMC5844939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and hypothesis Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains an important cause of death and disability in newborns. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is safe and effective; however, there are no tissue biomarkers available at the bedside to select babies for treatment. The aim of this study was to show that it is feasible to study plasma neurofilament light (NfL) levels from newborns and to evaluate their temporal course. Hypothesis: Raised plasma NFL protein levels from newborns who undergo TH after HIE are associated with abnormal MRI outcomes. Methods Between February 2014 and January 2016, term newborns with HIE treated with TH for 72 h had plasma samples taken at three time points: (i) after the infant had reached target temperature, (ii) prior to commencing rewarming, and (iii) after completing rewarming. Infants with mild HIE who did not receive TH had a single specimen taken. NfL protein was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Twenty-six newborns with moderate-severe HIE treated with TH were studied. Half of these had cerebral MRI predictive of an unfavorable outcome. Plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in the TH group with unfavorable outcome (median age 18 h) compared to levels from both the mild HIE group and TH group with favorable outcome (F = 25.83, p < 0.0001). Newborns who had MRIs predictive of unfavorable outcome had significantly higher NfL levels compared to those with favorable outcomes, at all three time points (mixed models, F = 27.63, p < 0.001). A cutoff NfL level >29 pg/mL at 24 h is predictive of an unfavorable outcome [sensitivity 77%, specificity 69%, positive predictive value (PPV) 67%, negative predictive value (NPV) 72%] with increasing predictive value until after rewarming (sensitivity 92%, specificity 92%, PPV 92%, NPV 86%). Interpretation of research Plasma NfL protein levels may be a useful biomarker of unfavorable MRI outcomes in newborns with moderate-severe HIE and may assist in selecting newborns for adjunctive neuroprotective interventions. Larger studies with NfL testing at earlier time points are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyen K Shah
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,The Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vennila Ponnusamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Ashford and St. Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Evanson
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Kapellou
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Ekitzidou
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neelam Gupta
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Clarke
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ping K Yip
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Tremoleda JL, Alvarez K, Aden A, Donnan R, Michael-Titus AT, Tomlins PH. Heart-rate sensitive optical coherence angiography for measuring vascular changes due to posttraumatic brain injury in mice. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:1-6. [PMID: 29210221 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in direct vascular disruption, triggering edema, and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of brain microcirculation following TBI is important for the development of effective therapies. Optical coherence angiography (OCA) is a promising tool for evaluating TBI in rodent models. We develop an approach to OCA that uses the heart-rate frequency to discriminate between static tissue and vasculature. This method operates on intensity data and is therefore not phase sensitive. Furthermore, it does not require spatial overlap of voxels and thus can be applied to pre-existing datasets for which oversampling may not have been explicitly considered. Heart-rate sensitive OCA was developed for dynamic assessment of mouse microvasculature post-TBI. Results show changes occurring at 5-min intervals within the first 50 min of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi L Tremoleda
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dent, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Alvarez
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdirahman Aden
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Donnan
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dent, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Tomlins
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and, United Kingdom
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29
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Calder PC, Adolph M, Deutz NE, Grau T, Innes JK, Klek S, Lev S, Mayer K, Michael-Titus AT, Pradelli L, Puder M, Vlaardingerbroek H, Singer P. Lipids in the intensive care unit: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1-18. [PMID: 28935438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the presentations given at an ESPEN Workshop on "Lipids in the ICU" held in Tel Aviv, Israel in November 2014 and subsequent discussions and updates. Lipids are an important component of enteral and parenteral nutrition support and provide essential fatty acids, a concentrated source of calories and building blocks for cell membranes. Whilst linoleic acid-rich vegetable oil-based enteral and parenteral nutrition is still widely used, newer lipid components such as medium-chain triglycerides and olive oil are safe and well tolerated. Fish oil (FO)-enriched enteral and parenteral nutrition appears to be well tolerated and confers additional clinical benefits, particularly in surgical patients, due to its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. Whilst the evidence base is not conclusive, there appears to be a potential for FO-enriched nutrition, particularly administered peri-operatively, to reduce the rate of complications and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay in surgical ICU patients. The evidence for FO-enriched nutrition in non-surgical ICU patients is less clear regarding its clinical benefits and additional, well-designed large-scale clinical trials need to be conducted in this area. The ESPEN Expert Group supports the use of olive oil and FO in nutrition support in surgical and non-surgical ICU patients but considers that further research is required to provide a more robust evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nutrition Support Team, University Clinic Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Teodoro Grau
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacqueline K Innes
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- General and Oncology Surgery Unit, Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Shaul Lev
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Med. Clinik II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Pradelli
- AdRes Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 10121 Turin, Italy
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hester Vlaardingerbroek
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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30
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Lee WLA, Michael-Titus AT, Shah DK. Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Neonates. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:49-58. [PMID: 28434009 DOI: 10.1159/000467392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight a possible relationship between hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Inflammatory reactions perpetuate a large proportion of cerebral injury. The extent of injury noted in HIE is not only determined by the biochemical cascades that trigger the apoptosis-necrosis continuum of cell death in the brain parenchyma, but also by the breaching of the BBB by pro-inflammatory factors. We examine the changes that contribute to the breakdown of the BBB that occur during HIE at a macroscopic, cellular, and molecular level. The BBB is a permeability barrier which separates a large majority of brain areas from the systemic circulation. The concept of a physiological BBB is based at the anatomical level on the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of various cellular components that jointly regulate the exchanges that occur at the interface between the systemic circulation and the brain parenchyma. There is increased understanding of the contribution of the components of the NVU, e.g., astrocytes and pericytes, to the maintenance of this physiological barrier. We also explore the development of therapeutic options in HIE, such as harnessing the transport systems in the BBB, to enable the delivery of large molecules with molecular Trojan horse technology, and the reinforcement of the physical barrier with cell-based therapy which utilizes endothelial progenitor cells and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Amelia Lee
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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31
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Liu ZH, Yip PK, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. A Single Dose of Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Functional Recovery Promoted by Rehabilitation after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1766-1777. [PMID: 27881040 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-specific rehabilitation has been shown to promote functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Recently, the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been shown to promote neuroplasticity after SCI. Here, we investigated whether the combination of a single bolus of DHA with rehabilitation can enhance the effect of DHA or rehabilitation therapy in adult injured spinal cord. We found enhanced functional improvement with DHA in combination with rehabilitation compared with either treatment alone in a rat cervical lateral hemisection SCI model. This behavioral improvement correlated with a significant sprouting of uninjured corticospinal and serotonergic fibers. We also observed that the greatest increase in the synaptic vesicle protein, synaptophysin, and the synaptic active zone protein, Bassoon, occurred in animals that received both DHA and rehabilitation. In summary, the functional, anatomical, and synaptic plasticity induced by task-specific rehabilitation can be further enhanced by DHA treatment. This study shows the potential beneficial effects of DHA combined with rehabilitation for the treatment of patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Hao Liu
- 1 Queen Mary University of London , Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom .,2 Chang Gung Medical College and University , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ping K Yip
- 1 Queen Mary University of London , Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- 1 Queen Mary University of London , Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- 1 Queen Mary University of London , Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Tremoleda JL, Thau-Zuchman O, Davies M, Foster J, Khan I, Vadivelu KC, Yip PK, Sosabowski J, Trigg W, Michael-Titus AT. In vivo PET imaging of the neuroinflammatory response in rat spinal cord injury using the TSPO tracer [(18)F]GE-180 and effect of docosahexaenoic acid. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1710-22. [PMID: 27154521 PMCID: PMC4932147 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition which affects millions of people worldwide causing major disability and substantial socioeconomic burden. There are currently no effective treatments. Modulating the neuroinflammatory (NI) response after SCI has evolved as a major therapeutic strategy. PET can be used to detect the upregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a hallmark of activated microglia in the CNS. We investigated whether PET imaging using the novel TSPO tracer [18F]GE-180 can be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for NI in a contusion SCI rat model, and we present data on the modulation of NI by the lipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods A total of 22 adult male Wistar rats were subjected to controlled spinal cord contusion at the T10 spinal cord level. Six non-injured and ten T10 laminectomy only (LAM) animals were used as controls. A subset of six SCI animals were treated with a single intravenous dose of 250 nmol/kg DHA (SCI-DHA group) 30 min after injury; a saline-injected group of six animals was used as an injection control. PET and CT imaging was carried out 7 days after injury using the [18F]GE-180 radiotracer. After imaging, the animals were killed and the spinal cord dissected out for biodistribution and autoradiography studies. In vivo data were correlated with ex vivo immunohistochemistry for TSPO. Results In vivo dynamic PET imaging revealed an increase in tracer uptake in the spinal cord of the SCI animals compared with the non-injured and LAM animals from 35 min after injection (P < 0.0001; SCI vs. LAM vs. non-injured). Biodistribution and autoradiography studies confirmed the high affinity and specific [18F]GE-180 binding in the injured spinal cord compared with the binding in the control groups. Furthermore, they also showed decreased tracer uptake in the T10 SCI area in relation to the non-injured remainder of the spinal cord in the SCI-DHA group compared with the SCI-saline group (P < 0.05), supporting a NI modulatory effect of DHA. Immunohistochemistry showed a high level of TSPO expression (38 %) at the T10 injury site in SCI animals compared with that in the non-injured animals (6 %). Conclusion [18F]GE-180 PET imaging can reveal areas of increased TSPO expression that can be visualized and quantified in vivo after SCI, offering a minimally invasive approach to the monitoring of NI in SCI models and providing a translatable clinical readout for the testing of new therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3391-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tremoleda
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK.
| | - O Thau-Zuchman
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - M Davies
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - J Foster
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - I Khan
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham, UK
| | - K C Vadivelu
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - P K Yip
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - J Sosabowski
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - W Trigg
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham, UK
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Pallier PN, Poddighe L, Zbarsky V, Kostusiak M, Choudhury R, Hart T, Burguillos MA, Musbahi O, Groenendijk M, Sijben JW, deWilde MC, Quartu M, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. A nutrient combination designed to enhance synapse formation and function improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:504-515. [PMID: 26388399 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to major neurological impairment for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Fortasyn® Connect in Alzheimer's disease. Fortasyn® Connect is a specific multi-nutrient combination containing DHA, EPA, choline, uridine monophosphate, phospholipids, and various vitamins. We examined the effect of Fortasyn® Connect in a rat compression model of spinal cord injury. For 4 or 9 weeks following the injury, rats were fed either a control diet or a diet enriched with low, medium, or high doses of Fortasyn® Connect. The medium-dose Fortasyn® Connect-enriched diet showed significant efficacy in locomotor recovery after 9 weeks of supplementation, along with protection of spinal cord tissue (increased neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival, decreased microglial activation, and preserved axonal integrity). Rats fed the high-dose Fortasyn® Connect-enriched diet for 4 weeks showed a much greater enhancement of locomotor recovery, with a faster onset, than rats fed the medium dose. Bladder function recovered quicker in these rats than in rats fed the control diet. Their spinal cord tissues showed a smaller lesion, reduced neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss, decreased neuroinflammatory response, reduced astrocytosis and levels of inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, and better preservation of serotonergic axons than those of rats fed the control diet. These results suggest that this multi-nutrient preparation has a marked therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury, and raise the possibility that this original approach could be used to support spinal cord injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Virginia Zbarsky
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Milosz Kostusiak
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Rasall Choudhury
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Thomas Hart
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Miguel A Burguillos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Omar Musbahi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Martine Groenendijk
- Nutricia Research - Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John W Sijben
- Nutricia Research - Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C deWilde
- Nutricia Research - Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - John V Priestley
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK.
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34
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Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Esposito E, Gladman S, Yip P, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT, Cuzzocrea S. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates the early inflammatory response following spinal cord injury in mice: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24405628 PMCID: PMC3895696 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two families of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are required for physiological functions. The long chain ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have significant biological effects. In particular, DHA is a major component of cell membranes in the brain. It is also involved in neurotransmission. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly devastating pathology that can lead to catastrophic dysfunction, with a significant reduction in the quality of life. Previous studies have shown that EPA and DHA can exert neuroprotective effects in SCI in mice and rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanism of action of ω-3 PUFAs, such as DHA, in a mouse model of SCI, with a focus on the early pathophysiological processes. Methods In this study, SCI was induced in mice by the application of an aneurysm clip onto the dura mater via a four-level T5 to T8 laminectomy. Thirty minutes after compression, animals received a tail vein injection of DHA at a dose of 250 nmol/kg. All animals were killed at 24 h after SCI, to evaluate various parameters implicated in the spread of the injury. Results Our results in this in-vivo study clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces key factors associated with spinal cord trauma. Treatment with DHA significantly reduced: (1) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury, (2) pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α), (3) nitrotyrosine formation, (4) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and (5) apoptosis (Fas-L, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, DHA significantly improved the recovery of limb function. Furthermore, in this study we evaluated the effect of oxidative stress on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells using a well-characterized in-vitro model. Treatment with DHA ameliorated the effects of oxidative stress on neurite length and branching. Conclusions Our results, in vivo and in vitro, clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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35
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Ward RE, Huang W, Kostusiak M, Pallier PN, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. A characterization of white matter pathology following spinal cord compression injury in the rat. Neuroscience 2013; 260:227-39. [PMID: 24361176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously described the characteristics of neuronal injury in a rat compression model of spinal cord injury (SCI), focussing on the impact of this injury on the gray matter. However, white matter damage is known to play a critical role in functional outcome following injury. Therefore, in the present study, we used immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to examine the alterations to the white matter that are initiated by compression SCI applied at T12 vertebral level. A significant loss of axonal and dendritic cytoskeletal proteins was observed at the injury epicenter within 1day of injury. This was accompanied by axonal dysfunction, as demonstrated by the accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), with a peak at 3days post-SCI. A similar, acute loss of cytoskeletal proteins was observed up to 5mm away from the injury epicenter and was particularly evident rostral to the lesion site, whereas β-APP accumulation was prominent in tracts proximal to the injury. Early myelin loss was confirmed by myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining and by electron microscopy, which also highlighted the infiltration of inflammatory and red blood cells. However, 6weeks after injury, areas of new Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte myelination were observed. This study demonstrates that substantial white matter damage occurs following compression SCI in the rat. Moreover, the loss of cytoskeletal proteins and accumulation of β-APP up to 5mm away from the lesion site within 1day of injury indicates the rapid manner in which the axonal damage extends in the rostro-caudal axis. This is likely due to both Wallerian degeneration and spread of secondary cell death, with the latter affecting axons both proximal and distal to the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ward
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - W Huang
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - M Kostusiak
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - P N Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - A T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - J V Priestley
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Nikolakopoulou Z, Nteliopoulos G, Michael-Titus AT, Parkinson EK. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids selectively inhibit growth in neoplastic oral keratinocytes by differentially activating ERK1/2. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2716-25. [PMID: 23892603 PMCID: PMC3845892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs)—eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) and its metabolite docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—inhibit cancer formation
in vivo, but their mechanism of action is unclear. Extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and inhibition have both been associated
with the induction of tumour cell apoptosis by n-3 PUFAs. We show here that low doses of
EPA, in particular, inhibited the growth of premalignant and malignant keratinocytes more
than the growth of normal counterparts by a combination of cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis. The growth inhibition of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines, but not
normal keratinocytes, by both n-3 PUFAs was associated with epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR) autophosphorylation, a sustained phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its
downstream target p90RSK but not with phosphorylation of the PI3 kinase target Akt.
Inhibition of EGFR with either the EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478 or an EGFR-blocking
antibody inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and the blocking antibody partially antagonized
growth inhibition by EPA but not by DHA. DHA generated more reactive oxygen species and
activated more c-jun N-terminal kinase than EPA, potentially explaining its increased
toxicity to normal keratinocytes. Our results show that, in part, EPA specifically
inhibits SCC growth and development by creating a sustained signalling imbalance to
amplify the EGFR/ERK/p90RSK pathway in neoplastic keratinocytes to a supraoptimal level,
supporting the chemopreventive potential of EPA, whose toxicity to normal cells might be
reduced further by blocking its metabolism to DHA. Furthermore, ERK1/2 phosphorylation may
have potential as a biomarker of n-3 PUFA function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College,
Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN,
UK and
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute for Cell and Molecular
Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT,
UK
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 2078
827185; Fax: +44 207 8827137;
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Lim SN, Gladman SJ, Dyall SC, Patel U, Virani N, Kang JX, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Transgenic mice with high endogenous omega-3 fatty acids are protected from spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 51:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lim SN, Huang W, Hall JC, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. Improved outcome after spinal cord compression injury in mice treated with docosahexaenoic acid. Exp Neurol 2013; 239:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hall JCE, Priestley JV, Perry VH, Michael-Titus AT. Docosahexaenoic acid, but not eicosapentaenoic acid, reduces the early inflammatory response following compression spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurochem 2012; 121:738-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The direct primary mechanical trauma to neurons, glia and blood vessels that occurs with spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a complex cascade of biochemical and cellular changes which serve to increase the size of the injury site and the extent of cellular and axonal loss. The aim of neuroprotective strategies in SCI is to limit the extent of this secondary cell loss by inhibiting key components of the evolving injury cascade. In this review we will briefly outline the pathophysiological events that occur in SCI, and then review the wide range of neuroprotective agents that have been evaluated in preclinical SCI models. Agents will be considered under the following categories: antioxidants, erythropoietin and derivatives, lipids, riluzole, opioid antagonists, hormones, anti-inflammatory agents, statins, calpain inhibitors, hypothermia, and emerging strategies. Several clinical trials of neuroprotective agents have already taken place and have generally had disappointing results. In attempting to identify promising new treatments, we will therefore highlight agents with (1) low known risks or established clinical use, (2) behavioral data gained in clinically relevant animal models, (3) efficacy when administered after the injury, and (4) robust effects seen in more than one laboratory and/or more than one model of SCI.
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Wann AKT, Mistry J, Blain EJ, Michael-Titus AT, Knight MM. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduce interleukin-1β-mediated cartilage degradation. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R207. [PMID: 21059244 PMCID: PMC3046514 DOI: 10.1186/ar3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In inflammatory joint disease, such as osteoarthritis (OA), there is an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β. These cytokines stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix and the loss of key structural components such as sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen II. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in an in vitro model of cartilage inflammation. METHODS Two specific n-3 compounds were tested, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), each at 0.1, 1 and 10 μM. Full thickness bovine cartilage explants, 5 mm in diameter, were cultured for 5 days with or without IL-1β and in the presence or absence of each n-3 compound. The media were replaced every 24 hours and assayed for sGAG content using the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) method. Chondrocyte viability was determined at the end of the culture period using fluorescence microscopy to visualise cells labelled with calcein AM and ethidium homodimer. RESULTS Treatment with IL-1β (10 ng.ml⁻¹) produced a large increase in sGAG release compared to untreated controls, but with no effect on cell viability, which was maintained above 80% for all treatments. In the absence of IL-1β, both n-3 compounds induced a mild catabolic response with increased loss of sGAG, particularly at 10 μM. By contrast, in the presence of IL-1β, both EPA and DHA at 0.1 and 1 μM significantly reduced IL-1β-mediated sGAG loss. The efficacy of the EPA treatment was maintained at approximately 75% throughout the 5-day period. However, at the same concentrations, the efficacy of DHA, although initially greater, reduced to approximately half that of EPA after 5 days. For both EPA and DHA, the highest dose of 10 μM was less effective. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that n-3 compounds are anti-inflammatory through competitive inhibition of the arachidonic acid oxidation pathway. The efficacy of these compounds is likely to be even greater at more physiological levels of IL-1β. Thus we suggest that n-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA, have exciting therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage degradation associated with chronic inflammatory joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus K T Wann
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Dyall SC, Michael GJ, Michael-Titus AT. Omega-3 fatty acids reverse age-related decreases in nuclear receptors and increase neurogenesis in old rats. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2091-102. [PMID: 20336774 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs), retinoid X receptors (RXRs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved in many cellular processes, such as learning and memory. RAR and RXR mRNA levels decrease with ageing, and the decreases can be reversed by retinoic acid treatment, which also alleviates age-related memory deficits. The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have neuroprotective effects in the aged brain and are endogenous ligands of RXR and PPAR. We investigated whether dietary EPA and DHA supplementation reverses age-related declines in protein levels of these receptors in rat forebrain. Two studies were conducted comparing adult and old rats. In the first, old rats were fed standard or EPA/DHA-enriched (270 mg/kg/day, EPA to DHA ratio 1.5:1) diets for 12 weeks. Analysis by Western blot revealed significant decreases in RARalpha, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and PPARgamma in the forebrain with ageing, which were reversed by supplementation. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus showed significant age-related decreases in RARalpha and RXRbeta expression in CA1 and the dentate gyrus, which were restored by supplementation. Decreases in hippocampal doublecortin expression were also partially alleviated, suggesting a positive effect on neurogenesis. We also investigated the effects of DHA supplementation (300 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) on RARalpha, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta expression in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Overall, DHA supplementation appeared to increase receptor expression compared with the untreated old group. These observations illustrate additional mechanisms that might underlie the neuroprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Dyall
- Neuroscience Centre, ICMS, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom.
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Ward RE, Huang W, Curran OE, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents white matter damage after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:1769-80. [PMID: 20698757 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly improves several histological and behavioral measures after spinal cord injury (SCI). White matter damage plays a key role in neurological outcome following SCI. Therefore, we examined the effects of the acute intravenous (IV) administration of DHA (250 nmol/kg) 30 min after thoracic compression SCI in rats, alone or in combination with a DHA-enriched diet (400 mg/kg/d, administered for 6 weeks post-injury), on white matter pathology. By 1 week post-injury, the acute IV DHA injection led to significantly reduced axonal dysfunction, as indicated by accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (-55% compared to vehicle-injected controls) in the dorsal columns. The loss of cytoskeletal proteins following SCI was also significantly reduced. There were 43% and 73% more axons immunoreactive for non-phosphorylated 200-kD neurofilament in the ventral white matter and ventrolateral white matter, respectively, in animals receiving DHA injections than vehicle-injected rats. The acute DHA treatment also led to a significant improvement in microtubule-associated protein-2 immunoreactivity. By 6 weeks, damage to myelin and serotonergic fibers was also reduced. For some of the parameters measured, the combination of DHA injection and DHA-enriched diet led to greater neuroprotection than DHA injection alone. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DHA in SCI, and clearly indicate that this fatty acid confers significant protection to the white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Ward
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Lim SN, Huang W, Hall JCE, Ward RE, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. The acute administration of eicosapentaenoic acid is neuroprotective after spinal cord compression injury in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:193-201. [PMID: 20833522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) after spinal cord compression injury in adult rats. Saline or EPA (250 nmol/kg) was administered intravenously 30 min after compression injury. Locomotor recovery was assessed daily using the BBB open-field locomotor score. One week after injury, animals were sacrificed and the spinal cord tissue containing the compression epicenter, and the adjacent rostral and caudal segments, was immunostained using specific markers for neurons, oligodendrocytes, axonal injury, and macrophages/microglia. Administration of EPA resulted in decreased axonal injury and increased neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival, in the lesion epicenter and adjacent tissue. The behavioural assessment mirrored the neuroprotective effects and showed a significantly improved functional recovery in animals treated with EPA compared to the saline-treated controls over the 7-day period. These observations suggest that EPA has neuroprotective properties when administered after spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Na Lim
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London, UK
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Huang W, Bhavsar A, Ward RE, Hall JCE, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone is neuroprotective after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1429-34. [PMID: 19371144 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In spinal cord injury (SCI), neuronal and oligodendroglial loss occurs as a result of the initial trauma and the secondary damage that is triggered by excitotoxicity, free radicals, and inflammation. There is evidence that SCI ellicits increased cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) activity. The cleavage of phospholipids by cPLA(2) leads to release of fatty acids, and in particular arachidonic acid (AA), the metabolites of which have been associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the inhibition of cPLA(2) following SCI leads to tissue protection and an improved functional outcome. Adult rats received compression SCI and 30 min after injury they were treated intravenously with either saline or the cPLA(2) inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) (7.13 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed at 7 days post-injury and the lesioned tissue was labeled using markers for neurons, oligodendrocytes, and macrophages/activated microglia. We also assessed locomotor recovery using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. The number of surviving neurons and oligodendrocytes was significantly increased in animals treated with the cPLA(2) inhibitor compared to saline controls. The behavioral analysis mirrored the neuroprotective effects and showed that the inhibitor-treated group had better locomotor recovery compared to saline controls. Our results show that AACOCF3 has neuroprotective potential, and support the idea that cPLA(2) is critically involved in acute spinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Gladman SJ, Ward RE, Michael-Titus AT, Knight MM, Priestley JV. The effect of mechanical strain or hypoxia on cell death in subpopulations of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Neuroscience 2010; 171:577-87. [PMID: 20674687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal nerves and their associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells can be subject to mechanical deformation and hypoxia associated with pathology such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis and spine trauma. There is very limited information on the response of adult DRG neurons to such stressors. In this study we used an in vitro approach to examine the response of adult DRG cells to (a) mechanical, hypoxic, and combined injuries; and (b) to compare the effects on injury on nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons, as well as on non-neuronal cells. Mechanical injury (20% tensile strain) led to significant neuronal cell death (assessed by ethidium homodimer-1 labelling), which was proportional to strain duration (5 min, 1 h, 6 h or 18 h). Hypoxia (2% O(2) for 24 h) also promoted death of DRG neurons, and was further enhanced when mechanical strain and hypoxia were combined. Both mechanical strain and hypoxia significantly decreased the maximum neurite length. Conversely, death of non-neuronal cells was only increased by hypoxia and not by mechanical strain. Total cell death in response to mechanical injury or hypoxia was similar in both non-nociceptive (neurofilament, NF-200 immunoreactive) and nociceptive (calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP immunoreactive) neurons, but apoptosis (assessed by activated caspase-3 immunostaining) was significantly higher in CGRP than NF-200 neurons. Surprisingly, cell death of non-peptidergic nociceptors (identified by Griffonia simplicifolia IB4 lectin binding) was already high in control cultures, and was not increased further by either mechanical stretch or hypoxia. These results provide detailed information on the response of adult DRG subpopulations to hypoxia and mechanical strain, and describe in vitro models that could be useful for screening potential neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gladman
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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Malaspina A, Ngoh SFA, Ward RE, Hall JCE, Tai FWD, Yip PK, Jones C, Jokic N, Averill SA, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. Activation transcription factor-3 activation and the development of spinal cord degeneration in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience 2010; 169:812-27. [PMID: 20470869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that an early activation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in astroglial cells occurs simultaneously in peripheral nerves and spinal cord from the G93A SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder. In ALS, the contribute to the pathological process of different cell types varies according to the disease stage, with a florid immune response in spinal cord at end stage disease. In this study, we have mapped in different anatomical sites the process of disease-induced functional perturbation from a pre-symptomatic stage using a marker of cellular distress expressed in neurons and glial cells, the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3), and applied large-scale gene expression analysis to define the pattern or transcriptional changes occurring in spinal cord from the G93A SOD1 rat model of ALS in parallel with ATF-3 neuronal activation. From the disease onset onward, transgenic lumbar spinal cord displayed ATF-3 transcriptional regulation and motor cells immunostaining in association with the over-expression of genes promoting cell growth, the functional integrity of cell organelles and involved in the modulation of immune responses. While spinal cord from the pre-symptomatic rat showed no detectable ATF-3 transcriptional regulation, ATF-3 activation was appreciated in large size neurofilament-rich, small size non-peptidergic and parvalbumin-positive neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and in ventral roots Schwann cells alongside macrophages infiltration. This pattern of peripheral ATF-3 activation remained detectable throughout the disease process. In the G93A SOD1 rat model of ALS, signs of roots and nerves subtle distress preceded overt clinical-pathological changes, involving both glial cells and neurons that function as receptors of peripheral sensory stimuli from the muscle. In addition, factors previously described to be linked to ATF-3 activation under various experimental conditions of stress, become switched on in spinal cord from the end-stage transgenic rat model of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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Robson LG, Dyall SC, Sidloff D, Michael-Titus AT. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the neurite outgrowth of rat sensory neurones throughout development and in aged animals. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:678-87. [PMID: 18620782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega-3 series and omega-6 series modulate neurite outgrowth in immature neurones. However, it has not been determined if their neurotrophic effects persist in adult and aged tissue. We prepared cultures of primary sensory neurones from male and female rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), isolated at different ages: post-natal day 3 (P3) and day 9 (P9), adult (2-4 months) and aged (18-20 months). Cultures were incubated with the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and the omega-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), at 0.8, 4, 8 and 40muM. PUFA increased neurite outgrowth throughout the developmental stages studied. The effects of omega-3 PUFA, in particular DHA, were still prominent in aged tissue. The amplitude of the effects was comparable to that of nerve growth factor (NGF; 50ng/ml) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA; 0.1muM). The effects of PUFA were similar in cells positive or negative for the N52 neurofilament marker. Our results show that omega-3 PUFA have a marked neurite-promoting potential in neurones from adult and aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley G Robson
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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Kiasalari Z, Salehi I, Zhong Y, McMahon SB, Michael-Titus AT, Michael GJ. Identification of perineal sensory neurons activated by innocuous heat. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:137-62. [PMID: 19937707 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-fiber sensory neurons comprise nociceptors and smaller populations of cells detecting innocuous thermal and light tactile stimuli. Markers identify subpopulations of these cells, aiding our understanding of their physiological roles. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel is characteristic of polymodal C-fiber nociceptors and is sensitive to noxious heat, irritant vanilloids, and protons. By using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and retrograde tracing, we anatomically characterize a small subpopulation of C-fiber cells that express high levels of TRPV1 (HE TRPV1 cells). These cells do not express molecular markers normally associated with C-fiber nociceptors. Furthermore, they express a unique complement of neurotrophic factor receptors, namely, the trkC receptor for neurotrophin 3, as well as receptors for neurturin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. HE TRPV1 cells are distributed in sensory ganglia throughout the neuraxis, with higher numbers noted in the sixth lumbar ganglion. In this ganglion and others of the lumbar and sacral regions, 75% or more of such HE TRPV1 cells express estrogen receptor alpha, suggestive of their regulation by estrogen and a role in afferent sensation related to reproduction. Afferents from these cells provide innervation to the hairy skin of the perineal region and can be activated by thermal stimuli from 38 degrees C, with a maximal response at 42 degrees C, as indicated by induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. We hypothesize that apart from participating in normal thermal sensation relevant to thermoregulation and reproductive functions, HE TRPV1 cells may mediate burning pain in chronic pain syndromes with perineal localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiasalari
- Queen Mary University of London, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Neuroscience & Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, E1 2AT, UK
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Nikolakopoulou Z, Michael-Titus AT, Parkinson EK. Abstract B152: The selective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on normal and neoplastic oral keratinocyte apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-b152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the aerodigestive tract often recur following therapy because of incomplete excision or the appearance of second primary or second field cancers. This makes the cost-effective prevention of second tumors an important priority. Recent evidence suggests that natural dietary products, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), contained in oily fish, have antitumorigenic activities, Therefore, PUFAs might be successful chemopreventive compounds and adjuvant agents for effective treatment when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, we tested the potential of omega-3 PUFAs to act as selective chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against oral and epidermal SCCs.
Materials and Methods: We investigated the effect of the long chain omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the malignant keratinocyte cell lines SCC-13 (epidermal), SCC-25 (oral) and the pre-malignant immortal line SVFHK and also on the normal keratinocyte lines, NHEK-131 and HEK-127. Cell viability, upon treatment with PUFAs, was determined by the MTT assay. The Annexin-V/ DAPI flow cytometric assay was carried out to assess apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the cleavage of caspases and the cell signaling pathways involved.
Results: Treatment with increasing concentrations of omega-3 PUFAs (0.5–5 µM) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of growth after only 4 days, as determined by the MTT assay. Under the same conditions, these natural products seemed to have little or no effect on the normal epidermal keratinocytes, at doses that killed the malignant cells. The cell death was confirmed by the Annexin-V/DAPI apoptosis assay. The assay determined that the malignant cell lines were undergoing an apoptotic death after treatment with PUFAs for 48 h, showing an increase in the Annexin-V positive /DAPI negative cell population. Western blot analysis confirmed that the PUFAs cause apoptosis via cleavage of caspase 3. The involvement of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis was also demonstrated through cleavage of caspase 9 and 8, respectively. Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated that the treatment of oral SCC-25 with PUFAs resulted in the upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2. The increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation is noticed already during the first few hours of treatment and continues to increase for 24 hours. The role of ERK1/2 activation in the apoptosis process and the involvement of other signaling pathways are under investigation.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the omega-3 PUFAs DHA and EPA display a significant antitumor effect against SCC keratinocytes at concentrations that do not eliminate normal cells, giving them a great potential as future therapeutic and prophylactic tools against HNSCC.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharoula Nikolakopoulou
- 1 Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- 2 Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Neuroscience Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric K. Parkinson
- 1 Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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